The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)into fuels holds significant promise for addressing energy and environmental challenges,albeit hindered by constraints in conversion efficiency,production rates,...The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)into fuels holds significant promise for addressing energy and environmental challenges,albeit hindered by constraints in conversion efficiency,production rates,and electrode stability.Metal diborides are considered as promising electrocatalysts that may demonstrate superior CO2 electroreduction performance due to their distinctive electronic properties.Herein,a series of novel bulk metal diborides,encompassing transition metals from groupⅣB to groupⅦB elements,were fabricated using a high pressure-high temperature technique,which were directly utilized as self-supporting electrodes for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.The zirconium diboride(ZrB2)electrode stood out in metal diborides with superior electrocatalytic activity in generating carbon monoxide(CO),achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 92.2%at-2.2 V vs.Ag/Ag+in ionic liquid-based electrolytes.Impressively,the ZrB2 electrode demonstrated stable catalysis of CO2 reduction to CO over a nearly 60-h electrolysis period.Furthermore,the ZrB2 electrode and ionic liquid-based electrolytes could synergistically catalyze the reduction of CO2 to CO.Experimental results and density functional theory calculations support the notion that exposed metal sites on the ZrB2(001)surface could enhance*CO desorption and restrain the hydrogen evolution reaction,thereby facilitating the conversion of CO2 into CO.展开更多
β-PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electro-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and linear sweep voltammetry.We confirmed pure β-PbO2 crysta...β-PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electro-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and linear sweep voltammetry.We confirmed pure β-PbO2 crystals were on the electrode and it had a high oxygen evolution potential.The photoactivity and photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of the β-PbO2 electrode were investigated under visible light irradiation(λ 〉 420 nm) for the decolorization of Methylene Blue.Pseudo first-order kinetics parameter(Kapp) for dye decolorization using the β-PbO2 electrode achieved 6.71×10-4 min-1 under visible light irradiation,which indicated its excellent visible light-induced photoactivity.The Kapp of the PEC process was as much as 1.41×10-3 min-1 and was 1.71 times that of visible light irradiation or electrolysis even in the presence of the β-PbO2 electrode.A significant synergetic effect was observed in the PEC system.We also employed TiO2 modified β-PbO2 electrodes in this test,which revealed that the TiO2 immobilized on the β-PbO2 electrode inhibited the visible light-induced PEC efficiency despite the amount of TiO2 used for electrode preparation.The β-PbO2 electrode was also superior to the dimensionally stable anode(Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2) in visible light-induced photoactivity and PEC efficiency.展开更多
The state-of-the-art anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)require highly stable electrodes for prolonged operation.The stability of the electrode is closely linked to the effective evacuation of H2 or...The state-of-the-art anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)require highly stable electrodes for prolonged operation.The stability of the electrode is closely linked to the effective evacuation of H2 or O2 gas generated from electrode surface during the electrolysis.In this study,we prepared a superhydrophilic electrode by depositing porous nickel–iron nanoparticles on annealed TiO2 nanotubes(NiFe/ATNT)for rapid outgassing of such nonpolar gases.The super-hydrophilic NiFe/ATNT electrode exhibited an overpotential of 235 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 M KOH solution,and was utilized as the anode in the AEMWE to achieve a current density of 1.67 A cm−2 at 1.80 V.In addition,the AEMWE with NiFe/ATNT electrode,which enables effective outgassing,showed record stability for 1500 h at 0.50 A cm−2 under harsh temperature conditions of 80±3℃.展开更多
This study investigates the impact of oxide bottom electrode(BE)material and orientation on the resistive switching(RS)characteristics of Al/ZrO2-based ReRAM devices.Devices with different oxide BEs,including(400)-...This study investigates the impact of oxide bottom electrode(BE)material and orientation on the resistive switching(RS)characteristics of Al/ZrO2-based ReRAM devices.Devices with different oxide BEs,including(400)-and(222)-oriented ITO BEs deposited under pure argon and argon–oxygen(20%O2)sputtering atmospheres,as well as SrRuO3(SRO),show distinct RS behaviors.The Al/ZrO2/(400)-ITO and Al/ZrO2/SRO devices demonstrate stable bipolar RS performance,with(400)-ITO enabling an abrupt reset process,a wider memory window(>104),and superior stability,while SRO devices exhibit gradual reset transitions with lower power consumption.Furthermore,the crystallographic orientation control applied to ITO BE significantly affects the VO dynamics and RS performance,with(222)-ITO devices exhibiting irreversible RS behavior.It is irrefutable that BE material and its orientation can strongly influence RS performance by modulating the VO dynamics,electric field distribution,and conductive filament behavior.These findings underscore the importance of BE properties in optimizing ReRAM performance and provide valuable guidance for the development of high-efficiency memory devices.展开更多
The pore size distribution is often an important parameter for transport processes in porous media.Cryoporometry experiments can provide such data in the meso and macropore size up to 1 mm providing the sample tempera...The pore size distribution is often an important parameter for transport processes in porous media.Cryoporometry experiments can provide such data in the meso and macropore size up to 1 mm providing the sample temperature is finely controlled.We use a Peltier based system inserted directly into the NMR probe to control the temperature within 0.05℃and impose temperature ramps down to 0.002℃/min,necessary to characterize the largest pore sizes.The pore size information in the macropore range cannot be obtained from gas adsorption techniques while mercury injection is questionable for the material considered here.For porous materials made of paramagnetic minerals such as lithium-iron phosphate(LiFePO4,LFP)or nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides(NMC)and saturated with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(OMCTS),the T2relaxation times are very short such as protons from the liquid and frozen phases cannot be separated.Hence the usual cryoporometry experiment cannot be performed.Instead,we propose to use the T1contrast to separate these phases.The method is studied in detail along with some temperature effects linked with the T1variation of the bulk frozen OMCTS.We show an example on two cathode materials part of industrial battery product.展开更多
The low specific capacitances(SCs)of traditional carbonaceous negative electrodes significantly limit the enhancement in energy density of aqueous hybrid supercapacitors(AHCs).It is still hugely challengeable to explo...The low specific capacitances(SCs)of traditional carbonaceous negative electrodes significantly limit the enhancement in energy density of aqueous hybrid supercapacitors(AHCs).It is still hugely challengeable to explore a candidate with large SCs,which can stably operate in the negative potential region mean-while.For this propose,we design and fabricate solid-solution RuxCu1-xO2 nanocrystals(NCs),which exhibit competitive SCs and electrochemical stability within the potential range from-0.9 V to 0.0 V in the aqueous KOH electrolyte.The incorporation of Cu enhances the electrochemical utilization of RuO2,reaction kinetics,electronic conductivity,and hydrogen evolution overpotentials,which are all highly dependent upon the added contents of Cu species.The optimized Ru0.8Cu0.2O2(RuCu82)electrode of a high mass loading of 5 mg cm-2 reveals the best electrochemical capacitances in terms of reversible SCs and capacitance degradation at room temperature and-20℃.Furthermore,the reversible K+-(de)intercalation induced pseudocapacitance is proposed for electrochemical charge storage process of RuCu82.In particu-lar,remarkable specific energy of 59.1 Wh kg-1 at 400 W kg-1 and excellent cycling stability are achieved in the assembled NiCoO2//RuCu82 AHCs.Our contribution here presents a new promising negative elec-trode platform with high SCs and electrochemical stability for next-generation AHCs.展开更多
Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmi...Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)).In this study,we present a novel screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)modified with single crystallineα-Fe2O3nano-hexagons that functions as a sensor for detecting Cd(Ⅱ).The performance of the fabricated sensor was thoroughly assessed and compared with unmodified SPCE using the voltammetric method.The crystalline structure of the synthesizedα-Fe2O3nano-hexagons was confirmed through XRD,and surface analysis revealed an average diameter and thickness of 86 nm and 9 nm,respectively.Theα-Fe2O3modified SPCE yields a 7-fold enhanced response(at pH 5.0 vs.Ag/AgCl)to Cd(Ⅱ)than bare SPCE.The modified electrode effectively detects Cd(Ⅱ)with a linear response range of up to 333.0μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.65 nmol/L under ideal circumstances.This newly fabricated sensor offers significant potential for environmental monitoring applications by providing outstanding practicality,anti-interference ability,and repeatability for detecting Cd(Ⅱ)in water samples.展开更多
Al/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 composite electrodes doped with rare earth oxide (CeO2) were prepared by anodic oxidation method investigate the influence of nano-CeO2 dopants on the properties of Al/α-PbO2/β-PbO2-CeO2 electro...Al/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 composite electrodes doped with rare earth oxide (CeO2) were prepared by anodic oxidation method investigate the influence of nano-CeO2 dopants on the properties of Al/α-PbO2/β-PbO2-CeO2 electrodes and the impact of α-PbO2 as the intermediate layer. The results show that using α-PbO2 as the intermediate layer will benefit the crystallization of β-PbO2 and β-PbO2 is more suitable as the surface layer than α-PbO2. CeO2 dopants change the crystallite size and crystal structure, enhance the catalytic activity, and even change the deposition mechanism of PbO2. The doping of CeO2 in the PbO2 electrodes can enhance the electro-catalytic activity, which is helpful for oxygen evolution, and therefore reduce the cell voltage.展开更多
Al/conductive coating/α-Pb O2-Ce O2-Ti O2/β-PbO 2-MnO 2-WC-Zr O2 composite electrode material was prepared on Al/conductive coating/α-PbO 2-Ce O2-Ti O2 substrate by electrochemical oxidation co-deposition technique...Al/conductive coating/α-Pb O2-Ce O2-Ti O2/β-PbO 2-MnO 2-WC-Zr O2 composite electrode material was prepared on Al/conductive coating/α-PbO 2-Ce O2-Ti O2 substrate by electrochemical oxidation co-deposition technique. The effects of current density on the chemical composition, electrocatalytic activity, and stability of the composite anode material were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDXS), anode polarization curves, quasi-stationary polarization(Tafel) curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Results reveal that the composite electrode obtained at 1 A/dm2 possesses the lowest overpotential(0.610 V at 500 A/m2) for oxygen evolution, the best electrocatalytic activity, the longest service life(360 h at 40 °C in 150 g/L H2SO4 solution under 2 A/cm2), and the lowest cell voltage(2.75 V at 500 A/m2). Furthermore, with increasing current density, the coating exhibits grain growth and the decrease of content of Mn O2. Only a slight effect on crystalline structure is observed.展开更多
A novel nano crystalline Ag2O2-PbO2 film chemically modified electrode (CME) was prepared and the CME was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM). By chronoamperometry, the nano A...A novel nano crystalline Ag2O2-PbO2 film chemically modified electrode (CME) was prepared and the CME was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM). By chronoamperometry, the nano Ag2O2-PbO2 CME was used as bioelectro- chemical sensor to determine the population of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water. Compared with conventional methods, it is found that the technique we used is fast and convenient in counting E. coli.展开更多
Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-sec...Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO2RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO2RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO2,especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO2RR.展开更多
Integrating the CO2capture process with the CO2electrochemical reduction process into a single system can eliminate the need for storage and transportation following CO2capture.This integrated process offers ...Integrating the CO2capture process with the CO2electrochemical reduction process into a single system can eliminate the need for storage and transportation following CO2capture.This integrated process offers several advantages over multi-step cascade processes,including reduced costs and enhanced CO2utilization.However,the integrated CO2capture and electrochemical reduction(CCER)process encounters several challenges,including the low CO2adsorption performance of the gas diffusion electrode(GDE)and catalyst,as well as the poor activity and selectivity of the catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO2.This review aims to systematically summarize the fundamentals of the CCER process.Based on an in-depth understanding of the CO2mass transfer,adsorption,and electrochemical reduction processes,GDE design strategies based on the modulation of wettability and structure are discussed to enhance the CO2capture capability at the GDE level.At the catalyst level,catalyst design strategies based on the introduction of CO2capture sites and the construction of CO2mass transfer channels were analyzed,and catalyst design strategies for enhanced CO2capture were proposed.This review summarizes the most common catalysts for CO2electrochemical reduction,such as Ni-based,Bi-based,and Cubased catalysts,and analyzes their design strategies based on reaction pathways for generating specific products.Finally,the problems and challenges of the CCER process are summarized and proposed,which provide ideas for the further application of this technology in the future.展开更多
A Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2electrode with high stability was prepared and examined toward the electro-chemical degradation of 2-chlorophenol.Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2h...A Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2electrode with high stability was prepared and examined toward the electro-chemical degradation of 2-chlorophenol.Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2had a cauliflower morphology comprising smallβ-Pb02 crystals.The 2-chlorophenol removal rate using the Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2electrode was 100%after 180 min of electrolysis under optimal conditions,which were selected based on the orthogonal test method,i.e.,initial concentration of 2-cholorophenol=50 mg/L,concentration of Na2S04=0.1 mol/L,tem-perature=35℃,and anode current density=20 mA/cm2.Kinetic analyses demonstrated that the electrochemical oxidation of 2-chlorophenol on the Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2electrode followed pseu-do-first order kinetics.展开更多
Surgical electrodes are frequently associated with disadvantages such as high surface adhesion and severe thermal damage to adjacent normal tissues,which threaten operation quality and patient safety.In this study,by ...Surgical electrodes are frequently associated with disadvantages such as high surface adhesion and severe thermal damage to adjacent normal tissues,which threaten operation quality and patient safety.In this study,by mimicking the micromorphology and bio-anti-adhesion of shark skin,we proposed a strategy that utilized nanoscale aluminium oxide(Al2O3)films deposited on bioinspired shark skin(BSS)microstructures to design a composite surface(Al2O3@BSS)and integrated it into both flat sides of the surgical electrodes.Microano-manufacturing of the Al2O3@BSS surface was sequentially accomplished using nanosecond laser texturing,atomic layer deposition,and low-temperature annealing,endowing it with excellent blood-repellent properties.Visualisation experiments revealed that the tensile stress gradient of the blood coagulum with increasing thickness under a thermal field prompted it to separate from the Al2O3@BSS surface,resulting in anti-adhesion.Furthermore,it was observed for the first time that Al2O3 films could transiently excite discharge along a dielectric surface(DADS)to ablate tissues while suppressing Joule heat,thereby minimising thermal damage.A combination of ex vivo tissue and living mouse experiments demonstrated that the Al2O3@BSS electrodes exhibited optimal comprehensive performance in terms of anti-adhesion,damage minimisation,and drag reduction.In addition,the Al2O3@BSS electrodes possessed remarkable antibacterial efficacy against E.coli and S.aureus.The proposed strategy can meet the extreme application requirements of surgical electrodes to improve operation quality and offer valuable insights for future studies.展开更多
The demand for sustainable and stretchable thin-film printed batteries for bioelectronics,wearables,and e-textiles is rapidly increasing.Recently,we developed a fully 3D-printed soft-matter thin-film Ga-Ag2O batter...The demand for sustainable and stretchable thin-film printed batteries for bioelectronics,wearables,and e-textiles is rapidly increasing.Recently,we developed a fully 3D-printed soft-matter thin-film Ga-Ag2O battery with 3R characteristics:resilient to mechanical strain,repairable after damage,and recyclable.This battery achieved a record-breaking areal capacity of 26.37 mAh cm-2,increasing to 30.32 mAh cm-2 after 10 cycles under 100%strain.This performance stems from the synergistic effects of gallium’s liquid metal properties and the styrene-isoprene-styrene polymer in the anode.Gallium’s high specific capacity(1153.2 mAh g-1),deformability,and self-healing abilities,supported by its supercooled liquid phase,significantly enhance the battery’s resilience and efficiency.However,the cathode’s lower theoretical capacity,due to Ag2O(231.31 mAh g-1),remains a limitation.Traditional Ag2O-carbon black-styrene-isoprene-styrene cathodes experience rapid capacity decay as only the surface area of the active materials interacts with the electrolyte.To overcome this,we designed a carbon-filled Ag2O foam electrode using a sacrificial sugar template,increasing the effective surface area.This optimization enhanced ion-exchange efficiency,specific capacity,and cyclability,achieving a specific capacity of 221.16 mAh g-1.Consequently,the Ga-Ag2O stretchable battery attained a record areal capacity of 40.91 mAh cm-2—double that of nonfoam electrodes—and exhibited fivefold improved charge-discharge cycles.Using ultrastretchable Ag-EGaIn-styrene-isoprene-styrene and carbon black-styrene-isoprene-styrene current collectors,the battery’s specific capacity increased by 33%under 50%strain.Integrated into a soft-matter smart wristband for temperature monitoring,the battery demonstrated its promise for wearable electronics.展开更多
CoMn layered double hydroxides(CoMn-LDH)are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their excellent cyclic stability.However,they possess relatively low capacitances.In this work,hybrid CoMn-LDH@M...CoMn layered double hydroxides(CoMn-LDH)are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their excellent cyclic stability.However,they possess relatively low capacitances.In this work,hybrid CoMn-LDH@MnO2 products grown on Ni foams were obtained through a facile hydrothermal method.The as-synthesized samples employed as electrodes deliver a specific capacitance of 2325.01 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1.An assembled asymmetric supercapacitor using these products as positive electrodes shows a maximum energy density of 59.73 W h kg^-1 at 1000.09 W kg^-1.The prominent electrochemical performance of the as-prepared electrodes could be attributes to hierarchical structures.These findings suggest that hybrid structures might be potential alternatives for future flexible energy storage devices.展开更多
Ti3C2Tx,a novel two-dimensional layer material,is widely used as electrode materials of supercapacitor due to its good metal conductivity,redox reaction active surface,and so on.However,there are many challenges to be...Ti3C2Tx,a novel two-dimensional layer material,is widely used as electrode materials of supercapacitor due to its good metal conductivity,redox reaction active surface,and so on.However,there are many challenges to be addressed which impede Ti3C2Tx obtaining the ideal specific capacitance,such as restacking,re-crushing,and oxidation of titanium.Recently,many advances have been proposed to enhance capacitance performance of Ti3C2Tx.In this review,recent strategies for improving specific capacitance are summarized and compared,for example,film formation,surface modification,and composite method.Furthermore,in order to comprehend the mechanism of those efforts,this review analyzes the energy storage performance in different electrolytes and influencing factors.This review is expected to predict redouble research direction of Ti3C2Tx materials in supercapacitors.展开更多
In order to improve the electrochemical cycle stability of the RE–Mg–Ni-based A2B7-type electrode alloys, a small amount of Si has been added into the alloys.The casting and annealing technologies were adopted to fa...In order to improve the electrochemical cycle stability of the RE–Mg–Ni-based A2B7-type electrode alloys, a small amount of Si has been added into the alloys.The casting and annealing technologies were adopted to fabricate the La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six(x = 0–0.2) electrode alloys. The impacts of the addition of Si and annealing treatment on the structures and electrochemical performances of the alloys were investigated systematically. The results obtained by XRD and SEM show that all the as-cast and annealed alloys are of a multiphase structure, involving two main phases(La, Mg)2Ni7and La Ni5 as well as a residual phase La Ni3. Both adding Si and the annealing treatment lead to an evident change in the phase abundance and cell parameters of(La, Mg)2Ni7and La Ni5 major phases of the alloy without altering its main phase component. Moreover, the annealing treatment has the composition of the alloy distributed more homogeneously overall and simultaneously causes the grain of the alloy to be coarsened obviously. The electrochemical measurements indicate that adding Si and the annealing treatment give a significant rise to the influence on the electrochemical performances of the alloys. In brief, the cycle stability of the as-cast and annealed alloys evidently increases with the rising of Si content, while their discharge capacities obviously decrease under the same circumstances. Furthermore, the electrochemical kineticproperties of the electrode alloys, including the high rate discharge ability, the limiting current density(IL), hydrogen diffusion coefficient(D), and the charge-transfer resistance, first augment and then decline with the rising of Si content. Similarly, it is found that the above-mentioned electrochemical properties first mount up and then go down with the rising annealing temperature.展开更多
Electrochemicaldegradation of2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solutionwas investigated over Ti/SnO2-Sb anode. The factors influencing thedegradation rate, such as applied currentdensity (2-40 mA/cm2 ), pH ...Electrochemicaldegradation of2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solutionwas investigated over Ti/SnO2-Sb anode. The factors influencing thedegradation rate, such as applied currentdensity (2-40 mA/cm2 ), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L)were evaluated. Thedegradation of2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. Thedegradation ratio on Ti/SnO2 -Sb anode attained 〉 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant currentdensity of 30 mA/cm2 with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4 ) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L)degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, thedegradation rate constant (k) and thedegradation half-life (t1/2 )were 0.21 min1 and (2.8 ± 0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) weredetected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for2,4-DCPdegradation (5-200 mg/L)with Ti/SnO2-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO2-Sb anodewith a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed todegrade chlorophenols, particularly2,4-DCP inwastewater.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22003058,12204254)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFA1608902)+2 种基金the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Zhejiang(No.2021R01004)the National Major Science Facility Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility Achievement Transformation Platform Construction(No.2021FGWCXNLJSKJ01)Swedish Research Council(VR)(No.2020-04410)for financial support。
摘要The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)into fuels holds significant promise for addressing energy and environmental challenges,albeit hindered by constraints in conversion efficiency,production rates,and electrode stability.Metal diborides are considered as promising electrocatalysts that may demonstrate superior CO2 electroreduction performance due to their distinctive electronic properties.Herein,a series of novel bulk metal diborides,encompassing transition metals from groupⅣB to groupⅦB elements,were fabricated using a high pressure-high temperature technique,which were directly utilized as self-supporting electrodes for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.The zirconium diboride(ZrB2)electrode stood out in metal diborides with superior electrocatalytic activity in generating carbon monoxide(CO),achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 92.2%at-2.2 V vs.Ag/Ag+in ionic liquid-based electrolytes.Impressively,the ZrB2 electrode demonstrated stable catalysis of CO2 reduction to CO over a nearly 60-h electrolysis period.Furthermore,the ZrB2 electrode and ionic liquid-based electrolytes could synergistically catalyze the reduction of CO2 to CO.Experimental results and density functional theory calculations support the notion that exposed metal sites on the ZrB2(001)surface could enhance*CO desorption and restrain the hydrogen evolution reaction,thereby facilitating the conversion of CO2 into CO.
基金supported by a GRF grant (No.CUHK477610) of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR Governmentthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50708037)
摘要β-PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electro-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and linear sweep voltammetry.We confirmed pure β-PbO2 crystals were on the electrode and it had a high oxygen evolution potential.The photoactivity and photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of the β-PbO2 electrode were investigated under visible light irradiation(λ 〉 420 nm) for the decolorization of Methylene Blue.Pseudo first-order kinetics parameter(Kapp) for dye decolorization using the β-PbO2 electrode achieved 6.71×10-4 min-1 under visible light irradiation,which indicated its excellent visible light-induced photoactivity.The Kapp of the PEC process was as much as 1.41×10-3 min-1 and was 1.71 times that of visible light irradiation or electrolysis even in the presence of the β-PbO2 electrode.A significant synergetic effect was observed in the PEC system.We also employed TiO2 modified β-PbO2 electrodes in this test,which revealed that the TiO2 immobilized on the β-PbO2 electrode inhibited the visible light-induced PEC efficiency despite the amount of TiO2 used for electrode preparation.The β-PbO2 electrode was also superior to the dimensionally stable anode(Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2) in visible light-induced photoactivity and PEC efficiency.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(RS-2023-00207831,RS-2024-00346153).
摘要The state-of-the-art anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)require highly stable electrodes for prolonged operation.The stability of the electrode is closely linked to the effective evacuation of H2 or O2 gas generated from electrode surface during the electrolysis.In this study,we prepared a superhydrophilic electrode by depositing porous nickel–iron nanoparticles on annealed TiO2 nanotubes(NiFe/ATNT)for rapid outgassing of such nonpolar gases.The super-hydrophilic NiFe/ATNT electrode exhibited an overpotential of 235 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 M KOH solution,and was utilized as the anode in the AEMWE to achieve a current density of 1.67 A cm−2 at 1.80 V.In addition,the AEMWE with NiFe/ATNT electrode,which enables effective outgassing,showed record stability for 1500 h at 0.50 A cm−2 under harsh temperature conditions of 80±3℃.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51602160 and 61605086)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20150842)the Talent Project of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NUPTSF)(Grant No.NY222127)。
摘要This study investigates the impact of oxide bottom electrode(BE)material and orientation on the resistive switching(RS)characteristics of Al/ZrO2-based ReRAM devices.Devices with different oxide BEs,including(400)-and(222)-oriented ITO BEs deposited under pure argon and argon–oxygen(20%O2)sputtering atmospheres,as well as SrRuO3(SRO),show distinct RS behaviors.The Al/ZrO2/(400)-ITO and Al/ZrO2/SRO devices demonstrate stable bipolar RS performance,with(400)-ITO enabling an abrupt reset process,a wider memory window(>104),and superior stability,while SRO devices exhibit gradual reset transitions with lower power consumption.Furthermore,the crystallographic orientation control applied to ITO BE significantly affects the VO dynamics and RS performance,with(222)-ITO devices exhibiting irreversible RS behavior.It is irrefutable that BE material and its orientation can strongly influence RS performance by modulating the VO dynamics,electric field distribution,and conductive filament behavior.These findings underscore the importance of BE properties in optimizing ReRAM performance and provide valuable guidance for the development of high-efficiency memory devices.
摘要The pore size distribution is often an important parameter for transport processes in porous media.Cryoporometry experiments can provide such data in the meso and macropore size up to 1 mm providing the sample temperature is finely controlled.We use a Peltier based system inserted directly into the NMR probe to control the temperature within 0.05℃and impose temperature ramps down to 0.002℃/min,necessary to characterize the largest pore sizes.The pore size information in the macropore range cannot be obtained from gas adsorption techniques while mercury injection is questionable for the material considered here.For porous materials made of paramagnetic minerals such as lithium-iron phosphate(LiFePO4,LFP)or nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides(NMC)and saturated with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(OMCTS),the T2relaxation times are very short such as protons from the liquid and frozen phases cannot be separated.Hence the usual cryoporometry experiment cannot be performed.Instead,we propose to use the T1contrast to separate these phases.The method is studied in detail along with some temperature effects linked with the T1variation of the bulk frozen OMCTS.We show an example on two cathode materials part of industrial battery product.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20145,51904115,52072151,52171211,and 52271218)Jinan Independent Innovative Team(No.2020GXRC015)the Major Program of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2023ZD43 and ZR2021ZD05).
摘要The low specific capacitances(SCs)of traditional carbonaceous negative electrodes significantly limit the enhancement in energy density of aqueous hybrid supercapacitors(AHCs).It is still hugely challengeable to explore a candidate with large SCs,which can stably operate in the negative potential region mean-while.For this propose,we design and fabricate solid-solution RuxCu1-xO2 nanocrystals(NCs),which exhibit competitive SCs and electrochemical stability within the potential range from-0.9 V to 0.0 V in the aqueous KOH electrolyte.The incorporation of Cu enhances the electrochemical utilization of RuO2,reaction kinetics,electronic conductivity,and hydrogen evolution overpotentials,which are all highly dependent upon the added contents of Cu species.The optimized Ru0.8Cu0.2O2(RuCu82)electrode of a high mass loading of 5 mg cm-2 reveals the best electrochemical capacitances in terms of reversible SCs and capacitance degradation at room temperature and-20℃.Furthermore,the reversible K+-(de)intercalation induced pseudocapacitance is proposed for electrochemical charge storage process of RuCu82.In particu-lar,remarkable specific energy of 59.1 Wh kg-1 at 400 W kg-1 and excellent cycling stability are achieved in the assembled NiCoO2//RuCu82 AHCs.Our contribution here presents a new promising negative elec-trode platform with high SCs and electrochemical stability for next-generation AHCs.
摘要Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)).In this study,we present a novel screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)modified with single crystallineα-Fe2O3nano-hexagons that functions as a sensor for detecting Cd(Ⅱ).The performance of the fabricated sensor was thoroughly assessed and compared with unmodified SPCE using the voltammetric method.The crystalline structure of the synthesizedα-Fe2O3nano-hexagons was confirmed through XRD,and surface analysis revealed an average diameter and thickness of 86 nm and 9 nm,respectively.Theα-Fe2O3modified SPCE yields a 7-fold enhanced response(at pH 5.0 vs.Ag/AgCl)to Cd(Ⅱ)than bare SPCE.The modified electrode effectively detects Cd(Ⅱ)with a linear response range of up to 333.0μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.65 nmol/L under ideal circumstances.This newly fabricated sensor offers significant potential for environmental monitoring applications by providing outstanding practicality,anti-interference ability,and repeatability for detecting Cd(Ⅱ)in water samples.
基金Project(50964008)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010287)supported by Analysis and Testing Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology,China
摘要Al/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 composite electrodes doped with rare earth oxide (CeO2) were prepared by anodic oxidation method investigate the influence of nano-CeO2 dopants on the properties of Al/α-PbO2/β-PbO2-CeO2 electrodes and the impact of α-PbO2 as the intermediate layer. The results show that using α-PbO2 as the intermediate layer will benefit the crystallization of β-PbO2 and β-PbO2 is more suitable as the surface layer than α-PbO2. CeO2 dopants change the crystallite size and crystal structure, enhance the catalytic activity, and even change the deposition mechanism of PbO2. The doping of CeO2 in the PbO2 electrodes can enhance the electro-catalytic activity, which is helpful for oxygen evolution, and therefore reduce the cell voltage.
基金Projects(51004056,51004057)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(KKZ6201152009)supported by the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials,Chinese Academy of Sciences+2 种基金Project(2010ZC052)supported by the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,ChinaProject(20125314110011)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,ChinaProject(2010247)supported by Analysis&Testing Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology,China
摘要Al/conductive coating/α-Pb O2-Ce O2-Ti O2/β-PbO 2-MnO 2-WC-Zr O2 composite electrode material was prepared on Al/conductive coating/α-PbO 2-Ce O2-Ti O2 substrate by electrochemical oxidation co-deposition technique. The effects of current density on the chemical composition, electrocatalytic activity, and stability of the composite anode material were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDXS), anode polarization curves, quasi-stationary polarization(Tafel) curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Results reveal that the composite electrode obtained at 1 A/dm2 possesses the lowest overpotential(0.610 V at 500 A/m2) for oxygen evolution, the best electrocatalytic activity, the longest service life(360 h at 40 °C in 150 g/L H2SO4 solution under 2 A/cm2), and the lowest cell voltage(2.75 V at 500 A/m2). Furthermore, with increasing current density, the coating exhibits grain growth and the decrease of content of Mn O2. Only a slight effect on crystalline structure is observed.
基金We are greateful to the National Narural Science Foundation of China(No.20455017)Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipal(No.0452nm084).
摘要A novel nano crystalline Ag2O2-PbO2 film chemically modified electrode (CME) was prepared and the CME was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM). By chronoamperometry, the nano Ag2O2-PbO2 CME was used as bioelectro- chemical sensor to determine the population of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water. Compared with conventional methods, it is found that the technique we used is fast and convenient in counting E. coli.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22250008,22121004,22108197)+3 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(No.CYZC202107)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.21JCZXJC00060)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.BP0618007)the Xplorer Prize for financial support。
摘要Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO2RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO2RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO2,especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO2RR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20573,U23A20140)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(B202420809,B2024208088)+2 种基金S&T Program of Hebei(242Q4301Z,22373709D)Project of Basic Research at Universities in Shijiazhuang(241790977A)Huang jin tai plan project of Hebei provincial department of education(HJZD202512)。
摘要Integrating the CO2capture process with the CO2electrochemical reduction process into a single system can eliminate the need for storage and transportation following CO2capture.This integrated process offers several advantages over multi-step cascade processes,including reduced costs and enhanced CO2utilization.However,the integrated CO2capture and electrochemical reduction(CCER)process encounters several challenges,including the low CO2adsorption performance of the gas diffusion electrode(GDE)and catalyst,as well as the poor activity and selectivity of the catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO2.This review aims to systematically summarize the fundamentals of the CCER process.Based on an in-depth understanding of the CO2mass transfer,adsorption,and electrochemical reduction processes,GDE design strategies based on the modulation of wettability and structure are discussed to enhance the CO2capture capability at the GDE level.At the catalyst level,catalyst design strategies based on the introduction of CO2capture sites and the construction of CO2mass transfer channels were analyzed,and catalyst design strategies for enhanced CO2capture were proposed.This review summarizes the most common catalysts for CO2electrochemical reduction,such as Ni-based,Bi-based,and Cubased catalysts,and analyzes their design strategies based on reaction pathways for generating specific products.Finally,the problems and challenges of the CCER process are summarized and proposed,which provide ideas for the further application of this technology in the future.
摘要A Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2electrode with high stability was prepared and examined toward the electro-chemical degradation of 2-chlorophenol.Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2had a cauliflower morphology comprising smallβ-Pb02 crystals.The 2-chlorophenol removal rate using the Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2electrode was 100%after 180 min of electrolysis under optimal conditions,which were selected based on the orthogonal test method,i.e.,initial concentration of 2-cholorophenol=50 mg/L,concentration of Na2S04=0.1 mol/L,tem-perature=35℃,and anode current density=20 mA/cm2.Kinetic analyses demonstrated that the electrochemical oxidation of 2-chlorophenol on the Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2electrode followed pseu-do-first order kinetics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52275425,52405473,and 52405472)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2024A1515010993)。
摘要Surgical electrodes are frequently associated with disadvantages such as high surface adhesion and severe thermal damage to adjacent normal tissues,which threaten operation quality and patient safety.In this study,by mimicking the micromorphology and bio-anti-adhesion of shark skin,we proposed a strategy that utilized nanoscale aluminium oxide(Al2O3)films deposited on bioinspired shark skin(BSS)microstructures to design a composite surface(Al2O3@BSS)and integrated it into both flat sides of the surgical electrodes.Microano-manufacturing of the Al2O3@BSS surface was sequentially accomplished using nanosecond laser texturing,atomic layer deposition,and low-temperature annealing,endowing it with excellent blood-repellent properties.Visualisation experiments revealed that the tensile stress gradient of the blood coagulum with increasing thickness under a thermal field prompted it to separate from the Al2O3@BSS surface,resulting in anti-adhesion.Furthermore,it was observed for the first time that Al2O3 films could transiently excite discharge along a dielectric surface(DADS)to ablate tissues while suppressing Joule heat,thereby minimising thermal damage.A combination of ex vivo tissue and living mouse experiments demonstrated that the Al2O3@BSS electrodes exhibited optimal comprehensive performance in terms of anti-adhesion,damage minimisation,and drag reduction.In addition,the Al2O3@BSS electrodes possessed remarkable antibacterial efficacy against E.coli and S.aureus.The proposed strategy can meet the extreme application requirements of surgical electrodes to improve operation quality and offer valuable insights for future studies.
基金supported by the European Research Council,ERC project Liquid3D,grant number 101045072supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology(FCT)of Portugal through the CMU-Portugal project WoW(Reference No:45913).
摘要The demand for sustainable and stretchable thin-film printed batteries for bioelectronics,wearables,and e-textiles is rapidly increasing.Recently,we developed a fully 3D-printed soft-matter thin-film Ga-Ag2O battery with 3R characteristics:resilient to mechanical strain,repairable after damage,and recyclable.This battery achieved a record-breaking areal capacity of 26.37 mAh cm-2,increasing to 30.32 mAh cm-2 after 10 cycles under 100%strain.This performance stems from the synergistic effects of gallium’s liquid metal properties and the styrene-isoprene-styrene polymer in the anode.Gallium’s high specific capacity(1153.2 mAh g-1),deformability,and self-healing abilities,supported by its supercooled liquid phase,significantly enhance the battery’s resilience and efficiency.However,the cathode’s lower theoretical capacity,due to Ag2O(231.31 mAh g-1),remains a limitation.Traditional Ag2O-carbon black-styrene-isoprene-styrene cathodes experience rapid capacity decay as only the surface area of the active materials interacts with the electrolyte.To overcome this,we designed a carbon-filled Ag2O foam electrode using a sacrificial sugar template,increasing the effective surface area.This optimization enhanced ion-exchange efficiency,specific capacity,and cyclability,achieving a specific capacity of 221.16 mAh g-1.Consequently,the Ga-Ag2O stretchable battery attained a record areal capacity of 40.91 mAh cm-2—double that of nonfoam electrodes—and exhibited fivefold improved charge-discharge cycles.Using ultrastretchable Ag-EGaIn-styrene-isoprene-styrene and carbon black-styrene-isoprene-styrene current collectors,the battery’s specific capacity increased by 33%under 50%strain.Integrated into a soft-matter smart wristband for temperature monitoring,the battery demonstrated its promise for wearable electronics.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No 30919011410)。
摘要CoMn layered double hydroxides(CoMn-LDH)are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their excellent cyclic stability.However,they possess relatively low capacitances.In this work,hybrid CoMn-LDH@MnO2 products grown on Ni foams were obtained through a facile hydrothermal method.The as-synthesized samples employed as electrodes deliver a specific capacitance of 2325.01 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1.An assembled asymmetric supercapacitor using these products as positive electrodes shows a maximum energy density of 59.73 W h kg^-1 at 1000.09 W kg^-1.The prominent electrochemical performance of the as-prepared electrodes could be attributes to hierarchical structures.These findings suggest that hybrid structures might be potential alternatives for future flexible energy storage devices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grant No.21905304Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019BEM031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.18CX02158A and 19CX05001A).
摘要Ti3C2Tx,a novel two-dimensional layer material,is widely used as electrode materials of supercapacitor due to its good metal conductivity,redox reaction active surface,and so on.However,there are many challenges to be addressed which impede Ti3C2Tx obtaining the ideal specific capacitance,such as restacking,re-crushing,and oxidation of titanium.Recently,many advances have been proposed to enhance capacitance performance of Ti3C2Tx.In this review,recent strategies for improving specific capacitance are summarized and compared,for example,film formation,surface modification,and composite method.Furthermore,in order to comprehend the mechanism of those efforts,this review analyzes the energy storage performance in different electrolytes and influencing factors.This review is expected to predict redouble research direction of Ti3C2Tx materials in supercapacitors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50961009 and 51161015)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2011AA03A408)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2011ZD10 and 2010ZD05)
摘要In order to improve the electrochemical cycle stability of the RE–Mg–Ni-based A2B7-type electrode alloys, a small amount of Si has been added into the alloys.The casting and annealing technologies were adopted to fabricate the La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six(x = 0–0.2) electrode alloys. The impacts of the addition of Si and annealing treatment on the structures and electrochemical performances of the alloys were investigated systematically. The results obtained by XRD and SEM show that all the as-cast and annealed alloys are of a multiphase structure, involving two main phases(La, Mg)2Ni7and La Ni5 as well as a residual phase La Ni3. Both adding Si and the annealing treatment lead to an evident change in the phase abundance and cell parameters of(La, Mg)2Ni7and La Ni5 major phases of the alloy without altering its main phase component. Moreover, the annealing treatment has the composition of the alloy distributed more homogeneously overall and simultaneously causes the grain of the alloy to be coarsened obviously. The electrochemical measurements indicate that adding Si and the annealing treatment give a significant rise to the influence on the electrochemical performances of the alloys. In brief, the cycle stability of the as-cast and annealed alloys evidently increases with the rising of Si content, while their discharge capacities obviously decrease under the same circumstances. Furthermore, the electrochemical kineticproperties of the electrode alloys, including the high rate discharge ability, the limiting current density(IL), hydrogen diffusion coefficient(D), and the charge-transfer resistance, first augment and then decline with the rising of Si content. Similarly, it is found that the above-mentioned electrochemical properties first mount up and then go down with the rising annealing temperature.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Innovative Research Group of China(No.51121003)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20110003110023)the special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control of China
摘要Electrochemicaldegradation of2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solutionwas investigated over Ti/SnO2-Sb anode. The factors influencing thedegradation rate, such as applied currentdensity (2-40 mA/cm2 ), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L)were evaluated. Thedegradation of2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. Thedegradation ratio on Ti/SnO2 -Sb anode attained 〉 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant currentdensity of 30 mA/cm2 with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4 ) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L)degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, thedegradation rate constant (k) and thedegradation half-life (t1/2 )were 0.21 min1 and (2.8 ± 0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) weredetected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for2,4-DCPdegradation (5-200 mg/L)with Ti/SnO2-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO2-Sb anodewith a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed todegrade chlorophenols, particularly2,4-DCP inwastewater.