为应对配电网络低碳化运行的挑战,并充分挖掘系统中分布式资源的灵活调控潜力,文中构建一种基于电碳综合边际定价的虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)双层点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)交易模型。上层由配电网运营商(distribution system o...为应对配电网络低碳化运行的挑战,并充分挖掘系统中分布式资源的灵活调控潜力,文中构建一种基于电碳综合边际定价的虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)双层点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)交易模型。上层由配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)建立基于碳排放流(carbon emission flow,CEF)技术的碳感知最优潮流模型,在此基础上计算出电碳综合边际价格,DSO可利用该价格信号协调VPP低碳调度。下层组建多VPP合作联盟,可将电动汽车规模化整合并引入碳信号引导的电动汽车灵活调度机制,建立基于贡献度的非对称纳什议价交易模型,各VPP在价格信号的引导下平衡个体与联盟利益,制定生产与交易的最优策略。然后,采用自适应交替方向乘子法(adaptive-scaling alternating direction method of multipliers,AS-ADMM)对模型进行求解,解决变量耦合导致的收敛速度问题。最后,采用改进的IEEE 33节点配电系统进行仿真验证。案例分析结果表明,所提交易模型可以通过提高分布式能源利用效率并优化负荷分布,在降低VPP运营成本的同时减少配电网碳排放。展开更多
目的:观察弱内向整流相关及花生四烯酸激活的弱内向整流相关双孔钾离子通道(tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related-tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related arachidonic acid activated tw...目的:观察弱内向整流相关及花生四烯酸激活的弱内向整流相关双孔钾离子通道(tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related-tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related arachidonic acid activated two pore-domain potassium channels, TREK-TRAAK K2P)激活对氧化损伤的人视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelial, RPE)细胞吞噬功能的影响。方法:免疫荧光法检测TREK-1、TREK-2及TRAAK通道蛋白在人RPE细胞的表达,以不同时间和浓度梯度的叔丁基过氧化氢(tertbutyl hydroperoxide, t-BHP)诱导人RPE细胞氧化损伤。分对照组、t-BHP组、利鲁唑加t-BHP组,利鲁唑组,向各组加入2×107/mL的荧光微球或FITC标记猪感光细胞外节膜盘孵育6 h,固定染色后荧光显微镜拍照,Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析计算RPE细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数。结果:TREK-1、TREK-2、TREEK通道蛋白亚型在人RPE细胞质中均高表达。人RPE细胞在t-BHP干预后存活率呈浓度和时间依赖性,200μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h与对照组存活率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),400μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h致半数死亡。特异性吞噬指数:t-BHP组低于其他各组(P0.05)。特异性吞噬率:t-BHP组低于其他各组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。非特异性吞噬指数:t-BHP组低于其他各组(P0.05),两两比较,仅利鲁唑组高于t-BHP组(P<0.05)。结论:激活TREK-TRAAK K2P通道可保护氧化损伤人RPE细胞的吞噬功能。展开更多
为提高全球定位系统(GPS)数据精度,同时解决常规粒子滤波算法在数据处理中的粒子退化、对噪声敏感与样本空间覆盖不均匀等问题,提出一种基于粒子群粒子滤波(PSO-PF)的车联网车对行人(Vehicle to Pedestrian,V2P)定位精度提升方法。首先...为提高全球定位系统(GPS)数据精度,同时解决常规粒子滤波算法在数据处理中的粒子退化、对噪声敏感与样本空间覆盖不均匀等问题,提出一种基于粒子群粒子滤波(PSO-PF)的车联网车对行人(Vehicle to Pedestrian,V2P)定位精度提升方法。首先建立GPS数据的状态模型与测量模型,并对粒子滤波算法存在的问题进行分析;然后引入粒子群优化算法,提出一种防止粒子退化、去除噪声影响、改善粒子空间分布的方法;为验证算法性能,搭建MATLAB/SUMO联合仿真平台,以无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)为基准进行对比试验,通过行人测量试验与城市峡谷试验测试两种算法的性能,结果表明,与UKF相比,PSO-PF的定位精度提升72.7%,在非线性条件下其归一化均方误差较小、定位精度更高。展开更多
P2P2B模式下云服务投入是工业互联网(industrial internet of things,IIoT)平台的关键战略决策之一.构建由IIoT平台、龙头企业、潜在客户构成的演化博弈模型,研究IIoT平台在公有云研发投入和私有云研发投入中的策略选择,及其与龙头企业...P2P2B模式下云服务投入是工业互联网(industrial internet of things,IIoT)平台的关键战略决策之一.构建由IIoT平台、龙头企业、潜在客户构成的演化博弈模型,研究IIoT平台在公有云研发投入和私有云研发投入中的策略选择,及其与龙头企业的生态合作问题.结果表明:虽然公有云存在数据泄露隐患,但较高的规模收益仍会吸引IIoT平台投入公有云研发,而平台搭建期内龙头企业的高合作意愿会促使平台投入私有云,随着龙头企业合作研发的比例增加,平台又将改变其投入策略.驱动龙头企业合作的因素可以是成本收益、技术提升等直接因素,也可以是规模收益、数据泄露概率等间接因素.最后,基于平台生命周期探讨了初创期、平台搭建期与生态系统期IIoT平台的系统稳定策略,并得到相应的管理启示.展开更多
在“双碳”战略目标下,如何实现虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)之间的灵活交互并通过碳价作为激励促进VPP低碳运行,是一个值得研究的问题,为此,基于碳流理论研究VPP点对点(peer to peer,P2P)交易模型。首先,根据碳排放流理论分析碳...在“双碳”战略目标下,如何实现虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)之间的灵活交互并通过碳价作为激励促进VPP低碳运行,是一个值得研究的问题,为此,基于碳流理论研究VPP点对点(peer to peer,P2P)交易模型。首先,根据碳排放流理论分析碳流在网络中的分布特性,并引入天然气形成多能网络,建立低碳经济调度模型;其次,考虑各VPP参与交易的隐私问题,提出包含报量与报价交易信息的指标量化方法,建立基于综合优先权的P2P交易模型;同时,结合VPP在网络中承担的碳排放责任,在P2P交易机制中引入碳定价方法,建立基于碳税的“能源-碳”综合价格模型;最后,通过算例验证了所提方法不仅能降低VPP的运行成本,还能有效降低碳排放量。展开更多
随着能源系统互联化和能源交易市场化的高度发展,通过多综合能源系统(Multi-Integrated Energy System,MIES)的区域互联使综合能源系统(Integrated Energy System,IES)的能源利用率更高效、经济收益更可观。首先,文中构建多能源市场背...随着能源系统互联化和能源交易市场化的高度发展,通过多综合能源系统(Multi-Integrated Energy System,MIES)的区域互联使综合能源系统(Integrated Energy System,IES)的能源利用率更高效、经济收益更可观。首先,文中构建多能源市场背景下的MIES合作联盟的能量共享架构,建立MIES之间的电能和备用点对点(Point To Point,P2P)交易模型;其次,对新能源出力的不确定性,电价及备用价格波动风险进行分析,文中采用条件风险价值(Conditional Value-at-Risk,CVaR)理论,构建风险成本函数,并将其纳入综合运行成本模型;最后,选择交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method Of Multipliers,ADMM)进行分布式求解,并通过算例分析验证模型的正确性与合理性,实现MIES运行成本的最小化和支付收益最大化,体现不同条件风险厌恶系数对MIES的影响。展开更多
Broadcasting is a basic technique in Mobile ad-hoc network(MANET),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission range.Flooding is a type of broadcast where the received pa...Broadcasting is a basic technique in Mobile ad-hoc network(MANET),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission range.Flooding is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every node.The naive flooding technique,floods the network with query messages,while the random walk technique operates by contacting the subsets of every node’s neighbors at each step,thereby restricting the search space.One of the key challenges in an ad-hoc network is the resource or content discovery problem which is about locating the queried resource.Many earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of flooding,and its variants under a wired network.Although,there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,the analytical results are still lacking,especially in the context of P2P systems running over MANET.In this paper,we describe how P2P resource discovery protocols perform badly over MANETs.To address the limitations,we propose a new protocol named ABRW(Address Broadcast Random Walk),which is a lightweight search approach,designed considering the underlay topology aimed to better suit the unstructured architecture.We provide the mathematical model,measuring the performance of our proposed search scheme with different widely popular benchmarked search techniques.Further,we also derive three relevant search performance metrics,i.e.,mean no.of steps needed to find a resource,the probability of finding a resource,and the mean no.of message overhead.We validated the analytical expressions through simulations.The simulation results closely matched with our analyticalmodel,justifying our findings.Our proposed search algorithm under such highly dynamic self-evolving networks performed better,as it reduced the search latency,decreased the overall message overhead,and still equally had a good success rate.展开更多
摘要为应对配电网络低碳化运行的挑战,并充分挖掘系统中分布式资源的灵活调控潜力,文中构建一种基于电碳综合边际定价的虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)双层点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)交易模型。上层由配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)建立基于碳排放流(carbon emission flow,CEF)技术的碳感知最优潮流模型,在此基础上计算出电碳综合边际价格,DSO可利用该价格信号协调VPP低碳调度。下层组建多VPP合作联盟,可将电动汽车规模化整合并引入碳信号引导的电动汽车灵活调度机制,建立基于贡献度的非对称纳什议价交易模型,各VPP在价格信号的引导下平衡个体与联盟利益,制定生产与交易的最优策略。然后,采用自适应交替方向乘子法(adaptive-scaling alternating direction method of multipliers,AS-ADMM)对模型进行求解,解决变量耦合导致的收敛速度问题。最后,采用改进的IEEE 33节点配电系统进行仿真验证。案例分析结果表明,所提交易模型可以通过提高分布式能源利用效率并优化负荷分布,在降低VPP运营成本的同时减少配电网碳排放。
摘要目的:观察弱内向整流相关及花生四烯酸激活的弱内向整流相关双孔钾离子通道(tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related-tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related arachidonic acid activated two pore-domain potassium channels, TREK-TRAAK K2P)激活对氧化损伤的人视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelial, RPE)细胞吞噬功能的影响。方法:免疫荧光法检测TREK-1、TREK-2及TRAAK通道蛋白在人RPE细胞的表达,以不同时间和浓度梯度的叔丁基过氧化氢(tertbutyl hydroperoxide, t-BHP)诱导人RPE细胞氧化损伤。分对照组、t-BHP组、利鲁唑加t-BHP组,利鲁唑组,向各组加入2×107/mL的荧光微球或FITC标记猪感光细胞外节膜盘孵育6 h,固定染色后荧光显微镜拍照,Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析计算RPE细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数。结果:TREK-1、TREK-2、TREEK通道蛋白亚型在人RPE细胞质中均高表达。人RPE细胞在t-BHP干预后存活率呈浓度和时间依赖性,200μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h与对照组存活率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),400μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h致半数死亡。特异性吞噬指数:t-BHP组低于其他各组(P0.05)。特异性吞噬率:t-BHP组低于其他各组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。非特异性吞噬指数:t-BHP组低于其他各组(P0.05),两两比较,仅利鲁唑组高于t-BHP组(P<0.05)。结论:激活TREK-TRAAK K2P通道可保护氧化损伤人RPE细胞的吞噬功能。
摘要为提高全球定位系统(GPS)数据精度,同时解决常规粒子滤波算法在数据处理中的粒子退化、对噪声敏感与样本空间覆盖不均匀等问题,提出一种基于粒子群粒子滤波(PSO-PF)的车联网车对行人(Vehicle to Pedestrian,V2P)定位精度提升方法。首先建立GPS数据的状态模型与测量模型,并对粒子滤波算法存在的问题进行分析;然后引入粒子群优化算法,提出一种防止粒子退化、去除噪声影响、改善粒子空间分布的方法;为验证算法性能,搭建MATLAB/SUMO联合仿真平台,以无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)为基准进行对比试验,通过行人测量试验与城市峡谷试验测试两种算法的性能,结果表明,与UKF相比,PSO-PF的定位精度提升72.7%,在非线性条件下其归一化均方误差较小、定位精度更高。
摘要P2P2B模式下云服务投入是工业互联网(industrial internet of things,IIoT)平台的关键战略决策之一.构建由IIoT平台、龙头企业、潜在客户构成的演化博弈模型,研究IIoT平台在公有云研发投入和私有云研发投入中的策略选择,及其与龙头企业的生态合作问题.结果表明:虽然公有云存在数据泄露隐患,但较高的规模收益仍会吸引IIoT平台投入公有云研发,而平台搭建期内龙头企业的高合作意愿会促使平台投入私有云,随着龙头企业合作研发的比例增加,平台又将改变其投入策略.驱动龙头企业合作的因素可以是成本收益、技术提升等直接因素,也可以是规模收益、数据泄露概率等间接因素.最后,基于平台生命周期探讨了初创期、平台搭建期与生态系统期IIoT平台的系统稳定策略,并得到相应的管理启示.
摘要在“双碳”战略目标下,如何实现虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)之间的灵活交互并通过碳价作为激励促进VPP低碳运行,是一个值得研究的问题,为此,基于碳流理论研究VPP点对点(peer to peer,P2P)交易模型。首先,根据碳排放流理论分析碳流在网络中的分布特性,并引入天然气形成多能网络,建立低碳经济调度模型;其次,考虑各VPP参与交易的隐私问题,提出包含报量与报价交易信息的指标量化方法,建立基于综合优先权的P2P交易模型;同时,结合VPP在网络中承担的碳排放责任,在P2P交易机制中引入碳定价方法,建立基于碳税的“能源-碳”综合价格模型;最后,通过算例验证了所提方法不仅能降低VPP的运行成本,还能有效降低碳排放量。
摘要随着能源系统互联化和能源交易市场化的高度发展,通过多综合能源系统(Multi-Integrated Energy System,MIES)的区域互联使综合能源系统(Integrated Energy System,IES)的能源利用率更高效、经济收益更可观。首先,文中构建多能源市场背景下的MIES合作联盟的能量共享架构,建立MIES之间的电能和备用点对点(Point To Point,P2P)交易模型;其次,对新能源出力的不确定性,电价及备用价格波动风险进行分析,文中采用条件风险价值(Conditional Value-at-Risk,CVaR)理论,构建风险成本函数,并将其纳入综合运行成本模型;最后,选择交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method Of Multipliers,ADMM)进行分布式求解,并通过算例分析验证模型的正确性与合理性,实现MIES运行成本的最小化和支付收益最大化,体现不同条件风险厌恶系数对MIES的影响。
摘要Broadcasting is a basic technique in Mobile ad-hoc network(MANET),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission range.Flooding is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every node.The naive flooding technique,floods the network with query messages,while the random walk technique operates by contacting the subsets of every node’s neighbors at each step,thereby restricting the search space.One of the key challenges in an ad-hoc network is the resource or content discovery problem which is about locating the queried resource.Many earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of flooding,and its variants under a wired network.Although,there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,the analytical results are still lacking,especially in the context of P2P systems running over MANET.In this paper,we describe how P2P resource discovery protocols perform badly over MANETs.To address the limitations,we propose a new protocol named ABRW(Address Broadcast Random Walk),which is a lightweight search approach,designed considering the underlay topology aimed to better suit the unstructured architecture.We provide the mathematical model,measuring the performance of our proposed search scheme with different widely popular benchmarked search techniques.Further,we also derive three relevant search performance metrics,i.e.,mean no.of steps needed to find a resource,the probability of finding a resource,and the mean no.of message overhead.We validated the analytical expressions through simulations.The simulation results closely matched with our analyticalmodel,justifying our findings.Our proposed search algorithm under such highly dynamic self-evolving networks performed better,as it reduced the search latency,decreased the overall message overhead,and still equally had a good success rate.