This paper presents a Three-Dimensional(3D)cooperative guidance law with Practical Predefined-Time(PPT)convergence for multiple missiles considering approach angle(terminal lineof-sight)and simultaneous arrival constr...This paper presents a Three-Dimensional(3D)cooperative guidance law with Practical Predefined-Time(PPT)convergence for multiple missiles considering approach angle(terminal lineof-sight)and simultaneous arrival constraints.To achieve a salvo attack against a maneuvering target from various directions,the guidance problem is tackled by addressing two critical factors:ensuring that the time-of-arrival is consistent and that the desired approach angles can be met.Considering the short duration of the homing guidance process,the convergence with predefined time for guidance states(especially the approach angle and time-to-go)is factored in.First,for the simultaneous arrival,a PPT guidance law is developed,which can meet the same time-to-go convergence rate in the Line-of-Sight(LOS)direction.Then,in the normal LOS direction,a 3D PPT guidance law is presented considering the approach angle constraint so that the desired approach angles can be reached within a user-designed time.The time-based generator technique is employed in the proposed PPT Cooperative Guidance Law(PPTCGL)to avoid the time-varying gain singularity issue.Notably,this technique can allow the convergence time to be preset in advance,independent of initial system conditions and tuning parameters.Additionally,to avoid excessive gain and improve the robustness of guidance law,a PPT disturbance observer is designed against uncertainties and target maneuvers so that the guidance system perturbation can be compensated in real time.It is userfriendly that the convergence of disturbance estimation can be met with a flexible pre-setting time before achieving the terminal guidance constraints.Finally,extensive numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed PPTCGL in both the nominal cases and the Monte Carlo test.展开更多
This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid(MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet.Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The m...This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid(MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet.Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The motion of the fluid is taken as two-dimensional with the impact of a magnetic field in the normal direction. The variable, permeable, and stretching nature of sheet's surface sets the fluid into motion. Thermal and mass diffusions are controlled through the use of the Cattaneo–Christov flux model. A dataset is generated using MATLAB bvp4c package solver and employed to train an artificial neural network(ANN) based on the Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation(LMBP) algorithm. It has been observed as an outcome of this study that the modeled problem achieves peak performance at epochs 637, 112, 4848, and 344 using ANN-LMBP. The linear velocity of the fluid weakens with progression in variable porous and magnetic factors.With an augmentation in magnetic factor, the micro-rotational velocity profiles are augmented on the domain 0 ≤ η < 1.5 due to the support of micro-rotations by Lorentz forces close to the sheet's surface, while they are suppressed on the domain 1.5 ≤ η < 6.0 due to opposing micro-rotations away from the sheet's surface. Thermal distributions are augmented with an upsurge in thermophoresis, Brownian motion, magnetic, and radiation factors, while they are suppressed with an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter. Concentration profiles increase with an expansion in thermophoresis factor and are suppressed with an intensification of Brownian motion factor and solute relaxation factor. The absolute errors(AEs) are evaluated for all the four scenarios that fall within the range 10-3–10-8 and are associated with the corresponding ANN configuration that demonstrates a fine degree of accuracy.展开更多
With the rapid development of electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable integration,the demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has significantly increased with high expectations on enhanced energy density,cycle stabil...With the rapid development of electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable integration,the demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has significantly increased with high expectations on enhanced energy density,cycle stability,and failure resilience.Electrochemical models(EMs),serving as pivotal mechanismdriven analytical frameworks in battery research and applications,demonstrate unprecedented quantitative fidelity in characterizing intricate multi-physics dynamics for the next-generation battery management systems(BMS).The breakthrough innovations in artificial intelligence(AI)driven methods have revolutionized the dynamic modeling of LIBs.However,the deployment of AI-augmented EMs in BMS faces significant identifiability challenges due to strong parameter coupling.In addition,research on model simplification,parameter determination,and dynamic parameter identification remains largely fragmented.There is a lack of a comprehensive review to pave the way for the cross-domain innovations in BMS.To fill this gap,this paper presents a systematic review of the EMs for LIBs and examines the advancements in parameter determination techniques from both experimental measurement and numerical simulation perspectives.Besides,a comprehensive assessment of the progress in parameter identification from the standpoint of dynamic recognition is presented,encompassing both modelbased approaches and intelligent methods.Additionally,from the BMS standpoint,the strengths and limitations of existing approaches are evaluated.Finally,a coordinated framework for multi-stage identification needs to be established in the future.The potential of digital twins(DT),deep reinforcement learning(DRL),and large language models(LLMs)in enhancing EMs also warrants further exploration.The purpose of this work is to provide insights and guidance for the future development of EMs in LIB applications.展开更多
Northeast China serves as an important crop production region.Accurately forecasting summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC-PR)has been a challenge due to its wide range of time scales influenced by varying clima...Northeast China serves as an important crop production region.Accurately forecasting summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC-PR)has been a challenge due to its wide range of time scales influenced by varying climatic conditions.This study presents a scale separation hybrid statistical model with recurrent neural network(SS-RNN)to predict the summer monthly NEC-PR.The SS-RNN model decomposes the multiple scales of the NEC-PR into several spatiotemporal intrinsic mode functions covering annual to decadal time scales.This strategy provides a way to derive appropriate predictors and establish predictive models for the primary spatial modes of the NEC-PR at various time scales.Our results demonstrate substantial improvements by the SS-RNN model in predicting the summer monthly NEC-PR as compared with dynamic models,particularly in predicting the spatial pattern of the NEC-PR.In this paper we take August,the month of the highest NEC-PR,to assess our model skill.Independent forecasts of the August NEC-PR over the period 2021–24 achieve significant spatial anomaly correlation coefficients,reaching a maximum value of 0.83.Additional verifications by station observations show that the model hits most station anomalies,achieving a mean predictive skill score of 90.展开更多
Effective maintenance of railway infrastructure is crucial for safe and comfortable transportation.Among the various degradation modes,track geometry deformation due to repeated loading significantly impacts operation...Effective maintenance of railway infrastructure is crucial for safe and comfortable transportation.Among the various degradation modes,track geometry deformation due to repeated loading significantly impacts operational safety.Detecting and maintaining acceptable track geometry involve the use of track recording vehicles(TRVs)that inspect and record geometric parameters.This study aims to develop a novel track geometry degradation model that considers multiple indicators and their correlations,accounting for both imperfect manual and mechanized tamping.A multivariate Wiener model is formulated to capture the characteristics of track geometry degradation.To address data limitations,a hierarchical Bayesian approach with Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)simulation is employed.This research contributes to the analysis of a multivariate predictive model,which considers the correlation between the degradation rates of multiple indicators,providing insights for rail operators and new track-monitoring systems.The model’s performance is validated through a real-world case study on a commuter track in Queensland,Australia,using actual data and independent test datasets.Additionally,the study demonstrates the application of the proposed multivariate degradation model in developing a condition-based inspection policy for track geometry,potentially reducing the number of TRVs runs while maintaining abnormal detection levels and failure rates.展开更多
In this paper,the N-soliton solutions for the massive Thirring model(MTM)in laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.The direct scattering including the analyticity,symmetries,and asympt...In this paper,the N-soliton solutions for the massive Thirring model(MTM)in laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.The direct scattering including the analyticity,symmetries,and asymptotic behaviors of the Jost solutions as|λ|→∞andλ→0 are given.Considering that the scattering coefficients have simple zeros,the matrix RH problem,reconstruction formulas and corresponding trace formulas are also derived.Further,the N-soliton solutions in the reflectionless case are obtained explicitly in the form of determinants.The propagation characteristics of one-soliton solutions and interaction properties of two-soliton solutions are discussed.In particular,the asymptotic expressions of two-soliton solutions as|t|→∞are obtained,which show that the velocities and amplitudes of the asymptotic solitons do not change before and after interaction except the position shifts.In addition,three types of bounded states for two-soliton solutions are presented with certain parametric conditions.展开更多
We propose an eigen microstate approach(EMA)for analyzing quantum phase transitions in quantum many-body systems,introducing a novel framework that does not require prior knowledge of an order parameter.Using the tran...We propose an eigen microstate approach(EMA)for analyzing quantum phase transitions in quantum many-body systems,introducing a novel framework that does not require prior knowledge of an order parameter.Using the transversefield Ising model(TFIM)as a case study,we demonstrate the effectiveness of EMA by identifying key features of the phase transition through the scaling behavior of eigenvalues and the structure of associated eigen microstates.Our results reveal substantial changes in the ground state of the TFIM as it undergoes a phase transition,as reflected in the behavior of specific componentsξi(k)within the eigen microstates.This method is expected to be applicable to other quantum systems where predefining an order parameter is challenging.展开更多
In this work,we integrated the multiple time step(MTS)approach with the generalized Born(GB)implicit solvent model for molecular dynamics(MD)simulations of protein systems.The total forces for the protein systems can ...In this work,we integrated the multiple time step(MTS)approach with the generalized Born(GB)implicit solvent model for molecular dynamics(MD)simulations of protein systems.The total forces for the protein systems can be decomposed into two terms:slow forces corresponding to the solvation energy term in GB,and fast forces relevant to potential energy in vacuum.An integrator with the reversible Trotter decomposition scheme,in which the former is determined each N steps and used for the next N1 steps,was performed on MD simulations of four protein systems with different secondary structures.It was observed that the results using MTS until N=4 are in good agreement with the reference simulations in which each force term is updated at each step.We further compared the performances of four widelyused GB models:STILL,HCT,OBC and GRYCUK,in the framework of GB-MTS.The influence of different Born radius calculation methods is usually more significant than that of the MTS approach.展开更多
Accurate frequency-domain characterization is essential for reliable modeling of photonic integrated circuits(PICs).In practice,PIC measurements are often performed using a tunable laser and an optical power meter,pro...Accurate frequency-domain characterization is essential for reliable modeling of photonic integrated circuits(PICs).In practice,PIC measurements are often performed using a tunable laser and an optical power meter,providing only magnitude responses and no phase information,which hinders the construction of physically consistent frequency-and time-domain models.This paper presents a robust approach that directly constructs rational models from magnitude-only frequency responses,ensuring that the resulting models share the same magnitude response as the PIC under study.Unlike existing methods based on magnitude-squared fitting and spectral factorization,which are frequently degraded by imaginary-axis zeros,the proposed method synthesizes a minimum-phase realization by explicitly handling these zeros.The synthesized phase is not the true physical phase;however,it is consistent with the Kramers–Kronig relations corresponding to the given magnitude response,thereby enabling the direct use of standard S-parameter approximation techniques to generate rational behavioral models.The resulting models can be applied to modulated signal transmission simulations in wavelength-division multiplexed(WDM)telecommunication scenarios.展开更多
Recently there have been two causal modelling approaches to indicative conditionals,i.e.extrapolationist(Deng&Lee,2021)and filterist(Liang&Wang,2022),although they all take an interventionist position on subju...Recently there have been two causal modelling approaches to indicative conditionals,i.e.extrapolationist(Deng&Lee,2021)and filterist(Liang&Wang,2022),although they all take an interventionist position on subjunctive conditionals.Motivated by the so-called OK pairs,they try to provide a convincing explanation of the intuition underlying the OK pairs.As far as we know,what they have done is to provide not only an explanation of the OK pairs,but also a way of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals.Although we agree with their success in explaining the OK pairs within a causal modelling framework,we argue that their ways of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals fail.Instead,we argue that their approaches can be used to distinguish between two readings of conditionals,the epistemic reading and the ontic reading.which can be applied to both indicative and subjunctive conditionals.We conclude by arguing that these two readings are related to two approaches to asking and answering causal questions:the“auses-of-effects"approach and the"effects-of-causes"approach.展开更多
This paper focuses on the numerical solution of a tumor growth model under a data-driven approach.Based on the inherent laws of the data and reasonable assumptions,an ordinary differential equation model for tumor gro...This paper focuses on the numerical solution of a tumor growth model under a data-driven approach.Based on the inherent laws of the data and reasonable assumptions,an ordinary differential equation model for tumor growth is established.Nonlinear fitting is employed to obtain the optimal parameter estimation of the mathematical model,and the numerical solution is carried out using the Matlab software.By comparing the clinical data with the simulation results,a good agreement is achieved,which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the model.展开更多
Social development puts forward higher requirements for students’English application ability and cultural literacy.This study proposes an innovative“3+2+1”blended teaching model integrating the production-oriented ...Social development puts forward higher requirements for students’English application ability and cultural literacy.This study proposes an innovative“3+2+1”blended teaching model integrating the production-oriented approach(POA)to address key challenges in college English cultural courses at application-oriented universities.The model combines three phases(pre-class,in-class,and post-class),two dimensions(online resources and offline interaction),and one overarching goal(all-round education).Through experimental implementation at three universities,results demonstrated significant improvements in student satisfaction,autonomous learning engagement,and crosscultural competence.This research provides a replicable template for enhancing both linguistic proficiency and cultural confidence in EFL contexts.展开更多
Groundwater modeling remains challenging due to heterogeneity and complexity of aquifer systems,necessitating endeavors to quantify Groundwater Levels(GWL)dynamics to inform policymakers and hydrogeologists.This study...Groundwater modeling remains challenging due to heterogeneity and complexity of aquifer systems,necessitating endeavors to quantify Groundwater Levels(GWL)dynamics to inform policymakers and hydrogeologists.This study introduces a novel Fuzzy Nonlinear Additive Regression(FNAR)model to predict monthly GWL in an unconfined aquifer in eastern Iran,using a 19-year(1998–2017)dataset from 11 piezometric wells.Under three distinct scenarios with progressively increasing input complexity,the study utilized readily available climate data,including Precipitation(Prc),Temperature(Tave),Relative Humidity(RH),and Evapotranspiration(ETo).The dataset was split into training(70%)and validation(30%)subsets.Results showed that among three input scenarios,Scenario 3(Sc3,incorporating all four variables)achieved the best predictive performance,with RMSE ranging from 0.305 m to 0.768 m,MAE from 0.203 m to 0.522 m,NSE from 0.661 to 0.980,and PBIAS from 0.771%to 0.981%,indicating low bias and high reliability.However,Sc2(excluding ETo)with RMSE ranging from 0.4226 m to 0.9909 m,MAE from 0.3418 m to 0.8173 m,NSE from 0.2831 to 0.9674,and PBIAS from−0.598%to 0.968%across different months offers practical advantages in data-scarce settings.The FNAR model outperforms conventional Fuzzy Least Squares Regression(FLSR)and holds promise for GWL forecasting in data-scarce regions where physical or numerical models are impractical.Future research should focus on integrating FNAR with deep learning algorithms and real-time data assimilation expanding applications across diverse hydrogeological settings.展开更多
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ-OA),the most common degenerative disease of the TMJ,is influenced by various adaptive,inflammatory,and mechanical stressors.In this study,we describe molecular alterations of...Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ-OA),the most common degenerative disease of the TMJ,is influenced by various adaptive,inflammatory,and mechanical stressors.In this study,we describe molecular alterations of the synovium of the articular disk in response to mechanical and inflammatory stimuli.Using an integrated transcriptomic approach combining subcellular spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing in murine models of mechanical stress and articular disk derangement,we characterized synovial changes associated with adipogenesis,fibrosis,and macrophage activation.In addition,cell type–and cluster–specific catabolic changes were observed under these stress conditions,suggesting potential contributions to TMJ-OA onset.These results provide a methodology-oriented resource for investigating the molecular pathology of TMJ disorders and may help guide future studies toward the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technologies,addressing persistent challenges within traditional English instruction for postgraduate students has become imperative.Responding to these pedagog...With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technologies,addressing persistent challenges within traditional English instruction for postgraduate students has become imperative.Responding to these pedagogical shortcomings,this study integrates AI tools into an instructional framework that synergizes the Production-Oriented Approach(POA)with the 5E instructional model(Engage,Explore,Explain,Elaborate,Evaluate).Grounded in the principles of student-centered and leveraging the guiding role of instructors,this hybrid model facilitates active knowledge construction among learners.Consequently,it establishes an intelligent,output-driven,and discipline-integrated teaching loop designed to enhance students’intrinsic motivation for English learning and improve their proficiency in Academic English communication.展开更多
This paper focuses on the development of smart construction sites, providing a detailed exploration of how IoT technology can drive innovation and improvement in management practices. It first clarifies the fundamenta...This paper focuses on the development of smart construction sites, providing a detailed exploration of how IoT technology can drive innovation and improvement in management practices. It first clarifies the fundamental concepts and historical context of smart construction sites, emphasizing the critical role of IoT data in enhancing the precision and intelligence of site management. The study further highlights that such management enhancements have become an inevitable trend. Addressing prominent challenges in current smart construction management—including decentralized data collection, severe information silos, low collaboration efficiency between systems, and traditional methods' inadequacy in meeting dynamic construction demands—the paper conducts thorough analysis and research. To tackle these issues, researchers have developed a data-driven management improvement framework supported by IoT technologies. This system encompasses comprehensive implementation strategies for data collection and transmission, establishment of a unified data center integrating multi-source information, and advanced data applications throughout the entire construction process. The paper elaborates on leveraging data to drive management innovation, proposing concrete implementation approaches such as real-time monitoring of worker conditions, machinery operations, and material usage patterns with proactive risk alerts. Finally, it advocates for data sharing to facilitate efficient collaboration among project stakeholders, optimize resource allocation, and ensure successful project execution and achievement of objectives. This paper conducts an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the practical effectiveness of innovative management models, focusing on specific measures to ensure data security and effectively promote standardization.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62573024)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(No.4242041)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chinathe Project of National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology in Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.WR202404)。
摘要This paper presents a Three-Dimensional(3D)cooperative guidance law with Practical Predefined-Time(PPT)convergence for multiple missiles considering approach angle(terminal lineof-sight)and simultaneous arrival constraints.To achieve a salvo attack against a maneuvering target from various directions,the guidance problem is tackled by addressing two critical factors:ensuring that the time-of-arrival is consistent and that the desired approach angles can be met.Considering the short duration of the homing guidance process,the convergence with predefined time for guidance states(especially the approach angle and time-to-go)is factored in.First,for the simultaneous arrival,a PPT guidance law is developed,which can meet the same time-to-go convergence rate in the Line-of-Sight(LOS)direction.Then,in the normal LOS direction,a 3D PPT guidance law is presented considering the approach angle constraint so that the desired approach angles can be reached within a user-designed time.The time-based generator technique is employed in the proposed PPT Cooperative Guidance Law(PPTCGL)to avoid the time-varying gain singularity issue.Notably,this technique can allow the convergence time to be preset in advance,independent of initial system conditions and tuning parameters.Additionally,to avoid excessive gain and improve the robustness of guidance law,a PPT disturbance observer is designed against uncertainties and target maneuvers so that the guidance system perturbation can be compensated in real time.It is userfriendly that the convergence of disturbance estimation can be met with a flexible pre-setting time before achieving the terminal guidance constraints.Finally,extensive numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed PPTCGL in both the nominal cases and the Monte Carlo test.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through large Research Group Project (Grant No. RGP2/198/45)Project supported by Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (Grant No. PSAU/2025/R/1446)。
摘要This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid(MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet.Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The motion of the fluid is taken as two-dimensional with the impact of a magnetic field in the normal direction. The variable, permeable, and stretching nature of sheet's surface sets the fluid into motion. Thermal and mass diffusions are controlled through the use of the Cattaneo–Christov flux model. A dataset is generated using MATLAB bvp4c package solver and employed to train an artificial neural network(ANN) based on the Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation(LMBP) algorithm. It has been observed as an outcome of this study that the modeled problem achieves peak performance at epochs 637, 112, 4848, and 344 using ANN-LMBP. The linear velocity of the fluid weakens with progression in variable porous and magnetic factors.With an augmentation in magnetic factor, the micro-rotational velocity profiles are augmented on the domain 0 ≤ η < 1.5 due to the support of micro-rotations by Lorentz forces close to the sheet's surface, while they are suppressed on the domain 1.5 ≤ η < 6.0 due to opposing micro-rotations away from the sheet's surface. Thermal distributions are augmented with an upsurge in thermophoresis, Brownian motion, magnetic, and radiation factors, while they are suppressed with an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter. Concentration profiles increase with an expansion in thermophoresis factor and are suppressed with an intensification of Brownian motion factor and solute relaxation factor. The absolute errors(AEs) are evaluated for all the four scenarios that fall within the range 10-3–10-8 and are associated with the corresponding ANN configuration that demonstrates a fine degree of accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52477222)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GX-YBXM-442)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program under Grant(2022B01019-2)。
摘要With the rapid development of electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable integration,the demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has significantly increased with high expectations on enhanced energy density,cycle stability,and failure resilience.Electrochemical models(EMs),serving as pivotal mechanismdriven analytical frameworks in battery research and applications,demonstrate unprecedented quantitative fidelity in characterizing intricate multi-physics dynamics for the next-generation battery management systems(BMS).The breakthrough innovations in artificial intelligence(AI)driven methods have revolutionized the dynamic modeling of LIBs.However,the deployment of AI-augmented EMs in BMS faces significant identifiability challenges due to strong parameter coupling.In addition,research on model simplification,parameter determination,and dynamic parameter identification remains largely fragmented.There is a lack of a comprehensive review to pave the way for the cross-domain innovations in BMS.To fill this gap,this paper presents a systematic review of the EMs for LIBs and examines the advancements in parameter determination techniques from both experimental measurement and numerical simulation perspectives.Besides,a comprehensive assessment of the progress in parameter identification from the standpoint of dynamic recognition is presented,encompassing both modelbased approaches and intelligent methods.Additionally,from the BMS standpoint,the strengths and limitations of existing approaches are evaluated.Finally,a coordinated framework for multi-stage identification needs to be established in the future.The potential of digital twins(DT),deep reinforcement learning(DRL),and large language models(LLMs)in enhancing EMs also warrants further exploration.The purpose of this work is to provide insights and guidance for the future development of EMs in LIB applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3002803)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF0808402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42375169)。
摘要Northeast China serves as an important crop production region.Accurately forecasting summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC-PR)has been a challenge due to its wide range of time scales influenced by varying climatic conditions.This study presents a scale separation hybrid statistical model with recurrent neural network(SS-RNN)to predict the summer monthly NEC-PR.The SS-RNN model decomposes the multiple scales of the NEC-PR into several spatiotemporal intrinsic mode functions covering annual to decadal time scales.This strategy provides a way to derive appropriate predictors and establish predictive models for the primary spatial modes of the NEC-PR at various time scales.Our results demonstrate substantial improvements by the SS-RNN model in predicting the summer monthly NEC-PR as compared with dynamic models,particularly in predicting the spatial pattern of the NEC-PR.In this paper we take August,the month of the highest NEC-PR,to assess our model skill.Independent forecasts of the August NEC-PR over the period 2021–24 achieve significant spatial anomaly correlation coefficients,reaching a maximum value of 0.83.Additional verifications by station observations show that the model hits most station anomalies,achieving a mean predictive skill score of 90.
基金the Australian Research Council(ARC)Linkage Project LP200100382.
摘要Effective maintenance of railway infrastructure is crucial for safe and comfortable transportation.Among the various degradation modes,track geometry deformation due to repeated loading significantly impacts operational safety.Detecting and maintaining acceptable track geometry involve the use of track recording vehicles(TRVs)that inspect and record geometric parameters.This study aims to develop a novel track geometry degradation model that considers multiple indicators and their correlations,accounting for both imperfect manual and mechanized tamping.A multivariate Wiener model is formulated to capture the characteristics of track geometry degradation.To address data limitations,a hierarchical Bayesian approach with Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)simulation is employed.This research contributes to the analysis of a multivariate predictive model,which considers the correlation between the degradation rates of multiple indicators,providing insights for rail operators and new track-monitoring systems.The model’s performance is validated through a real-world case study on a commuter track in Queensland,Australia,using actual data and independent test datasets.Additionally,the study demonstrates the application of the proposed multivariate degradation model in developing a condition-based inspection policy for track geometry,potentially reducing the number of TRVs runs while maintaining abnormal detection levels and failure rates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12475003 and11705284)by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant Nos.1232022 and 1212007)。
摘要In this paper,the N-soliton solutions for the massive Thirring model(MTM)in laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.The direct scattering including the analyticity,symmetries,and asymptotic behaviors of the Jost solutions as|λ|→∞andλ→0 are given.Considering that the scattering coefficients have simple zeros,the matrix RH problem,reconstruction formulas and corresponding trace formulas are also derived.Further,the N-soliton solutions in the reflectionless case are obtained explicitly in the form of determinants.The propagation characteristics of one-soliton solutions and interaction properties of two-soliton solutions are discussed.In particular,the asymptotic expressions of two-soliton solutions as|t|→∞are obtained,which show that the velocities and amplitudes of the asymptotic solitons do not change before and after interaction except the position shifts.In addition,three types of bounded states for two-soliton solutions are presented with certain parametric conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12475033,12135003,12174194,and 12405032)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0109000)+1 种基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupport from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M730299).
摘要We propose an eigen microstate approach(EMA)for analyzing quantum phase transitions in quantum many-body systems,introducing a novel framework that does not require prior knowledge of an order parameter.Using the transversefield Ising model(TFIM)as a case study,we demonstrate the effectiveness of EMA by identifying key features of the phase transition through the scaling behavior of eigenvalues and the structure of associated eigen microstates.Our results reveal substantial changes in the ground state of the TFIM as it undergoes a phase transition,as reflected in the behavior of specific componentsξi(k)within the eigen microstates.This method is expected to be applicable to other quantum systems where predefining an order parameter is challenging.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0709400)the Key Science and Technology Project of Jinhua City(2023-1-093)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ23B030001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
摘要In this work,we integrated the multiple time step(MTS)approach with the generalized Born(GB)implicit solvent model for molecular dynamics(MD)simulations of protein systems.The total forces for the protein systems can be decomposed into two terms:slow forces corresponding to the solvation energy term in GB,and fast forces relevant to potential energy in vacuum.An integrator with the reversible Trotter decomposition scheme,in which the former is determined each N steps and used for the next N1 steps,was performed on MD simulations of four protein systems with different secondary structures.It was observed that the results using MTS until N=4 are in good agreement with the reference simulations in which each force term is updated at each step.We further compared the performances of four widelyused GB models:STILL,HCT,OBC and GRYCUK,in the framework of GB-MTS.The influence of different Born radius calculation methods is usually more significant than that of the MTS approach.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205075,62165003)Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(ZD[2026]053)。
摘要Accurate frequency-domain characterization is essential for reliable modeling of photonic integrated circuits(PICs).In practice,PIC measurements are often performed using a tunable laser and an optical power meter,providing only magnitude responses and no phase information,which hinders the construction of physically consistent frequency-and time-domain models.This paper presents a robust approach that directly constructs rational models from magnitude-only frequency responses,ensuring that the resulting models share the same magnitude response as the PIC under study.Unlike existing methods based on magnitude-squared fitting and spectral factorization,which are frequently degraded by imaginary-axis zeros,the proposed method synthesizes a minimum-phase realization by explicitly handling these zeros.The synthesized phase is not the true physical phase;however,it is consistent with the Kramers–Kronig relations corresponding to the given magnitude response,thereby enabling the direct use of standard S-parameter approximation techniques to generate rational behavioral models.The resulting models can be applied to modulated signal transmission simulations in wavelength-division multiplexed(WDM)telecommunication scenarios.
基金supported by China’s MOE project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities(22JJD720021)the project of Shandong University(11090087395308).
摘要Recently there have been two causal modelling approaches to indicative conditionals,i.e.extrapolationist(Deng&Lee,2021)and filterist(Liang&Wang,2022),although they all take an interventionist position on subjunctive conditionals.Motivated by the so-called OK pairs,they try to provide a convincing explanation of the intuition underlying the OK pairs.As far as we know,what they have done is to provide not only an explanation of the OK pairs,but also a way of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals.Although we agree with their success in explaining the OK pairs within a causal modelling framework,we argue that their ways of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals fail.Instead,we argue that their approaches can be used to distinguish between two readings of conditionals,the epistemic reading and the ontic reading.which can be applied to both indicative and subjunctive conditionals.We conclude by arguing that these two readings are related to two approaches to asking and answering causal questions:the“auses-of-effects"approach and the"effects-of-causes"approach.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.:12371428)Projects of the Provincial College Students’Innovation and Training Program in 2024(Project No.:S202413023106,S202413023110)。
摘要This paper focuses on the numerical solution of a tumor growth model under a data-driven approach.Based on the inherent laws of the data and reasonable assumptions,an ordinary differential equation model for tumor growth is established.Nonlinear fitting is employed to obtain the optimal parameter estimation of the mathematical model,and the numerical solution is carried out using the Matlab software.By comparing the clinical data with the simulation results,a good agreement is achieved,which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the model.
基金The 2024 Ministry of Education Industry-University Cooperation Collaborative Education Project:“Intelligent-Driven Innovation in College English Intercultural Talent Cultivation Models from a New Liberal Arts Perspective”(2412112116)The 2025 Ministry of Education Supply-Demand Matching Employment Education Program(Phase IV):“Research on the Cultivation Model of‘English+Artificial Intelligence’Interdisciplinary Talents Based on Industry Demand”(2025032560246)The 2025 Ministry of Education Industry-University Cooperation Collaborative Education Project:“Research on the Cultivation Path of Craftsmanship Spirit among University Teachers in the Context of Industry-University Collaboration”(2505164755)。
摘要Social development puts forward higher requirements for students’English application ability and cultural literacy.This study proposes an innovative“3+2+1”blended teaching model integrating the production-oriented approach(POA)to address key challenges in college English cultural courses at application-oriented universities.The model combines three phases(pre-class,in-class,and post-class),two dimensions(online resources and offline interaction),and one overarching goal(all-round education).Through experimental implementation at three universities,results demonstrated significant improvements in student satisfaction,autonomous learning engagement,and crosscultural competence.This research provides a replicable template for enhancing both linguistic proficiency and cultural confidence in EFL contexts.
基金supported by the Iran National Science Foundation(INSF)the University of Birjand under grant number 4034771.
摘要Groundwater modeling remains challenging due to heterogeneity and complexity of aquifer systems,necessitating endeavors to quantify Groundwater Levels(GWL)dynamics to inform policymakers and hydrogeologists.This study introduces a novel Fuzzy Nonlinear Additive Regression(FNAR)model to predict monthly GWL in an unconfined aquifer in eastern Iran,using a 19-year(1998–2017)dataset from 11 piezometric wells.Under three distinct scenarios with progressively increasing input complexity,the study utilized readily available climate data,including Precipitation(Prc),Temperature(Tave),Relative Humidity(RH),and Evapotranspiration(ETo).The dataset was split into training(70%)and validation(30%)subsets.Results showed that among three input scenarios,Scenario 3(Sc3,incorporating all four variables)achieved the best predictive performance,with RMSE ranging from 0.305 m to 0.768 m,MAE from 0.203 m to 0.522 m,NSE from 0.661 to 0.980,and PBIAS from 0.771%to 0.981%,indicating low bias and high reliability.However,Sc2(excluding ETo)with RMSE ranging from 0.4226 m to 0.9909 m,MAE from 0.3418 m to 0.8173 m,NSE from 0.2831 to 0.9674,and PBIAS from−0.598%to 0.968%across different months offers practical advantages in data-scarce settings.The FNAR model outperforms conventional Fuzzy Least Squares Regression(FLSR)and holds promise for GWL forecasting in data-scarce regions where physical or numerical models are impractical.Future research should focus on integrating FNAR with deep learning algorithms and real-time data assimilation expanding applications across diverse hydrogeological settings.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 23K27796(to F.Y.),21KK0155(to F.Y.),and JP22H04925(PAGS)(to Y.S.and F.Y.)The Nakatomi Foundation(to K.S.)Young Investigator Award from the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research(to K.S.).
摘要Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ-OA),the most common degenerative disease of the TMJ,is influenced by various adaptive,inflammatory,and mechanical stressors.In this study,we describe molecular alterations of the synovium of the articular disk in response to mechanical and inflammatory stimuli.Using an integrated transcriptomic approach combining subcellular spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing in murine models of mechanical stress and articular disk derangement,we characterized synovial changes associated with adipogenesis,fibrosis,and macrophage activation.In addition,cell type–and cluster–specific catabolic changes were observed under these stress conditions,suggesting potential contributions to TMJ-OA onset.These results provide a methodology-oriented resource for investigating the molecular pathology of TMJ disorders and may help guide future studies toward the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
基金the national social science fund of China(Chinese Academic Translation)(Project No.23WYSB002)the research results of the project“A Study on the 5E(Engage+Explore+Explain+Elaborate+Evaluate)Mode for Cultivating International Talents Through Cooperation Based on the English Curriculum for Master’s and Doctoral Students at Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology”(Project No.NHFZ20252363).
摘要With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technologies,addressing persistent challenges within traditional English instruction for postgraduate students has become imperative.Responding to these pedagogical shortcomings,this study integrates AI tools into an instructional framework that synergizes the Production-Oriented Approach(POA)with the 5E instructional model(Engage,Explore,Explain,Elaborate,Evaluate).Grounded in the principles of student-centered and leveraging the guiding role of instructors,this hybrid model facilitates active knowledge construction among learners.Consequently,it establishes an intelligent,output-driven,and discipline-integrated teaching loop designed to enhance students’intrinsic motivation for English learning and improve their proficiency in Academic English communication.
摘要This paper focuses on the development of smart construction sites, providing a detailed exploration of how IoT technology can drive innovation and improvement in management practices. It first clarifies the fundamental concepts and historical context of smart construction sites, emphasizing the critical role of IoT data in enhancing the precision and intelligence of site management. The study further highlights that such management enhancements have become an inevitable trend. Addressing prominent challenges in current smart construction management—including decentralized data collection, severe information silos, low collaboration efficiency between systems, and traditional methods' inadequacy in meeting dynamic construction demands—the paper conducts thorough analysis and research. To tackle these issues, researchers have developed a data-driven management improvement framework supported by IoT technologies. This system encompasses comprehensive implementation strategies for data collection and transmission, establishment of a unified data center integrating multi-source information, and advanced data applications throughout the entire construction process. The paper elaborates on leveraging data to drive management innovation, proposing concrete implementation approaches such as real-time monitoring of worker conditions, machinery operations, and material usage patterns with proactive risk alerts. Finally, it advocates for data sharing to facilitate efficient collaboration among project stakeholders, optimize resource allocation, and ensure successful project execution and achievement of objectives. This paper conducts an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the practical effectiveness of innovative management models, focusing on specific measures to ensure data security and effectively promote standardization.