Power demand is increasing in all sectors of the developing nations;however,the inadequate and disproportionate generation and distribution resources create a burden for the authorities to efficiently manage the power...Power demand is increasing in all sectors of the developing nations;however,the inadequate and disproportionate generation and distribution resources create a burden for the authorities to efficiently manage the power grid.This results in network overloading and consequent blackouts.To efficiently manage the resources,short-term consumption modeling(using physical or data-based models)is mandatory.Physical models,in contrast to the data-based models,are generally complex and difficult to be used for automatic control strategies for the grid.However,for the latter,there is generally a lack of data availability in the developing nations,as energy measurements are taken just once a month for billing purposes.A recent study conducted consumption measurements,at a high sampling rate,of 42 residential houses from different neighborhoods in Lahore,Pakistan.As mentioned earlier,such a dataset is rare in the developing nations,therefore,leverage the availability of this data set and perform SARIMA(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average)and ARIMA(autoregressive integrated moving average)based time series modelling of the consumption.Furthermore,for a wider applicability of the results,this work also includes clustering of the houses based on the parameters such as power consumption in different seasons,number of occupants,structural attributes,demographics,and household appliances.Hierarchical clustering with complete linkage was used to derive household groups,Euclidean distance was applied as the similarity metric,and silhouette analysis validated cluster compactness and separation.We report models of different groups of residential houses,categorized with respect to the aforementioned parameters,to facilitate the operators for efficient power management.The findings in this paper are supported by a variety of simulation results,across 41 households,the dataset was split into training and testing sets,corresponding to 93–7%for the 24-h horizon and 82–18%for the 72-h horizon,which showed that SARIMA consistently outperformed ARIMA,reducing errors for 24-h(MAE:0.30→0.23 kW,RMSE:0.40→0.32 kW,MAPE:36.9→28.3%)and 72-h horizons(MAE:0.39→0.32 kW,RMSE:0.51→0.41 kW,MAPE:49.1→39.54%)and yielding lower AICc values.Clustering validation using silhouette widths(0.13–0.25)confirmed the robustness of identified household groups.展开更多
This paper studies the problem of privacy preservation in achieving the average consensus of dynamic Multi-Agent Systems(MAS).Average consensus performs an essential role in dynamic MAS to promote collaboration,coordi...This paper studies the problem of privacy preservation in achieving the average consensus of dynamic Multi-Agent Systems(MAS).Average consensus performs an essential role in dynamic MAS to promote collaboration,coordinate decision-making,resolve conflicts,and enhance system reliability.The process of achieving average consensus requires the information exchange between agents,which raises concerns about sensitive data leakage.To address this issue,we propose a novel algorithm that combines state decomposition with edge characteristics in network topology to protect the critical data during the average consensus process.Specifically,the original state of each agent is decomposed into|Ni|+1 substates,where|Ni|represents the number of neighboring nodes.For each agent,the public substate performs the function of the original state to participate in computation and interaction between other agents,while the private parts only interact with the first one of the same agent and keep invisible to other agents.Unlike other approaches that focus solely on the privacy preservation of agents'initial state information,this paper extends to dynamic state of agents at every moment.Next,rigorous proofs of the accuracy in average consensus are provided.Furthermore,it is shown that privacy can be protected by employing our algorithm if agent i has at least one neighbor who is not an honest-but-curious agent.As for external eavesdroppers,a sufficient condition is presented that the state information is not estimated with any guaranteed accuracy.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of our approach.展开更多
Background:Osteoarthritis(OA),the most prevalent joint disease and a leading cause of disability globally,has its disease burden inadequately captured by body mass index(BMI).As the sole quantified risk factor in curr...Background:Osteoarthritis(OA),the most prevalent joint disease and a leading cause of disability globally,has its disease burden inadequately captured by body mass index(BMI).As the sole quantified risk factor in current Global Burden of Disease estimates,BMI accounted for only 20%of OA burden.A critical limitation of BMI is its inability to distinguish fat distribution patterns,particularly abdominal adiposity,which is increasingly recognized as a key driver of metabolic and musculoskeletal pathologies.Herein,we hypothesize that anthropometric indicators reflecting central adiposity,such as average sagittal abdominal diameter(ASAD),may outperform BMI in predicting OA risk,especially when considering sex and age differences.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed 27,791 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants(1999-2023)with complete OA diagnosis,anthropometric,and metabolic data.Participants were stratified by sex and age(40-year cutoff).Multivariable logistic regression,adjusted for confounders,estimated predictor-OA associations via stan-dardized odds ratios(sORs),and these associations were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC).Data were split into training(70%)and validation(30%)sets,with DeLong's test comparing different predictors against BMI.Results:In the overall population,ASAD showed a stronger association with OA(sOR=1.483)than BMI(sOR=1.436),with comparable validation AUROC(ASAD:0.857;BMI:0.854).Sex-stratified analysis revealed that BMI was the optimal predictor for males(sOR=1.466;validation AUROC=0.844),while ASAD outperformed BMI in females(sOR=1.486 vs.1.450;validation AUROC=O.865 vs.0.863).Further age stratification revealed that in males under 40,both BMI(sOR=1.26l;validation AUROC=0.750)and ASAD(sOR=1.194;validation AUROC=0.889)were the strongest predictors,and that ASAD(sOR=1.490;validation AUROC=0.769)and BMI(sOR=1.482;validation AUROC=0.736)remained strong for males aged 40 and above.In age-stratified analyses of females,ASAD showed the strongest consistent association with OA risk,both in participants under 40(sOR=1.472;validation AUROC=0.801)and those aged 40 and above(sOR=1.421;validation AUROC=0.764).Conclusions:ASAD emerges as a superior predictor for females and a competitive population-level complement to BMI.BMI remains an optimal OA predictor for males.Within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey framework,these findings underscore the necessity of integrating abdominal adiposity metrics,particularly ASAD,into OA risk assessment to improve sex-specific prevention strategies.展开更多
In this paper,using the ensemble-averaged theory,we define the thermodynamic free energy of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet(EGB)black holes in anti-de Sitter(Ad S)spacetime.This approach derives the gravitational partition func...In this paper,using the ensemble-averaged theory,we define the thermodynamic free energy of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet(EGB)black holes in anti-de Sitter(Ad S)spacetime.This approach derives the gravitational partition function by incorporating non-saddle geometries besides the classical solutions.Unlike the sharp transition points seen in free energy calculated via saddlepoint approximation,the ensemble-averaged free energy plotted against temperature shows a smoother behavior,suggesting that black hole phase transitions may be viewed as a small-GN(Newton's gravitational constant)limit of the ensemble theory.This is similar to the behavior of black hole solutions in Einstein's gravity theory in Ad S spacetime.We have obtained an expression for the quantum-corrected free energy for EGB-Ad S black holes,and in the sixdimensional case,we observe a well-defined local minimum after the transition temperature which was absent in the earlier analysis of the classical free energy landscape.Furthermore,we expand the ensemble-averaged free energy in powers of GNto identify non-classical contributions.Our findings indicate that the similarities in the thermodynamic behavior between five-dimensional EGB-Ad S and Reissner-Nordström-Ad S black holes,as well as between sixdimensional EGB-Ad S and Schwarzschild-Ad S black holes,extend beyond the classical regime.展开更多
目的探讨求和自回归移动平均模型(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model,ARIMA)在石家庄市流行性腮腺炎预测预警中的应用,建立流行性腮腺炎发病预测模型。方法描述分析2014—2023年石家庄市流行性腮腺炎发病基本情况与流行...目的探讨求和自回归移动平均模型(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model,ARIMA)在石家庄市流行性腮腺炎预测预警中的应用,建立流行性腮腺炎发病预测模型。方法描述分析2014—2023年石家庄市流行性腮腺炎发病基本情况与流行病学特征,通过SPSS 27.0软件对流行性腮腺炎每月发病数进行ARIMA模型构建,利用拟合结果最优的模型对2024年月发病数进行预测并评价预测效果。结果2014—2023年石家庄市共报告流行性腮腺炎14970例,年平均发病率为13.90/10万。确立ARIMA(1,0,0)(0,1,1)12为最优模型,该模型残差通过Ljung-Box白噪声检验(Q=18.793,P=0.280),模型的平稳R2=0.789,标准化BIC=7.444,模型预测值与实际发病趋势一致,且均落于95%置信区间。结论ARIMA(1,0,0)(0,1,1)12模型拟合与预测效果情况良好,可为石家庄市流行性腮腺炎发病预测提供科学方法。展开更多
摘要Power demand is increasing in all sectors of the developing nations;however,the inadequate and disproportionate generation and distribution resources create a burden for the authorities to efficiently manage the power grid.This results in network overloading and consequent blackouts.To efficiently manage the resources,short-term consumption modeling(using physical or data-based models)is mandatory.Physical models,in contrast to the data-based models,are generally complex and difficult to be used for automatic control strategies for the grid.However,for the latter,there is generally a lack of data availability in the developing nations,as energy measurements are taken just once a month for billing purposes.A recent study conducted consumption measurements,at a high sampling rate,of 42 residential houses from different neighborhoods in Lahore,Pakistan.As mentioned earlier,such a dataset is rare in the developing nations,therefore,leverage the availability of this data set and perform SARIMA(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average)and ARIMA(autoregressive integrated moving average)based time series modelling of the consumption.Furthermore,for a wider applicability of the results,this work also includes clustering of the houses based on the parameters such as power consumption in different seasons,number of occupants,structural attributes,demographics,and household appliances.Hierarchical clustering with complete linkage was used to derive household groups,Euclidean distance was applied as the similarity metric,and silhouette analysis validated cluster compactness and separation.We report models of different groups of residential houses,categorized with respect to the aforementioned parameters,to facilitate the operators for efficient power management.The findings in this paper are supported by a variety of simulation results,across 41 households,the dataset was split into training and testing sets,corresponding to 93–7%for the 24-h horizon and 82–18%for the 72-h horizon,which showed that SARIMA consistently outperformed ARIMA,reducing errors for 24-h(MAE:0.30→0.23 kW,RMSE:0.40→0.32 kW,MAPE:36.9→28.3%)and 72-h horizons(MAE:0.39→0.32 kW,RMSE:0.51→0.41 kW,MAPE:49.1→39.54%)and yielding lower AICc values.Clustering validation using silhouette widths(0.13–0.25)confirmed the robustness of identified household groups.
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Project,China(No.2022YFB3104005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62003275)+1 种基金the Basic Research Programs(2022)of Taicang,China(No.TC2022JC17)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2021J046)。
摘要This paper studies the problem of privacy preservation in achieving the average consensus of dynamic Multi-Agent Systems(MAS).Average consensus performs an essential role in dynamic MAS to promote collaboration,coordinate decision-making,resolve conflicts,and enhance system reliability.The process of achieving average consensus requires the information exchange between agents,which raises concerns about sensitive data leakage.To address this issue,we propose a novel algorithm that combines state decomposition with edge characteristics in network topology to protect the critical data during the average consensus process.Specifically,the original state of each agent is decomposed into|Ni|+1 substates,where|Ni|represents the number of neighboring nodes.For each agent,the public substate performs the function of the original state to participate in computation and interaction between other agents,while the private parts only interact with the first one of the same agent and keep invisible to other agents.Unlike other approaches that focus solely on the privacy preservation of agents'initial state information,this paper extends to dynamic state of agents at every moment.Next,rigorous proofs of the accuracy in average consensus are provided.Furthermore,it is shown that privacy can be protected by employing our algorithm if agent i has at least one neighbor who is not an honest-but-curious agent.As for external eavesdroppers,a sufficient condition is presented that the state information is not estimated with any guaranteed accuracy.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of our approach.
基金supported in part by the Center for Neuromusculoske-letal Restorative Medicine,under the Health@InnoHK program laun-ched by the Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC),the Government of the Hong Kong SAR of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(82302753)+4 种基金the Mainland-Hong Kong Joint Funding Scheme(MHKJFS)of the Innovation and Technology Commission,the Government of the Hong Kong S.A.R.of China(MHP/101/23)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231059)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFEO209700)the Vice-Chancellor Early Career Professorship Scheme of the Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK)the Lee Quo Wei and Lee Yick Hoi Lun Professorship in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of CUHK.
摘要Background:Osteoarthritis(OA),the most prevalent joint disease and a leading cause of disability globally,has its disease burden inadequately captured by body mass index(BMI).As the sole quantified risk factor in current Global Burden of Disease estimates,BMI accounted for only 20%of OA burden.A critical limitation of BMI is its inability to distinguish fat distribution patterns,particularly abdominal adiposity,which is increasingly recognized as a key driver of metabolic and musculoskeletal pathologies.Herein,we hypothesize that anthropometric indicators reflecting central adiposity,such as average sagittal abdominal diameter(ASAD),may outperform BMI in predicting OA risk,especially when considering sex and age differences.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed 27,791 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants(1999-2023)with complete OA diagnosis,anthropometric,and metabolic data.Participants were stratified by sex and age(40-year cutoff).Multivariable logistic regression,adjusted for confounders,estimated predictor-OA associations via stan-dardized odds ratios(sORs),and these associations were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC).Data were split into training(70%)and validation(30%)sets,with DeLong's test comparing different predictors against BMI.Results:In the overall population,ASAD showed a stronger association with OA(sOR=1.483)than BMI(sOR=1.436),with comparable validation AUROC(ASAD:0.857;BMI:0.854).Sex-stratified analysis revealed that BMI was the optimal predictor for males(sOR=1.466;validation AUROC=0.844),while ASAD outperformed BMI in females(sOR=1.486 vs.1.450;validation AUROC=O.865 vs.0.863).Further age stratification revealed that in males under 40,both BMI(sOR=1.26l;validation AUROC=0.750)and ASAD(sOR=1.194;validation AUROC=0.889)were the strongest predictors,and that ASAD(sOR=1.490;validation AUROC=0.769)and BMI(sOR=1.482;validation AUROC=0.736)remained strong for males aged 40 and above.In age-stratified analyses of females,ASAD showed the strongest consistent association with OA risk,both in participants under 40(sOR=1.472;validation AUROC=0.801)and those aged 40 and above(sOR=1.421;validation AUROC=0.764).Conclusions:ASAD emerges as a superior predictor for females and a competitive population-level complement to BMI.BMI remains an optimal OA predictor for males.Within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey framework,these findings underscore the necessity of integrating abdominal adiposity metrics,particularly ASAD,into OA risk assessment to improve sex-specific prevention strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12347177,and No.12405073)project grant received under the PM USHA Scheme G.O.number G.O.(Rt)No.239/2025/HEDN dated 22.02.2025。
摘要In this paper,using the ensemble-averaged theory,we define the thermodynamic free energy of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet(EGB)black holes in anti-de Sitter(Ad S)spacetime.This approach derives the gravitational partition function by incorporating non-saddle geometries besides the classical solutions.Unlike the sharp transition points seen in free energy calculated via saddlepoint approximation,the ensemble-averaged free energy plotted against temperature shows a smoother behavior,suggesting that black hole phase transitions may be viewed as a small-GN(Newton's gravitational constant)limit of the ensemble theory.This is similar to the behavior of black hole solutions in Einstein's gravity theory in Ad S spacetime.We have obtained an expression for the quantum-corrected free energy for EGB-Ad S black holes,and in the sixdimensional case,we observe a well-defined local minimum after the transition temperature which was absent in the earlier analysis of the classical free energy landscape.Furthermore,we expand the ensemble-averaged free energy in powers of GNto identify non-classical contributions.Our findings indicate that the similarities in the thermodynamic behavior between five-dimensional EGB-Ad S and Reissner-Nordström-Ad S black holes,as well as between sixdimensional EGB-Ad S and Schwarzschild-Ad S black holes,extend beyond the classical regime.
摘要目的探讨自回归移动平均模型-长短期记忆(autoregressive integrated moving average-long short-term memory,ARIMA-LSTM)组合模型在肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)不同流行模式发病率预测中应用的可行性。方法收集1961—2020年全国HFRS年发病率、2004年1月至2020年12月全国、黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、陕西省、山东省、河北省、广东省HFRS逐月发病率数据;全国及黑龙江省作为冬峰较春峰高代表,吉林省、辽宁省作为春峰与冬峰相当代表,陕西省、山东省作为仅存在冬峰代表,河北省、广东省作为仅存在春峰代表。1961—2014年逐年发病率、2004年1月至2020年6月逐月发病率数据作为训练集,2015—2020年逐年发病率、2020年7-12月逐月发病率数据作为测试集。分别建立ARIMA模型、ARIMA-LSTM组合模型,采用平均绝对百分比误差下降率(decline rate of mean absolute percentage error,DRMAPE)、均方根误差下降率(decline rate of root mean squared error,DRRMSE)评价模型拟合及预测精度优化程度。结果全国逐年、全国及黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、陕西省、山东省、河北省、广东省逐月HFRS发病率拟合最佳ARIMA模型分别为ARIMA(2,0,0)、ARIMA(3,1,0)(2,1,1)12、ARIMA(2,0,1)(2,1,1)12、ARIMA(3,0,0)(2,1,1)12含常数项、ARIMA(2,1,1)(2,1,1)12、ARIMA(1,0,3)(1,1,0)12、ARIMA(0,1,3)(2,1,1)12、ARIMA(1,1,3)(2,0,0)12、ARIMA(3,1,1)(1,1,1)12。全国逐年、全国及黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、陕西省、山东省、河北省、广东省逐月数据建立ARIMA-LSTM组合模型较ARIMA模型拟合的DRMAPE依次为-19.57%、-46.38%、-43.27%、-46.37%、-49.70%、-48.36%、-58.23%、-35.52%、-48.74%;DRRMSE依次为-11.21%、-36.17%、-64.89%、-55.68%、-54.81%、-31.76%、-39.69%、-55.64%、-30.06%。全国逐年、全国及黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、陕西省、山东省、河北省、广东省逐月数据建立ARIMA-LSTM组合模型较ARIMA模型预测的DRMAPE依次为-11.10%、-8.69%、-19.68%、-36.17%、-55.57%、-9.44%、-14.60%、-14.22%、-9.26%;DRRMSE依次为-14.43%、-7.42%、-12.66%、-13.83%、-36.56%、10.37%、81.14%、-19.68%、-1.18%。结论ARIMA-LSTM组合模型总体在各类HFRS数据中拟合及预测效果均优于ARIMA模型,LSTM适于我国HFRS预测模型优化,但陕西省和山东省不适于ARIMA-LSTM预测。