The 3GPP multimedia broadcast/multicast services(MBMS) standard takes Raptor codes as a way of channel coding and puts forward an efcient enhanced Gaussian elimination(EGE) for the Raptor decoder. However, the standar...The 3GPP multimedia broadcast/multicast services(MBMS) standard takes Raptor codes as a way of channel coding and puts forward an efcient enhanced Gaussian elimination(EGE) for the Raptor decoder. However, the standard decoding method is not the most efcient. A few of researchers made some changes based on the standard decoding method and achieved considerable performance. In this paper, a synthetic decoding method is presented according to the existing enhanced decoding method and the simulation shows that the syn- thetic way outperforms any other ways.展开更多
According to large coverage of satellites, there are various channel states in a satellite broadcasting network. In order to introduce an efficient rateless transmission method to satellite multimedia broadcasting/mul...According to large coverage of satellites, there are various channel states in a satellite broadcasting network. In order to introduce an efficient rateless transmission method to satellite multimedia broadcasting/multicast services with finite-length packets, a cross-layer packet transmission method is proposed with Luby transform (LT) codes for efficiency in the network layer and low density parity check (LDPC) codes for reliability in the physical layer jointly. The codewords generated from an LT encoder are divided into finite-length packets, which are encoded by an LDPC encoder subsequently. Based on noise and fading effects of satellite channels, the LT packets received from an LDPC decoder either have no error or are marked as erased, which can be mod- eled as a binary erasure channels (BECs). By theoretical analysis on LT parameters and LDPC parameters, the relationships between LDPC code rates in the physical layer and LT codes word lengths in the network layer are investigated. With tradeoffs between the LT codes word lengths and the LDPC code rates, optimized cross-layer solutions are achieved with a binary search algorithm. Verified by simulations, the proposed solution for cross-layer parameters design can provide the best transmission mode according to satellite states, so as to improve throughput performance for satellite multimedia transmission.展开更多
The Nigerian Television Authority,NTA,is the only Nigerian broadcast media facing constant disparaging criticism by contemporary Nigerian youths.However,these criticisms are mostly one-sided as they only point to the ...The Nigerian Television Authority,NTA,is the only Nigerian broadcast media facing constant disparaging criticism by contemporary Nigerian youths.However,these criticisms are mostly one-sided as they only point to the drawbacks of the state-owned television.Scholarly studies conducted into the media house have shown that the government-owned television has done more for the general public in terms of uniting the diverse Nigerian populace and promoting collective cultural heritage than any other agent in the country.Using the descriptive content analysis,and hinged on Development Media Theory,the paper attempts a justification of the NTA programmes as it uses Media Discourse Analysis to highlight the themes,programme formats,and types of programmes aired by NTA in a space of two years(2021-2023).The paper recommends,among other things,series of field researches to learn about their programme preferences and nuances of the contemporary Nigerian youth,particularly the Generation-Z and Generation-Alpha,and create a sustainable plan.展开更多
Beginning with the simple introduction of socket which is the most commonly used application program interfaces in UNIX/LINUX communication domain, the concrete programming procedures to realize multicast and broadcas...Beginning with the simple introduction of socket which is the most commonly used application program interfaces in UNIX/LINUX communication domain, the concrete programming procedures to realize multicast and broadcast based on socket is provided, according to TCP/IP protocol in LINUX system. The acquiring and converting of broadcast destination address and multicast address, the setting of multicast options, the joining in and withdrawing from the multicast group, and the receiving and sending of datagram are all demonstrated in it, the related system calls and simple explication of C programming are also included.展开更多
Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)has proven to be promising for future wireless communication.Due to its ability to manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves,RIS provides a flexible and programmable way to implement i...Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)has proven to be promising for future wireless communication.Due to its ability to manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves,RIS provides a flexible and programmable way to implement intelligent wireless environments.While path loss modeling has been conducted in some prior research,an issue remaining unknown is the characteristics of multi-beam path loss for RIS.In this paper,we model,simulate and measure the multi-beam path loss in RIS-assisted broadcast communication scenarios.We propose two specific configurations of RIS and derive the path loss models,which reveal that the incident beam can be equally divided into multiple beams without power loss through rational design of the phase coding.The proposed path loss model is validated through simulation subsequently.To further verify our conclusions,we build a millimeter wave(mmWave)measurement system with a 35 GHz fabricated RIS.The measurement result corresponds well with the simulation,which shows a difference of about 3 dB in the received signal power of quad-beam compared with dual-beam,as well as dual-beam compared with single-beam,except for the impact of radiation patterns of the antennas and RIS elements.展开更多
As the cornerstone of future information security,quantum key distribution(QKD)is evolving towards large-scale hybrid discrete-variable/continuous-variable(DV/CV)multi-domain quantum networks.Meanwhile,multicast-orien...As the cornerstone of future information security,quantum key distribution(QKD)is evolving towards large-scale hybrid discrete-variable/continuous-variable(DV/CV)multi-domain quantum networks.Meanwhile,multicast-oriented multi-party key negotiation is attracting increasing attention in quantum networks.However,the efficient key provision for multicast services over hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks remains challenging,due to the limited probability of service success and the inefficient utilization of key resources.Targeting these challenges,this study proposes two key-resource-aware multicast-oriented key provision strategies,namely the link distance-resource balanced key provision strategy and the maximum shared link key provision strategy.The proposed strategies are applicable to hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks,which are typically implemented by GG02-based intra-domain connections and BB84-based inter-domain connections.Furthermore,the multicast-oriented key provision model is formulated,based on which two heuristic algorithms are designed,i.e.,the shared link distance-resource(SLDR)dependent and the maximum shared link distance-resource(MSLDR)dependent multicast-oriented key provision algorithms.Simulation results verify the applicability of the designed algorithms across different multi-domain quantum networks,and demonstrate their superiority over the benchmark algorithms in terms of the success probability of multicast service requests,the number of shared links,and the key resource utilization.展开更多
Problems of the current IGMP mechanism were identified, such as unnecessary periodic probing of hosts and leave latency, which wastes bandwidth and cause more traffic and overhead. Alternative mechanism that preserve ...Problems of the current IGMP mechanism were identified, such as unnecessary periodic probing of hosts and leave latency, which wastes bandwidth and cause more traffic and overhead. Alternative mechanism that preserve the IP multicast model but employ join/leave messages to track local group membership for broadcast LANs (shared medium LANs) was proposed in this paper. We describe the implementation requirements of the new mechanism and compare it to existing one, demonstrating that join/leave approach is uniformly superior for the environment of broadcast LANs.展开更多
This study explores the application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in Chinese-English translation for live sports broadcasting,addressing the growing demand for real-time,high-quality multilingual communicat...This study explores the application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in Chinese-English translation for live sports broadcasting,addressing the growing demand for real-time,high-quality multilingual communication in global sports events.Drawing on advancements in neural machine translation(NMT),automatic speech recognition(ASR),and text-to-speech(TTS)technologies,the paper examines key theoretical foundations,including self-attention mechanisms in Transformer models,real-time subtitle synchronization,and domain-specific terminology processing.It outlines primary application forms,such as cloud-based speech translation systems,end-to-end speech-to-speech modes,AI-assisted subtitle generation with human post-editing,and multilingual subtitle technologies,illustrated with sports scenarios like football and basketball matches.Representative cases from international events(e.g.,NBA,Olympics,FIFA World Cup)and domestic ones(e.g.,CBA,China Table Tennis Super League,Hangzhou Asian Games)demonstrate practical implementations and comparative effects.The analysis highlights challenges,including terminology-real-time conflicts,accent and noise interference,cultural and emotional nuance loss,latency-cost-stability issues,and data privacy-copyright concerns.To mitigate these,technical improvements are proposed,focusing on multimodal fusion,sports-domain pre-trained models,and latency optimization through edge computing.The study underscores the theoretical and practical significance for sports media,emphasizing AI's role in enhancing audience experience and promoting Chinese sports culture globally.Future trends point toward more intelligent,personalized,and ecosystem-integrated applications.展开更多
针对高速列车走行部转向架轴箱轴承在复杂工况下运行具有不确定性与动态性,且有效故障样本稀缺导致的诊断精度低的问题,提出一种基于MCWT-Li-VIT网络的故障诊断方法.首先,提出一种基于统计特征的离散型工况识别方法,采用重要的时频域特...针对高速列车走行部转向架轴箱轴承在复杂工况下运行具有不确定性与动态性,且有效故障样本稀缺导致的诊断精度低的问题,提出一种基于MCWT-Li-VIT网络的故障诊断方法.首先,提出一种基于统计特征的离散型工况识别方法,采用重要的时频域特征构建特征向量,利用综合稳定性评分函数划分阈值,提升状态数据的有效性与稳定性;其次,构建包含多种母小波的连续小波变换知识库,将一维状态信号转换为多角度、故障特征更丰富的二维时频图谱,进而设计一种Li-ViT特征编码器,将多头注意力替换为广播注意力降低复杂度,保证识别精度的同时显著提升训练与推理效率,增强在边缘设备中的实时部署能力;最后,设计基于多模态时-频特征的对比损失函数,以有效训练MCWT-Li-VIT网络,并开发基于余弦相似性分析的故障检测算法.采用Jetson Orin NX嵌入式板卡作为核心测试平台,通过轴承试验台数据集的验证结果表明,所提出方法在仅使用正常样本训练的条件下,在复杂工况中对故障状态的检测平均准确率达到97.2%,能够构建高性能、高效率的特征提取网络.展开更多
为满足“出行即服务(MaaS,Mobility as a Service)”发展模式下的乘客出行换乘引导需求,提出基于MaaS的城市轨道交通乘客信息服务方案。针对乘客在各出行环节的信息需求,实现基于多源数据融合的乘客服务资源要素整合,有效承载多专业数...为满足“出行即服务(MaaS,Mobility as a Service)”发展模式下的乘客出行换乘引导需求,提出基于MaaS的城市轨道交通乘客信息服务方案。针对乘客在各出行环节的信息需求,实现基于多源数据融合的乘客服务资源要素整合,有效承载多专业数据联动感知和智能化分析。通过信息一体化编播管理和服务推演技术,实现线上、线下出行信息服务、乘客动态引流和服务策略优化,突破传统乘客信息服务单一化供给与被动响应的局限。应用结果表明,该方案能够有效实现轨道交通与公交信息的融合接入与多终端动态发布,显著提升了乘客换乘引导的精准性与出行服务的智慧化水平。展开更多
摘要The 3GPP multimedia broadcast/multicast services(MBMS) standard takes Raptor codes as a way of channel coding and puts forward an efcient enhanced Gaussian elimination(EGE) for the Raptor decoder. However, the standard decoding method is not the most efcient. A few of researchers made some changes based on the standard decoding method and achieved considerable performance. In this paper, a synthetic decoding method is presented according to the existing enhanced decoding method and the simulation shows that the syn- thetic way outperforms any other ways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61101125)
摘要According to large coverage of satellites, there are various channel states in a satellite broadcasting network. In order to introduce an efficient rateless transmission method to satellite multimedia broadcasting/multicast services with finite-length packets, a cross-layer packet transmission method is proposed with Luby transform (LT) codes for efficiency in the network layer and low density parity check (LDPC) codes for reliability in the physical layer jointly. The codewords generated from an LT encoder are divided into finite-length packets, which are encoded by an LDPC encoder subsequently. Based on noise and fading effects of satellite channels, the LT packets received from an LDPC decoder either have no error or are marked as erased, which can be mod- eled as a binary erasure channels (BECs). By theoretical analysis on LT parameters and LDPC parameters, the relationships between LDPC code rates in the physical layer and LT codes word lengths in the network layer are investigated. With tradeoffs between the LT codes word lengths and the LDPC code rates, optimized cross-layer solutions are achieved with a binary search algorithm. Verified by simulations, the proposed solution for cross-layer parameters design can provide the best transmission mode according to satellite states, so as to improve throughput performance for satellite multimedia transmission.
摘要The Nigerian Television Authority,NTA,is the only Nigerian broadcast media facing constant disparaging criticism by contemporary Nigerian youths.However,these criticisms are mostly one-sided as they only point to the drawbacks of the state-owned television.Scholarly studies conducted into the media house have shown that the government-owned television has done more for the general public in terms of uniting the diverse Nigerian populace and promoting collective cultural heritage than any other agent in the country.Using the descriptive content analysis,and hinged on Development Media Theory,the paper attempts a justification of the NTA programmes as it uses Media Discourse Analysis to highlight the themes,programme formats,and types of programmes aired by NTA in a space of two years(2021-2023).The paper recommends,among other things,series of field researches to learn about their programme preferences and nuances of the contemporary Nigerian youth,particularly the Generation-Z and Generation-Alpha,and create a sustainable plan.
摘要Beginning with the simple introduction of socket which is the most commonly used application program interfaces in UNIX/LINUX communication domain, the concrete programming procedures to realize multicast and broadcast based on socket is provided, according to TCP/IP protocol in LINUX system. The acquiring and converting of broadcast destination address and multicast address, the setting of multicast options, the joining in and withdrawing from the multicast group, and the receiving and sending of datagram are all demonstrated in it, the related system calls and simple explication of C programming are also included.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grants 2023YFB3811505in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants 62261160576,62201138,62301156,and 62401137+4 种基金in part by the Key Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu(Prospective and Key Technologies for Industry)under Grants BE2023022-1 and BE2023022in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20220809 and BK20241281in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2242023K5003in part by the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents under Grant BX20230065in part by the Jiangsu Excellent Postdoctoral Program under Grant 2023ZB476.
摘要Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)has proven to be promising for future wireless communication.Due to its ability to manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves,RIS provides a flexible and programmable way to implement intelligent wireless environments.While path loss modeling has been conducted in some prior research,an issue remaining unknown is the characteristics of multi-beam path loss for RIS.In this paper,we model,simulate and measure the multi-beam path loss in RIS-assisted broadcast communication scenarios.We propose two specific configurations of RIS and derive the path loss models,which reveal that the incident beam can be equally divided into multiple beams without power loss through rational design of the phase coding.The proposed path loss model is validated through simulation subsequently.To further verify our conclusions,we build a millimeter wave(mmWave)measurement system with a 35 GHz fabricated RIS.The measurement result corresponds well with the simulation,which shows a difference of about 3 dB in the received signal power of quad-beam compared with dual-beam,as well as dual-beam compared with single-beam,except for the impact of radiation patterns of the antennas and RIS elements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62201276,62350001,U22B2026,and 62425105)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0300701)the Key R&D Program(Industry Foresight and Key Core Technologies)of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2022071)。
摘要As the cornerstone of future information security,quantum key distribution(QKD)is evolving towards large-scale hybrid discrete-variable/continuous-variable(DV/CV)multi-domain quantum networks.Meanwhile,multicast-oriented multi-party key negotiation is attracting increasing attention in quantum networks.However,the efficient key provision for multicast services over hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks remains challenging,due to the limited probability of service success and the inefficient utilization of key resources.Targeting these challenges,this study proposes two key-resource-aware multicast-oriented key provision strategies,namely the link distance-resource balanced key provision strategy and the maximum shared link key provision strategy.The proposed strategies are applicable to hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks,which are typically implemented by GG02-based intra-domain connections and BB84-based inter-domain connections.Furthermore,the multicast-oriented key provision model is formulated,based on which two heuristic algorithms are designed,i.e.,the shared link distance-resource(SLDR)dependent and the maximum shared link distance-resource(MSLDR)dependent multicast-oriented key provision algorithms.Simulation results verify the applicability of the designed algorithms across different multi-domain quantum networks,and demonstrate their superiority over the benchmark algorithms in terms of the success probability of multicast service requests,the number of shared links,and the key resource utilization.
摘要Problems of the current IGMP mechanism were identified, such as unnecessary periodic probing of hosts and leave latency, which wastes bandwidth and cause more traffic and overhead. Alternative mechanism that preserve the IP multicast model but employ join/leave messages to track local group membership for broadcast LANs (shared medium LANs) was proposed in this paper. We describe the implementation requirements of the new mechanism and compare it to existing one, demonstrating that join/leave approach is uniformly superior for the environment of broadcast LANs.
摘要This study explores the application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in Chinese-English translation for live sports broadcasting,addressing the growing demand for real-time,high-quality multilingual communication in global sports events.Drawing on advancements in neural machine translation(NMT),automatic speech recognition(ASR),and text-to-speech(TTS)technologies,the paper examines key theoretical foundations,including self-attention mechanisms in Transformer models,real-time subtitle synchronization,and domain-specific terminology processing.It outlines primary application forms,such as cloud-based speech translation systems,end-to-end speech-to-speech modes,AI-assisted subtitle generation with human post-editing,and multilingual subtitle technologies,illustrated with sports scenarios like football and basketball matches.Representative cases from international events(e.g.,NBA,Olympics,FIFA World Cup)and domestic ones(e.g.,CBA,China Table Tennis Super League,Hangzhou Asian Games)demonstrate practical implementations and comparative effects.The analysis highlights challenges,including terminology-real-time conflicts,accent and noise interference,cultural and emotional nuance loss,latency-cost-stability issues,and data privacy-copyright concerns.To mitigate these,technical improvements are proposed,focusing on multimodal fusion,sports-domain pre-trained models,and latency optimization through edge computing.The study underscores the theoretical and practical significance for sports media,emphasizing AI's role in enhancing audience experience and promoting Chinese sports culture globally.Future trends point toward more intelligent,personalized,and ecosystem-integrated applications.
摘要针对高速列车走行部转向架轴箱轴承在复杂工况下运行具有不确定性与动态性,且有效故障样本稀缺导致的诊断精度低的问题,提出一种基于MCWT-Li-VIT网络的故障诊断方法.首先,提出一种基于统计特征的离散型工况识别方法,采用重要的时频域特征构建特征向量,利用综合稳定性评分函数划分阈值,提升状态数据的有效性与稳定性;其次,构建包含多种母小波的连续小波变换知识库,将一维状态信号转换为多角度、故障特征更丰富的二维时频图谱,进而设计一种Li-ViT特征编码器,将多头注意力替换为广播注意力降低复杂度,保证识别精度的同时显著提升训练与推理效率,增强在边缘设备中的实时部署能力;最后,设计基于多模态时-频特征的对比损失函数,以有效训练MCWT-Li-VIT网络,并开发基于余弦相似性分析的故障检测算法.采用Jetson Orin NX嵌入式板卡作为核心测试平台,通过轴承试验台数据集的验证结果表明,所提出方法在仅使用正常样本训练的条件下,在复杂工况中对故障状态的检测平均准确率达到97.2%,能够构建高性能、高效率的特征提取网络.
摘要为满足“出行即服务(MaaS,Mobility as a Service)”发展模式下的乘客出行换乘引导需求,提出基于MaaS的城市轨道交通乘客信息服务方案。针对乘客在各出行环节的信息需求,实现基于多源数据融合的乘客服务资源要素整合,有效承载多专业数据联动感知和智能化分析。通过信息一体化编播管理和服务推演技术,实现线上、线下出行信息服务、乘客动态引流和服务策略优化,突破传统乘客信息服务单一化供给与被动响应的局限。应用结果表明,该方案能够有效实现轨道交通与公交信息的融合接入与多终端动态发布,显著提升了乘客换乘引导的精准性与出行服务的智慧化水平。