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Nanostructure-dependent colouration efficiency of electrochromic coatings using 0D,1D,and 2D WO3 for smart windows 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Mahnaz Dadkhah Md Julker Nine +2 位作者 Kosala Purasinhala Gurleen Singh Sandhu Dusan Losic 《Nano Materials Science》 EI CAS CSCD 2026年第2期255-263,共9页
Towards the development of highly efficient electrochromic coatings,the crystallinity,morphology(e.g.size and shape)of electrochromic nanomaterials,and their charge insertion capacities play a significant role.Herein,... Towards the development of highly efficient electrochromic coatings,the crystallinity,morphology(e.g.size and shape)of electrochromic nanomaterials,and their charge insertion capacities play a significant role.Herein,we report the structure-dependent colouration effciency in electrochromic coatings based on the use of 0D,1D and 2D tungsten trioxide(WO3)nanostructures.A series of WO3with different nanostructures were prepared and used as working electrodes to fabricate electrochromic devices for smart windows applications.Facile spray coating was applied on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrate to make~70%transparent working electrodes to investigate their charge insertion capacities,electrochromic active surface area,and colouration efficiency.Results showed that the 2D WO3nanoflakes displayed the highest diffusion coefficient for the intercalation of 1.52×10-10cm2/s with an increased electrochemical active surface area of 25.10 mF/cm2,a large modulation of optical reflectance(42.63%)with 3.79 s shorter response time for bleaching and a greater colouration efficiency(CE)value(89.29 cm2/C)at 700 nm compared to the CE value for 1D WO3(of 22 cm2/C)and 0D WO3(8 cm2/C).The outcome of this study provides a new insight and valuable contribution to design an efficient electrochromic coating by controlling and optimising the nanostructures of selective electrochromic materials. 展开更多
关键词 Electrochromic devices Smart window WO3 nanostructures Colouration efficiency Spray coating
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Colour Changes of Wood Veneer as a Function of Heat Treatment 认领 引用
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作者 Hikaru Kobori Emilia-Adela Manea Salca +3 位作者 Tetsuya Inagaki Shigehiko Suzuki Sahriyanti Saad Aujchariya Chotikhun 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 EI CAS 2026年第2期50-64,共15页
Heat treatment is applied towood to improve various properties of thematerial.Thepresent study focuses on the colour changes of wood veneer samples due to heat treatment.Native wood species fromJapan and Europe,such a... Heat treatment is applied towood to improve various properties of thematerial.Thepresent study focuses on the colour changes of wood veneer samples due to heat treatment.Native wood species fromJapan and Europe,such as Japanese oak(Quercus mongolica var.crispula),field maple(Acer campestre)and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris)were used in the experiments.A laboratory-type oven was used to apply the heat at a temperature of 190○C,in the presence of oxygen,for different periods,gradually increasing from 5 to 40 min.The CIELab system(a colour space defined by the International Commission on Illumination)and Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIR)were employed to evaluate the colour modifications on the samples.As expected,the heat treatment affected the colour of the samples.The lightness index decreased across the three wood species during the treatment.The chroma coordinates changed for pine and maple,while little change occurred in Japanese oak.The overall total colour differences reached their maximum at the final 40-min interval for all wood types.Based on the NIR evaluation,it was found that drastic thermal denaturation of cellulose was unlikely to occur,and the changes in the intermolecular interaction of water affected the colour of the specimens.The data and information of this study could be useful for industrial applications where the veneer of such species is desired.Such heat-treated veneers can be considered as value-added products in furniture manufacturing as well as restoration of furniture units where such veneer is used as an overlay. 展开更多
关键词 Colour stability Japanese oak maple pine heat treatment
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Targeted metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals the key metabolites and genes influencing blue-purple colour development in Clematis lanuginosa flowers 认领 引用
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作者 Renjuan Qian Youju Ye +3 位作者 Xiaohua Ma Handong Gao Qingdi Hu Jian Zheng 《Ornamental Plant Research》 2025年第1期462-470,共9页
Clematis lanuginosa,a valuable ornamental plant in Zhejiang Province,China,produces flowers that are blue-purple,a rare flower colour.In this study,to explore the anthocyanin synthesis mechanism involved in flower col... Clematis lanuginosa,a valuable ornamental plant in Zhejiang Province,China,produces flowers that are blue-purple,a rare flower colour.In this study,to explore the anthocyanin synthesis mechanism involved in flower colour formation in C.lanuginosa,metabolome,and transcriptome sequencing was performed at six flower development stages.Metabolome analysis revealed 25 anthocyanin compounds and 22 differentially expressed metabolites.Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside,cyanidin-3,5,3'-O-triglucoside,cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside,delphinidin-3-O-glucoside,and petunidin-3-O-glucoside may promote the formation of blue-purple colour in flowers.The combined analysis results revealed that the transcript41913_f2p0_1152 gene(MYB-like)may be a key gene in C.lanuginosa blue-purple flower colour development.These results provide the basis for further research on the blue-purple flower colour of C.lanuginosa. 展开更多
关键词 clematis lanuginosaa transcriptome transcriptome sequencing blue purple color anthocyanin anthocyanin compounds anthocyanin synthesis mechanism flower colour
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Five Colours in Various Manifestations of Nature: Exhibition on Modern Interpretation of Traditional Chinese Colours 认领 引用
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《China & The World Cultural Exchange》 2025年第6期20-25,共6页
The traditional colour culture of China has a long and rich history.The Five Colours system,namely cyan,red,yellow,white and black,was originated from the theory of the Five Elements(wood,fire,earth,metal and water)in... The traditional colour culture of China has a long and rich history.The Five Colours system,namely cyan,red,yellow,white and black,was originated from the theory of the Five Elements(wood,fire,earth,metal and water)in the Pre-Qin period and first appeared in classics such as The Book of Documents:Major Standards and Rites of the Zhou Dynasty. 展开更多
关键词 five colours modern interpretation theory five pre qin period rites zhou dynasty five elements book documents traditional chinese colours
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Birds of a feather:Comprehensive plumage colour analysis for a revised subspecies classification of the Chestnut-winged Babbler(Cyanoderma erythropterum)species complex 认领 引用
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作者 Shen Han Teo Yong Chee Keita Sin +1 位作者 Mayjean Marie Ines Nieves Frank E.Rheindt 《Avian Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2025年第4期796-810,共15页
Quantitative analysis of colouration is an essential tool for subspecies delimitation but has always posed a challenge in avian taxonomy.In this study on the Chestnut-winged Babbler(Cyanoderma erythropterum)species co... Quantitative analysis of colouration is an essential tool for subspecies delimitation but has always posed a challenge in avian taxonomy.In this study on the Chestnut-winged Babbler(Cyanoderma erythropterum)species complex from tropical Southeast Asia,we made use of colour measurements taken with digital cameras and applied two methodologies—(1)the 75%subspecies rule on quantitative colourimetric variables,and(2)the CIEDE2000 colour distance method to generate phylograms,which has probably never been applied in taxonomy before.Given its large number of described subspecies,many of which have been synonymised in modern taxonomies,the species complex serves as an appropriate model to test subspecies validity.Our data indicate that one synonymised subspecies(C.e.apega),from the islands of Bangka and Belitung,requires re-instalment and recognition,whereas one widely recognised subspecies(C.e.fulviventre),from the Banyak Islands,should be synonymised.Our approach also allowed us to redraw geographic subspecies boundaries.Our work indicates that current subspecies taxonomies of many poorly known tropical species may remain error-ridden and highlights the importance and viability of large-scale taxonomic revisions targeting avian subspecies globally while incorporating quantitative colourimetric approaches. 展开更多
关键词 Chestnut-winged Babbler Colour distance Subspecies boundaries Subspecies rule Taxonomy
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ON f-EDGE COVER-COLOURING OF SIMPLE GRAPHS 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 宋慧敏 刘桂真 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE 2005年第1期145-151,共7页
An f-edge cover-colouring of a graph G = (V, E) is an assignment of colours to the edges of G such that every colour appears at each vertex v ∈ V at least f(v) times. The maximum number of colours needed to f-edge co... An f-edge cover-colouring of a graph G = (V, E) is an assignment of colours to the edges of G such that every colour appears at each vertex v ∈ V at least f(v) times. The maximum number of colours needed to f-edge cover colour G is called the f-edge cover chromatic index of G, denoted by Xfc(G). This paper gives that min[d(v)-1/f(v)]≤xfc(G)≤ 展开更多
关键词 Edge colouring edge cover-colouring f-edge cover-colouring
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Biomimetic Photonic Structures with Tunable Structural Colours: From Natural to Biomimetic to Applications 认领 引用 被引量：13
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作者 Zelinlan Wang Zhiguang Guo 《Journal of Bionic Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第1期1-33,共33页
Natural photonic structure with tunable structural colours is one of the most miraculous structures which always catches our eyes. However, the application of artificial photonic structures is limited. Moreover, becau... Natural photonic structure with tunable structural colours is one of the most miraculous structures which always catches our eyes. However, the application of artificial photonic structures is limited. Moreover, because of the ability of tunable colours, photonic structure is the excellent candidate for many fields, such as sensor, bioassay, anti-counterfeiting, optical components, photocatalytic, fibers and fabrics. Considering the superior tunable optical property and other excellent performance such as robust mechanical strength, wettability, there are new domains and novel routes for this material that deserve us to explore. In this review, some natural photonic structures are discussed. Some novel fabrication methods and applications will be mentioned in this article. Furthermore, this review provides an insight and outlook for the photonic material with tunable eolours focusing on fabrication, design and applications. 展开更多
关键词 biomimetic material structural colours photonic structure tunable structural colours micro-nano structures
Stochastic resonance driven by time-modulated correlated coloured noise sources in a single-mode laser 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 陈德彝 张莉 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS 2009年第5期1755-1760,共6页
This paper investigates the phenomenon of stochastic resonance in a single-mode laser driven by time-modulated correlated coloured noise sources. The power spectrum and signal-to-noise ratio R of the laser intensity a... This paper investigates the phenomenon of stochastic resonance in a single-mode laser driven by time-modulated correlated coloured noise sources. The power spectrum and signal-to-noise ratio R of the laser intensity are calculated by the linear approximation. The effects caused by noise self-correlation time τ1, τ2 and cross-correlated time τ3 for stochastic resonance are analysed in two ways： τ1, τ2 and τ3 are taken to be the independent variables and the parameters respectively. The effects of the gain coefficient F and loss coefficient K on the stochastic resonance are also discussed. It is found that besides the presence of the standard form and the broad sense of stochastic resonance, the number of extrema in the curve of R versus K is reduced with the increase of the gain coefficient Г. 展开更多
关键词 coloured noise coloured correlation time-periodic modulation signal-to-noise ratio
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关于自反的n-colour有序分拆的一个关系式 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 郭育红 《武汉大学学报（理学版）》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2012年第5期430-432,共3页
给出了2v+1的自反n-colour有序分拆数与v的n-colour有序分拆数之间的一个关系式,并由此关系式得到了一个组合恒等式.此外,还给出了正整数2v+1的自反n-colour有序分拆数与正整数2v的"奇-偶"无序分拆数、2v分拆成奇数的有序分... 给出了2v+1的自反n-colour有序分拆数与v的n-colour有序分拆数之间的一个关系式,并由此关系式得到了一个组合恒等式.此外,还给出了正整数2v+1的自反n-colour有序分拆数与正整数2v的"奇-偶"无序分拆数、2v分拆成奇数的有序分拆数等几类分拆数之间的一些分拆恒等式. 展开更多
关键词 n-colour有序分拆 自反的n-colour有序分拆 关系式 组合恒等式
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Response of colour and hygroscopic properties of Scots pine wood to thermal treatment 认领 引用 被引量：8
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作者 Vasiliki Kamperidou Ioannis Barboutis Vasileios Vasileiou 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第3期571-575,共5页
The effect of heat treatment on the surface colour and hygro- scopic properties of pine wood were investigated in this study. Boards of Scots pine wood （Pinus sylvestris L.） were subjected to thermal treatment at 20... The effect of heat treatment on the surface colour and hygro- scopic properties of pine wood were investigated in this study. Boards of Scots pine wood （Pinus sylvestris L.） were subjected to thermal treatment at 200℃, for 4, 6, and 8 h. The change of equilibrium moisture content and density values of the specimens in order to facilitate the understand- ing of the treated material behavior. The colour parameters L＊ a＊ and b＊, used to depict the total colour change （dE） of wood surface, were shown to change proportionally to the treatment intensity. Moreover, swelling in the tangential and radial directions and absorption of the specimens ap- peared to be enhanced in great extent by the thermal treatment process. The mean value of swelling percentage in the tangential direction de- creased 10.26%, 17.22%, and 19.60% for specimens treated for 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively, referring to the final measurement after 72 h of immer- sion. In radial direction, mean value of swelling percentage decreased 19.56%, 32.75%, and 34.65% for treated for 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively, after 72 h immersion, which attests the decrease in swelling and im- provement in the hygroscopic behavior of Scots pine wood. 展开更多
关键词 Colour Hygroscopic properties Modification Thermaltreatment Scots pine
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Fine-mapping and validation of the genomic region underpinning pear red skin colour 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 Satish Kumar Chris Kirk +5 位作者 Cecilia Hong Deng Claudia Wiedow Mengfan Qin Richard Espley Jun Wu Lester Brewer 《Horticulture Research》 SCIE 2019年第1期1607-1613,共7页
Red skin colour is an important target trait in various pear breeding programmes.In this study,the genetic control of red skin colour was investigated in an interspecific population derived using the descendants of th... Red skin colour is an important target trait in various pear breeding programmes.In this study,the genetic control of red skin colour was investigated in an interspecific population derived using the descendants of the red sport European pear cultivar‘Max Red Bartlett’(MRB)and the red-blushed Chinese pear cultivar‘Huobali’.Approximately 550 seedlings from nine families were phenotyped for red skin over-colour coverage(Ocolcov)and the intensity of red over-colour(Ocolint)on a 0–9 scale,and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing.Genome-wide association analyses were conducted using 7500 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Genomic regions on linkage groups(LG)4 and 5 were found to be associated,and the best SNP(S578_25116)on LG4 accounted for~15%of phenotypic variation in Ocolcov and Ocolint.The association of S578_25116 with Ocolcov and Ocolint was successfully validated in a sample of~200 European and Asian pear accessions.The association with red skin at locus S578_25116 was not present in Asian pear accessions,suggesting its close proximity to the MRB’s Cardinal gene.Several putative candidate genes,including MYB transcription factors(PCP027962 and PCP027967),were identified in the quantitative trait locus region on LG4 and await functional validation. 展开更多
关键词 cultivar breeding colour
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Ba_2Mg(BO_3)_2:Ce3+,Eu2+,Na+:A potential single-phased two colour borate phosphor for white light-emitting diodes 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 潘再法 徐娟 +2 位作者 朱澄静 刘文涵 王丽丽 《Journal of Rare Earths》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第11期1088-1091,共4页
A two colour phosphor Ba2Mg（BO3）2：Ce^3＋,Eu^2＋,Na^＋ was synthesized using solid-state reaction method. Luminescence of Ba2Mg（BO3）2：Ce^3＋,Eu^2＋,Na^＋ showed 416 and 618 nm emission bands attributed to Ce^3＋ ... A two colour phosphor Ba2Mg（BO3）2：Ce^3＋,Eu^2＋,Na^＋ was synthesized using solid-state reaction method. Luminescence of Ba2Mg（BO3）2：Ce^3＋,Eu^2＋,Na^＋ showed 416 and 618 nm emission bands attributed to Ce^3＋ and Eu^2＋ emission, respectively. Energy transfer occurred from Ce^3＋ to Eu^2＋ through a significant overlap of Eu^2＋ excitation spectrum with Ce^3＋ emission spectum in Ba2Mg（BO3）2. They also showed that under the excitation of UV radiation, bluish or yellowish white light was generated by coupling a broad blue emission band and a red emission band. By combining with green phosphor, Ba2Mg（BO3）：Ce^3＋,Eu^2＋,Na^＋ phosphor showed potential application for white light-emitting diodes （LEDs）. 展开更多
关键词 Ba2Mg（BO3）2：Ce^3＋,Eu^2＋,Na^＋ luminescence energy transfer single-phased two colour borate phosphor rare earths
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The effect of dehydrogenase enzyme activity in glycolysis on the colour stability of mutton during postmortem storage 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 XIN Jian-zeng LI Zheng +4 位作者 LI Xin LI Meng WANG Ying YANG Fu-min ZHANG De-quan 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第11期2646-2654,共9页
This study investigated the influence of activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH） and lactate dehydrogenase-B （LDH-B） on the colour stability of mutton. From 60 sheep （Bayannur mutton sheep... This study investigated the influence of activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH） and lactate dehydrogenase-B （LDH-B） on the colour stability of mutton. From 60 sheep （Bayannur mutton sheep）, 15 Iongissimus dorsi （LD） muscles were selected on the basis of colour stability （R630/580 and a＊ value） during the storage and classified into three groups （5 for each group） as high colour stability （HCS）, intermediate colour stability （ICS） and low colour stability （LCS）. The activities of GAPDH and LDH-B, muscle colour attributes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleuotide （NADH） concen- tration and lactate concentration were measured. The samples in HCS had higher activities of GAPDH and LDH-B than the samples in the LCS, and the samples in the HCS group also possessed higher NADH and lower lactate concentration. The higher activity of dehydrogenase enzyme may result in higher NADH concentrations and colour stability in muscle tissue. The results suggest that the activity of GAPDH and LDH-B may also play a role in maintaining colour stability. 展开更多
关键词 mutton meat colour GAPDH LDH-B NADH
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Formation and instability of spiral wave induced by Gaussian coloured noise 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 甘正宁 马军 +1 位作者 张国勇 陈勇 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS 2008年第11期4047-4055,共9页
In this paper, we studied the effect of Gaussian coloured noise on the formation and instability of spiral waves described by one class of modified FitzHugh Nagumo equation. It was found that Gaussian coloured noise p... In this paper, we studied the effect of Gaussian coloured noise on the formation and instability of spiral waves described by one class of modified FitzHugh Nagumo equation. It was found that Gaussian coloured noise plays a constructive role in the formation, transition and instability of spiral wave. Too weak or too strong noise may act against the formation of spiral waves. At a certain noise level, spiral wave is maintained in a medium, in which spiral wave cannot be observed in the absence of the noise. It is difficult to make a stable spiral wave into unstable state by Gaussian coloured noise, unless the noise level is very high. The parameter regions of Gaussian coloured noise for spiral forming and spiral instability were given and discussed with numerical simulations. 展开更多
关键词 spiral wave FitzHugh-Nagumo model Gaussian coloured noise
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GWAS provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms of phytochemicals production and red skin colour in apple 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 Satish Kumar Claire Molloy +5 位作者 Martin Hunt Cecilia Hong Deng Claudia Wiedow Christelle Andre Andrew Dare Tony McGhie 《Horticulture Research》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第1期3894-3903,共10页
Understanding the genetic architecture of apple phytochemicals,and their interplay with conventional selection traits,is critical for the development of new apple cultivars with enhanced health benefits.Apple accessio... Understanding the genetic architecture of apple phytochemicals,and their interplay with conventional selection traits,is critical for the development of new apple cultivars with enhanced health benefits.Apple accessions(n=344)used for this genome-wide association study(GWAS)represented the wide diversity of metabolic profiles in the domesticated and wild Malus genepools.Fruit samples were phenotyped for 34 metabolites,including a stable vitamin C glycoside“ascorbic acid 2-β-glucoside”(AA-2βG),and the accessions were genotyped using the Apple 20 K SNP Array.Several fruit quality traits,including red skin over-colour(OCOL),were also assessed.Wild Malus accessions showed at least 2-fold higher average content of several metabolites(e.g.ascorbic acid,chlorogenic acid,phloridzin,and trilobatin)than Malus domestica accessions.Several new genomic regions and potential candidate genes underpinning the genetic diversity of apple phytochemicalswere identified.The percentage of phenotypic variance explained by the best SNP ranged between 3%and 21%for the different metabolites.Novel association signals for OCOL in the syntenic regions on chromosomes 13 and 16 suggested that whole genome duplication has played a role in the evolution of apple red skin colour.Genetic correlations between phytochemicals and sensory traits were moderate.This study will assist in the selection of Malus accessions with specific phytochemical profiles to establish innovative genomics-based breeding strategies for the development of apple cultivars with enhanced nutritional value. 展开更多
关键词 metabolites genome wide association study genetic architecture phytochemicals production red skin colour apple metabolic profiles development new apple cultivars
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Effects of signal modulation and coloured cross-correlation of coloured noises on the diffusion of a harmonic oscillator 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 刘立 张良英 曹力 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS 2009年第10期4182-4186,共5页
The diffusion in a harmonic oscillator driven by coloured noises ξ（t） and η（t） with coloured cross-correlation in which one of the noises is modulated by a biased periodic signal is investigated. The exact expre... The diffusion in a harmonic oscillator driven by coloured noises ξ（t） and η（t） with coloured cross-correlation in which one of the noises is modulated by a biased periodic signal is investigated. The exact expression of diffusion coefficient d as a function of noise parameter, signal parameter, and oscillator frequency is derived. The findings in this paper are as follows. 1） The curves of d versus noise intensity D and d versus noises cross-correlation time z3 exist as two different phases. The transition between the two phases arises from the change of the cross-correlation coefficient A of the two Ornstein-Uhlenbeck （O-U） noises. 2） Changing the value of T3, the curves of d versus Q, the intensity of colored noise that is modulated by the signal, can transform from a phase having a minimum to a monotonic phase. 3） Changing the value of signal amplitude A, d versus Q curves can transform from a phase having a minimum to a monotonic phase. The above-mentioned results demonstrate that a like noise-induced transition appears in the model. 展开更多
关键词 coloured cross-correlation cross-correlation coefficient diffusion coefficient signal modulated noise noise-induced transition
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Stochastic resonance in an asymmetric bistable system driven by coloured noises 认领 引用 被引量：7
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作者 杨建华 刘先斌 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS 2010年第5期92-97,共6页
The phenomenon of stochastic resonance is investigated in an asymmetric bistable system with coloured noises. The approximate Fokker Planck equation is derived based on the Novikov theorem and the Fox approach. By app... The phenomenon of stochastic resonance is investigated in an asymmetric bistable system with coloured noises. The approximate Fokker Planck equation is derived based on the Novikov theorem and the Fox approach. By applying the two-state theory, the expression of the signal-to-noise ratio is obtained in the adiabatic limit. The effects of the noise parameters on signal-to-ratio are discussed. It is found that the stochastic resonance phenomena appear in most cases and disappear in some special cases. 展开更多
关键词 stochastic resonance asymmetric bistable system coloured noises
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Impacts of different drying strategies on drying characteristics,the retention of bio-active ingredient and colour changes of dried Roselle 认领 引用 被引量：8
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作者 Thing Chai Tham Mei Xiang Ng +6 位作者 Shu Hui Gan Lee Suan Chua Ramlan Aziz Luqman Chuah Abdullah Sze Pheng Ong Nyuk Ling Chin Chung Lim Law 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第2期303-316,共14页
The drying kinetics of Roselle （Hibiscus sabdariffa L） of variety Terengganu （UMKL-1） and the quality attribution of Roselle were studied. The experiments were conducted using four different drying methods, includ... The drying kinetics of Roselle （Hibiscus sabdariffa L） of variety Terengganu （UMKL-1） and the quality attribution of Roselle were studied. The experiments were conducted using four different drying methods, including solar greenhouse drying （SD）, solar greenhouse with intermittent heat pump drying （SIHP）, hot air drying （HA） and heat pump drying （HP）. Among the four drying methods, HP achieved the highest drying rate at a range from 0.054 g H20-（g DM）-1. rain-1 to 0.212 g H20-（g DM）-1. rain 1 while SD had the lowest drying rate, measured at 0.042 g H2O. （g DM） 1.min- 1. The analysis on colour kinetics revealed that there is no significant colour loss （p 〉 0.05） observed from HP＇s dried Roselle. Greater amount of flavonoid compounds i.e. protocatechuic acid was found in SD and SIHP dried finished product whereas HP＇s dried Roselle contains higher percentage of catechin as compared to other drying methods. 展开更多
关键词 Hibiscus sabdariffa L.Drying Heat pump Total colour change Protocatechuic acid Catechin
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Upper bound for the time derivative of entropy for a dynamical system driven by coloured cross-correlated white noises 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 谢文贤 徐伟 +1 位作者 蔡力 靳艳飞 《Chinese Physics B》 CAS 2005年第9期1766-1769,共4页
It is shown how the cross-correlation time and strength of coloured cross-correlated white noises can set an upper bound for the time derivative of entropy in a nonequilibrium system. The value of upper bound can be c... It is shown how the cross-correlation time and strength of coloured cross-correlated white noises can set an upper bound for the time derivative of entropy in a nonequilibrium system. The value of upper bound can be calculated directly based on the Schwartz inequality principle and the Fokker-Planck equation of the dynamical system driven by coloured cross-correlated white noises. The present calculations can be used to interpret the interplay of the dissipative constant and cross-correlation time and strength of coloured cross-correlated white noises on the upper bound. 展开更多
关键词 information entropy coloured cross-correlation Fokker-Planck equation
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Effect of colouring green stage zirconia on the adhesion of veneering ceramics with different thermal expansion coefficients 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Guliz Aktas Erdal Sahin +2 位作者 Pekka Vallittu Mutlu zcan Lippo Lassila 《International Journal of Oral Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第4期236-241,共6页
This study evaluated the adhesion of zirconia core ceramics with their corresponding veneering ceramics, having different thermal expansion coefficients （TECs）, when zirconia ceramics were coloured at green stage. Z... This study evaluated the adhesion of zirconia core ceramics with their corresponding veneering ceramics, having different thermal expansion coefficients （TECs）, when zirconia ceramics were coloured at green stage. Zirconia blocks （N=240; 6 mm x 7 mm x 7 mm） were manufactured from two materials namely, ICE Zirconia （Group 1） and Prettau Zirconia （Group 2）. In their green stage, they were randomly divided into two groups. Half of the specimens were coloured with colouring liquid （shade A2）, Three different veneering ceramics with different TEC （ICE Ceramic, GC Initial Zr and IPS e.max Ceram） were fired on both coloured and non-coloured zirconia cores. Specimens of high noble alloys （Esteticor Plus） veneered with ceramic （VM 13） （n= 16） acted as the control group. Core-veneer interface of the specimens were subjected to shear force in the Universal Testing Machine （0.5 mm-min-1）. Neither the zirconia core material （P=0.318） nor colouring （P=0.188） significantly affected the results （three-way analysis of variance, Tukey＇s test）. But the results were significantly affected by the veneering ceramic （P=0.000）. Control group exhibited significantly higher mean bond strength values （45.7__.8） MPa than all other tested groups （（27.1__.4.1）-（39.7__.4.7） and （27.4__.5.6）-（35.9___4.7） MPa with and without colouring, respectively） （P^0.001）. While in zirconia-veneer test groups, predominantly mixed type of failures were observed with the veneering ceramic covering ~ 1/3 of the substrate surface, in the metal-ceramic group, veneering ceramic was left adhered 1/3 of the metal surface. Colouring zirconia did not impair adhesion of veneering ceramic, but veneering ceramic had a significant influence on the core-veneer adhesion. Metal-ceramic adhesion was more reliable than all zirconia-veneer ceramics tested. 展开更多
关键词 adhesion bond strength colouring~ thermal expansion coefficient zirconia
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