The Ok null test can not only assess whether the cosmic curvature is zero—thereby,if true,reducing degeneracies between cosmic curvature and other cosmological parameters—but also provide a model-independent chec...The Ok null test can not only assess whether the cosmic curvature is zero—thereby,if true,reducing degeneracies between cosmic curvature and other cosmological parameters—but also provide a model-independent check of compatibility between different data sets.However,traditional implementations often require absolute distance data from Type Ia supernovae(SNe Ia)or baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)measurements,limiting their applicability because such absolute distance data are usually not accessible.The BAO Alcock-Paczynski(AP)parameter FAP is a measurement of a distance ratio,making the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument(DESI)AP measurements particularly well suited for the Oknull test,as no absolute distance measurements are required.We propose a novel null test of cosmic curvature tailored to DESI BAO data that combines FAPwith ratios such as D′V/DVor D′M/DM.Crucially,this construction eliminates the need for absolute distance measurements.We further develop multi-task Gaussian processes to perform the null test.This approach can also be applied to a joint DESI BAO and SNe Ia dataset,and we find that DESI BAO and SNe Ia data are compatible.Although there is~2σ evidence of nonzero curvature at low redshift z■0.5,this result is not conclusive,largely due to the lack of observational data in the corresponding redshift range.展开更多
In this study,we explore the recently proposed f(R,A)gravity,a novel extension of modified gravity theories,where R represents the Ricci scalar and A denotes the anticurvature scalar.The addition of anticurvature term...In this study,we explore the recently proposed f(R,A)gravity,a novel extension of modified gravity theories,where R represents the Ricci scalar and A denotes the anticurvature scalar.The addition of anticurvature term might play a role in softening or avoiding singularities,offering smoother transitions in regions of high curvature,such as near black holes or during cosmic inflation(Amendol et al 2020 Phys.Lett.B 811135923).We also incorporate well-established cosmological bouncing scenarios,including the symmetric bounce,oscillatory bounce,matter bounce,little rip,and super bounce,to examine their implications within the framework of underlying gravity theory.In this context,we investigate some cosmic and thermodynamic aspects of flat FRW universe.We analyze the effective equation of state parameterωeff,which exhibits a transition from quintessence to phantom regimes across different bouncingcosmologies.The stability of the models is examined through the squared speed of soundparameter vs2,confirming stability in certain bouncing scenarios.The validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is verified by ensuring the positivity of total entropy production Stot.Additionally,theωeff-ω'eff plane exhibits the thawing as well as the freezing regions.Our findings demonstrate that the chosen bouncing models provide viable cosmic and thermodynamic behavior,supporting their relevance in modified gravity theories.展开更多
We investigate the null tests of cosmic accelerated expansion by using the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data measured by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument(DESI)and reconstruct the dimensionless Hubble parame...We investigate the null tests of cosmic accelerated expansion by using the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data measured by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument(DESI)and reconstruct the dimensionless Hubble parameter E(z)from the DESI BAO Alcock-Paczynski(AP)data using Gaussian process to perform the null test.We find strong evidence of accelerated expansion from the DESI BAO AP data.By reconstructing the deceleration parameter q(z) from the DESI BAO AP data,we find that accelerated expansion persisted until z■0.7 with a 99.7%confidence level.Additionally,to provide insights into the Hubble tension problem,we propose combining the reconstructed E(z) with DHd data to derive a model-independent result rdh=99.8±3.1 Mpc.This result is consistent with measurements from cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropies using the ΛCDM model.We also propose a model-independent method for reconstructing the comoving angular diameter distance DM(z) from the distance modulus μ,using SNe Ia data and combining this result with DESI BAO data of DMd to constrain the value of rd.We find that the value of rd,derived from this model-independent method,is smaller than that obtained from CMB measurements,with a significant discrepancy of at least 4.17σ.All the conclusions drawn in this paper are independent of cosmological models and gravitational theories.展开更多
Gsmic rays (CRs) have long puzzled scientists.What kind of drastic physical processes could have produced these highly energetic particles?How come the flux of them drops severely at energies beyond 3peta-electrovolt ...Gsmic rays (CRs) have long puzzled scientists.What kind of drastic physical processes could have produced these highly energetic particles?How come the flux of them drops severely at energies beyond 3peta-electrovolt (PeV,or 1015 eV),forming a knee-like bend?Two papers respectively published on November 16 and November 17 gave the answer.展开更多
COSMIC-2(constellation observing system for meteorology ionosphere and climate-2)作为COSMIC掩星星座的后续计划,得益于升级了支持多模GNSS信号的接收机和高增益定向波束掩星天线,其观测数据质量和数量得到显著提升。围绕掩星观...COSMIC-2(constellation observing system for meteorology ionosphere and climate-2)作为COSMIC掩星星座的后续计划,得益于升级了支持多模GNSS信号的接收机和高增益定向波束掩星天线,其观测数据质量和数量得到显著提升。围绕掩星观测数据和反演产品的定量评估,分析COSMIC-2定轨和掩星天线的原始观测数据质量,并以欧洲中期数值天气预报中心的再分析气象资料为基准,定量评估掩星反演大气廓线产品质量。结果显示,COSMIC-2定轨天线L1频段信噪比大多在45 dB以上,其对应伪距多路径效应中误差在0.2~0.4 m之间;掩星天线观测信噪比由第一代COSMIC的不足700 v/v大幅提升至1200 v/v,且GLONASS掩星廓线和GPS掩星廓线均与气象再分析资料表现出了很好的一致性。研究结果认为,升级后的COSMIC-2掩星载荷不仅大幅增加掩星观测数量,其高增益的掩星天线设计还有效地提升了掩星观测数据质量,为大气科学研究提供了重要气象观测资料。展开更多
In this work we study gravitational lensing of the wormhole in the Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld(EiBI)spacetime that incorporates with a cosmic string.It is found that the presence of a cosmic string can enhance the...In this work we study gravitational lensing of the wormhole in the Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld(EiBI)spacetime that incorporates with a cosmic string.It is found that the presence of a cosmic string can enhance the light deflection in the strong-field limit,compared to the Ellis–Bronnikov wormhole.The magnification effects of this composite structure could cause some substantial impacts on the angle separation between the first and the rest of the images,and their relative brightness.Furthermore,based on these observables,we model some observable aspects in the strong-and the weak-field limits.The presence of a cosmic string can affect some distinguishable observables compared to the wormhole without cosmic string.This work could deepen our understanding of the spacetime structure of the wormhole in EiBI spacetime with one-dimensional topological defects.展开更多
We investigate the relationship between the magnitudes of Forbush decreases(FDs)and solar-geomagnetic characteristics using daily-averaged galactic cosmic ray(GCR)data from Inuvick(INVK)and Magadan(MGDN)neutron monito...We investigate the relationship between the magnitudes of Forbush decreases(FDs)and solar-geomagnetic characteristics using daily-averaged galactic cosmic ray(GCR)data from Inuvick(INVK)and Magadan(MGDN)neutron monitor(NM)stations to aid in counting the case of GCR flux intensity modulation.The FDs,obtained with an automated new computer software algorithm from daily-averaged GCR data from the IZMIRAN common website:http://gffzz50888dfc0201490fhovvv5pkc0kfk6bbf.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/common,at INVK(224)and MGDN(229)NM stations,from 1998 to 2002,were used in the present work.The associated solar-geomagnetic parameters of the same time range were obtained from the OMNI website.A statistical analytical method was employed to test the link between FD amplitudes and solargeomagnetic variables.We observed negative trends in FD-IMF,FD-SWS,FD-Kp,FD-SSN and FD-SI,while a positive relation was indicated in FD-Dst at both stations.All are statistically significant at a 95%confidence level.The results obtained here imply that solar emission characteristics impact the GCR flux intensity modulation.展开更多
Extracting and parameterizing ionospheric waves globally and statistically is a longstanding problem. Based on the multichannel maximum entropy method(MMEM) used for studying ionospheric waves by previous work, we c...Extracting and parameterizing ionospheric waves globally and statistically is a longstanding problem. Based on the multichannel maximum entropy method(MMEM) used for studying ionospheric waves by previous work, we calculate the parameters of ionospheric waves by applying the MMEM to numerously temporally approximate and spatially close global-positioning-system radio occultation total electron content profile triples provided by the unique clustered satellites flight between years 2006 and 2007 right after the constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere, and climate(COSMIC) mission launch. The results show that the amplitude of ionospheric waves increases at the low and high latitudes(~0.15 TECU) and decreases in the mid-latitudes(~0.05 TECU). The vertical wavelength of the ionospheric waves increases in the mid-latitudes(e.g., ~50 km at altitudes of 200–250 km) and decreases at the low and high latitudes(e.g., ~35 km at altitudes of 200–250 km).The horizontal wavelength shows a similar result(e.g., ~1400 km in the mid-latitudes and ~800 km at the low and high latitudes).展开更多
COSMIC(Constellation Observation System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate)每天可以提供全球2000~3000条从40 km高空到近地面的大气温、压、湿的廓线资料,有效地弥补了常规探空资料在时间和空间上分辨率的不足。通过对2008年...COSMIC(Constellation Observation System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate)每天可以提供全球2000~3000条从40 km高空到近地面的大气温、压、湿的廓线资料,有效地弥补了常规探空资料在时间和空间上分辨率的不足。通过对2008年5月20日至2008年11月26日COSMIC资料与L波段探空秒数据进行比对,结果表明,在10 km高度以下,COSMIC反演的湿廓线资料与L波段探空数据偏差较小,温度偏差为-0.5℃,均方根误差为1.5℃;折射率偏差为1.4N,均方根误差为5.9N;气压偏差为2.0 hPa,均方根误差为4.7 hPa;水汽压偏差为0.1 hPa,均方根误差为1.1 hPa。COSMIC干廓线资料与L波段探空相比,在10~30 km高度内,温度偏差为-0.3℃,均方根误差为1.9℃;折射率偏差为0.4N,均方根误差为0.9N;气压偏差为1.4 hPa,均方根误差为2.6 hPa。表明COSMIC资料既具有较高的时空分辨率,又具有较好的精度,在数值模式中具有重要的潜在应用。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12588101,12535002,12175184,12433001,and 12205015)。
摘要The Ok null test can not only assess whether the cosmic curvature is zero—thereby,if true,reducing degeneracies between cosmic curvature and other cosmological parameters—but also provide a model-independent check of compatibility between different data sets.However,traditional implementations often require absolute distance data from Type Ia supernovae(SNe Ia)or baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)measurements,limiting their applicability because such absolute distance data are usually not accessible.The BAO Alcock-Paczynski(AP)parameter FAP is a measurement of a distance ratio,making the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument(DESI)AP measurements particularly well suited for the Oknull test,as no absolute distance measurements are required.We propose a novel null test of cosmic curvature tailored to DESI BAO data that combines FAPwith ratios such as D′V/DVor D′M/DM.Crucially,this construction eliminates the need for absolute distance measurements.We further develop multi-task Gaussian processes to perform the null test.This approach can also be applied to a joint DESI BAO and SNe Ia dataset,and we find that DESI BAO and SNe Ia data are compatible.Although there is~2σ evidence of nonzero curvature at low redshift z■0.5,this result is not conclusive,largely due to the lack of observational data in the corresponding redshift range.
基金funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan(Grant No.AP23483654)。
摘要In this study,we explore the recently proposed f(R,A)gravity,a novel extension of modified gravity theories,where R represents the Ricci scalar and A denotes the anticurvature scalar.The addition of anticurvature term might play a role in softening or avoiding singularities,offering smoother transitions in regions of high curvature,such as near black holes or during cosmic inflation(Amendol et al 2020 Phys.Lett.B 811135923).We also incorporate well-established cosmological bouncing scenarios,including the symmetric bounce,oscillatory bounce,matter bounce,little rip,and super bounce,to examine their implications within the framework of underlying gravity theory.In this context,we investigate some cosmic and thermodynamic aspects of flat FRW universe.We analyze the effective equation of state parameterωeff,which exhibits a transition from quintessence to phantom regimes across different bouncingcosmologies.The stability of the models is examined through the squared speed of soundparameter vs2,confirming stability in certain bouncing scenarios.The validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is verified by ensuring the positivity of total entropy production Stot.Additionally,theωeff-ω'eff plane exhibits the thawing as well as the freezing regions.Our findings demonstrate that the chosen bouncing models provide viable cosmic and thermodynamic behavior,supporting their relevance in modified gravity theories.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2020YFC2201504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12588101 and 12535002)。
摘要We investigate the null tests of cosmic accelerated expansion by using the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data measured by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument(DESI)and reconstruct the dimensionless Hubble parameter E(z)from the DESI BAO Alcock-Paczynski(AP)data using Gaussian process to perform the null test.We find strong evidence of accelerated expansion from the DESI BAO AP data.By reconstructing the deceleration parameter q(z) from the DESI BAO AP data,we find that accelerated expansion persisted until z■0.7 with a 99.7%confidence level.Additionally,to provide insights into the Hubble tension problem,we propose combining the reconstructed E(z) with DHd data to derive a model-independent result rdh=99.8±3.1 Mpc.This result is consistent with measurements from cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropies using the ΛCDM model.We also propose a model-independent method for reconstructing the comoving angular diameter distance DM(z) from the distance modulus μ,using SNe Ia data and combining this result with DESI BAO data of DMd to constrain the value of rd.We find that the value of rd,derived from this model-independent method,is smaller than that obtained from CMB measurements,with a significant discrepancy of at least 4.17σ.All the conclusions drawn in this paper are independent of cosmological models and gravitational theories.
摘要Gsmic rays (CRs) have long puzzled scientists.What kind of drastic physical processes could have produced these highly energetic particles?How come the flux of them drops severely at energies beyond 3peta-electrovolt (PeV,or 1015 eV),forming a knee-like bend?Two papers respectively published on November 16 and November 17 gave the answer.
摘要COSMIC-2(constellation observing system for meteorology ionosphere and climate-2)作为COSMIC掩星星座的后续计划,得益于升级了支持多模GNSS信号的接收机和高增益定向波束掩星天线,其观测数据质量和数量得到显著提升。围绕掩星观测数据和反演产品的定量评估,分析COSMIC-2定轨和掩星天线的原始观测数据质量,并以欧洲中期数值天气预报中心的再分析气象资料为基准,定量评估掩星反演大气廓线产品质量。结果显示,COSMIC-2定轨天线L1频段信噪比大多在45 dB以上,其对应伪距多路径效应中误差在0.2~0.4 m之间;掩星天线观测信噪比由第一代COSMIC的不足700 v/v大幅提升至1200 v/v,且GLONASS掩星廓线和GPS掩星廓线均与气象再分析资料表现出了很好的一致性。研究结果认为,升级后的COSMIC-2掩星载荷不仅大幅增加掩星观测数量,其高增益的掩星天线设计还有效地提升了掩星观测数据质量,为大气科学研究提供了重要气象观测资料。
基金supported by the Youth Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Grant No.2021GXNSFBA075049)the Doctor Start-up Foundation of Guangxi University of Science and Technology(Grant No.19Z21)+3 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12165009)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11865005)Hunan Natural Provincial Science Foundation(Grant No.2023JJ30487)supported by the starting Foundation of Guangxi University of Science and Technology(Grant No.24Z17)。
摘要In this work we study gravitational lensing of the wormhole in the Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld(EiBI)spacetime that incorporates with a cosmic string.It is found that the presence of a cosmic string can enhance the light deflection in the strong-field limit,compared to the Ellis–Bronnikov wormhole.The magnification effects of this composite structure could cause some substantial impacts on the angle separation between the first and the rest of the images,and their relative brightness.Furthermore,based on these observables,we model some observable aspects in the strong-and the weak-field limits.The presence of a cosmic string can affect some distinguishable observables compared to the wormhole without cosmic string.This work could deepen our understanding of the spacetime structure of the wormhole in EiBI spacetime with one-dimensional topological defects.
摘要We investigate the relationship between the magnitudes of Forbush decreases(FDs)and solar-geomagnetic characteristics using daily-averaged galactic cosmic ray(GCR)data from Inuvick(INVK)and Magadan(MGDN)neutron monitor(NM)stations to aid in counting the case of GCR flux intensity modulation.The FDs,obtained with an automated new computer software algorithm from daily-averaged GCR data from the IZMIRAN common website:http://gffzz50888dfc0201490fhovvv5pkc0kfk6bbf.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/common,at INVK(224)and MGDN(229)NM stations,from 1998 to 2002,were used in the present work.The associated solar-geomagnetic parameters of the same time range were obtained from the OMNI website.A statistical analytical method was employed to test the link between FD amplitudes and solargeomagnetic variables.We observed negative trends in FD-IMF,FD-SWS,FD-Kp,FD-SSN and FD-SI,while a positive relation was indicated in FD-Dst at both stations.All are statistically significant at a 95%confidence level.The results obtained here imply that solar emission characteristics impact the GCR flux intensity modulation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 41774158,41474129 and 41704148the Chinese Meridian Projectthe Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No2011324
摘要Extracting and parameterizing ionospheric waves globally and statistically is a longstanding problem. Based on the multichannel maximum entropy method(MMEM) used for studying ionospheric waves by previous work, we calculate the parameters of ionospheric waves by applying the MMEM to numerously temporally approximate and spatially close global-positioning-system radio occultation total electron content profile triples provided by the unique clustered satellites flight between years 2006 and 2007 right after the constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere, and climate(COSMIC) mission launch. The results show that the amplitude of ionospheric waves increases at the low and high latitudes(~0.15 TECU) and decreases in the mid-latitudes(~0.05 TECU). The vertical wavelength of the ionospheric waves increases in the mid-latitudes(e.g., ~50 km at altitudes of 200–250 km) and decreases at the low and high latitudes(e.g., ~35 km at altitudes of 200–250 km).The horizontal wavelength shows a similar result(e.g., ~1400 km in the mid-latitudes and ~800 km at the low and high latitudes).