Objective Allocation of human resources to address inequalities in the public health system has increasingly attracted societal and political attention.Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)system ...Objective Allocation of human resources to address inequalities in the public health system has increasingly attracted societal and political attention.Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)system of China as an example,we evaluated inequality in the public health workforce distribution across different regions in China between 2008 and 2017,with the aim of providing information for policymakers to support resource allocation and address growing health inequities.Methods We used three standard public health workforce inequality indices-Gini coefficient,Theil L,and Theil T-and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore spatial clusters of the workforce in different provinces,visualized with geographical tools.Results The aggregate workforce-to-population ratio decreased from 1.47 to 1.42 per 10,000 population from 2008 to 2017,and was consistently lower than the National Health Commission’s(NHC)recommended critical shortage threshold of 1.75.The workforce distribution inequality indices varied by regional socioeconomic and health system development.Geographic clustering of CDCs workforce distribution was evident,with H–H and L–L clusters in western China and the Guangdong-Fujian region,respectively.Conclusions Our study addressed key issues for government and policymakers in allocation of public health human resources.There is an urgent need for careful identification of analytic questions that will help carry out public health functions in the new era,alongside policy implications for an equitable distribution of the public health workforce focusing on the western region and low–low cluster areas.展开更多
In order to regenerate myocardium and provide appropriate mechanical support after a heart attack,jersey,tuck and rib stitch structures were knitted from polylactic acid(PLA)yarns to fabricate a cardiac patch,which mi...In order to regenerate myocardium and provide appropriate mechanical support after a heart attack,jersey,tuck and rib stitch structures were knitted from polylactic acid(PLA)yarns to fabricate a cardiac patch,which mimicked the mechanical properties of myocardium in both directions.Cardiosphere-derived cells(CDCs) were seeded on these PLA patch fabrics,and using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) characterization and an MTT assay the cells proliferated and attached successfully to the PLA fabrics.Based on the results,the rib stitch structure is the most promising candidate for fabricating cardiac patches due to its high elasticity and its ability to promote cell proliferation.展开更多
County-to-district conversion(CDC) has restructured the pattern of urban-rural development and influenced the allocation of resources by local governments as well as the urbanization process.However,the impact and mec...County-to-district conversion(CDC) has restructured the pattern of urban-rural development and influenced the allocation of resources by local governments as well as the urbanization process.However,the impact and mechanism of the CDC on China's urban-rural integration development(URID) are not yet clear.Using panel data from 52 county-level cities,districts,and counties in Jiangsu Province of China during 2005–2021,this paper constructed an evaluation system for URID and applied the multi-period difference-in-differences(DID) model to measure the impact of the CDC on URID and identify its primary mechanisms of action.The results demonstrated that the CDC has significantly fostered URID,though with pronounced regional heterogeneity.Specifically,while the CDC facilitated URID in the southern and central Jiangsu Province—regions characterized by high socio-economic development—it exerted a less significant impact in the comparatively underdeveloped northern Jiangsu Province.Mechanistically,the implementation of the CDC promotes equal regional development,enhances rural selfdevelopment capacity,improves environmental quality and living standards,and optimizes urban-rural land allocation and transport networks.Ultimately,this study clarifies the role of the CDC in China,provides insights for achieving URID,and offers a reference for other countries pursuing coordinated urban-rural development.展开更多
目的探究CDC40在结直肠癌组织中的表达特征及其与临床病理特征的相关性,为结直肠癌的早期诊断、靶向治疗及预后评估提供依据。方法采用免疫组织化学染色评估70例结直肠癌患者组织中CDC40表达水平,并分析其与临床病理特征关系;运用R软件...目的探究CDC40在结直肠癌组织中的表达特征及其与临床病理特征的相关性,为结直肠癌的早期诊断、靶向治疗及预后评估提供依据。方法采用免疫组织化学染色评估70例结直肠癌患者组织中CDC40表达水平,并分析其与临床病理特征关系;运用R软件包进行生存曲线和多因素预后分析;使用结直肠癌细胞系SW620和Caco-2进行细胞培养、CDC40质粒转染、细胞增殖实验、蛋白质印迹及裸鼠成瘤实验,以验证CDC40对细胞增殖的影响,实验数据采用IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22软件进行统计分析。结果70例患者中CDC40高表达组占51.4%,其表达高低与肿瘤分化程度、T分期、淋巴结转移及增殖指数Ki67水平相关,与性别、年龄、远处转移无关;多因素和单因素生存分析显示CDC40高表达与患者更差的生存预后相关;体外实验中过表达CDC40促进结直肠癌细胞系增殖;裸鼠成瘤实验表明过表达CDC40促进肿瘤生长。结论CDC40在结直肠癌发生发展中起重要作用,可作为潜在分子标志物和治疗靶点。展开更多
This study analyzes asthma-related mortality trends among U.S.adults(≥25 years)from 1999 to 2023 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research(CDC WOND...This study analyzes asthma-related mortality trends among U.S.adults(≥25 years)from 1999 to 2023 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research(CDC WONDER)database,calculating age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)per 100,000 population stratified by demographics and geography.By fitting log-linear regression models to estimate annual percent changes(APCs)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results show a significant overall decline in AAMR from 2.46(95%CI:2.39-2.53)in 1999 to 1.33(95%CI:1.29-1.38)in 2023(average annual percent change,AAPC:2.43).Adults aged 45-64 years accounted for the largest proportion of asthma-related deaths(32.22%of deaths),with significant decline(AAPC:1.71).Women accounted for 64.62%of deaths,exhibiting persistently higher AAMR than men(AAPC:2.60).Non-Hispanic(NH)Black individuals had the highest overall AAMR in 1999(5.56)and 2023(2.84),with a transient 2017-2020 surge(APC:9.40).The Northeast surpassed the West as the highest-burden region by 2023,while Louisiana achieved the lowest state-level AAMR(0.76).Strategies are recommend,including workplace screening(ages 45-64);sex-specific strategies for women;culturally tailored community health workers for NH Black individuals;and improved asthma action plans in the Northeast.展开更多
Objective This study explored the job choice preferences of Center for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC)workers to provide CDC management information and recommendations for optimizing employee retention and motivat...Objective This study explored the job choice preferences of Center for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC)workers to provide CDC management information and recommendations for optimizing employee retention and motivation policies.Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted in nine provinces across China.Seven key attributes were identified to analyze the job preferences of CDC workers.Mixed logit models,latent class models,and policy simulation tools were used.Results A valid sample of 5,944 cases was included in the analysis.All seven attributes significantly influenced the job choices of CDC workers.Heterogeneity analyses identified two main groups based on different levels of preference for attribute utility.Income-prioritizers were concerned with income and opportunities for career development,whereas bianzhi-prioritizers were concerned with bianzhi and welfare benefits.The policy simulation analysis revealed that income-prioritizers had a relatively higher sensitivity to multiple job preference incentives.Conclusion Income and bianzhi were the two key attributes influencing the job choices and retention preferences of CDC workers.Heterogeneity in job preferences was also identified.Based on the preference characteristics of different subgroups,policy content should be skewed to differentiate the importance of incentives.展开更多
基金funded by China CDC’s Public Health and Emergency Response Mechanism Programme[131031001000150001]。
摘要Objective Allocation of human resources to address inequalities in the public health system has increasingly attracted societal and political attention.Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)system of China as an example,we evaluated inequality in the public health workforce distribution across different regions in China between 2008 and 2017,with the aim of providing information for policymakers to support resource allocation and address growing health inequities.Methods We used three standard public health workforce inequality indices-Gini coefficient,Theil L,and Theil T-and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore spatial clusters of the workforce in different provinces,visualized with geographical tools.Results The aggregate workforce-to-population ratio decreased from 1.47 to 1.42 per 10,000 population from 2008 to 2017,and was consistently lower than the National Health Commission’s(NHC)recommended critical shortage threshold of 1.75.The workforce distribution inequality indices varied by regional socioeconomic and health system development.Geographic clustering of CDCs workforce distribution was evident,with H–H and L–L clusters in western China and the Guangdong-Fujian region,respectively.Conclusions Our study addressed key issues for government and policymakers in allocation of public health human resources.There is an urgent need for careful identification of analytic questions that will help carry out public health functions in the new era,alongside policy implications for an equitable distribution of the public health workforce focusing on the western region and low–low cluster areas.
基金the College of Textiles,North Carolina State University,Raleigh,USA“111 Project” Biomedical Textile Materials Science and Technology,China(No.B07024)
摘要In order to regenerate myocardium and provide appropriate mechanical support after a heart attack,jersey,tuck and rib stitch structures were knitted from polylactic acid(PLA)yarns to fabricate a cardiac patch,which mimicked the mechanical properties of myocardium in both directions.Cardiosphere-derived cells(CDCs) were seeded on these PLA patch fabrics,and using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) characterization and an MTT assay the cells proliferated and attached successfully to the PLA fabrics.Based on the results,the rib stitch structure is the most promising candidate for fabricating cardiac patches due to its high elasticity and its ability to promote cell proliferation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42271252,42230510)。
摘要County-to-district conversion(CDC) has restructured the pattern of urban-rural development and influenced the allocation of resources by local governments as well as the urbanization process.However,the impact and mechanism of the CDC on China's urban-rural integration development(URID) are not yet clear.Using panel data from 52 county-level cities,districts,and counties in Jiangsu Province of China during 2005–2021,this paper constructed an evaluation system for URID and applied the multi-period difference-in-differences(DID) model to measure the impact of the CDC on URID and identify its primary mechanisms of action.The results demonstrated that the CDC has significantly fostered URID,though with pronounced regional heterogeneity.Specifically,while the CDC facilitated URID in the southern and central Jiangsu Province—regions characterized by high socio-economic development—it exerted a less significant impact in the comparatively underdeveloped northern Jiangsu Province.Mechanistically,the implementation of the CDC promotes equal regional development,enhances rural selfdevelopment capacity,improves environmental quality and living standards,and optimizes urban-rural land allocation and transport networks.Ultimately,this study clarifies the role of the CDC in China,provides insights for achieving URID,and offers a reference for other countries pursuing coordinated urban-rural development.
摘要目的探究CDC40在结直肠癌组织中的表达特征及其与临床病理特征的相关性,为结直肠癌的早期诊断、靶向治疗及预后评估提供依据。方法采用免疫组织化学染色评估70例结直肠癌患者组织中CDC40表达水平,并分析其与临床病理特征关系;运用R软件包进行生存曲线和多因素预后分析;使用结直肠癌细胞系SW620和Caco-2进行细胞培养、CDC40质粒转染、细胞增殖实验、蛋白质印迹及裸鼠成瘤实验,以验证CDC40对细胞增殖的影响,实验数据采用IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22软件进行统计分析。结果70例患者中CDC40高表达组占51.4%,其表达高低与肿瘤分化程度、T分期、淋巴结转移及增殖指数Ki67水平相关,与性别、年龄、远处转移无关;多因素和单因素生存分析显示CDC40高表达与患者更差的生存预后相关;体外实验中过表达CDC40促进结直肠癌细胞系增殖;裸鼠成瘤实验表明过表达CDC40促进肿瘤生长。结论CDC40在结直肠癌发生发展中起重要作用,可作为潜在分子标志物和治疗靶点。
基金supported by grants from the Medical Science Research Project of Hebei(No.20261420).
摘要This study analyzes asthma-related mortality trends among U.S.adults(≥25 years)from 1999 to 2023 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research(CDC WONDER)database,calculating age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)per 100,000 population stratified by demographics and geography.By fitting log-linear regression models to estimate annual percent changes(APCs)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results show a significant overall decline in AAMR from 2.46(95%CI:2.39-2.53)in 1999 to 1.33(95%CI:1.29-1.38)in 2023(average annual percent change,AAPC:2.43).Adults aged 45-64 years accounted for the largest proportion of asthma-related deaths(32.22%of deaths),with significant decline(AAPC:1.71).Women accounted for 64.62%of deaths,exhibiting persistently higher AAMR than men(AAPC:2.60).Non-Hispanic(NH)Black individuals had the highest overall AAMR in 1999(5.56)and 2023(2.84),with a transient 2017-2020 surge(APC:9.40).The Northeast surpassed the West as the highest-burden region by 2023,while Louisiana achieved the lowest state-level AAMR(0.76).Strategies are recommend,including workplace screening(ages 45-64);sex-specific strategies for women;culturally tailored community health workers for NH Black individuals;and improved asthma action plans in the Northeast.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(no.2022YFC3600801)the Operation of Public Health Emergency Response Mechanisms of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(no.102393220020010000017)。
摘要Objective This study explored the job choice preferences of Center for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC)workers to provide CDC management information and recommendations for optimizing employee retention and motivation policies.Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted in nine provinces across China.Seven key attributes were identified to analyze the job preferences of CDC workers.Mixed logit models,latent class models,and policy simulation tools were used.Results A valid sample of 5,944 cases was included in the analysis.All seven attributes significantly influenced the job choices of CDC workers.Heterogeneity analyses identified two main groups based on different levels of preference for attribute utility.Income-prioritizers were concerned with income and opportunities for career development,whereas bianzhi-prioritizers were concerned with bianzhi and welfare benefits.The policy simulation analysis revealed that income-prioritizers had a relatively higher sensitivity to multiple job preference incentives.Conclusion Income and bianzhi were the two key attributes influencing the job choices and retention preferences of CDC workers.Heterogeneity in job preferences was also identified.Based on the preference characteristics of different subgroups,policy content should be skewed to differentiate the importance of incentives.