基于1993—2024年松辽流域225个国家常规气象站的逐日降水数据和来自NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)不同分辨的CMAP(CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation)和CPC(CPC Global Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of ...基于1993—2024年松辽流域225个国家常规气象站的逐日降水数据和来自NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)不同分辨的CMAP(CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation)和CPC(CPC Global Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation)资料,探讨了NOAA两套降水资料对松辽流域夏季降水的适用性。结果表明:(1)CMAP和CPC均能够较合理地反映松辽流域6—8月降水量的空间分布特征,但CPC更能刻画出松辽流域降水细节上的分布特征;(2)泰勒图上CPC相比于CMAP与观测数据的相关系数更大,其标准差与观测数据的标准差更接近;(3)评估指标在不同省份的统计以及逐月空间分布均表明,总体上,CPC格点资料相比于CMAP在松辽流域夏季降水模式误差订正业务应用中的适用性更好。展开更多
Carotenoids are one of the most important pigments for the coloring of many plants,fruits,and flowers.Recently,significant progress has been made in carotenoid metabolism.However,our specific understanding of the tran...Carotenoids are one of the most important pigments for the coloring of many plants,fruits,and flowers.Recently,significant progress has been made in carotenoid metabolism.However,our specific understanding of the transcriptional regulation that controls the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes remains extremely limited.Anemone-type chrysanthemums,a special group of chrysanthemum cultivars,contain elongated disc florets in the capitulum that usually differ in color from the ray florets because of their different carotenoid contents.In this study,the carotenoid composition and content of ray and disc florets from the anemone-type chrysanthemumcultivar“Dong Li Fen Gui”were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS/MS),and the key structural gene CmCCD4a-2,whose differential expression resulted in different carotenoid contents in these two types of florets,was identified.The promoter sequence of CmCCD4a-2 was then used as bait to screen a chrysanthemum flower cDNA library,and the transcription factors(TFs)CmAP3 and CmUIF1 were identified.Y2H,BiFC,and Y3H experiments demonstrated that these two TFs were connected by CmPI to form a CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex.This TF complex regulated carotenoid metabolism by directly activating the expression of CmCCD4a-2.A large number of target genes regulated directly by the CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex,including carotenoid biosynthetic genes,flavonoid biosynthetic genes,and flower development-related genes,were identified by DNA-affinity purification sequencing(DAP-seq).This result indicated that the CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex may participate in multiple processes.These findings expand our knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid metabolism in plants and will be helpful for manipulating carotenoid accumulation in chrysanthemum.展开更多
In this study, 16 combinations of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast) reanalyzed daily rainfall and the pentad CMAP in China for the period 1980-1993(1 May-31 Dec.) were calculated. Correlati...In this study, 16 combinations of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast) reanalyzed daily rainfall and the pentad CMAP in China for the period 1980-1993(1 May-31 Dec.) were calculated. Correlation analysis was used to roughly evaluate daily rainfall for the whole of China and a combination of RPC (rotated principal component) and wavelet analyses was applied to data on observed and combined daily rainfall to obtain a detailed evaluation of the quality of these combined datasets in 6 selected major rainfall regions of eastern China. The results showed that except for intraweekly fluctuation, the best combination was roughly similar to or accorded well with observation in the aspects of space variation patterns and long period rainfall fluctuations related to monsoon onset and serious meteorologic disasters, indicating that this combination yielded better values of long term daily mean and standard deviation through the pentad CMAP (CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation), and can also represent rainfall fluctuations through the reanalyzed daily rainfall.展开更多
This study compares the boreal summer monsoon (BSM) precipitation between the GPCP and CMAP products during 1979-2014. The authors apply temporal, spatial correlation and error evaluation methods to evaluate their d...This study compares the boreal summer monsoon (BSM) precipitation between the GPCP and CMAP products during 1979-2014. The authors apply temporal, spatial correlation and error evaluation methods to evaluate their discrepancies in terms of BSM distribution and summer rainfall interannual variability over the five BSM regions. The results suggest that the climatology of the seasonal evolution of BSM rainfall is reflected well in both datasets, and the summer rainfall anomalies of the two products are highly correlated. However, major diversity is found in the rainfall pattern and the magnitude in climatology over the oceanic monsoon areas, especially the western North Pacific monsoon region, as well as in the interannual variability of summer rainfall anomalies over the North Africa and India monsoon regions. Although inconsistency between the two datasets is evident before the 1990s, the use of their arithmetic mean is demonstrated to be an efficient way to reduce the uncertainty between them.展开更多
This study presents a novel compound muscle action potential(CMAP)examination of motor unit changes in paretic muscle post stroke.CMAP scan of the first dorsal interosseous(FDI)muscle was performed bilaterally in 16 c...This study presents a novel compound muscle action potential(CMAP)examination of motor unit changes in paretic muscle post stroke.CMAP scan of the first dorsal interosseous(FDI)muscle was performed bilaterally in 16 chronic stroke subjects.Various parameters were derived from the CMAP scan to examine paretic muscle changes,including CMAP amplitude,D50,step index(STEPIX)and amplitude index(AMPIX).A significant decrease in CMAP amplitude and STEPIX was observed in paretic muscles compared with contralateral muscles(CMAP amplitude:paretic(9.0±0.5)mV,contralateral(11.3±0.9)mV,P=0.024;STEPIX:paretic 101.2±7.6,contralateral 121.9±6.5,P=0.020).No significant difference in D50 and AMPIX was observed between the paretic and contralateral sides(P>0.05).The findings revealed complex paretic muscle changes including motor unit degeneration,muscle fiber denervation,reinnervation and atrophy,providing useful insights to help understand neuromuscular mechanisms associated with weakness and other functional deterioration post stroke.The CMAP scan experimental protocols and the applied processing methods are noninvasive,convenient,and automated,offering practical benefits for clinical application.展开更多
摘要基于1993—2024年松辽流域225个国家常规气象站的逐日降水数据和来自NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)不同分辨的CMAP(CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation)和CPC(CPC Global Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation)资料,探讨了NOAA两套降水资料对松辽流域夏季降水的适用性。结果表明:(1)CMAP和CPC均能够较合理地反映松辽流域6—8月降水量的空间分布特征,但CPC更能刻画出松辽流域降水细节上的分布特征;(2)泰勒图上CPC相比于CMAP与观测数据的相关系数更大,其标准差与观测数据的标准差更接近;(3)评估指标在不同省份的统计以及逐月空间分布均表明,总体上,CPC格点资料相比于CMAP在松辽流域夏季降水模式误差订正业务应用中的适用性更好。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFD1000405)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.6212022).
摘要Carotenoids are one of the most important pigments for the coloring of many plants,fruits,and flowers.Recently,significant progress has been made in carotenoid metabolism.However,our specific understanding of the transcriptional regulation that controls the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes remains extremely limited.Anemone-type chrysanthemums,a special group of chrysanthemum cultivars,contain elongated disc florets in the capitulum that usually differ in color from the ray florets because of their different carotenoid contents.In this study,the carotenoid composition and content of ray and disc florets from the anemone-type chrysanthemumcultivar“Dong Li Fen Gui”were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS/MS),and the key structural gene CmCCD4a-2,whose differential expression resulted in different carotenoid contents in these two types of florets,was identified.The promoter sequence of CmCCD4a-2 was then used as bait to screen a chrysanthemum flower cDNA library,and the transcription factors(TFs)CmAP3 and CmUIF1 were identified.Y2H,BiFC,and Y3H experiments demonstrated that these two TFs were connected by CmPI to form a CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex.This TF complex regulated carotenoid metabolism by directly activating the expression of CmCCD4a-2.A large number of target genes regulated directly by the CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex,including carotenoid biosynthetic genes,flavonoid biosynthetic genes,and flower development-related genes,were identified by DNA-affinity purification sequencing(DAP-seq).This result indicated that the CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex may participate in multiple processes.These findings expand our knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid metabolism in plants and will be helpful for manipulating carotenoid accumulation in chrysanthemum.
摘要In this study, 16 combinations of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast) reanalyzed daily rainfall and the pentad CMAP in China for the period 1980-1993(1 May-31 Dec.) were calculated. Correlation analysis was used to roughly evaluate daily rainfall for the whole of China and a combination of RPC (rotated principal component) and wavelet analyses was applied to data on observed and combined daily rainfall to obtain a detailed evaluation of the quality of these combined datasets in 6 selected major rainfall regions of eastern China. The results showed that except for intraweekly fluctuation, the best combination was roughly similar to or accorded well with observation in the aspects of space variation patterns and long period rainfall fluctuations related to monsoon onset and serious meteorologic disasters, indicating that this combination yielded better values of long term daily mean and standard deviation through the pentad CMAP (CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation), and can also represent rainfall fluctuations through the reanalyzed daily rainfall.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41475057],[grant number 41221064],[grant number 91437218],[grant number41505049]the Key Program of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences[grant number 2015Z001]
摘要This study compares the boreal summer monsoon (BSM) precipitation between the GPCP and CMAP products during 1979-2014. The authors apply temporal, spatial correlation and error evaluation methods to evaluate their discrepancies in terms of BSM distribution and summer rainfall interannual variability over the five BSM regions. The results suggest that the climatology of the seasonal evolution of BSM rainfall is reflected well in both datasets, and the summer rainfall anomalies of the two products are highly correlated. However, major diversity is found in the rainfall pattern and the magnitude in climatology over the oceanic monsoon areas, especially the western North Pacific monsoon region, as well as in the interannual variability of summer rainfall anomalies over the North Africa and India monsoon regions. Although inconsistency between the two datasets is evident before the 1990s, the use of their arithmetic mean is demonstrated to be an efficient way to reduce the uncertainty between them.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82102179)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020KF012,ZR2021QH267,ZR2021QH053)+2 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty(shslczdzk02701)the National Institutes of Health(7 R21 NS113716-02)the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research(90REMM0001-01-00).
摘要This study presents a novel compound muscle action potential(CMAP)examination of motor unit changes in paretic muscle post stroke.CMAP scan of the first dorsal interosseous(FDI)muscle was performed bilaterally in 16 chronic stroke subjects.Various parameters were derived from the CMAP scan to examine paretic muscle changes,including CMAP amplitude,D50,step index(STEPIX)and amplitude index(AMPIX).A significant decrease in CMAP amplitude and STEPIX was observed in paretic muscles compared with contralateral muscles(CMAP amplitude:paretic(9.0±0.5)mV,contralateral(11.3±0.9)mV,P=0.024;STEPIX:paretic 101.2±7.6,contralateral 121.9±6.5,P=0.020).No significant difference in D50 and AMPIX was observed between the paretic and contralateral sides(P>0.05).The findings revealed complex paretic muscle changes including motor unit degeneration,muscle fiber denervation,reinnervation and atrophy,providing useful insights to help understand neuromuscular mechanisms associated with weakness and other functional deterioration post stroke.The CMAP scan experimental protocols and the applied processing methods are noninvasive,convenient,and automated,offering practical benefits for clinical application.