CuZnAl(CZA)is a classic industrial catalyst widely used for the synthesis of methanol from syngas,but its catalytic performance is not optimal for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.Meanwhile,understanding the ca...CuZnAl(CZA)is a classic industrial catalyst widely used for the synthesis of methanol from syngas,but its catalytic performance is not optimal for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.Meanwhile,understanding the catalytic mechanism of Cu species in the CZA catalyst remains a great challenge.In this study,we systematically investigated the valence state change of active Cu species in CZA catalyst and their influence on catalytic performance by modifying the catalysts with varying amounts of electron donor K,thus identifying the catalytic function of Cu species with different valence states.H2-TPR,XPS and HR-TEM characterizations reveal that the highly dispersed K species supported on CZA catalysts will inhibit the reduction of CuO,resulting in a small amount of Cu2O active species being produced under reaction conditions thus causing a decrease in catalytic activity.Furthermore,XRD and Cu LMM spectra show that the proportion of Cu0 in K-modified CZA catalysts increases with K loading,but a higher proportion of Cu0 species on the surface obviously promotes the reverse water gas shift(RWGS)reaction.According to the results of in situ infrared spectroscopy,CZA catalyst follows the reaction pathway mediated by HCOO*in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.展开更多
Tandem CO2 electroreduction integrated with carbonylation reactions offers a promising pathway for transforming greenhouse gases into valuable chemical products.The development of efficient CO2-to-CO electrocata...Tandem CO2 electroreduction integrated with carbonylation reactions offers a promising pathway for transforming greenhouse gases into valuable chemical products.The development of efficient CO2-to-CO electrocatalysts operational across wide potential ranges is crucial to address renewable energy fluctuations and facilitate integrated cascade systems.Herein,a Ni single-atom catalyst(SAC)with sulfur doping in the second shell of Ni-N4 is reported.In situ measurements and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the incorporation S atoms not only modulates the electronic configuration of Ni active sites but also enhances H2O adsorption,enabling rapid CO2 hydrogenation into *COOH intermediates even at high potentials.Consequently,the Ni-N-S/CNS catalyst achieves a Faradaic efficiency for CO2-to-CO(FeCO)of 99.3% at-0.7 VRHE and maintains over 90%across pH-universal conditions with ultrawide potential windows:1400 mV(from-0.3 VRHE to-1.7 VRHE)in alkaline media,1200 mV(from-0.7 VRHE to-1.9VRHE)in neutral conditions,and 1000 mV(from-1.3 VRHE to-2.3 VRHE)in acidic environments.Remarkably,this catalyst enables the tandem CO2RR and N-alkylaniline carbonylation process for synthesizing o-aminobenzoates and isatoic anhydrides with high yield.Our findings demonstrate an electrothermocatalytic tandem strategy for cost-effective CO2 conversion and synthesis of high valuable fine chemicals,thereby broadening the scope of its utilization.展开更多
Integrating electrochemical CO2 conversion with carbon capture extends the CO2 source beyond pure or point-source streams.By directly interfacing with capture units,reactive CO2 capture electrolysis circumven...Integrating electrochemical CO2 conversion with carbon capture extends the CO2 source beyond pure or point-source streams.By directly interfacing with capture units,reactive CO2 capture electrolysis circumvents the energy-intensive regeneration and compression processes to supply pure CO2 stream,also minimizes the amount of unreacted CO2 through gas-fed CO2 electrolysis.However,the conversion pathway is hampered by high electrolyser voltages and reliance on precious and thick metal catalysts(>2.0 mg cm-2).Here,we report an energy-efficient reactive CO2 capture electrolysis system enabled by an ultra-low loading molecular catalyst(cobalt phthalocyanine anchored onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes,Co Pc/CNT).When the Co Pc/CNT exceeds 0.2 mg cm-2loading on cathode,the thicker Co Pc/CNT layer largely increase electrical and mass transfer resistances.This limits the availability of local CO2 at the catalyst surface,suppressing the formation of adsorbed intermediates(COOH*/CO*)on cobalt centres,as observed by operando Raman spectroscopy.Benefiting from the features,the electrolysis system achieves a single-pass CO2 conversion of 55.1%at 300 m A cm-2 and a faradaic efficiency of CO(FECO)84.7%at a 0.2 mg cm-2.At 100 m A cm-2,the synergistic combination of Co Pc/CNT with a two-layer membrane architecture reduces electrolyser voltage by 30%to widely used bipolar membrane(BPM)-incorporated electrolyser and 17%voltage to metal catalyst-based cathode.This study offers a costeffective molecular catalyst for reactive CO2 capture electrolysis and paves the way for energy-efficient carbon capture and utilisation integrated systems.展开更多
The direct synthesis of aromatic compounds from the reduction of CO2 remains challenging due to harsh operating conditions,low aromatic yields,and catalyst deactivation.A comprehensive understanding of the distance...The direct synthesis of aromatic compounds from the reduction of CO2 remains challenging due to harsh operating conditions,low aromatic yields,and catalyst deactivation.A comprehensive understanding of the distance-induced optimal activity is therefore essential for achieving a rational spatial arrangement of multifunctional active sites for the hydrogenation of CO2 to generate aromatic compounds.In this study,a triple-bed catalyst system is reported,which directly converts CO2 into aromatic compounds with low CO emission levels.At a CO2 conversion of 50.3%,the hydrocarbon pool contained 73.6%aromatic compounds while maintaining a moderately low CO selectivity of 13.9%.The BTEX(benzene,toluene,xylene,and ethylbenzene)selectivity within the aromatic products reached 67.8%and remained stable over 125 h,with only a slight decline being observed beyond this time.Compared to the mortar-and granular-mixed configurations,the triple-bed system exhibited a superior catalytic stability,likely due to the suppression of Na-induced poisoning on the zeolite acid sites.Additionally,the close contact between Fe and the zeolite structure altered the Fe phase evolution process for the chain extension reaction,while also significantly degrading the structural integrity of the zeolite.Under 370℃ and 3.5 MPa conditions,the zeolite crystallinity in the mortar-mixed 11%Na-promoted FeAlO x/Zn-HZSM-5@SiO2 catalyst dropped below 12%,whereas the double-and triple-bed configurations retained crystallinities of~65%,which likely contributed to the improved catalyst longevity.These results indicate that the triple-bed configuration provides a promising route for enhancing the stability and efficiency of the direct hydrogenation reaction to generate aromatic compounds from CO2.展开更多
Catalytic CO2-to-methanol conversion presents a synergistic approach for concurrent greenhouse gas abatement and sustainable energy carrier synthesis.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)with maximized atomic utilization,tai...Catalytic CO2-to-methanol conversion presents a synergistic approach for concurrent greenhouse gas abatement and sustainable energy carrier synthesis.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)with maximized atomic utilization,tailored electronic configurations and unique metal-support interactions,exhibit superior performance in CO2 activation and methanol synthesis.This review systematically compares reaction mechanisms and pathways across thermal,photocatalytic and electrocatalytic systems,emphasizing structure-activity relationships governed by active sites,coordination microenvironments and support functionalities.Through case studies of representative SACs,we elucidate how metal-support synergies dictate intermediate binding energetics and methanol selectivity.A critical analysis of reaction parameters(e.g.,temperature,pressure)reveals condition-dependent catalytic behaviors in thermal system,with fewer studies in photo/electrocatalytic systems identified as key knowledge gaps.While thermal catalysis achieves industrially viable methanol yields,the scalability is constrained by energy-intensive operation and catalyst sintering.Conversely,photo/electrocatalytic routes offer renewable energy integration but suffer from inefficient charge dynamics and mass transport limitations.To address the challenges,we propose strategic research priorities on precise design of active sites,synergy of multiple technological pathways,development of intelligent catalytic systems and diverse CO2 feedstock compatibility.These insights establish a framework for developing next-generation SACs,offering both theoretical foundations and technological blueprints for developing carbon-negative catalytic technologies.展开更多
The breaking of the symmetric electronic distribution of single-atom catalysts is effective in improving the intrinsic activity.However,traditional modification strategies can only disrupt the electronic distribution ...The breaking of the symmetric electronic distribution of single-atom catalysts is effective in improving the intrinsic activity.However,traditional modification strategies can only disrupt the electronic distribution in one dimension,resulting in limited regulation of electronic structure.Herein,we report a multidimensional coordination strategy to significantly break the symmetrical electron distribution of the metal single site to achieve highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2 RR).Ni singleatom sites decorated with planar P and axial Cl atoms are successfully constructed on carbon support(Ni-NPCl-C).Ni-NPCl-C affords CO Faraday efficiency over 90%in a wide potential window range from-0.5 to-1.2 V and an ultrahigh turnover frequency of 1.17×105h-1,much superior to its counterparts with single-dimensional coordination.Ni-NPCl-C can be further applied as a bifunctional catalyst to construct a rechargeable Zn-CO2 battery.Spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the dual adjustments with axial Cl and planar P can synergistically disrupt the electron distribution in two dimensions to increase electrons around Ni sites with the upshift of the d-band center,thereby facilitating the formation of*COOH intermediates and improving the CO2 RR performance.展开更多
The selective catalytic hydrogenation of CO2to CO via the RWGS reaction is an effective avenue for resource utilization of CO2.In this study,we prepared serial La2O3-doped Ru catalysts(i.e.,RuLa/SBA-15)usi...The selective catalytic hydrogenation of CO2to CO via the RWGS reaction is an effective avenue for resource utilization of CO2.In this study,we prepared serial La2O3-doped Ru catalysts(i.e.,RuLa/SBA-15)using a facile sequential impregnation method,and applied it for the selective hydrogenation conversion of CO2into CO.The La2O3doping remarkably promotes the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles and induces the formation of electron-deficient Ru species(Run+).In-situ DRIFTS study reveals that the hydrogenation of CO2over Ru catalysts with and without La2O3doping proceeds through different pathways.Both CO and CH4are formed on non-doped Ru/SBA-15 with formate as the key intermediate,but only CO is generated on RuLa/SBA-15 via carbonate as the intermediate because of the weakened CO adsorption on Run+.Thus,RuLa/SBA-15 exhibits outstanding CO selectivity for the hydrogenation of CO2without significant decline of activity.It achieves a CO2conversion of 51%at 600℃and nearly 100%of CO selectivity across the examined reaction temperature of 300-600℃,surpassing the performances of the non-doped counterpart(CO2conversion of 58%at 600℃and CO selectivity ranging from 2%-63%).This study provides a facile and cost-effective strategy to tune the structure of Ru catalysts for the hydrogenation conversion of CO2to obtain value-added products.展开更多
The CO2 electroreduction reaction(CO2RR)is a promising approach of using renewable electricity to synthesize fuels and value-added chemicals.At present,Cu is generally considered to be the major monometallic cat...The CO2 electroreduction reaction(CO2RR)is a promising approach of using renewable electricity to synthesize fuels and value-added chemicals.At present,Cu is generally considered to be the major monometallic catalyst capable of producing multicarbon products(C2+)with high current densities from the CO2RR,but it still suffers from the low activity and high overpotential.The challenge of sluggish CO2RR kinetics can be overcome by developing efficient Cu-based catalysts,which undergo the dynamic evolution during the reaction process.The dynamic evolution of the Cu-based catalysts taking place under working conditions makes it difficult to study the structure-activity correlation and reaction mechanism present during CO2RR.Recently,a number of important works have observed and revealed the dynamic evolution process of Cu-based catalysts by operando characterization techniques.This aspect,however,remains less summarized and prospected in the CO2RR literature.In this Review,we summarize the dynamic evolution of Cu-based catalysts during the CO2RR from aspects of structure,composition and oxidation state.We highlight the correlations between evolution behaviors and catalytic properties.Then,we discuss the dynamic deactivation process of Cu-based catalysts during CO2RR,including metal impurities contamination and carbon accumulation.In particular,we introduce recent advancements in in situ characterization techniques those are employed to probe the dynamic evolution under operating conditions.We end the Review by outlining the challenges and offering personal perspectives on the future development opportunities in this field.展开更多
Sustainable photochemical CO2 conversion represents a promising strategy for mitigating excess CO2 emissions and achieving“carbon neutrality”.The development of advanced catalysts with an abundance of active s...Sustainable photochemical CO2 conversion represents a promising strategy for mitigating excess CO2 emissions and achieving“carbon neutrality”.The development of advanced catalysts with an abundance of active sites and efficient separation of photo-generated charge carriers remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a high-entropy(HE)photocatalyst by integrating five metals into Prussian blue(PB)to afford Kx(MnFeCoNiCu)[Fe(CN)6](HE-PBA)which exhibits a high concentration of active centers and rapid electron transfer,enabling superior CO2-to-CO photoreduction performance.The HE-PBA composite catalyst delivered a high CO yield(up to 1220.5μmol g-1h-1),achieving near 100%product selectivity.A mechanistic analysis has revealed strong coupling and overlapping multi-atomic orbitals,which facilitates local electron redistribution and a readjustment of electron density.This effect serves to generate abundant reactive sites with CO2 interactions that facilitate C-O bond activation.Additionally,an efficient electron transfer driven by the disparity in metal electronegativity inhibits unwanted recombination of electron-hole pairs.More significantly,the photoelectrons migrate and accumulate on the HE-PBA surface,exhibiting extended long lifetimes and robust reduction ability.The findings of this study provide important insights that can contribute to the development of high-entropy materials rich in transition metals with far-ranging potential applications.展开更多
The electrochemical CO2reduction reaction(CO2RR)can convert CO2into high value-added chemicals,which is conducive to improving climate change and energy crisis.Rare earth single-atom catalysts(SACs)have recen...The electrochemical CO2reduction reaction(CO2RR)can convert CO2into high value-added chemicals,which is conducive to improving climate change and energy crisis.Rare earth single-atom catalysts(SACs)have recently been widely studied in the field of CO2reduction due to their unique properties.Herein,a series of rare earth single-atom metals(abbreviated as RM,which are Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)supported on C2N were designed and systematically studied for their CO2RR performance.Results show that CH4is the main product on RM@C2N and the limiting potentials are in range of-0.46 to-0.61 V except for Eu@C2N and Yb@C2N.Among them,Tb@C2N,Sm@C2N,and Gd@C2N show high activity and selectivity with limiting potentials of-0.46,-0.47,and-0.48 V.The binding energy of adsorbed oxygen atoms on rare earth SACs can be used as a good descriptor of activity from volcano plot.These results provide insights into the design of rare earth catalysts for CO2RR and valuable guidance for screening single-atom catalysts in theory.展开更多
Ti-based catalysts have been identified to be efficient in enhancing hydrogenation and dehydrogenation(de/hydrogenation)kinetics of Mg/MgH2.However,their catalytic activity is constrained by the strong Ti-H bond an...Ti-based catalysts have been identified to be efficient in enhancing hydrogenation and dehydrogenation(de/hydrogenation)kinetics of Mg/MgH2.However,their catalytic activity is constrained by the strong Ti-H bond and chemical instability.Herein,we demonstrate that TMOx@Ti-MgO(TM=Mn and Cu)composite catalysts can simultaneously enhance hydrogen dissociation,diffusion and nucleation processes.MgH2 catalyzed by TMOx@Ti-MgO released 6.03-6.14 wt.%H2 within 5 min at 280℃ and 0.89-1.12 wt.%H2 within 60 min at 180℃.The partially oxidized Ti2+and Ti3+states are stabilized in MgO lattice,accelerating hydrogen adsorption,dissociation and diffusion processes.The TMOx,additionally,serve as the active center for nucleation,further improving de/hydrogenation reactions.The TMOx@Ti-MgO catalysts are characterized by high chemical stability,realizing improved cycle properties.These findings suggest a new approach to achieving controllable Catalyst-Hydrogen bond strengths and optimizing performance in de/hydrogenation reactions.展开更多
The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO2)to methane(CH4)has become an effective strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions due to its high efficiencyand low cost,and ordered mesoporous materials have received...The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO2)to methane(CH4)has become an effective strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions due to its high efficiencyand low cost,and ordered mesoporous materials have received considerable interest in CO2methanation applications because of their large specificsurface area and well-ordered pore structure.Herein,a series of the Ce-modifiedordered mesoporous catalysts(NiCe/Al2O3)were prepared through a one-pot approach,and the influenceof Ce doping on the morphology and structure of the catalysts as well as the CO2methanation performance were investigated in detail.The XRD and TEM data revealed that the introduction of Ce could effectively lower the particle size of Ni active components and advance the dispersion of Ni species.The H2-TPR profilesdemonstrated that Ce doping facilitated the catalyst's reduction by greatly decreasing its reduction temperature.In addition,the CO2-TPD and XPS data indicated that the incorporation of Ce provided sufficientbasic sites for CO2activation and adsorption,and the oxygen vacancies of the Cedoped Ni-based catalysts were significantlyenhanced.Obviously,the catalyst 30Ni10Ce/Al2O3achieved the outstanding catalytic performance,achieving CO2conversion of 90.7%and CH4 selectivity of 99.8% at 375℃,and even after 60 h of continuous reaction,it still maintained the stable catalytic activity,which suggested that the Ce-doped Ni-based catalysts can offer significantpromising applications in CO2methanation.展开更多
Converting CO2 to CH4 under mild conditions represents a promising strategy for carbon emission reduction and synthetic natural gas production,yet it remains challenging.In this work,we accelerated low-temperatu...Converting CO2 to CH4 under mild conditions represents a promising strategy for carbon emission reduction and synthetic natural gas production,yet it remains challenging.In this work,we accelerated low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation over Ni-CeO2 catalysts by optimizing metal-support interactions through H2-driven reconstruction.The catalyst reduced at 400℃(Ni-CeO2-400R)achieved 84.3%CO2conversion with 100%CH4 selectivity even at a low temperature of 250℃.Various in situ spectroscopic characterizations(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman,and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS))and H2/D2 isotopic exchange experiments reveal that the appropriate interaction in Ni-CeO2 motivates the dispersion of metallic Ni sites and the generation of oxygen vacancies,thereby promoting the activation of H2 and CO2 molecules,respectively.Therefore,CO2 is efficiently adsorbed and converted into reactive intermediates and finally hydrogenated to CH4through carbonyl and formate pathways simultaneously.These findings underscore the critical role of tailored metal-support interactions in designing advanced CO2 hydrogenation catalysts.展开更多
Converting CO2to CH4 under mild conditions is a promising strategy for solving environmental and energy problems,but also a challenge.In this work,the low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation process over Ni/CeO2 ca...Converting CO2to CH4 under mild conditions is a promising strategy for solving environmental and energy problems,but also a challenge.In this work,the low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation process over Ni/CeO2 catalysts was significantly accelerated by optimizing the H2 dissociation ability of Ni through the size effect,thus A-Ni/CeO2 with an average size of 4.9 nm achieved 83.4%CO2conversion with~100%CH4 selectivity even at 225℃.Systematic H2/D2 isotopic exchange experiments,in situ spectroscopic characterizations,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the enhanced H2 activation ability not only promoted the creation of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl group favorable for CO2 adsorption/activation in the pre-reduction process,but also the simultaneous hydrogenation of reactive intermediates belonging to carbonyl and formate pathway into CH4 in the reaction process.This fundamental understanding of the H2 dissociation effect on CO2 activation and hydrogenation provides critical insights for designing catalysts with considerable low-temperature activity,which significantly reduces energy consumption and operating costs for industrial CO2 conversion.展开更多
Elucidating the active site formation mechanism of bismuth(Bi)-based catalysts in electrochemical CO2reduction remains challenging for achieving high activity,selectivity,and long-term stability.Here we confirm thr...Elucidating the active site formation mechanism of bismuth(Bi)-based catalysts in electrochemical CO2reduction remains challenging for achieving high activity,selectivity,and long-term stability.Here we confirm through experimental results that Bi-based catalysts containing halogen ions(I-,Cl-,Br-)and SO42-maintain the system stability,keeping Faraday efficiency of formic acid above90%in the current range of 50-800 mA cm-2.In contrast,anions containing S2-and NO3-in the electrolyte can be reduced to produce by-products.These anions and their by-products could poison the active center,leading to increased side reactions and thus significantly reducing the Faraday efficiency of formic acid.The combination of non-in situ and in situ characterization results revealed that the Bi-based catalysts all underwent the transition from the initial state to the Bi/Bi2O2CO3(BOC)intermediate state in high-concentration KHCO3 solution,and the different anions could selectively modulate the degree of exposure of specific crystalline surfaces of BOC.At the late stage of the reaction,BOC was completely converted to metal Bi and became the real active center.Combined with in situ IR and DFT calculations,it is further verified that*OCHO is the key intermediate on the metallic Bi surface,which is most favorable for formic acid formation.This study reveals the key mechanism by which anions affect the formation of active sites via modulating the catalyst reconstruction process,which provides an important theoretical basis for the design and optimization of test conditions of Bi-based catalysts.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products(e.g.,C2+ ,ethene,ethanol,etc.)not only effectively decreases the CO2 concentration in atmosphere but also shows great potential economic benefits due ...Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products(e.g.,C2+ ,ethene,ethanol,etc.)not only effectively decreases the CO2 concentration in atmosphere but also shows great potential economic benefits due to these exploitable value-added products.The Cu-based catalysts have caught much attention in CO2 electroreduction due to the good selectivity to hydrocarbons products.However,designing appropriate Cu-based catalysts is desirable to further improve the energy efficiency and selectivity of specific C2+ product.In this review,primary pathways of CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products are first discussed to summarize the key elementary steps of C2+ products formation.Subsequently,various strategies of catalytic activity regulation of Cu-based catalysts are classified into geometric and electronic structures modification based on the inner correlation between these strategies and the mechanism of C2+ products formation.The review ends with a cross-scale perspective that links the selectivity enhancement of a specific C2+ product and the target design of Cu-based catalysts.展开更多
The direct synthesis of high-value-added long-chain primary alcohols(LPAs,C6+OH)from syngas(CO+H2)is highly attractive.However,low selectivity of targeted products is generally obtained due to competitive dissoc...The direct synthesis of high-value-added long-chain primary alcohols(LPAs,C6+OH)from syngas(CO+H2)is highly attractive.However,low selectivity of targeted products is generally obtained due to competitive dissociative and non-dissociative CO adsorption,as well as uncontrollable chain growth that causes a complex reaction network.Herein,we report that Na-driven Co2C-Co dual active sites could be engineered by loading the Na promoter onto an activated carbon supported Co-based catalyst,achieving total alcohol selectivity of ca.46%with a remarkable LPAs fraction higher than 65%,which represents the first report of high LPA selectivity in literature.Comprehensive characterizations and experiments indicated that electron-rich state of Co2C-Co sites was generated through Na promotion,which enhances the surface basicity of the catalyst and favors chain propagation.Moreover,Na promotes the dissociation of CO to form*C species,facilitating the transformation of metallic Co into Co2C and leading to the formation of Na-driven Co2C-Co active sites that are closely associated with CO insertion.Density functional theory calculations show that Na significantly also promotes C-C coupling while inhibiting hydrogenation and promoting CO insertion,which is deemed to be the intrinsic mechanism behind the high LPAs selectivity.This work elucidates a dual role of Na in constructing active sites and modulating surface reaction energetics,providing a design paradigm to break the LPAs selectivity barrier in syngas conversion.展开更多
Natural gas vehicles(NGVs)offer significant environmental advantages by reducing pollutant emissions,but effective exhaust treatment remains a challenge due to high methane emissions and catalyst deactivation over tim...Natural gas vehicles(NGVs)offer significant environmental advantages by reducing pollutant emissions,but effective exhaust treatment remains a challenge due to high methane emissions and catalyst deactivation over time.This study introduces a core-shell Pd@CeO2/Al2O3 three-way catalyst(TWC)designed to enhance the efficiency and durability of NGV exhaust treatment.The core-shell structure significantly improves catalytic performance.The optimized Pd@Ce/Al(S-500)catalyst demonstrates excellent low-temperature activity,with T50 values of 336℃ for CH4 and 397℃ for NO.It also achieves remarkable reductions of 113 and 177℃ in the T90 for CH4 and NO conversion,respectively,compared to the non-core-shell counterpart,Pd-Ce/Al(S-500).Characterizations reveal enhanced metal-support interactions,increased oxygen vacancies,and optimized Pd-CeO2 interfaces as key active sites.Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that the core-shell structure facilitates electron transfer at Pd-CeO2 interfaces and lowers energy barriers for three-way reactions,enhancing catalytic efficiency.Notably,the core-shell Pd@Ce/Al(S-500)catalyst maintains high conversion efficiency for CH4 and NO,with only slight losses(5.5% and 6.6%,respectively)over a 100-h time-on-stream stability test,following 16 h of harsh hydrothermal aging at 800℃,showcasing its long-term stability.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the role of the core-shell Pd@CeO2 structure in Pd-based TWCs and offer valuable insights for designing durable and efficient catalysts to meet the stringent emission standards of NGVs.展开更多
To promote CO2redox kinetics on the cathode of hybrid sodium-carbon dioxide(Na-CO2)batteries,hollow cubic CuS nanoboxes were encapsulated in polypyrrole and polydopamine by in situ polymerization of pyrrole and ...To promote CO2redox kinetics on the cathode of hybrid sodium-carbon dioxide(Na-CO2)batteries,hollow cubic CuS nanoboxes were encapsulated in polypyrrole and polydopamine by in situ polymerization of pyrrole and dopamine monomers,respectively,and coupled with high-temperature heat treatment to obtain nitrogen-carbon encapsulated CuxS@NCPPyand CuxS@NCPDA catalysts.The results show that the encapsulation of nitrogen-doped carbon not only increases the specific surface area and improves the electron affinity but also promotes the synergistic interaction between the CuS-based active species and the defect carbon,thus providing abundant active sites for CO2conversion.The electrochemical performances of the carbon-coated modified samples were all improved,especially the hybrid Na-CO2battery based on CuxS@NCPPy,which showed a low voltage gap of 0.74 V at 0.1 mA/cm2and a high power density of 3.42 mW/cm2.展开更多
1.Indroduction In light of the global transition toward carbon neutrality,the development of mild-condition ammonia synthesis technologies has gained significant attention as a promising solution to address the inhere...1.Indroduction In light of the global transition toward carbon neutrality,the development of mild-condition ammonia synthesis technologies has gained significant attention as a promising solution to address the inherent limitations of the traditional Haber-Bosch approach,which remains highly energy-intensive due to the extreme operation conditions(above 350℃ and over 10 MPa)required to activate the robust N≡N bond(945 kJ mol-1).Furthermore,the process is carbon-intensive,as its primary hydrogen source is derived from hydrocarbon reforming with high carbon emissions[1,2].展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4101800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172032,U22A20431)。
摘要CuZnAl(CZA)is a classic industrial catalyst widely used for the synthesis of methanol from syngas,but its catalytic performance is not optimal for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.Meanwhile,understanding the catalytic mechanism of Cu species in the CZA catalyst remains a great challenge.In this study,we systematically investigated the valence state change of active Cu species in CZA catalyst and their influence on catalytic performance by modifying the catalysts with varying amounts of electron donor K,thus identifying the catalytic function of Cu species with different valence states.H2-TPR,XPS and HR-TEM characterizations reveal that the highly dispersed K species supported on CZA catalysts will inhibit the reduction of CuO,resulting in a small amount of Cu2O active species being produced under reaction conditions thus causing a decrease in catalytic activity.Furthermore,XRD and Cu LMM spectra show that the proportion of Cu0 in K-modified CZA catalysts increases with K loading,but a higher proportion of Cu0 species on the surface obviously promotes the reverse water gas shift(RWGS)reaction.According to the results of in situ infrared spectroscopy,CZA catalyst follows the reaction pathway mediated by HCOO*in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92461304,22375185)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.252300421181)。
摘要Tandem CO2 electroreduction integrated with carbonylation reactions offers a promising pathway for transforming greenhouse gases into valuable chemical products.The development of efficient CO2-to-CO electrocatalysts operational across wide potential ranges is crucial to address renewable energy fluctuations and facilitate integrated cascade systems.Herein,a Ni single-atom catalyst(SAC)with sulfur doping in the second shell of Ni-N4 is reported.In situ measurements and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the incorporation S atoms not only modulates the electronic configuration of Ni active sites but also enhances H2O adsorption,enabling rapid CO2 hydrogenation into *COOH intermediates even at high potentials.Consequently,the Ni-N-S/CNS catalyst achieves a Faradaic efficiency for CO2-to-CO(FeCO)of 99.3% at-0.7 VRHE and maintains over 90%across pH-universal conditions with ultrawide potential windows:1400 mV(from-0.3 VRHE to-1.7 VRHE)in alkaline media,1200 mV(from-0.7 VRHE to-1.9VRHE)in neutral conditions,and 1000 mV(from-1.3 VRHE to-2.3 VRHE)in acidic environments.Remarkably,this catalyst enables the tandem CO2RR and N-alkylaniline carbonylation process for synthesizing o-aminobenzoates and isatoic anhydrides with high yield.Our findings demonstrate an electrothermocatalytic tandem strategy for cost-effective CO2 conversion and synthesis of high valuable fine chemicals,thereby broadening the scope of its utilization.
基金the Australian Research Council,Australia for supporting this research through grant DP230102577 and FT250100853。
摘要Integrating electrochemical CO2 conversion with carbon capture extends the CO2 source beyond pure or point-source streams.By directly interfacing with capture units,reactive CO2 capture electrolysis circumvents the energy-intensive regeneration and compression processes to supply pure CO2 stream,also minimizes the amount of unreacted CO2 through gas-fed CO2 electrolysis.However,the conversion pathway is hampered by high electrolyser voltages and reliance on precious and thick metal catalysts(>2.0 mg cm-2).Here,we report an energy-efficient reactive CO2 capture electrolysis system enabled by an ultra-low loading molecular catalyst(cobalt phthalocyanine anchored onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes,Co Pc/CNT).When the Co Pc/CNT exceeds 0.2 mg cm-2loading on cathode,the thicker Co Pc/CNT layer largely increase electrical and mass transfer resistances.This limits the availability of local CO2 at the catalyst surface,suppressing the formation of adsorbed intermediates(COOH*/CO*)on cobalt centres,as observed by operando Raman spectroscopy.Benefiting from the features,the electrolysis system achieves a single-pass CO2 conversion of 55.1%at 300 m A cm-2 and a faradaic efficiency of CO(FECO)84.7%at a 0.2 mg cm-2.At 100 m A cm-2,the synergistic combination of Co Pc/CNT with a two-layer membrane architecture reduces electrolyser voltage by 30%to widely used bipolar membrane(BPM)-incorporated electrolyser and 17%voltage to metal catalyst-based cathode.This study offers a costeffective molecular catalyst for reactive CO2 capture electrolysis and paves the way for energy-efficient carbon capture and utilisation integrated systems.
基金financial support from a National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(CAP21012-100)the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP),under the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy,Republic of Korea.
摘要The direct synthesis of aromatic compounds from the reduction of CO2 remains challenging due to harsh operating conditions,low aromatic yields,and catalyst deactivation.A comprehensive understanding of the distance-induced optimal activity is therefore essential for achieving a rational spatial arrangement of multifunctional active sites for the hydrogenation of CO2 to generate aromatic compounds.In this study,a triple-bed catalyst system is reported,which directly converts CO2 into aromatic compounds with low CO emission levels.At a CO2 conversion of 50.3%,the hydrocarbon pool contained 73.6%aromatic compounds while maintaining a moderately low CO selectivity of 13.9%.The BTEX(benzene,toluene,xylene,and ethylbenzene)selectivity within the aromatic products reached 67.8%and remained stable over 125 h,with only a slight decline being observed beyond this time.Compared to the mortar-and granular-mixed configurations,the triple-bed system exhibited a superior catalytic stability,likely due to the suppression of Na-induced poisoning on the zeolite acid sites.Additionally,the close contact between Fe and the zeolite structure altered the Fe phase evolution process for the chain extension reaction,while also significantly degrading the structural integrity of the zeolite.Under 370℃ and 3.5 MPa conditions,the zeolite crystallinity in the mortar-mixed 11%Na-promoted FeAlO x/Zn-HZSM-5@SiO2 catalyst dropped below 12%,whereas the double-and triple-bed configurations retained crystallinities of~65%,which likely contributed to the improved catalyst longevity.These results indicate that the triple-bed configuration provides a promising route for enhancing the stability and efficiency of the direct hydrogenation reaction to generate aromatic compounds from CO2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52300170).
摘要Catalytic CO2-to-methanol conversion presents a synergistic approach for concurrent greenhouse gas abatement and sustainable energy carrier synthesis.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)with maximized atomic utilization,tailored electronic configurations and unique metal-support interactions,exhibit superior performance in CO2 activation and methanol synthesis.This review systematically compares reaction mechanisms and pathways across thermal,photocatalytic and electrocatalytic systems,emphasizing structure-activity relationships governed by active sites,coordination microenvironments and support functionalities.Through case studies of representative SACs,we elucidate how metal-support synergies dictate intermediate binding energetics and methanol selectivity.A critical analysis of reaction parameters(e.g.,temperature,pressure)reveals condition-dependent catalytic behaviors in thermal system,with fewer studies in photo/electrocatalytic systems identified as key knowledge gaps.While thermal catalysis achieves industrially viable methanol yields,the scalability is constrained by energy-intensive operation and catalyst sintering.Conversely,photo/electrocatalytic routes offer renewable energy integration but suffer from inefficient charge dynamics and mass transport limitations.To address the challenges,we propose strategic research priorities on precise design of active sites,synergy of multiple technological pathways,development of intelligent catalytic systems and diverse CO2 feedstock compatibility.These insights establish a framework for developing next-generation SACs,offering both theoretical foundations and technological blueprints for developing carbon-negative catalytic technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22422806,22378136,and 22138003)the Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(Nos.2021QN02C847and 2021ZT09Z109)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2024A1515011196 and 2023B1515040005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2024ZYGXZR011,2025ZYGXZR025)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.2025A04J5244)the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(No.2024ZD09)the TCL Young Talent Program。
摘要The breaking of the symmetric electronic distribution of single-atom catalysts is effective in improving the intrinsic activity.However,traditional modification strategies can only disrupt the electronic distribution in one dimension,resulting in limited regulation of electronic structure.Herein,we report a multidimensional coordination strategy to significantly break the symmetrical electron distribution of the metal single site to achieve highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2 RR).Ni singleatom sites decorated with planar P and axial Cl atoms are successfully constructed on carbon support(Ni-NPCl-C).Ni-NPCl-C affords CO Faraday efficiency over 90%in a wide potential window range from-0.5 to-1.2 V and an ultrahigh turnover frequency of 1.17×105h-1,much superior to its counterparts with single-dimensional coordination.Ni-NPCl-C can be further applied as a bifunctional catalyst to construct a rechargeable Zn-CO2 battery.Spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the dual adjustments with axial Cl and planar P can synergistically disrupt the electron distribution in two dimensions to increase electrons around Ni sites with the upshift of the d-band center,thereby facilitating the formation of*COOH intermediates and improving the CO2 RR performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42277363 and 42430710).
摘要The selective catalytic hydrogenation of CO2to CO via the RWGS reaction is an effective avenue for resource utilization of CO2.In this study,we prepared serial La2O3-doped Ru catalysts(i.e.,RuLa/SBA-15)using a facile sequential impregnation method,and applied it for the selective hydrogenation conversion of CO2into CO.The La2O3doping remarkably promotes the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles and induces the formation of electron-deficient Ru species(Run+).In-situ DRIFTS study reveals that the hydrogenation of CO2over Ru catalysts with and without La2O3doping proceeds through different pathways.Both CO and CH4are formed on non-doped Ru/SBA-15 with formate as the key intermediate,but only CO is generated on RuLa/SBA-15 via carbonate as the intermediate because of the weakened CO adsorption on Run+.Thus,RuLa/SBA-15 exhibits outstanding CO selectivity for the hydrogenation of CO2without significant decline of activity.It achieves a CO2conversion of 51%at 600℃and nearly 100%of CO selectivity across the examined reaction temperature of 300-600℃,surpassing the performances of the non-doped counterpart(CO2conversion of 58%at 600℃and CO selectivity ranging from 2%-63%).This study provides a facile and cost-effective strategy to tune the structure of Ru catalysts for the hydrogenation conversion of CO2to obtain value-added products.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2018YFA0702001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225901,22175162 and 21975237)+7 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2340000101)the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Nos.YD2340002007 and YD9990002017)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(No.RERU2022007)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M733371,2022M723032 and 2023T160617)the Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of Anhui Province(No.2308085QB37)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20230340)Statesponsored Postdoctoral Researcher Program(No.GZC20230008)Postdoctoral Research Funding Project of Anhui Province(No.2023B727).
摘要The CO2 electroreduction reaction(CO2RR)is a promising approach of using renewable electricity to synthesize fuels and value-added chemicals.At present,Cu is generally considered to be the major monometallic catalyst capable of producing multicarbon products(C2+)with high current densities from the CO2RR,but it still suffers from the low activity and high overpotential.The challenge of sluggish CO2RR kinetics can be overcome by developing efficient Cu-based catalysts,which undergo the dynamic evolution during the reaction process.The dynamic evolution of the Cu-based catalysts taking place under working conditions makes it difficult to study the structure-activity correlation and reaction mechanism present during CO2RR.Recently,a number of important works have observed and revealed the dynamic evolution process of Cu-based catalysts by operando characterization techniques.This aspect,however,remains less summarized and prospected in the CO2RR literature.In this Review,we summarize the dynamic evolution of Cu-based catalysts during the CO2RR from aspects of structure,composition and oxidation state.We highlight the correlations between evolution behaviors and catalytic properties.Then,we discuss the dynamic deactivation process of Cu-based catalysts during CO2RR,including metal impurities contamination and carbon accumulation.In particular,we introduce recent advancements in in situ characterization techniques those are employed to probe the dynamic evolution under operating conditions.We end the Review by outlining the challenges and offering personal perspectives on the future development opportunities in this field.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070035,22401039)Jilin Province Scientific and the Technological Planning Project of China(No.20200403001SF)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project of Jilin Education Department(No.JJKH20250853KJ)Start-up Fund for Doctoral Research of Northeast Electric Power University(No.BSJXM-2024112)。
摘要Sustainable photochemical CO2 conversion represents a promising strategy for mitigating excess CO2 emissions and achieving“carbon neutrality”.The development of advanced catalysts with an abundance of active sites and efficient separation of photo-generated charge carriers remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a high-entropy(HE)photocatalyst by integrating five metals into Prussian blue(PB)to afford Kx(MnFeCoNiCu)[Fe(CN)6](HE-PBA)which exhibits a high concentration of active centers and rapid electron transfer,enabling superior CO2-to-CO photoreduction performance.The HE-PBA composite catalyst delivered a high CO yield(up to 1220.5μmol g-1h-1),achieving near 100%product selectivity.A mechanistic analysis has revealed strong coupling and overlapping multi-atomic orbitals,which facilitates local electron redistribution and a readjustment of electron density.This effect serves to generate abundant reactive sites with CO2 interactions that facilitate C-O bond activation.Additionally,an efficient electron transfer driven by the disparity in metal electronegativity inhibits unwanted recombination of electron-hole pairs.More significantly,the photoelectrons migrate and accumulate on the HE-PBA surface,exhibiting extended long lifetimes and robust reduction ability.The findings of this study provide important insights that can contribute to the development of high-entropy materials rich in transition metals with far-ranging potential applications.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22402130)。
摘要The electrochemical CO2reduction reaction(CO2RR)can convert CO2into high value-added chemicals,which is conducive to improving climate change and energy crisis.Rare earth single-atom catalysts(SACs)have recently been widely studied in the field of CO2reduction due to their unique properties.Herein,a series of rare earth single-atom metals(abbreviated as RM,which are Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)supported on C2N were designed and systematically studied for their CO2RR performance.Results show that CH4is the main product on RM@C2N and the limiting potentials are in range of-0.46 to-0.61 V except for Eu@C2N and Yb@C2N.Among them,Tb@C2N,Sm@C2N,and Gd@C2N show high activity and selectivity with limiting potentials of-0.46,-0.47,and-0.48 V.The binding energy of adsorbed oxygen atoms on rare earth SACs can be used as a good descriptor of activity from volcano plot.These results provide insights into the design of rare earth catalysts for CO2RR and valuable guidance for screening single-atom catalysts in theory.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3809101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023CDJKYJH005)+1 种基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20128)Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(CSTC2024YCJH-BGZXM0041).
摘要Ti-based catalysts have been identified to be efficient in enhancing hydrogenation and dehydrogenation(de/hydrogenation)kinetics of Mg/MgH2.However,their catalytic activity is constrained by the strong Ti-H bond and chemical instability.Herein,we demonstrate that TMOx@Ti-MgO(TM=Mn and Cu)composite catalysts can simultaneously enhance hydrogen dissociation,diffusion and nucleation processes.MgH2 catalyzed by TMOx@Ti-MgO released 6.03-6.14 wt.%H2 within 5 min at 280℃ and 0.89-1.12 wt.%H2 within 60 min at 180℃.The partially oxidized Ti2+and Ti3+states are stabilized in MgO lattice,accelerating hydrogen adsorption,dissociation and diffusion processes.The TMOx,additionally,serve as the active center for nucleation,further improving de/hydrogenation reactions.The TMOx@Ti-MgO catalysts are characterized by high chemical stability,realizing improved cycle properties.These findings suggest a new approach to achieving controllable Catalyst-Hydrogen bond strengths and optimizing performance in de/hydrogenation reactions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2025GXNSFAA069406 and 2025GXNSFA A069591)the Director Foundation for Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials(EMFM20241112).
摘要The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO2)to methane(CH4)has become an effective strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions due to its high efficiencyand low cost,and ordered mesoporous materials have received considerable interest in CO2methanation applications because of their large specificsurface area and well-ordered pore structure.Herein,a series of the Ce-modifiedordered mesoporous catalysts(NiCe/Al2O3)were prepared through a one-pot approach,and the influenceof Ce doping on the morphology and structure of the catalysts as well as the CO2methanation performance were investigated in detail.The XRD and TEM data revealed that the introduction of Ce could effectively lower the particle size of Ni active components and advance the dispersion of Ni species.The H2-TPR profilesdemonstrated that Ce doping facilitated the catalyst's reduction by greatly decreasing its reduction temperature.In addition,the CO2-TPD and XPS data indicated that the incorporation of Ce provided sufficientbasic sites for CO2activation and adsorption,and the oxygen vacancies of the Cedoped Ni-based catalysts were significantlyenhanced.Obviously,the catalyst 30Ni10Ce/Al2O3achieved the outstanding catalytic performance,achieving CO2conversion of 90.7%and CH4 selectivity of 99.8% at 375℃,and even after 60 h of continuous reaction,it still maintained the stable catalytic activity,which suggested that the Ce-doped Ni-based catalysts can offer significantpromising applications in CO2methanation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52370114)the Science and Technology Project of Southwest United Graduate School of Yunnan Province(202302AQ370002)。
摘要Converting CO2 to CH4 under mild conditions represents a promising strategy for carbon emission reduction and synthetic natural gas production,yet it remains challenging.In this work,we accelerated low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation over Ni-CeO2 catalysts by optimizing metal-support interactions through H2-driven reconstruction.The catalyst reduced at 400℃(Ni-CeO2-400R)achieved 84.3%CO2conversion with 100%CH4 selectivity even at a low temperature of 250℃.Various in situ spectroscopic characterizations(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman,and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS))and H2/D2 isotopic exchange experiments reveal that the appropriate interaction in Ni-CeO2 motivates the dispersion of metallic Ni sites and the generation of oxygen vacancies,thereby promoting the activation of H2 and CO2 molecules,respectively.Therefore,CO2 is efficiently adsorbed and converted into reactive intermediates and finally hydrogenated to CH4through carbonyl and formate pathways simultaneously.These findings underscore the critical role of tailored metal-support interactions in designing advanced CO2 hydrogenation catalysts.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Project of Southwest United Graduate School of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202302AQ370002)the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52370114 and 22276081)。
摘要Converting CO2to CH4 under mild conditions is a promising strategy for solving environmental and energy problems,but also a challenge.In this work,the low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation process over Ni/CeO2 catalysts was significantly accelerated by optimizing the H2 dissociation ability of Ni through the size effect,thus A-Ni/CeO2 with an average size of 4.9 nm achieved 83.4%CO2conversion with~100%CH4 selectivity even at 225℃.Systematic H2/D2 isotopic exchange experiments,in situ spectroscopic characterizations,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the enhanced H2 activation ability not only promoted the creation of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl group favorable for CO2 adsorption/activation in the pre-reduction process,but also the simultaneous hydrogenation of reactive intermediates belonging to carbonyl and formate pathway into CH4 in the reaction process.This fundamental understanding of the H2 dissociation effect on CO2 activation and hydrogenation provides critical insights for designing catalysts with considerable low-temperature activity,which significantly reduces energy consumption and operating costs for industrial CO2 conversion.
基金funded by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03017)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.GZC20230373)+5 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ24B070010)CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy(No.2024004K)Natural Science Foundation of Huzhou City(No.2024YZ19)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22202032,22406020 and 22406019)the Key Research and Development Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(No.2022B02031)Joint Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LBMHY25E060009)。
摘要Elucidating the active site formation mechanism of bismuth(Bi)-based catalysts in electrochemical CO2reduction remains challenging for achieving high activity,selectivity,and long-term stability.Here we confirm through experimental results that Bi-based catalysts containing halogen ions(I-,Cl-,Br-)and SO42-maintain the system stability,keeping Faraday efficiency of formic acid above90%in the current range of 50-800 mA cm-2.In contrast,anions containing S2-and NO3-in the electrolyte can be reduced to produce by-products.These anions and their by-products could poison the active center,leading to increased side reactions and thus significantly reducing the Faraday efficiency of formic acid.The combination of non-in situ and in situ characterization results revealed that the Bi-based catalysts all underwent the transition from the initial state to the Bi/Bi2O2CO3(BOC)intermediate state in high-concentration KHCO3 solution,and the different anions could selectively modulate the degree of exposure of specific crystalline surfaces of BOC.At the late stage of the reaction,BOC was completely converted to metal Bi and became the real active center.Combined with in situ IR and DFT calculations,it is further verified that*OCHO is the key intermediate on the metallic Bi surface,which is most favorable for formic acid formation.This study reveals the key mechanism by which anions affect the formation of active sites via modulating the catalyst reconstruction process,which provides an important theoretical basis for the design and optimization of test conditions of Bi-based catalysts.
基金financially supported by the project Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial(Grant Nos.20252BAC200212 and 20252BAC250027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cultivation of Early Career Young Scientific and Technological Talents of Jiangxi Province(Grant Nos.20252BEJ730203,20252BEJ730205,and 20224ACB203010)+2 种基金Doctor's Starting Research Foundation of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(Grant No.205200100778)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22572077,22162012 and 22202089)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.20224ACB213005)。
摘要Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products(e.g.,C2+ ,ethene,ethanol,etc.)not only effectively decreases the CO2 concentration in atmosphere but also shows great potential economic benefits due to these exploitable value-added products.The Cu-based catalysts have caught much attention in CO2 electroreduction due to the good selectivity to hydrocarbons products.However,designing appropriate Cu-based catalysts is desirable to further improve the energy efficiency and selectivity of specific C2+ product.In this review,primary pathways of CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products are first discussed to summarize the key elementary steps of C2+ products formation.Subsequently,various strategies of catalytic activity regulation of Cu-based catalysts are classified into geometric and electronic structures modification based on the inner correlation between these strategies and the mechanism of C2+ products formation.The review ends with a cross-scale perspective that links the selectivity enhancement of a specific C2+ product and the target design of Cu-based catalysts.
摘要The direct synthesis of high-value-added long-chain primary alcohols(LPAs,C6+OH)from syngas(CO+H2)is highly attractive.However,low selectivity of targeted products is generally obtained due to competitive dissociative and non-dissociative CO adsorption,as well as uncontrollable chain growth that causes a complex reaction network.Herein,we report that Na-driven Co2C-Co dual active sites could be engineered by loading the Na promoter onto an activated carbon supported Co-based catalyst,achieving total alcohol selectivity of ca.46%with a remarkable LPAs fraction higher than 65%,which represents the first report of high LPA selectivity in literature.Comprehensive characterizations and experiments indicated that electron-rich state of Co2C-Co sites was generated through Na promotion,which enhances the surface basicity of the catalyst and favors chain propagation.Moreover,Na promotes the dissociation of CO to form*C species,facilitating the transformation of metallic Co into Co2C and leading to the formation of Na-driven Co2C-Co active sites that are closely associated with CO insertion.Density functional theory calculations show that Na significantly also promotes C-C coupling while inhibiting hydrogenation and promoting CO insertion,which is deemed to be the intrinsic mechanism behind the high LPAs selectivity.This work elucidates a dual role of Na in constructing active sites and modulating surface reaction energetics,providing a design paradigm to break the LPAs selectivity barrier in syngas conversion.
摘要Natural gas vehicles(NGVs)offer significant environmental advantages by reducing pollutant emissions,but effective exhaust treatment remains a challenge due to high methane emissions and catalyst deactivation over time.This study introduces a core-shell Pd@CeO2/Al2O3 three-way catalyst(TWC)designed to enhance the efficiency and durability of NGV exhaust treatment.The core-shell structure significantly improves catalytic performance.The optimized Pd@Ce/Al(S-500)catalyst demonstrates excellent low-temperature activity,with T50 values of 336℃ for CH4 and 397℃ for NO.It also achieves remarkable reductions of 113 and 177℃ in the T90 for CH4 and NO conversion,respectively,compared to the non-core-shell counterpart,Pd-Ce/Al(S-500).Characterizations reveal enhanced metal-support interactions,increased oxygen vacancies,and optimized Pd-CeO2 interfaces as key active sites.Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that the core-shell structure facilitates electron transfer at Pd-CeO2 interfaces and lowers energy barriers for three-way reactions,enhancing catalytic efficiency.Notably,the core-shell Pd@Ce/Al(S-500)catalyst maintains high conversion efficiency for CH4 and NO,with only slight losses(5.5% and 6.6%,respectively)over a 100-h time-on-stream stability test,following 16 h of harsh hydrothermal aging at 800℃,showcasing its long-term stability.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the role of the core-shell Pd@CeO2 structure in Pd-based TWCs and offer valuable insights for designing durable and efficient catalysts to meet the stringent emission standards of NGVs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172264)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3900802)。
摘要To promote CO2redox kinetics on the cathode of hybrid sodium-carbon dioxide(Na-CO2)batteries,hollow cubic CuS nanoboxes were encapsulated in polypyrrole and polydopamine by in situ polymerization of pyrrole and dopamine monomers,respectively,and coupled with high-temperature heat treatment to obtain nitrogen-carbon encapsulated CuxS@NCPPyand CuxS@NCPDA catalysts.The results show that the encapsulation of nitrogen-doped carbon not only increases the specific surface area and improves the electron affinity but also promotes the synergistic interaction between the CuS-based active species and the defect carbon,thus providing abundant active sites for CO2conversion.The electrochemical performances of the carbon-coated modified samples were all improved,especially the hybrid Na-CO2battery based on CuxS@NCPPy,which showed a low voltage gap of 0.74 V at 0.1 mA/cm2and a high power density of 3.42 mW/cm2.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22588201,22225204 to D.D.,22472169 to L.Y.,and 22427801 to W.L.)the Outstanding Member of CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association(No.Y2023053 to W.L.)the DICP&SIA Joint Project(No.UN202401 to W.L.)。
摘要1.Indroduction In light of the global transition toward carbon neutrality,the development of mild-condition ammonia synthesis technologies has gained significant attention as a promising solution to address the inherent limitations of the traditional Haber-Bosch approach,which remains highly energy-intensive due to the extreme operation conditions(above 350℃ and over 10 MPa)required to activate the robust N≡N bond(945 kJ mol-1).Furthermore,the process is carbon-intensive,as its primary hydrogen source is derived from hydrocarbon reforming with high carbon emissions[1,2].