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ON f-EDGE COVER-COLOURING OF SIMPLE GRAPHS 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 宋慧敏 刘桂真 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE 2005年第1期145-151,共7页
An f-edge cover-colouring of a graph G = (V, E) is an assignment of colours to the edges of G such that every colour appears at each vertex v ∈ V at least f(v) times. The maximum number of colours needed to f-edge co... An f-edge cover-colouring of a graph G = (V, E) is an assignment of colours to the edges of G such that every colour appears at each vertex v ∈ V at least f(v) times. The maximum number of colours needed to f-edge cover colour G is called the f-edge cover chromatic index of G, denoted by Xfc(G). This paper gives that min[d(v)-1/f(v)]≤xfc(G)≤ 展开更多
关键词 Edge colouring edge cover-colouring f-edge cover-colouring
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Colouring of COVID-19 Affected Region Based on Fuzzy Directed Graphs 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Rupkumar Mahapatra Sovan Samanta +4 位作者 Madhumangal Pal Jeong-Gon Lee Shah Khalid Khan Usman Naseem Robin Singh Bhadoria 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2021年第7期1219-1233,共15页
Graph colouring is the system of assigning a colour to each vertex of a graph.It is done in such a way that adjacent vertices do not have equal colour.It is fundamental in graph theory.It is often used to solve real-w... Graph colouring is the system of assigning a colour to each vertex of a graph.It is done in such a way that adjacent vertices do not have equal colour.It is fundamental in graph theory.It is often used to solve real-world problems like traffic light signalling,map colouring,scheduling,etc.Nowadays,social networks are prevalent systems in our life.Here,the users are considered as vertices,and their connections/interactions are taken as edges.Some users follow other popular users’profiles in these networks,and some don’t,but those non-followers are connected directly to the popular profiles.That means,along with traditional relationship(information flowing),there is another relation among them.It depends on the domination of the relationship between the nodes.This type of situation can be modelled as a directed fuzzy graph.In the colouring of fuzzy graph theory,edge membership plays a vital role.Edge membership is a representation of flowing information between end nodes of the edge.Apart from the communication relationship,there may be some other factors like domination in relation.This influence of power is captured here.In this article,the colouring of directed fuzzy graphs is defined based on the influence of relationship.Along with this,the chromatic number and strong chromatic number are provided,and related properties are investigated.An application regarding COVID-19 infection is presented using the colouring of directed fuzzy graphs. 展开更多
关键词 Graph colouring chromatic index directed fuzzy graphs
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Effect of Colouring Process on Pitting Susceptibility of Austenitic Stainless Steel 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 S.S.Mahmoud M.M.Ahmed 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS 2008年第3期400-406,共7页
Colouring of the austenitic stainless steel alloy （20.45% Cr, 8.57% Ni） was carried out in NaNO3-KNO3 eutectic melt without and with additions of Na2O2, NaCl and their mixtures at different temperatures ranging from... Colouring of the austenitic stainless steel alloy （20.45% Cr, 8.57% Ni） was carried out in NaNO3-KNO3 eutectic melt without and with additions of Na2O2, NaCl and their mixtures at different temperatures ranging from 400-600℃, under open-circuit and galvanostatic anodic polarization conditions. The produced colours greatly depend on the thickness of oxide films, which in turn depends on the composition of the molten bath and its temperature. The more attractive, bright, adherent and uniform coloured oxide films can be obtained at 400, 450 and 500℃ in molten nitrate bath containing NaCl and Na2O2 mixtures. The pitting corrosion susceptibility of the coloured oxide films was tested in FeCl3 and NaCl as corrosive media. The obtained results indicate that the pitting corrosion susceptibility of the coloured oxide films greatly depends on the previous operating conditions of the colouring process of the stainless steel specimens such as the composition of molten bath, temperature and technique of colouring process. 展开更多
关键词 Stainless steel alloy Pitting corrosion Colouring processes
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A Note on Acyclic Edge Colouring of Star Graph Families 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 P. Shanasbabu A. V. Chithra 《American Journal of Computational Mathematics》 2015年第3期253-257,共5页
A proper edge colouring f of a graph G is called acyclic if there are no bichromatic cycles in the graph. The acyclic edge chromatic number or acyclic chromatic index, denoted by , is the minimum number of colours in ... A proper edge colouring f of a graph G is called acyclic if there are no bichromatic cycles in the graph. The acyclic edge chromatic number or acyclic chromatic index, denoted by , is the minimum number of colours in an acyclic edge colouring of G. In this paper, we discuss the acyclic edge colouring of middle, central, total and line graphs of prime related star graph families. Also exact values of acyclic chromatic indices of such graphs are derived and some of their structural properties are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Acyclic Edge Colouring Acyclic Chromatic Index Middle Graph Central Graph Total Graph Line Graph
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Complexity of Injective Homomorphisms to Small Tournaments, and of Injective Oriented Colourings 认领 引用
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作者 Russell J. Campbell Nancy E. Clarke Gary MacGillivray 《Open Journal of Discrete Mathematics》 2023年第1期1-15,共15页
Several possible definitions of local injectivity for a homomorphism of an oriented graph G to an oriented graph H are considered. In each case, we determine the complexity of deciding whether there exists such a homo... Several possible definitions of local injectivity for a homomorphism of an oriented graph G to an oriented graph H are considered. In each case, we determine the complexity of deciding whether there exists such a homomorphism when G is given and H is a fixed tournament on three or fewer vertices. Each possible definition leads to a locally-injective oriented colouring problem. A dichotomy theorem is proved in each case. 展开更多
关键词 Injective Graph Homomorphism Oriented Colouring Complexity
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Colouring pictures:the First Step to Learn Painting 认领 引用
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作者 张姗姗 《疯狂英语（双语世界）》 2019年第2期63-65,共3页
Many of the primary school students are interested in painting.However, few of them know how to learn painting.Many primary school students think that they can begin their painting by imitating.In fact, the first step... Many of the primary school students are interested in painting.However, few of them know how to learn painting.Many primary school students think that they can begin their painting by imitating.In fact, the first step to learn painting is to colour the pictures, for you can make the pictures more beautiful by colouring them.Also, you can feel how the pictures were drawn by colouring them. 展开更多
关键词 Colouring pictures:the First Step to Learn Painting
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Nanostructure-dependent colouration efficiency of electrochromic coatings using 0D,1D,and 2D WO3 for smart windows 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Mahnaz Dadkhah Md Julker Nine +2 位作者 Kosala Purasinhala Gurleen Singh Sandhu Dusan Losic 《Nano Materials Science》 EI CAS CSCD 2026年第2期255-263,共9页
Towards the development of highly efficient electrochromic coatings,the crystallinity,morphology(e.g.size and shape)of electrochromic nanomaterials,and their charge insertion capacities play a significant role.Herein,... Towards the development of highly efficient electrochromic coatings,the crystallinity,morphology(e.g.size and shape)of electrochromic nanomaterials,and their charge insertion capacities play a significant role.Herein,we report the structure-dependent colouration effciency in electrochromic coatings based on the use of 0D,1D and 2D tungsten trioxide(WO3)nanostructures.A series of WO3with different nanostructures were prepared and used as working electrodes to fabricate electrochromic devices for smart windows applications.Facile spray coating was applied on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrate to make~70%transparent working electrodes to investigate their charge insertion capacities,electrochromic active surface area,and colouration efficiency.Results showed that the 2D WO3nanoflakes displayed the highest diffusion coefficient for the intercalation of 1.52×10-10cm2/s with an increased electrochemical active surface area of 25.10 mF/cm2,a large modulation of optical reflectance(42.63%)with 3.79 s shorter response time for bleaching and a greater colouration efficiency(CE)value(89.29 cm2/C)at 700 nm compared to the CE value for 1D WO3(of 22 cm2/C)and 0D WO3(8 cm2/C).The outcome of this study provides a new insight and valuable contribution to design an efficient electrochromic coating by controlling and optimising the nanostructures of selective electrochromic materials. 展开更多
关键词 Electrochromic devices Smart window WO3 nanostructures Colouration efficiency Spray coating
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Acyclic improper colouring of graphs with maximum degree 4 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 FIEDOROWICZ Anna SIDOROWICZ Elzbieta 《Science China Mathematics》 SCIE 2014年第12期2485-2494,共10页
A k-colouring （not necessarily proper） of vertices of a graph is called acyclic, if for every pair of distinct colours i and j the subgraph induced by the edges whose endpoints have colours i and j is acyclic. We co... A k-colouring （not necessarily proper） of vertices of a graph is called acyclic, if for every pair of distinct colours i and j the subgraph induced by the edges whose endpoints have colours i and j is acyclic. We consider acyclie k-eolourings such that each colour class induces a graph with a given （hereditary） property. In particular, we consider aeyclic k-eolourings in which each colour class induces a graph with maximum degree at most t, which are referred to as acyclic t-improper k-colourings. The acyelic t-improper chromatic number of a graph G is the smallest k for which there exists an acyclic t-improper k-colouring of G. We focus on acyclic colourings of graphs with maximum degree 4. We prove that 3 is an upper bound for the acyclic 3-improper chromatic number of this class of graphs. We also provide a non-trivial family of graphs with maximum degree 4 whose acyclic 3-improper chromatic number is at most 2, namely, the graphs with maximum average degree at most 3. Finally, we prove that any graph G with A（G） ≤ 4 can be acyelically coloured with 4 colours in such a way that each colour class induces an acyclic graph with maximum degree at most 3. 展开更多
关键词 acyclic colouring acyclic improper colouring bounded degree graph hereditary property
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Are the impacts of artificial light exposure at night on bird's cognitive performances always negative? 认领 引用
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作者 Qiuyang Chen Yuwen Cheng +2 位作者 Yue Zhong Yixuan Wang Zhongqiu Li 《Avian Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第1期95-101,共7页
Artificial light at night(ALAN),as an emerging pollutant,disrupts wild animals'nocturnal behaviours and physiological processes.Recent evidence indicates that ALAN can also impair diurnal cognition,especially in h... Artificial light at night(ALAN),as an emerging pollutant,disrupts wild animals'nocturnal behaviours and physiological processes.Recent evidence indicates that ALAN can also impair diurnal cognition,especially in highly developed vertebrates.However,previous research has rendered mixed results across taxa and task types,with the parameters of the light source also scattered.That limits conclusion generalizability.Here we examined cognitive impacts of ALAN in housed Java Sparrows(Lonchura oryzivora),focusing on two questions:(1)whether ALAN uniformly impairs diverse cognitive traits and(2)how correlated colour temperatures(CCTs)modulate these effects.Sparrows were exposed to amber light(low CCT),neutral-white light(medium CCT),blue light(high CCT),or a no-light control.We then compared individual performance in three cognitive paradigms which were used to assess the animals'capacities of discrimination learning,reversal learning,and inhibitory control.Results showed no significant effects of ALAN on discrimination learning,but ALAN-exposed birds required fewer trials in reversal learning.Lower CCT(amber light)led to more failures in detour-reaching.These findings indicate that cognitive impacts of ALAN are not uniformly negative but depend on cognitive function and CCT.Our study highlights context-dependent effects of ALAN,providing insights for optimizing urban lighting policies to balance ecological and human needs. 展开更多
关键词 Animal behaviour Animal cognition Artificial light at night Correlated colour temperature
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Colour Changes of Wood Veneer as a Function of Heat Treatment 认领 引用
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作者 Hikaru Kobori Emilia-Adela Manea Salca +3 位作者 Tetsuya Inagaki Shigehiko Suzuki Sahriyanti Saad Aujchariya Chotikhun 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 EI CAS 2026年第2期50-64,共15页
Heat treatment is applied towood to improve various properties of thematerial.Thepresent study focuses on the colour changes of wood veneer samples due to heat treatment.Native wood species fromJapan and Europe,such a... Heat treatment is applied towood to improve various properties of thematerial.Thepresent study focuses on the colour changes of wood veneer samples due to heat treatment.Native wood species fromJapan and Europe,such as Japanese oak(Quercus mongolica var.crispula),field maple(Acer campestre)and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris)were used in the experiments.A laboratory-type oven was used to apply the heat at a temperature of 190○C,in the presence of oxygen,for different periods,gradually increasing from 5 to 40 min.The CIELab system(a colour space defined by the International Commission on Illumination)and Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIR)were employed to evaluate the colour modifications on the samples.As expected,the heat treatment affected the colour of the samples.The lightness index decreased across the three wood species during the treatment.The chroma coordinates changed for pine and maple,while little change occurred in Japanese oak.The overall total colour differences reached their maximum at the final 40-min interval for all wood types.Based on the NIR evaluation,it was found that drastic thermal denaturation of cellulose was unlikely to occur,and the changes in the intermolecular interaction of water affected the colour of the specimens.The data and information of this study could be useful for industrial applications where the veneer of such species is desired.Such heat-treated veneers can be considered as value-added products in furniture manufacturing as well as restoration of furniture units where such veneer is used as an overlay. 展开更多
关键词 Colour stability Japanese oak maple pine heat treatment
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Mineral Classification and Gemmological Concepts in Classical Antiquity 认领 引用
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作者 Lisbet Thoresen 《宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文）》 CAS 2026年第1期18-31,共14页
Many important works of ancient literature have been translated many times over the centuries,perhaps none more so than Pliny the Elder's Natural History.Because classical writers did not follow conventions of obj... Many important works of ancient literature have been translated many times over the centuries,perhaps none more so than Pliny the Elder's Natural History.Because classical writers did not follow conventions of objectivity or citation remotely similar to modern standards,understanding the literary context is important when trying to extract factual information.The perspective of a translator also shapes how modern readers interpret an elusive original meaning.Older translations are well known for distorting the meaning of a word or passage when the text is unclear.Translators sometimes imposed their own contemporary knowledge on the past-knowingly or not.This was especially common when they lacked subject expertise,misread corrupt(damaged)texts,or failed to grasp the literary genre,for example,interpreting poetic rhetoric as an objective description of physical things,as in technical writing.The task becomes more difficult when ancient words have no direct equivalents in modern languages.The following essay explores some of the challenges of technical writing about gems from the Hellenistic to Roman periods(323 BCE to-2nd century CE),with a focus on Book 37 of Pliny's Natural History,written in the 70s CE.It contains the richest vocabulary in classical literature for describing gemstones,including their names,colours,and visual properties.Although these terms do not always correspond with modern gemmological classifications,there are notable overlaps that can help identify some minerals whose identity might otherwise remain unclear. 展开更多
关键词 Pliny the Elder ancient gem classification colour gemstone translation archaeogemmology gem nomenclature
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Mechanism for colouring hot-dip zinc alloy coating 认领 引用
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作者 陈锦虹 卢锦堂 +3 位作者 许乔瑜 曾广亮 李国雄 谢筠 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 1996年第6期468-471,共4页
Hot-dip galvanizing is a widely used technique to prevent steel from oxidizing in air.However, only silver-grey zinc coating can no longer meet the need of people. At theWorld’s Fair in July 1989, Japanese first exhi... Hot-dip galvanizing is a widely used technique to prevent steel from oxidizing in air.However, only silver-grey zinc coating can no longer meet the need of people. At theWorld’s Fair in July 1989, Japanese first exhibited blue, red, yellow green andbrown hot-dip zinc coating sheets. These patent coatings are more incorruptible thantraditiona ones. This note tries to reveal the colouring mechanism of these coatings. 展开更多
关键词 coloured hot-dip zinc coating interference of light through thin film oxide film ligand field.
Meaning in Making 认领 引用
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作者 LI YIN 《ChinAfrica》 2026年第7期46-48,共3页
In recent months,a quiet yet striking trend has been unfolding across China’s cities from major metropolises to smaller urban centres.Handmade craft studios have rapidly emerged in shopping districts,cultural blocks ... In recent months,a quiet yet striking trend has been unfolding across China’s cities from major metropolises to smaller urban centres.Handmade craft studios have rapidly emerged in shopping districts,cultural blocks and community spaces.Inside these studios,young people gather around shared tables,carefully arranging tiny colourful plastic beads into intricate patterns.After hours of patient design,the creations are fused with heat and transformed into refrigerator magnets,keychains and other personalised crafts.This activity,known in Chinese as pin dou(perler bead crafting),is deceptively simple.It involves placing small plastic beads onto pegboards to form patterns,which are then ironed to set the design permanently. 展开更多
关键词 perler bead crafting fused heat Chinese cities community spaces refrigerator magnetskeychains personalised cra arranging tiny colourful plastic beads handmade
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Targeted metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals the key metabolites and genes influencing blue-purple colour development in Clematis lanuginosa flowers 认领 引用
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作者 Renjuan Qian Youju Ye +3 位作者 Xiaohua Ma Handong Gao Qingdi Hu Jian Zheng 《Ornamental Plant Research》 2025年第1期462-470,共9页
Clematis lanuginosa,a valuable ornamental plant in Zhejiang Province,China,produces flowers that are blue-purple,a rare flower colour.In this study,to explore the anthocyanin synthesis mechanism involved in flower col... Clematis lanuginosa,a valuable ornamental plant in Zhejiang Province,China,produces flowers that are blue-purple,a rare flower colour.In this study,to explore the anthocyanin synthesis mechanism involved in flower colour formation in C.lanuginosa,metabolome,and transcriptome sequencing was performed at six flower development stages.Metabolome analysis revealed 25 anthocyanin compounds and 22 differentially expressed metabolites.Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside,cyanidin-3,5,3'-O-triglucoside,cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside,delphinidin-3-O-glucoside,and petunidin-3-O-glucoside may promote the formation of blue-purple colour in flowers.The combined analysis results revealed that the transcript41913_f2p0_1152 gene(MYB-like)may be a key gene in C.lanuginosa blue-purple flower colour development.These results provide the basis for further research on the blue-purple flower colour of C.lanuginosa. 展开更多
关键词 clematis lanuginosaa transcriptome transcriptome sequencing blue purple color anthocyanin anthocyanin compounds anthocyanin synthesis mechanism flower colour
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One-step direct ammonia synthesis by pulse-modulated microwave plasma at atmospheric pressure 认领 引用
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作者 Wei WANG Yao LI +5 位作者 Zhaoquan CHEN Sisi LI Yi FENG Zhi ZHENG Dezheng YANG Yue LIU 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第4期112-121,共10页
In this study,we explored a one-step direct synthesis of NH3 under mild experimental conditions utilizing pulse-modulated microwave plasma technology at atmospheric pressure.At a substantial gas flow rate,a microwave ... In this study,we explored a one-step direct synthesis of NH3 under mild experimental conditions utilizing pulse-modulated microwave plasma technology at atmospheric pressure.At a substantial gas flow rate,a microwave plasma jet was formed and the microwave-assisted ammonia synthesis can be realized.Impacts of various parameters including the gas flow rate,gas component,microwave absorbed power,pulse modulation frequency,and pulse duty cycle on ammonia synthesis were systematically investigated.To indicate the reaction path of ammonia synthesis,the distributions of both the gas temperature and active species were also studied using optical emission spectra technology.It is found that a considerable amount of ammonia was directly synthesized without involvement of any catalysts,the highest ammonia production rate and energy efficiency(EE),up to 2.93μmol·min-1 and 6.64×10-2g·(k W·h)-1,respectively,were achieved under low microwave power of 84.42 W.The duty cycle has obvious influences on the synthesis efficiency,compared to a duty cycle of 80%,the ammonia synthesis rate,EE and nitrogen conversion decreased by about 22%at a duty cycle of 100%.This finding underscores the significance of incorporating pulse modulation in the microwave discharge process for ammonia synthesis.Furthermore,it was found that vibrational excitation of microwave plasma has a significant driving effect on ammonia synthesis. 展开更多
关键词 microwave plasma ammonia synthesis pulse modulation plasma jet microwave resonant cavity(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
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Research on the distributed capacitance for high-voltage key components on CRAFT NNBI 认领 引用
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作者 Bo LIU Zhimin LIU +8 位作者 Caichao JIANG Sheng LIU Junjun PAN Shiyong CHEN Wei WEI Yuchen QU Lizhen LIANG Ruoxin BAI Yuanlai XIE 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第4期58-63,共6页
The negative ion based neutral beam injector(NNBI)with a beam energy of 400 keV is one of the subsystems at the Comprehensive Research fAcility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)in China.The distributed capacitance of the h... The negative ion based neutral beam injector(NNBI)with a beam energy of 400 keV is one of the subsystems at the Comprehensive Research fAcility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)in China.The distributed capacitance of the high-voltage components is an important basis for the design of surge suppression devices at CRAFT NNBI.This study conducted calculations of distributed capacitance for the key components,including the high-voltage deck,transmission line and isolation transformer in the power supply system using the finite element method.The relationship between the high-voltage deck(HVD)distributed capacitance and the distance from the wall is discussed.The differences in distributed capacitance and energy storage between noncoaxial and coaxial transmission lines are also debated.Finally,the capacitance between the primary and secondary windings of the-400 kV isolation transformer,as well as between the secondary winding and the oil tank casing,was calculated. 展开更多
关键词 NNBI power supply system direct-current high voltage distributed capacitance finite elements analysis(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
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Discharge fault detection of dry air switchgear based on ZnO-MoS2 gas 认领 引用
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作者 Peng LI Ye YUAN +4 位作者 Rong ZHOU Lin LI Hao CUI Ziheng PU Xuelin YANG 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第4期12-21,共10页
When discharge faults occur in dry air switchgear,the air decomposes to produce diverse gases,with NO2 reaching the highest levels.Detecting the NO2 level can reflect the operation status of the equipment.This p... When discharge faults occur in dry air switchgear,the air decomposes to produce diverse gases,with NO2 reaching the highest levels.Detecting the NO2 level can reflect the operation status of the equipment.This paper proposes to combine ZnO cluster with MoS2 to improve the gassensitive properties of the monolayer.Based on the Density Functional Theory(DFT),the effect of(ZnO)n size on the behavior of MoS_(2 )is considered.Key parameters such as adsorption energy and band gap of(ZnO)n-MoS2/NO2 system were calculated.The ZnO-MoS2 heterojunction was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method.The gas sensor exhibits a remarkable response and a fast response-recovery time to 100 ppm NO2.In addition,it demonstrates excellent selectivity,long-term stability and a low detection limit.This work confirms the potential of the ZnO-MoS2 composite structure as a highly effective gas sensor for NO2 detection,which provides valuable theoretical and experimental insights for fault detection in dry air switchgear. 展开更多
关键词 dry air switchgear discharge fault DFT ZnO-MoS2 gas sensing mechanism(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
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Experimental and numerical study on double wedge shock/shock interaction controlled by a single-pulse plasma synthetic jet 认领 引用
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作者 Wei XIE Zhenbing LUO +3 位作者 Yan ZHOU Qiang LIU Xiong DENG Yinxin ZHU 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第4期30-41,共12页
The phenomenon of shock/shock interaction(SSI)is widely observed in high-speed flow,and the double wedge SSI represents one of the typical problems encountered.The control effect of single-pulse plasma synthetic jet(P... The phenomenon of shock/shock interaction(SSI)is widely observed in high-speed flow,and the double wedge SSI represents one of the typical problems encountered.The control effect of single-pulse plasma synthetic jet(PSJ)on double wedge type-Ⅵand type-ⅤSSI was investigated experimentally and numerically,and the influence of discharge energy was also explored.The findings indicate that the interaction between PSJ and the high-speed freestream results in the formation of a plasma layer and a jet shock,which collectively governs the control of SSI.The control mechanism of single-pulse PSJ on SSI lies in its capacity to attenuate both shock and SSI.For type-ⅥSSI,the original second-wedge oblique shock is eliminated under the control of PSJ,resulting in a new type-ⅥSSI formed by the jet shock and the first-wedge oblique shock.For type-ⅤSSI,the presence of PSJ effectively mitigates the intensity of Mach stem,supersonic jet,and reflected shocks,thereby facilitating its transition into type-ⅥSSI.The numerical results indicate that the peak pressure can be reduced by approximately 32.26%at maximum.Furthermore,the development of PSJ also extends in the Z direction.The pressure decreases in the area affected by both PSJ and jet shock due to the attenuation of the SSI zone.With increasing discharge energy,the control effect of PSJ on SSI is gradually enhanced. 展开更多
关键词 plasma synthetic jet shock/shock interaction double wedge high-speed vehicle active flow control(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
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Design and construction of two biased electrodes and preliminary experiments on the Keda Torus eXperiment 认领 引用
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作者 Jiaren WU Tao LAN +21 位作者 Ge ZHUANG Jie WU Wenzhe MAO Chen CHEN Xingkang WANG Peng DENG Qilong DONG Yongkang ZHOU Tianxiong WANG Pengcheng LU Zeqi BAI Yuhua HUANG Zhengwei WU Zian WEI Xiaohui WEN Hai WANG Chu ZHOU Ahdi LIU Jinlin XIE Hong LI Weixing DING Wandong LIU 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第4期42-49,共8页
The electromagnetic turbulence in reversed field pinch(RFP)plasmas exhibits three-dimensional characteristics.Suppression of this turbulence is crucial for enhancing plasma confinement,necessitating control over the e... The electromagnetic turbulence in reversed field pinch(RFP)plasmas exhibits three-dimensional characteristics.Suppression of this turbulence is crucial for enhancing plasma confinement,necessitating control over the electric field or the current profile.To this end,two sets of electrodes have been designed and installed on the Keda Torus eXperiment(KTX)RFP device to manipulate the edge electric field and the edge parallel current profile.Subsequently,the edge radial electric field and edge parallel current profile control experiments are conducted.In the edge radial electric field control experiments,the edge radial electric field is altered under bias,accompanied with an increase in the electron density and plasma duration.However,under bias,both electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations are enhanced.In the edge parallel current profile control experiments,the results indicate that bias modifies the edge parallel current profile locally,leading to a localized increase in the field reversal depth and electron density.Additionally,a reduction in magnetic fluctuations is observed within the reversed field enhanced region under bias,suggesting that the bias suppresses magnetic perturbations. 展开更多
关键词 KTX biased electrode radial electric field parallel current profile(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
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Comprehensive research facility for negative ion source neutral beam injection at CRAFT:design and first 认领 引用
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作者 Jianglong WEI Yahong XIE +40 位作者 Yuanlai XIE Caichao JIANG Yuanzhe ZHAO Yongjian XU Yuming GU Wei YI Wei LIU Lyuyang BU Dezhi YAN Zhimin LIU Sheng LIU Junjun PAN Shiyong CHEN Ling YU Qinglong CUI Shihua SONG Yuqing CHEN Ji WANG Ling LIU Shengmin PAN Bin GUO Zhigang ZHU Na WANG Junwei XIE Yuwen YANG Tengsai ZHU Lixin YANG Yufan LI Ning TANG Qianxu WANG Huihui HONG Bo LIU Yuqian LI Yang LI Yu GU Xufeng PENG Shanhu LIU Yong WU Xiancai MENG Chundong HU Lizhen LIANG 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第4期1-11,共11页
Neutral beam injection(NBI)has been proven as a reliable heating and current drive method for fusion plasma.For the high-energy NBI system(particle energy>150 ke V)of large-scale fusion devices,the negative ion sou... Neutral beam injection(NBI)has been proven as a reliable heating and current drive method for fusion plasma.For the high-energy NBI system(particle energy>150 ke V)of large-scale fusion devices,the negative ion source neutral beam injection(NNBI)system is inevitable,which can obtain an acceptable neutralization efficiency(>55%).But the NNBI system is very complex and challengeable.To explore and master the key NNBI technology for future fusion reactor in China,an NNBI test facility is under development in the framework of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT).The initial goal of CRAFT NNBI facility is to achieve a 2 MW hydrogen neutral beam at the energy of 200–400 ke V for lasting 100 s.In the first operation of the CRAFT NNBI facility,a negative ion source with dual RF drivers was developed and tested.By using the 50 keV accelerator,the long-pulse and highcurrent extractions of negative hydrogen ions have been achieved and the typical values were 55.4 keV,7.3 A(~123 A/m2),105 s and 55.0 keV,14.7 A(~248 A/m2),30 s,respectively.By using the 200 keV accelerator,the megawatt-class negative hydrogen beam has also been achieved(135.9 keV,8.9 A,8 s).The whole process of the gas neutralization of negative ion beam,electric removal of residual ions,and beam transport have been demonstrated experimentally. 展开更多
关键词 beam acceleration magnetic confinement fusion negative ion source neutral beam injection(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
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