Structured flowchart( SFC) and Automatic code generation based on SFC( CG-SFC) have been widely used in software requirements,design and testing phases. Some CG-SFC tools such as Rhapsody have the ability to build flo...Structured flowchart( SFC) and Automatic code generation based on SFC( CG-SFC) have been widely used in software requirements,design and testing phases. Some CG-SFC tools such as Rhapsody have the ability to build flowchart and generate code,but they do not check whether a given flowchart is correct or structural. For unstructured error ‘goto'statements will be generated randomly. We proposed three algorithms and some error recognition criteria to solve those problems. Structure recognition algorithm can recognize Selection,While/for and do-while structures. Error recognition algorithm incorporating criteria can check all the errors. At last,we develop a CG-SFC system,and compared with existing Rhapsody,it shows that the proposed algorithms are correct and effective.展开更多
With the expansion of the Internet market,the traditional software development method has been difficult to meet the market demand due to the problems of long development cycle,tedious work,and difficult system mainte...With the expansion of the Internet market,the traditional software development method has been difficult to meet the market demand due to the problems of long development cycle,tedious work,and difficult system maintenance.Therefore,to improve software development efficiency,this study uses residual networks and bidirectional long short-term memory(BLSTM)networks to improve the Pix2code model.The experiment results show that after improving the visual module of the Pix2code model using residual networks,the accuracy of the training set improves from 0.92 to 0.96,and the convergence time is shortened from 3 hours to 2 hours.After using a BLSTM network to improve the language module and decoding layer,the accuracy and convergence speed of the model have also been improved.The accuracy of the training set grew from 0.88 to 0.92,and the convergence time was shortened by 0.5 hours.However,models improved by BLSTM networks might exhibit overfitting,and thus this study uses Dropout and Xavier normal distribution to improve the memory network.The results validate that the training set accuracy of the optimized BLSTM network remains around 0.92,but the accuracy of the test set has improved to a maximum of 85%.Dropout and Xavier normal distributions can effectively improve the overfitting problem of BLSTM networks.Although they can also decrease the model’s stability,their gain is higher.The training and testing accuracy of the Pix2code improved by residual network and BLSTM network are 0.95 and 0.82,respectively,while the code generation accuracy of the original Pix2code is only 0.77.The above data indicate that the improved Pix2code model has improved the accuracy and stability of code automatic generation.展开更多
With the development of computer technology, embedded control system plays an important role in modern industry. For the embedded system, traditional development methods are time-consuming and system is not easy to ma...With the development of computer technology, embedded control system plays an important role in modern industry. For the embedded system, traditional development methods are time-consuming and system is not easy to maintain. Domain-specific modeling provides a solution for the problems. In this paper, we proposed development architecture for embedded control systems based on MIC. GME is used to construct meta-model and application model, model in-terpreter interprets model and stores model information in xml format document. The final cross-platform codes are automatically generated by different templates and xml format document. This development method can reduce time and cost in the lifecycle of system development.展开更多
It is of great significance to automatically generate code from structured flowchart. There are some deficiencies in existing researches, and their key algorithms and technologies are not elaborated, also there are ve...It is of great significance to automatically generate code from structured flowchart. There are some deficiencies in existing researches, and their key algorithms and technologies are not elaborated, also there are very few full-featured integrated development platforms that can generate code automatically based on structured flowchart. By analyzing the characteristics of structured flowchart, a structure identification algorithm for structured flowchart is put forward. The correctness of algorithm is verified by enumeration iteration. Then taking the identified flowchart as input, an automatic code generation algorithm is proposed. Also the correctness is verified by enumeration iteration. Finally an integrated development platform is developed using those algorithms, including flowchart modeling, code automatic generation, CDT\GCC\GDB etc. The correctness and effectiveness of algorithms proposed are verified through practical operations.展开更多
QLC(Quad-Level Cell) NAND flash will be one of the future technologies for next generation memory chip after three-dimensional(3D) TLC(Triple-Level Cell) stacked NAND flash. In QLC device, data errors will easil...QLC(Quad-Level Cell) NAND flash will be one of the future technologies for next generation memory chip after three-dimensional(3D) TLC(Triple-Level Cell) stacked NAND flash. In QLC device, data errors will easily occur because of 2~4 data levels in the limited voltage range. This paper studies QLC NAND technology which is 4 bits per cell. QLC programming methods based on 16 voltage levels and reading method based on "half-change" Gray coding are researched. Because of the probable error impact of QLC NAND cell's voltage change, the solution of generating the soft information after XOR(exclusive OR) the soft bits by internal read mechanism is presented for Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC) Belief Propagation(BP) decoding in QLC design for its system level application.展开更多
Quantization has emerged as an important technique for enabling efficient deployment of large language models(LLMs)by reducing their memory and computational requirements.This research conducts an evaluation of INT8 q...Quantization has emerged as an important technique for enabling efficient deployment of large language models(LLMs)by reducing their memory and computational requirements.This research conducts an evaluation of INT8 quantization on several state-of-the-art LLMs,GPT-2,LLaMA-2-7B-Chat and Qwen1.5-1.8B-Chat,across two hardware configurations:NVIDIA RTX4070 Laptop GPU and RTX4080 Laptop GPU and two tasks:text and code generation.By comparing quantized INT8 models with their FP16 counterparts and a human-written reference,we quantify the trade-offs between performance and efficiency using standard natural language generation metrics(BLEU,ROUGE-1,ROUGE-L)and semantic analysis via GPT-4o and Gemini 2.5 Flash(Google).The results reveal that INT8 post-training quantization(PTQ),hereafter referred to as INT8,substantially reduces inference time and memory footprint,with minimal impact on topical relevance but a notable decline in lexical precision,fluency and structural coherence.The extent of quality degradation varies by model size and architecture,with smaller models demonstrating greater resilience to quantization.Furthermore,we identify several limitations in quantized outputs,including reduced expressiveness,while highlighting their suitability for resource-constrained or real-time applications,such as robots monitoring safety standards in manufacturing environments.On average,INT8 quantization results in a 3.4 times speedup over FP16 inference across all tested models and GPUs(excluding configurations affected by CPU offloading),with the largest gains observed in large models like LLaMA-2-7B-Chat.The results also indicate that structured code generation exhibits slightly greater sensitivity to INT8 quantization compared to explanatory text generation.展开更多
Geospatial code generation is crucial in integrating Al with geo-scientific analysis,but standardized evaluation tools are lacking.This study presents AutoGEEval++,an enhanced framework for evaluating large language m...Geospatial code generation is crucial in integrating Al with geo-scientific analysis,but standardized evaluation tools are lacking.This study presents AutoGEEval++,an enhanced framework for evaluating large language models(LLMs)that generate geospatial code on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.Built on the GEE Python APl,AutoGEEval++includes a benchmark dataset-AutoGEEval++-Bench-comprising 6,365 test cases across 26 GEE data types and three task categories:unit test,combination test,and theme test.The framework offers a fully automated evaluation pipe-line,from code generation to execution-based validation,using multi-dimensional metrics such as accuracy,resource consumption,runtime efficiency,and error types.It also supports boundary testing and error pattern analysis.We assess 24 leading LLMs(as of June 2025)spanning general-purpose,reasoning-enhanced,code-centric,and geoscience-specific models.Experimental results high-light distinct performance,stability,and error patterns,demonstrat-ing the framework's scalability for vertical-domain code generation.This study establishes the first standardized evaluation protocol and resource suite for GEE-based LLM code generation,providing a unified benchmark and a methodology for evaluating the transi-tion from natural language to domain-specific code,advancing geospatial Al research.展开更多
Refactoring improves maintainability without altering externally observable behavior,yet it remains costly and error-prone when applied manually at scale.While large language models(LLMs)can generate plausible refacto...Refactoring improves maintainability without altering externally observable behavior,yet it remains costly and error-prone when applied manually at scale.While large language models(LLMs)can generate plausible refactorings,practical adoption is limited by uncontrolled edit scope,inconsistent outputs under stochastic decoding,and weak traceability of why a change was produced.This paper proposes a smell-targeted,scope-bound refactoring framework for JavaScript that couples deterministic AST-based smell detection with constrained LLM transformation.The key design principle is to bind generation to explicitly detected smell instances,enforce a structured output contract(refactored code plus per-smell rationale),and log full refactoring artifacts for repeatable evaluation.We implement the framework as a microservice-based prototype(detector,prompt construction and routing,orchestrator,analytics,and UI)and evaluate it on LeetCode-style solutions and multiple GitHub repositories.Across the evaluated projects,the approach achieves an average smell reduction of 83.96%and an average maintainability index improvement of+5.366,while maintaining a mean developer acceptance rate of 91.66%.A targeted temperature study identifies an operating point around 0.4 that maximizes acceptance(approximately 95%in controlled trials),balancing determinism with sufficient flexibility for structure-improving edits.These results suggest that explicit scope control and structured traceability are central to making LLM-based refactoring reliable and reviewable,and motivate future integration with automated validation(tests,linting)and repository-conditioned policies.展开更多
In recent years,various network architectures based on the Transformer model have achieved significant success in natural language processing and are increasingly being applied to other fields,underscoring the importa...In recent years,various network architectures based on the Transformer model have achieved significant success in natural language processing and are increasingly being applied to other fields,underscoring the importance of accelerating Transformer models.Models based on the Transformer architecture typically contain a vast number of parameters and impose substantial computational demands.The training and inference of these models requires significant computational resource,placing considerable demands on the computational backends.Developing software ecosystem across different platforms requires substantial development effort,making the research into cross-platform code generation technology for Transformer models particularly important.In the work,we propose HiperTI,a high performance system designed for cross-platform code generation,facilitating the inference of large transformer models based on MLIR.The GEMM code generated by HiperTI matches cuBLAS on NVIDIA A100 GPUs in performance,while its Attention computation achieves twice the performance of Triton.Additionally,on the Hygon DCU Z100,the Attention kernel from HiperTI demonstrates a 20%average performance improvement over PyTorch.展开更多
This paper aims to explore a simpler and more user-friendly way of generating software based on model-driven development.Previous studies have attempted to generate code from domain models,hoping to reduce coding time...This paper aims to explore a simpler and more user-friendly way of generating software based on model-driven development.Previous studies have attempted to generate code from domain models,hoping to reduce coding time by increasing modeling time.However,as code tools become more advanced,it is challenging to improve efficiency because models are abstract while implementations are concrete.This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates ChatGPT as a plug-in into the whole R&D process and combines it with our code generation tool to enhance R&D efficiency.We have developed some demos to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.According to our evaluation,our approach can save more than 90%of the work in implementing the code generation tool,leaving only about 10%of the work for code review,code improvement,and unit testing.展开更多
In today’s digital era,algorithms have become an indispensable part of our daily lives and work.Algorithm education plays a crucial role in computer science and software engineering,aiming to cultivate students’prob...In today’s digital era,algorithms have become an indispensable part of our daily lives and work.Algorithm education plays a crucial role in computer science and software engineering,aiming to cultivate students’problem-solving skills and computational thinking.However,traditional algorithm education often requires significant time and efforts from teachers,lacks interactivity,and provides limited examples.The rapid advancement of AI technology,particularly generative models,and large language models(LLMs),has the potential to revolutionize computer education.Models like OpenAI’s GPT-4 and ChatGPT have conversational capabilities and contribute to various aspects of computer education.GPT-3.5,as an assistant in algorithm education,assists teachers in automatically generating explanations and algorithmic examples to enhance students’understanding of algorithms.While existing research has certain limitations,such as focusing on specific scenarios and lacking comprehensive benchmark testing,this paper explores the role of ChatGPT(GPT-3.5)in algorithm education.By refining prompts and evaluating generative capabilities,the study demonstrates that GPT-3.5 holds significant potential as a teaching aid.With an average accuracy of 0.81.GPT-3.5 can generate explanations,code examples,and visualizations of the corresponding algorithms.Other tests including algorithm problem-solving and examples giving also prove the practicability of GPT-3.5 in algorithm education.展开更多
With the increasing of communication applications in recent years, the demand for radio spectral resources has increased significantly. Cognitive radio scenario was proposed to improve spectrum efficiency in wireless ...With the increasing of communication applications in recent years, the demand for radio spectral resources has increased significantly. Cognitive radio scenario was proposed to improve spectrum efficiency in wireless communication systems. In cognitive radio network, it is essential that control information is sent securely and reliably. Ensuring the trustworthiness of the transmitting of spectrum sensing information is important in the CR networks since spectrum sensing directly affects spectrum management and incumbent coexistence. In this paper, the first secondary link channel model is presented, then a secure LT Code is proposed to be compatible with presented channel model and acquires good QoS. As we may know, LT code overcomes packet loss when the channel of the SU is reclaimed by PU. In the new proposed combined encoding and ciphered block, a LT code matrix is used to generate a symmetric cryptographic key. Thus, less complexity observed in the processing computation. Besides, cryptographic key is not sent over the channel. As a result, an attacker has no way to eavesdrop the key unless he is prepared to consider all possible key combinations. This replaced block supplies secure controlling channel and increases spectrum efficiency too.展开更多
Embedded real-time systems employ a variety of operating system platforms. Consequently, for automatic code generation, considerable redevelopment is needed when the platform changes. This results in major challenges ...Embedded real-time systems employ a variety of operating system platforms. Consequently, for automatic code generation, considerable redevelopment is needed when the platform changes. This results in major challenges with respect to the automatic code generation process of the architecture analysis and design language (AADL). In this paper, we propose a method of template-based automatic code generation to address this issue. Templates are used as carriers of automatic code generation rules from AADL to the object platform. These templates can be easily modified for different platforms. Automatic code generation for different platforms can be accomplished by formulating the corresponding generation rules and transformation templates. We design a set of code generation templates from AADL to the object platform and develop an automatic code generation tool. Finally, we take a typical data processing unit (DPU) system as a case study to test the tool. It is demonstrated that the autogenerated codes can be compiled and executed successfully on the object platform.展开更多
The use of multi-core processors will become a trend in safety critical systems. For safe execution of multi- threaded code, automatic code generation from formal spec- ification is a desirable method. Signal, a synch...The use of multi-core processors will become a trend in safety critical systems. For safe execution of multi- threaded code, automatic code generation from formal spec- ification is a desirable method. Signal, a synchronous lan- guage dedicated for the functional description of safety crit- ical systems, provides soundness semantics for determinis- tic concurrency. Although sequential code generation of Sig- nal has been implemented in Polychrony compiler, deter- ministic multi-threaded code generation strategy is still far from mature. Moreover, existing code generation methods use certain multi-thread library, which limits the cross plat- form executions. OpenMP is an application program inter- face (API) standard for parallel programming, supported by several mainstream compilers from different platforms. This paper presents a methodology translating Signal program to OpenMP-based multi-threaded C code. First, the intermedi- ate representation of the core syntax of Signal using syn- chronous guarded actions is defined. Then, according to the compositional semantics of Signal equations, the Signal pro- gram is synthesized to dependency graph (DG). After par- allel tasks are extracted from dependency graph, the Signal program can be finally translated into OpenMP-based C code which can be executed on multiple platforms.展开更多
This paper focuses on coding,retransmission,and Adaptive Modulation and Coding(AMC)for Beyond the Fifth Generation(B5G)and the Sixth Generation(6G)mobile communication scenarios.Firstly,for coding,we propose a coupled...This paper focuses on coding,retransmission,and Adaptive Modulation and Coding(AMC)for Beyond the Fifth Generation(B5G)and the Sixth Generation(6G)mobile communication scenarios.Firstly,for coding,we propose a coupled coding scheme to enhance the 5G Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)codes,named Block Markov Superposition Transmission of 5G LDPC(BMST-5G-LDPC)codes.Specifically,a portion(denoted as the superposition fractionα)of bits of the previous 5G LDPC coded block is superimposed onto the current coded block,resulting in the current transmitted codeword.To optimize the superposition fraction,we propose a generalized EXtrinsic Information Transfer(EXiT)chart analysis,which can efficiently guide the optimization ofα,as consistent with the simulation.Secondly,for retransmission,we introduce a new Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest(HARQ)scheme,in which the retransmitted data are obtained by multiplying the erroneous coded blocks or coded block groups with the Low-Density Generator Matrix(LDGM),called LDGMHARQ.The key issue lies in the optimization of the LDGM,with an important parameter being the column weight of the matrix.Similarly,we present an EXlT chart analysis to optimize the key matrix,and the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the analysis.Meanwhile,we also present the throughput analysis based on the renewal-reward theorem to describe the improvement of the LDGM-HARQ over the conventional HARQ scheme.Thirdly,for AMC,by employing the proposed coding and HARQ scheme,we present the throughput performance combined with the link adaption,further revealing the performance gains of the proposed scheme compared to the 5G standard.展开更多
Computation reuse is known as an effective optimization technique. However, due to the complexity of modern GPU architectures, there is yet not enough understanding regarding the intriguing implications of the interpl...Computation reuse is known as an effective optimization technique. However, due to the complexity of modern GPU architectures, there is yet not enough understanding regarding the intriguing implications of the interplay of compu- ration reuse and hardware specifics on application performance. In this paper, we propose an automatic code generator for a class of stencil codes with inherent computation reuse on CPUs. For such applications, the proper reuse of intermediate results, combined with careful register and on-chip local memory usage, has profound implications on performance. Current state of the art does not address this problem in depth, partially due to the lack of a good program representation that can expose all potential computation reuse. In this paper, we leverage the computation overlap graph (COG), a simple representation of data dependence and data reuse with "element view", to expose potential reuse opportunities. Using COG, we propose a portable code generation and tuning framework for GPUs. Compared with current state-of-the-art code generators, our experimental results show up to 56.7% performance improvement on modern GPUs such as NVIDIA C2050.展开更多
The flourish of deep learning frameworks and hardware platforms has been demanding an efficient compiler that can shield the diversity in both software and hardware in order to provide application portability.Among th...The flourish of deep learning frameworks and hardware platforms has been demanding an efficient compiler that can shield the diversity in both software and hardware in order to provide application portability.Among the existing deep learning compilers,TVM is well known for its efficiency in code generation and optimization across diverse hardware devices.In the meanwhile,the Sunway many-core processor renders itself as a competitive candidate for its attractive computational power in both scientific computing and deep learning workloads.This paper combines the trends in these two directions.Specifically,we propose swTVM that extends the original TVM to support ahead-of-time compilation for architecture requiring cross-compilation such as Sunway.In addition,we leverage the architecture features during the compilation such as core group for massive parallelism,DMA for high bandwidth memory transfer and local device memory for data locality,in order to generate efficient codes for deep learning workloads on Sunway.The experiment results show that the codes generated by swTVM achieve 1.79x improvement of inference latency on average compared to the state-of-the-art deep learning framework on Sunway,across eight representative benchmarks.This work is the first attempt from the compiler perspective to bridge the gap of deep learning and Sunway processor particularly with productivity and efficiency in mind.We believe this work will encourage more people to embrace the power of deep learning and Sunwaymany-coreprocessor.展开更多
While grid computing receives more and more attentions, it is not widely used partly due to requirement of sophisticated development. This paper discusses a code generation framework for grid computing. We firstly int...While grid computing receives more and more attentions, it is not widely used partly due to requirement of sophisticated development. This paper discusses a code generation framework for grid computing. We firstly introduce GBuilder as a rapid development tool for building grid computing applications, then present the details of the code generation framework. We then discuss a case study to show the advantages of the whole processing of code generation framework, which including saved development time and less intricacy burden on the grid application developers.展开更多
The emerging new concepts and technologies based on microwave photonics have led to an ever-increasing interest in developing innovative radar systems with a net gain in functionality,bandwidth esolution,size,mass,com...The emerging new concepts and technologies based on microwave photonics have led to an ever-increasing interest in developing innovative radar systems with a net gain in functionality,bandwidth esolution,size,mass,complexity and cost when compared with the traditional implementations. This paper describes the techniques developed in the last few years in microwave photonics that might revolutionize the way to design multifunction radar systems,with an emphasis on the recent advances in optoelectronic oscillators( OEOs),arbitrary waveform generation,photonic mixing,phase coding,filtering,beamforming,analog-to-digital conversion,and stable radio-frequency signal transfer. Challenges in implementation of these components and subsystems for meeting the technique requirements of the multifunction radar applications are discussed.展开更多
In this paper,ambient IoT is used as a typical use case of massive connections for the sixth generation(6G)mobile communications where we derive the performance requirements to facilitate the evaluation of technical s...In this paper,ambient IoT is used as a typical use case of massive connections for the sixth generation(6G)mobile communications where we derive the performance requirements to facilitate the evaluation of technical solutions.A rather complete design of unsourced multiple access is proposed in which two key parts:a compressed sensing module for active user detection,and a sparse interleaver-division multiple access(SIDMA)module are simulated side by side on a same platform at balanced signal to noise ratio(SNR)operating points.With a proper combination of compressed sensing matrix,a convolutional encoder,receiver algorithms,the simulated performance results appear superior to the state-of-the-art benchmark,yet with relatively less complicated processing.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61402131)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M551245,2016T90293)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.LBH-Z13105)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HIT.NSRIF.201651)
摘要Structured flowchart( SFC) and Automatic code generation based on SFC( CG-SFC) have been widely used in software requirements,design and testing phases. Some CG-SFC tools such as Rhapsody have the ability to build flowchart and generate code,but they do not check whether a given flowchart is correct or structural. For unstructured error ‘goto'statements will be generated randomly. We proposed three algorithms and some error recognition criteria to solve those problems. Structure recognition algorithm can recognize Selection,While/for and do-while structures. Error recognition algorithm incorporating criteria can check all the errors. At last,we develop a CG-SFC system,and compared with existing Rhapsody,it shows that the proposed algorithms are correct and effective.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62062063)the Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education,China(No.GJJ202310)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.20224BAB202022).
摘要With the expansion of the Internet market,the traditional software development method has been difficult to meet the market demand due to the problems of long development cycle,tedious work,and difficult system maintenance.Therefore,to improve software development efficiency,this study uses residual networks and bidirectional long short-term memory(BLSTM)networks to improve the Pix2code model.The experiment results show that after improving the visual module of the Pix2code model using residual networks,the accuracy of the training set improves from 0.92 to 0.96,and the convergence time is shortened from 3 hours to 2 hours.After using a BLSTM network to improve the language module and decoding layer,the accuracy and convergence speed of the model have also been improved.The accuracy of the training set grew from 0.88 to 0.92,and the convergence time was shortened by 0.5 hours.However,models improved by BLSTM networks might exhibit overfitting,and thus this study uses Dropout and Xavier normal distribution to improve the memory network.The results validate that the training set accuracy of the optimized BLSTM network remains around 0.92,but the accuracy of the test set has improved to a maximum of 85%.Dropout and Xavier normal distributions can effectively improve the overfitting problem of BLSTM networks.Although they can also decrease the model’s stability,their gain is higher.The training and testing accuracy of the Pix2code improved by residual network and BLSTM network are 0.95 and 0.82,respectively,while the code generation accuracy of the original Pix2code is only 0.77.The above data indicate that the improved Pix2code model has improved the accuracy and stability of code automatic generation.
摘要With the development of computer technology, embedded control system plays an important role in modern industry. For the embedded system, traditional development methods are time-consuming and system is not easy to maintain. Domain-specific modeling provides a solution for the problems. In this paper, we proposed development architecture for embedded control systems based on MIC. GME is used to construct meta-model and application model, model in-terpreter interprets model and stores model information in xml format document. The final cross-platform codes are automatically generated by different templates and xml format document. This development method can reduce time and cost in the lifecycle of system development.
摘要It is of great significance to automatically generate code from structured flowchart. There are some deficiencies in existing researches, and their key algorithms and technologies are not elaborated, also there are very few full-featured integrated development platforms that can generate code automatically based on structured flowchart. By analyzing the characteristics of structured flowchart, a structure identification algorithm for structured flowchart is put forward. The correctness of algorithm is verified by enumeration iteration. Then taking the identified flowchart as input, an automatic code generation algorithm is proposed. Also the correctness is verified by enumeration iteration. Finally an integrated development platform is developed using those algorithms, including flowchart modeling, code automatic generation, CDT\GCC\GDB etc. The correctness and effectiveness of algorithms proposed are verified through practical operations.
摘要QLC(Quad-Level Cell) NAND flash will be one of the future technologies for next generation memory chip after three-dimensional(3D) TLC(Triple-Level Cell) stacked NAND flash. In QLC device, data errors will easily occur because of 2~4 data levels in the limited voltage range. This paper studies QLC NAND technology which is 4 bits per cell. QLC programming methods based on 16 voltage levels and reading method based on "half-change" Gray coding are researched. Because of the probable error impact of QLC NAND cell's voltage change, the solution of generating the soft information after XOR(exclusive OR) the soft bits by internal read mechanism is presented for Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC) Belief Propagation(BP) decoding in QLC design for its system level application.
基金supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,CNCS/CCCDI-UEFISCDI,project number COFUND-DUT-OPEN4CEC-1,within PNCDI Ⅳfunded by UEFISCDI under the Driving Urban Transitions Partnership,which has been co-funded by the European Commission.
摘要Quantization has emerged as an important technique for enabling efficient deployment of large language models(LLMs)by reducing their memory and computational requirements.This research conducts an evaluation of INT8 quantization on several state-of-the-art LLMs,GPT-2,LLaMA-2-7B-Chat and Qwen1.5-1.8B-Chat,across two hardware configurations:NVIDIA RTX4070 Laptop GPU and RTX4080 Laptop GPU and two tasks:text and code generation.By comparing quantized INT8 models with their FP16 counterparts and a human-written reference,we quantify the trade-offs between performance and efficiency using standard natural language generation metrics(BLEU,ROUGE-1,ROUGE-L)and semantic analysis via GPT-4o and Gemini 2.5 Flash(Google).The results reveal that INT8 post-training quantization(PTQ),hereafter referred to as INT8,substantially reduces inference time and memory footprint,with minimal impact on topical relevance but a notable decline in lexical precision,fluency and structural coherence.The extent of quality degradation varies by model size and architecture,with smaller models demonstrating greater resilience to quantization.Furthermore,we identify several limitations in quantized outputs,including reduced expressiveness,while highlighting their suitability for resource-constrained or real-time applications,such as robots monitoring safety standards in manufacturing environments.On average,INT8 quantization results in a 3.4 times speedup over FP16 inference across all tested models and GPUs(excluding configurations affected by CPU offloading),with the largest gains observed in large models like LLaMA-2-7B-Chat.The results also indicate that structured code generation exhibits slightly greater sensitivity to INT8 quantization compared to explanatory text generation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[41971349 and 41930107].
摘要Geospatial code generation is crucial in integrating Al with geo-scientific analysis,but standardized evaluation tools are lacking.This study presents AutoGEEval++,an enhanced framework for evaluating large language models(LLMs)that generate geospatial code on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.Built on the GEE Python APl,AutoGEEval++includes a benchmark dataset-AutoGEEval++-Bench-comprising 6,365 test cases across 26 GEE data types and three task categories:unit test,combination test,and theme test.The framework offers a fully automated evaluation pipe-line,from code generation to execution-based validation,using multi-dimensional metrics such as accuracy,resource consumption,runtime efficiency,and error types.It also supports boundary testing and error pattern analysis.We assess 24 leading LLMs(as of June 2025)spanning general-purpose,reasoning-enhanced,code-centric,and geoscience-specific models.Experimental results high-light distinct performance,stability,and error patterns,demonstrat-ing the framework's scalability for vertical-domain code generation.This study establishes the first standardized evaluation protocol and resource suite for GEE-based LLM code generation,providing a unified benchmark and a methodology for evaluating the transi-tion from natural language to domain-specific code,advancing geospatial Al research.
摘要Refactoring improves maintainability without altering externally observable behavior,yet it remains costly and error-prone when applied manually at scale.While large language models(LLMs)can generate plausible refactorings,practical adoption is limited by uncontrolled edit scope,inconsistent outputs under stochastic decoding,and weak traceability of why a change was produced.This paper proposes a smell-targeted,scope-bound refactoring framework for JavaScript that couples deterministic AST-based smell detection with constrained LLM transformation.The key design principle is to bind generation to explicitly detected smell instances,enforce a structured output contract(refactored code plus per-smell rationale),and log full refactoring artifacts for repeatable evaluation.We implement the framework as a microservice-based prototype(detector,prompt construction and routing,orchestrator,analytics,and UI)and evaluate it on LeetCode-style solutions and multiple GitHub repositories.Across the evaluated projects,the approach achieves an average smell reduction of 83.96%and an average maintainability index improvement of+5.366,while maintaining a mean developer acceptance rate of 91.66%.A targeted temperature study identifies an operating point around 0.4 that maximizes acceptance(approximately 95%in controlled trials),balancing determinism with sufficient flexibility for structure-improving edits.These results suggest that explicit scope control and structured traceability are central to making LLM-based refactoring reliable and reviewable,and motivate future integration with automated validation(tests,linting)and repository-conditioned policies.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant numbers 62172391,62032023,and T2125013.
摘要In recent years,various network architectures based on the Transformer model have achieved significant success in natural language processing and are increasingly being applied to other fields,underscoring the importance of accelerating Transformer models.Models based on the Transformer architecture typically contain a vast number of parameters and impose substantial computational demands.The training and inference of these models requires significant computational resource,placing considerable demands on the computational backends.Developing software ecosystem across different platforms requires substantial development effort,making the research into cross-platform code generation technology for Transformer models particularly important.In the work,we propose HiperTI,a high performance system designed for cross-platform code generation,facilitating the inference of large transformer models based on MLIR.The GEMM code generated by HiperTI matches cuBLAS on NVIDIA A100 GPUs in performance,while its Attention computation achieves twice the performance of Triton.Additionally,on the Hygon DCU Z100,the Attention kernel from HiperTI demonstrates a 20%average performance improvement over PyTorch.
基金fully supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province in China(Grant No.2021CFB482)Basic Research Science and Technology Project of Xiangyang(High-tech Domain 2022ABH007013)Hubei Superior and Distinctive Discipline Group of“New Energy Vehicle and Smart Transportation”。
摘要This paper aims to explore a simpler and more user-friendly way of generating software based on model-driven development.Previous studies have attempted to generate code from domain models,hoping to reduce coding time by increasing modeling time.However,as code tools become more advanced,it is challenging to improve efficiency because models are abstract while implementations are concrete.This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates ChatGPT as a plug-in into the whole R&D process and combines it with our code generation tool to enhance R&D efficiency.We have developed some demos to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.According to our evaluation,our approach can save more than 90%of the work in implementing the code generation tool,leaving only about 10%of the work for code review,code improvement,and unit testing.
基金funded by the Double First Class Graduate Quality Curriculum Construction Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University。
摘要In today’s digital era,algorithms have become an indispensable part of our daily lives and work.Algorithm education plays a crucial role in computer science and software engineering,aiming to cultivate students’problem-solving skills and computational thinking.However,traditional algorithm education often requires significant time and efforts from teachers,lacks interactivity,and provides limited examples.The rapid advancement of AI technology,particularly generative models,and large language models(LLMs),has the potential to revolutionize computer education.Models like OpenAI’s GPT-4 and ChatGPT have conversational capabilities and contribute to various aspects of computer education.GPT-3.5,as an assistant in algorithm education,assists teachers in automatically generating explanations and algorithmic examples to enhance students’understanding of algorithms.While existing research has certain limitations,such as focusing on specific scenarios and lacking comprehensive benchmark testing,this paper explores the role of ChatGPT(GPT-3.5)in algorithm education.By refining prompts and evaluating generative capabilities,the study demonstrates that GPT-3.5 holds significant potential as a teaching aid.With an average accuracy of 0.81.GPT-3.5 can generate explanations,code examples,and visualizations of the corresponding algorithms.Other tests including algorithm problem-solving and examples giving also prove the practicability of GPT-3.5 in algorithm education.
摘要With the increasing of communication applications in recent years, the demand for radio spectral resources has increased significantly. Cognitive radio scenario was proposed to improve spectrum efficiency in wireless communication systems. In cognitive radio network, it is essential that control information is sent securely and reliably. Ensuring the trustworthiness of the transmitting of spectrum sensing information is important in the CR networks since spectrum sensing directly affects spectrum management and incumbent coexistence. In this paper, the first secondary link channel model is presented, then a secure LT Code is proposed to be compatible with presented channel model and acquires good QoS. As we may know, LT code overcomes packet loss when the channel of the SU is reclaimed by PU. In the new proposed combined encoding and ciphered block, a LT code matrix is used to generate a symmetric cryptographic key. Thus, less complexity observed in the processing computation. Besides, cryptographic key is not sent over the channel. As a result, an attacker has no way to eavesdrop the key unless he is prepared to consider all possible key combinations. This replaced block supplies secure controlling channel and increases spectrum efficiency too.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61672074 and 91538202)Project of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment of China (SKLSDE-2016ZX-16).
摘要Embedded real-time systems employ a variety of operating system platforms. Consequently, for automatic code generation, considerable redevelopment is needed when the platform changes. This results in major challenges with respect to the automatic code generation process of the architecture analysis and design language (AADL). In this paper, we propose a method of template-based automatic code generation to address this issue. Templates are used as carriers of automatic code generation rules from AADL to the object platform. These templates can be easily modified for different platforms. Automatic code generation for different platforms can be accomplished by formulating the corresponding generation rules and transformation templates. We design a set of code generation templates from AADL to the object platform and develop an automatic code generation tool. Finally, we take a typical data processing unit (DPU) system as a case study to test the tool. It is demonstrated that the autogenerated codes can be compiled and executed successfully on the object platform.
摘要The use of multi-core processors will become a trend in safety critical systems. For safe execution of multi- threaded code, automatic code generation from formal spec- ification is a desirable method. Signal, a synchronous lan- guage dedicated for the functional description of safety crit- ical systems, provides soundness semantics for determinis- tic concurrency. Although sequential code generation of Sig- nal has been implemented in Polychrony compiler, deter- ministic multi-threaded code generation strategy is still far from mature. Moreover, existing code generation methods use certain multi-thread library, which limits the cross plat- form executions. OpenMP is an application program inter- face (API) standard for parallel programming, supported by several mainstream compilers from different platforms. This paper presents a methodology translating Signal program to OpenMP-based multi-threaded C code. First, the intermedi- ate representation of the core syntax of Signal using syn- chronous guarded actions is defined. Then, according to the compositional semantics of Signal equations, the Signal pro- gram is synthesized to dependency graph (DG). After par- allel tasks are extracted from dependency graph, the Signal program can be finally translated into OpenMP-based C code which can be executed on multiple platforms.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1000500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62301617,62471506,and 62271514)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515011056)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data(No.PBD2023-01)the Open Project of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Port Security Inspection(No.2023B1212010011).
摘要This paper focuses on coding,retransmission,and Adaptive Modulation and Coding(AMC)for Beyond the Fifth Generation(B5G)and the Sixth Generation(6G)mobile communication scenarios.Firstly,for coding,we propose a coupled coding scheme to enhance the 5G Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)codes,named Block Markov Superposition Transmission of 5G LDPC(BMST-5G-LDPC)codes.Specifically,a portion(denoted as the superposition fractionα)of bits of the previous 5G LDPC coded block is superimposed onto the current coded block,resulting in the current transmitted codeword.To optimize the superposition fraction,we propose a generalized EXtrinsic Information Transfer(EXiT)chart analysis,which can efficiently guide the optimization ofα,as consistent with the simulation.Secondly,for retransmission,we introduce a new Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest(HARQ)scheme,in which the retransmitted data are obtained by multiplying the erroneous coded blocks or coded block groups with the Low-Density Generator Matrix(LDGM),called LDGMHARQ.The key issue lies in the optimization of the LDGM,with an important parameter being the column weight of the matrix.Similarly,we present an EXlT chart analysis to optimize the key matrix,and the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the analysis.Meanwhile,we also present the throughput analysis based on the renewal-reward theorem to describe the improvement of the LDGM-HARQ over the conventional HARQ scheme.Thirdly,for AMC,by employing the proposed coding and HARQ scheme,we present the throughput performance combined with the link adaption,further revealing the performance gains of the proposed scheme compared to the 5G standard.
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development 863 Program of China under Grant No. 2012AA010902, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61303059.
摘要Computation reuse is known as an effective optimization technique. However, due to the complexity of modern GPU architectures, there is yet not enough understanding regarding the intriguing implications of the interplay of compu- ration reuse and hardware specifics on application performance. In this paper, we propose an automatic code generator for a class of stencil codes with inherent computation reuse on CPUs. For such applications, the proper reuse of intermediate results, combined with careful register and on-chip local memory usage, has profound implications on performance. Current state of the art does not address this problem in depth, partially due to the lack of a good program representation that can expose all potential computation reuse. In this paper, we leverage the computation overlap graph (COG), a simple representation of data dependence and data reuse with "element view", to expose potential reuse opportunities. Using COG, we propose a portable code generation and tuning framework for GPUs. Compared with current state-of-the-art code generators, our experimental results show up to 56.7% performance improvement on modern GPUs such as NVIDIA C2050.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2020YFB1506703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62072018 and 61732002)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment (No.SKLSDE-2021ZX-06)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
摘要The flourish of deep learning frameworks and hardware platforms has been demanding an efficient compiler that can shield the diversity in both software and hardware in order to provide application portability.Among the existing deep learning compilers,TVM is well known for its efficiency in code generation and optimization across diverse hardware devices.In the meanwhile,the Sunway many-core processor renders itself as a competitive candidate for its attractive computational power in both scientific computing and deep learning workloads.This paper combines the trends in these two directions.Specifically,we propose swTVM that extends the original TVM to support ahead-of-time compilation for architecture requiring cross-compilation such as Sunway.In addition,we leverage the architecture features during the compilation such as core group for massive parallelism,DMA for high bandwidth memory transfer and local device memory for data locality,in order to generate efficient codes for deep learning workloads on Sunway.The experiment results show that the codes generated by swTVM achieve 1.79x improvement of inference latency on average compared to the state-of-the-art deep learning framework on Sunway,across eight representative benchmarks.This work is the first attempt from the compiler perspective to bridge the gap of deep learning and Sunway processor particularly with productivity and efficiency in mind.We believe this work will encourage more people to embrace the power of deep learning and Sunwaymany-coreprocessor.
摘要While grid computing receives more and more attentions, it is not widely used partly due to requirement of sophisticated development. This paper discusses a code generation framework for grid computing. We firstly introduce GBuilder as a rapid development tool for building grid computing applications, then present the details of the code generation framework. We then discuss a case study to show the advantages of the whole processing of code generation framework, which including saved development time and less intricacy burden on the grid application developers.
基金Supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB315705)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2012031,BK2012381)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61201048,61107063)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
摘要The emerging new concepts and technologies based on microwave photonics have led to an ever-increasing interest in developing innovative radar systems with a net gain in functionality,bandwidth esolution,size,mass,complexity and cost when compared with the traditional implementations. This paper describes the techniques developed in the last few years in microwave photonics that might revolutionize the way to design multifunction radar systems,with an emphasis on the recent advances in optoelectronic oscillators( OEOs),arbitrary waveform generation,photonic mixing,phase coding,filtering,beamforming,analog-to-digital conversion,and stable radio-frequency signal transfer. Challenges in implementation of these components and subsystems for meeting the technique requirements of the multifunction radar applications are discussed.
摘要In this paper,ambient IoT is used as a typical use case of massive connections for the sixth generation(6G)mobile communications where we derive the performance requirements to facilitate the evaluation of technical solutions.A rather complete design of unsourced multiple access is proposed in which two key parts:a compressed sensing module for active user detection,and a sparse interleaver-division multiple access(SIDMA)module are simulated side by side on a same platform at balanced signal to noise ratio(SNR)operating points.With a proper combination of compressed sensing matrix,a convolutional encoder,receiver algorithms,the simulated performance results appear superior to the state-of-the-art benchmark,yet with relatively less complicated processing.