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Thermal Control Design for Enhancing Tolerance of Large-Aperture Reflective Camera“Sun Transit”on Geostationary Earth Orbit 认领 引用
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作者 LIAN Xinhao XIA Chenhui GAO Chao 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI CSCD 2025年第4期452-463,共12页
The large-aperture reflective cameras on the geostationary orbit are susceptible to significant temperature fluctuations due to the“Sun transit”effect.To address the shortcomings of existing thermal control measures... The large-aperture reflective cameras on the geostationary orbit are susceptible to significant temperature fluctuations due to the“Sun transit”effect.To address the shortcomings of existing thermal control measures using camera sunshades to suppress the“Sun transit”and the issue of excessively large solar avoidance angles determined solely by geometric relationships,a thermal control design method is proposed that involves adding multi-layer thermal protection at the secondary mirror position of the camera.The goal is to optimize the avoidance angle and enhance the camera’s tolerance to“Sun transit”.A heat balance and motion relationship between the avoidance angle and duration is established.Then,the minimum solar avoidance angle after adopting the multi-layer thermal protection design is calculated.This angle is compared with the one determined by geometric relationships,leading to the conclusion that this method can effectively enhance the camera’s tolerance to“Sun transit”.A heat dissipation scheme is proposed that involves a coupled north-south heat spreader design with low-temperature compensation for the internal heat source.The calculation results of the two avoidance angles are applied to the calculation of the heat dissipation area and low-temperature compensation power,achieving a closed-loop heat dissipation scheme.Puls,the superiority of the multi-layer thermal protection design method is demonstrated from the perspectives of heat dissipation area and low-temperature compensation power requirements.A comparative analysis of simulation analysis,thermal balance tests,and in-orbit temperature data further validates the effectiveness of this method. 展开更多
关键词 geostationary earth orbit Sun transit,solar avoidance thermal control design thermal protection
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Robust Control Design of Wheeled Inverted Pendulum Assistant Robot 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Magdi S.Mahmoud Mohammad T.Nasir 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2017年第4期628-638,共11页
This paper examines the design concept and mobile control strategy of the human assistant robot I-PENTAR(inverted pendulum type assistant robot). The motion equation is derived considering the non-holonomic constraint... This paper examines the design concept and mobile control strategy of the human assistant robot I-PENTAR(inverted pendulum type assistant robot). The motion equation is derived considering the non-holonomic constraint of the twowheeled mobile robot. Different optimal control approaches are applied to a linearized model of I-PENTAR. These include linear quadratic regulator(LQR), linear quadratic Gaussian control(LQG), H_2 control and H_∞ control. Simulation is performed for all the approaches yielding good performance results. 展开更多
关键词 I-PENTAR robot linear quadratic regulator(LQR) control design model predictive control(MPC) observerbased feedback control robust H_∞ control
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Integrated Fuzzy Robust Controller for Flight Control Design 认领 引用
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作者 ALI Mohamed. s. Elmelhi 《Computer Aided Drafting,Design and Manufacturing》 2005年第2期50-55,共6页
μ-synthesis is a practical design approach and has been applied successfully to achieve a nominal and robust performance objectives. However, this design method suffers from the complexity of its practical implementa... μ-synthesis is a practical design approach and has been applied successfully to achieve a nominal and robust performance objectives. However, this design method suffers from the complexity of its practical implementation and high computational demand due to its high order dynamics. To overcome this problem, the interaction between fuzzy logic control which is a part of intelligence control theory and p-synthesis controller is carried out. This is called integrated fuzzy robust controller in this paper. It is obtained by coupling fuzzy pd with p-synthesis controller through the outer loop. Using this design strategy, we can keep the system performance and robustness even a high order p-synthesis controller is reduced into second order model. In order to test the effectiveness of this design method, the linear simulation results for a launch vehicle＇s attitude control motion are presented at the end of this paper. 展开更多
关键词 fuzzy control μ-synthesis robust control design integrated fuzzy logic
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H2 and H∞-Feedback Control Design for Nonlinear Gene Networks via Successive Galerkin’s Approximation 认领 引用
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作者 Alexander W. Bae 《Computational Molecular Bioscience》 2022年第2期95-108,共14页
This paper presents a design method of H2 and H∞-feedback control loop for nonlinear smooth gene networks that are in control affine form. Formulaic solution methodology for solving the nonlinear partial differential... This paper presents a design method of H2 and H∞-feedback control loop for nonlinear smooth gene networks that are in control affine form. Formulaic solution methodology for solving the nonlinear partial differential equations, namely the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman and Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equations through successive Galerkin’s approximation is implemented and the results are compared. Throughout the implementation, there were several caveats that need to be further resolved for practical applications in general cases. Such issues and the clarification of causes are mathematically established and reviewed. 展开更多
关键词 Gene Regulatory Network GMA System Galerkin’s Approximation Feedback Design of Biomolecular Systems Hamilton-Jacobi Equation Nonlinear Control
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Compensation control and design methods for excavations in deep soft rocks 认领 引用
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作者 Qi Wang Xuepeng Wang +2 位作者 Bei Jiang Manchao He Lingfeng Sun 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2025年第6期3747-3761,共15页
During the excavation and support process in deep soft rocks,complex conditions such as high stress and strong disturbance can be encountered.The complex conditions can cause failure of the support system.Aiming at st... During the excavation and support process in deep soft rocks,complex conditions such as high stress and strong disturbance can be encountered.The complex conditions can cause failure of the support system.Aiming at stability control in deep soft rocks,we proposed the excavation compensation theory.A new high strength and high toughness material was developed.The breaking load and elongation of the new material are 1.59 and 1.78 times that of common bolt materials.To overcome the problem that the CABLE element in FLAC3D cannot simulate failure of support structures,the numerical model for the whole process of force-breaking-anchorage failure simulation(FBAS)for bolts(cables)was established.The numerical experiments on the excavation compensation control of deep soft rock were carried out.The excavation compensation control mechanism of high strength and high toughness material was clarified.Compared with the common support scheme,the highly prestressed support has a maximum increase of 90.24%in radial stress compensation rate and a maximum increase of 67.85%in deformation control rate.The results illustrate the rationality of the excavation compensation theory.The compensation design method of excavations in deep soft rocks was proposed and applied in a deep soft rock chamber.The monitoring indicated that the maximum surrounding rock deformation is 180 mm,reduced by 64%compared to the common support.The deformation of the chamber was controlled and the surrounding rock was stable. 展开更多
关键词 Deep soft rock Excavation compensation High strength and high toughness material FBAS numerical model Control design
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Global integration design method of acceleration and deceleration control schedule for variable cycle engine 认领 引用
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作者 Ying CHEN Sangwei LU +1 位作者 Wenxiang ZHOU Jinquan HUANG 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第5期248-261,共14页
Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)serves as the core system in achieving future advanced fighters with cross-generational performance and mission versatility.However,the resultant complex configuration and strong coupling of ... Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)serves as the core system in achieving future advanced fighters with cross-generational performance and mission versatility.However,the resultant complex configuration and strong coupling of control parameters present significant challenges in designing acceleration and deceleration control schedules.To thoroughly explore the performance potential of engine,a global integration design method for acceleration and deceleration control schedule based on inner and outer loop optimization is proposed.The outer loop optimization module employs Integrated Surrogate-Assisted Co-Differential Evolutionary(ISACDE)algorithm to optimize the variable geometry adjustment laws based on B-spline curve,and the inner loop optimization module adopts the fixed-state method to design the open-loop fuel–air ratio control schedules,which are aimed at minimizing the acceleration and deceleration time under multiple constraints.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed global integration design method not only furthest shortens the acceleration and deceleration time,but also effectively safeguards the engine from overlimit. 展开更多
关键词 Control schedule design Acceleration and deceleration Variablecycle engine Fixed-states method Co-differential evolutionary algorithm
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Robust H_∞ Controller Design for Uncertain Neutral Systems via Dynamic Observer Based Output Feedback 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 Fatima El Haoussi El Houssaine Tissir 《International Journal of Automation and computing》 2009年第2期164-170,共7页
In this paper, the dynamic observer-based controller design for a class of neutral systems with H∞ control is considered. An observer-based output feedback is derived for systems with polytopic parameter uncertaintie... In this paper, the dynamic observer-based controller design for a class of neutral systems with H∞ control is considered. An observer-based output feedback is derived for systems with polytopic parameter uncertainties. This controller assures delay-dependent stabilization and H∞ norm bound attenuation from the disturbance input to the controlled output. Numerical examples are provided for illustration and comparison of the proposed conditions. 展开更多
关键词 Neutral systems delay-dependent conditions H∞ control design observer linear matrix inequality （LMI） time varyingdelay systems polytopic uncertainties.
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Parametric study on damage control design of SMA dampers in frame-typed steel piers 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Xiaoqun LUO Hanbin GE Tsutomu USAMI 《Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering》 2009年第4期384-394,共11页
This paper focuses on damage control design of SMA dampers in steel frame piers.A parametric study based on time history analyses is carried out on frametyped bridge piers with axial-type SMA damping device.The parame... This paper focuses on damage control design of SMA dampers in steel frame piers.A parametric study based on time history analyses is carried out on frametyped bridge piers with axial-type SMA damping device.The parameters examined are design parameters of strength ratioαF and stiffness ratioαK.Seismic performance indexes on displacement and strain are investigated under three JRA recommended Level 2 Ground TypeПstrong earthquake motions.Design recommendations are suggested following the results of the parametric study. 展开更多
关键词 damage control design shape memory alloy parameter study displacement-based verification strainbased verification time history analysis
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Design of Mechanical Automation Control System Based on Artificial Intelligence 认领 引用
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作者 Zhen Sun 《Journal of Electronic Research and Application》 2025年第3期270-277,共8页
Aiming at the problems of poor adaptability and insufficient fault prediction of traditional mechanical automation control systems in complex working conditions,a mechanical automation control system based on artifici... Aiming at the problems of poor adaptability and insufficient fault prediction of traditional mechanical automation control systems in complex working conditions,a mechanical automation control system based on artificial intelligence is designed.This design integrates expert control,fuzzy control,and neural network control technologies,and builds a hierarchical distributed architecture.Fault warning adopts threshold judgment and dynamic time warping pattern recognition technologies,and state monitoring realizes accurate analysis through multi-source data fusion and Kalman filtering algorithm.Practical applications show that this system can reduce the equipment failure rate by more than 30%.With the help of intelligent scheduling optimization,it can significantly improve production efficiency and reduce energy consumption,providing a reliable technical solution and practical path for the intelligent upgrade of the mechanical automation field. 展开更多
关键词 Artificial intelligence Mechanical automation Control system design Fault warning Intelligent monitoring
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Iterative identification and control design with optimal excitation signals based on v-gap 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 DOU LiQian ZONG Qun +1 位作者 ZHAO ZhanShan JI YueHui 《Science in China(Series F)》 2009年第7期1120-1128,共9页
An iterative identification and control design method based on v-gap is given to ensure the stability of closed-loop system and control performance improvement.The whole iterative procedure includes three parts:the op... An iterative identification and control design method based on v-gap is given to ensure the stability of closed-loop system and control performance improvement.The whole iterative procedure includes three parts:the optimal excitation signals design,the uncertainty model set identification and the stable controller design.Firstly the worst case v-gap is used as the criterion of the optimal excitation signals design,and the design is performed via the power spectrum optimization.And then,an uncertainty model set is attained by system identification on the basis of the measure signals.The controller is designed to ensure the stability of closed-loop system and the closed-loop performance improvement.Simulation result shows that the proposed method has good convergence and closed-loop control performance. 展开更多
关键词 excitation signals design control design iterative identification v-gap
Controllable design of Zn-Ni-P on g-C_3N_4 for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production 认领 引用 被引量：15
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作者 Yanbing Li Zhiliang Jin +1 位作者 Lijun Zhang Kai Fan 《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第3期390-402,共13页
Synthesizing a stable and efficient photocatalyst has been the most important research goal up to now. Owing to the dominant performance of g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride), an ordered assemble of a composite photoca... Synthesizing a stable and efficient photocatalyst has been the most important research goal up to now. Owing to the dominant performance of g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride), an ordered assemble of a composite photocatalyst, Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4, was successfully designed and controllably prepared for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. The electron transport routes were successfully adjusted and the H2 evolution was greatly improved. The maximum amount of H2 evolved reached about 531.2 μmol for 5 h over Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4 photocatalyst with a molar ratio of Zn to Ni of 1:3 under illumination of 5 W LED white light (wavelength 420 nm). The H2 evolution rate was 54.7 times higher than that over pure g-C3N4. Moreover, no obvious reduction in the photocatalytic activity was observed even after 4 cycles of H2 production for 5 h. This synergistically increased effect was confirmed through the results of characterizations such as XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, N2 adsorption, UV-vis DRS, transient photocurrent, FT-IR, transient fluorescence, and Mott-Schottky studies. These studies showed that the Zn-Ni-P nanoparticles modified on g-C3N4 provide more active sites and improve the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation. In addition, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production is proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Zn-Ni-P g-C3N4 H2 production Controllable design Photocatalyst
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Design method of optimal control schedule for the adaptive cycle engine steady-state performance 认领 引用 被引量：12
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作者 Yihao XU Hailong TANG Min CHEN 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第4期148-164,共17页
The alternative working modes and flexible working states are the outstanding features of an adaptive cycle engine, with a proper control schedule design being the only way to exploit the performance of such an engine... The alternative working modes and flexible working states are the outstanding features of an adaptive cycle engine, with a proper control schedule design being the only way to exploit the performance of such an engine. However, unreasonable design in the control schedule causes not only performance deterioration but also serious aerodynamic stability problems. Thus, in this work,a hybrid optimization method that automatically chooses the working modes and identifies the optimal and smooth control schedules is proposed, by combining the differential evolution algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling method. The control schedule architecture does not only optimize the engine steady-state performance under different working modes but also solves the control-schedule discontinuity problem, especially during mode transition. The optimal control schedules are continuous and almost monotonic, and hence are strongly suitable for a control system, and are designed for two different working conditions, i.e., supersonic and subsonic throttling,which proves that the proposed hybrid method applies to various working conditions. The evaluation demonstrates that the proposed control method optimizes the engine performance, the surge margin of the compression components, and the range of the thrust during throttling. 展开更多
关键词 Adaptive cycle engine Control schedule design Hybrid optimization method Mode transition Performance optimization
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Reactive dividing wall column for hydrolysis of methyl acetate:Design and control 认领 引用 被引量：12
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作者 Lumin Li Lanyi Sun +3 位作者 Delian Yang Wang Zhong Yi Zhu Yuanyu Tian 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第10期1360-1368,共9页
Reactive distillation and dividing wall column distillation are two kinds of effective separation technologies,and their integrated configuration,reactive dividing wall column(RDWC),presents attractive advantages.In t... Reactive distillation and dividing wall column distillation are two kinds of effective separation technologies,and their integrated configuration,reactive dividing wall column(RDWC),presents attractive advantages.In this study,the rigorous simulation of RDWC for methyl acetate hydrolysis is performed,and sensitivity analysis is conducted to obtain the minimum reboiler duty.Then a comparison is made between the conventional process and RDWC process,and it shows that 20.1% energy savings can be achieved by RDWC process.In addition,the dynamic characteristic of RDWC is studied and an effective control strategy is proposed.The simple PI control scheme with three temperature loops can obtain reasonable control performance and maintain products at desired purities.It is proved that this RDWC process is an energy efficiency alternative with good controllability. 展开更多
关键词 Reactive dividing wall column Methyl acetate Hydrolysis Design Control
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Optimal design of dynamic and control performance for planar manipulator 认领 引用 被引量：8
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作者 YOU Wei KONG Min-xiu +1 位作者 SUN Li-ning DU Zhi-jiang 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第1期108-116,共9页
A design and optimization approach of dynamic and control performance for a two-DOF planar manipulator was proposed.After the kinematic and dynamic analysis,several advantages of the mechanism were illustrated,which m... A design and optimization approach of dynamic and control performance for a two-DOF planar manipulator was proposed.After the kinematic and dynamic analysis,several advantages of the mechanism were illustrated,which made it possible to obtain good dynamic and control performances just through mechanism optimization.Based on the idea of design for control(DFC),a novel kind of multi-objective optimization model was proposed.There were three optimization objectives:the index of inertia,the index describing the dynamic coupling effects and the global condition number.Other indexes to characterize the designing requirements such as the velocity of end-effector,the workspace size,and the first mode natural frequency were regarded as the constraints.The cross-section area and length of the linkages were chosen as the design variables.NSGA-II algorithm was introduced to solve this complex multi-objective optimization problem.Additional criteria from engineering experience were incorporated into the selecting of final parameters among the obtained Pareto solution sets.Finally,experiments were performed to validate the linear dynamic structure and control performances of the optimized mechanisms.A new expression for measuring the dynamic coupling degree with clear physical meaning was proposed.The results show that the optimized mechanism has an approximate decoupled dynamics structure,and each active joint can be regarded as a linear SISO system.The control performances of the linear and nonlinear controllers were also compared.It can be concluded that the optimized mechanism can achieve good control performance only using a linear controller. 展开更多
关键词 mechanism optimization dynamic optimization design for control multi-objective optimization
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Randomized Algorithms for Probabilistic Optimal Robust Performance Controller Design 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 宋春雷 谢玲 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2004年第1期15-19,共5页
Polynomial-time randomized algorithms were constructed to approximately solve optimal robust performance controller design problems in probabilistic sense and the rigorous mathematical justification of the approach wa... Polynomial-time randomized algorithms were constructed to approximately solve optimal robust performance controller design problems in probabilistic sense and the rigorous mathematical justification of the approach was given. The randomized algorithms here were based on a property from statistical learning theory known as (uniform) convergence of empirical means (UCEM). It is argued that in order to assess the performance of a controller as the plant varies over a pre-specified family, it is better to use the average performance of the controller as the objective function to be optimized, rather than its worst-case performance. The approach is illustrated to be efficient through an example. 展开更多
关键词 randomized algorithms statistical learning theory uniform convergence of empirical means (UCEM) probabilistic optimal robust performance controller design
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Design of controlled elastic and inelastic structures 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 A.M.Reinhorn O.Lavan G.P.Cimellaro 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI 2009年第4期469-479,共11页
One of the founders of structural control theory and its application in civil engineering, Professor Emeritus Tsu T. Soong, envisioned the development of the integral design of structures protected by active control d... One of the founders of structural control theory and its application in civil engineering, Professor Emeritus Tsu T. Soong, envisioned the development of the integral design of structures protected by active control devices. Most of his disciples and colleagues continuously attempted to develop procedures to achieve such integral control. In his recent papers published jointly with some of the authors of this paper, Professor Soong developed design procedures for the entire structure using a design - redesign procedure applied to elastic systems. Such a procedure was developed as an extension of other work by his disciples. This paper summarizes some recent techniques that use traditional active control algorithms to derive the most suitable （optimal, stable） control force, which could then be implemented with a combination of active, passive and semi-active devices through a simple match or more sophisticated optimal procedures. Alternative design can address the behavior of structures using Liapunov stability criteria. This paper shows a unified procedure which can be applied to both elastic and inelastic structures. Although the implementation does not always preserve the optimal criteria, it is shown that the solutions are effective and practical for design of supplemental damping, stiffness enhancement or softening, and strengthening or weakening. 展开更多
关键词 active control integral control design redesign procedure inelastic structures viscoelastic braces
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Controller design of uncertain nonlinear systems based on T-S fuzzy model 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Songtao ZHANG Shizhen BAI 《控制理论与应用（英文版）》 2009年第2期139-143,共5页
A robust control for uncertain nonlinear systems based on T-S fuzzy model is discussed in this paper. First, a T-S fuzzy system is adopted to model the uncertain nonlinear systems. Then, for the system with input vari... A robust control for uncertain nonlinear systems based on T-S fuzzy model is discussed in this paper. First, a T-S fuzzy system is adopted to model the uncertain nonlinear systems. Then, for the system with input variables adopting standard fuzzy partitions, the efficient maximal overlapped-rules group （EMORG） is presented, and a new sufficient condition to check the stability of T-S fuzzy system with uncertainty is derived, which is expressed in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities. The derived stability condition, which only requires a local common positive definite matrix in each EMORG, can reduce the conservatism and difficulty in existing stability conditions. Finally, a simulation example shows the proposed approach is effective. 展开更多
关键词 Controller design Uncertain nonlinear systems T-S fuzzy model
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Design and control of a p-xylene oxidation process 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 陶莉莉 胡志华 钱锋 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第12期1935-1944,共10页
The p-xylene(PX) oxidation process is of great industrial importance because of the strong demand of the global polyester fiber.A steady-state model of the PX oxidation has been studied by many researchers.In our prev... The p-xylene(PX) oxidation process is of great industrial importance because of the strong demand of the global polyester fiber.A steady-state model of the PX oxidation has been studied by many researchers.In our previous work,a novel industrial p-xylene oxidation reactor model using the free radical mechanism based kinetics has been developed.However,the disturbances such as production rate change,feed composition variability and reactor temperature changes widely exist in the industry process.In this paper,dynamic simulation of the PX oxidation reactor was designed by Aspen Dynamics and used to develop an effective plantwide control structure,which was capable of effectively handling the disturbances in the load and the temperature of the reactor.Step responses of the control structure to the disturbances were shown and served as the foundation of the smooth operation and advanced control strategy of this process in our future work. 展开更多
关键词 p-Xylene oxidation Dynamic simulation Aspen Dynamics Process design and control
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Temperature effects of shape memory alloys(SMAs)in damage control design of steel portal frames 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Xiaoqun LUO Hanbin GE Tsutomu USAMI 《Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering》 2012年第4期348-357,共10页
The objective of the present study is to analytically investigate temperature effects of an axial-type seismic damper made of shape memory alloys(SMAs)equipped in steel frames.Based on a modified multilinear one dimen... The objective of the present study is to analytically investigate temperature effects of an axial-type seismic damper made of shape memory alloys(SMAs)equipped in steel frames.Based on a modified multilinear one dimensional constitutive model of SMAs,two types of SMAs are employed,which have different stress plateau and different stress growth rate with temperature increase.Temperature effects of SMA dampers on seismic performance upgrading are discussed in three aspects:different environment temperatures;rapid loading rate induced heat generation and different SMA fractions.The analysis indicates that the effect of environment temperature should be considered for the SMA damper in steel frames.However,the rapid loading rate induced heat generation has little adverse effect. 展开更多
关键词 damage control design shape memory alloy temperature effect
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Design approaches for active,semi-active and passive control systems based on analysis of characteristics of active control force 认领 引用 被引量：8
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作者 Ou Jinping Li Hui 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI 2009年第4期493-506,共14页
In this paper, the characteristics of forces in active control systems connected to adjacent levels of a building are analyzed. The following characteristics are observed： （1） active control can provide significant... In this paper, the characteristics of forces in active control systems connected to adjacent levels of a building are analyzed. The following characteristics are observed： （1） active control can provide significantly superior supplemental damping to a building, but causes a small frequency shift; （2） the linear quadratic regulator （LQR）-based control force is composed of an elastic restoring force component and a damping force component, where the damping force is almost identical to the total control force, however, the elastic restoring force is very small; and （3） the active control forces prevent mction most of the time during the entire control process. These three characteristics imply that active control systems connected to adjacent levels of a building behave like passive damping devices with adjustable parameters, namely damping characteristics in an active control, which is the mechanism used by semi-active control devices to reach similar performance as active control systems. Two indices are defined to quantify the damping characteristics of control forces in active control systems. These two indices can also be used to quantify the capacity of semi-active control to achieve the perfonrlance of active control. Based on the above observations, two principles are founded for optimization of parameters of semi-active control devices and passive dampers. The first is that the maximum output force of a semi-active or passive device to be designed is identical to an active device, called ＂design principle＂. The other is the response equivalent principle, which states that the response of a building with semi-active or passive devices is the same as with active devices when the same maximum output force is applied. The design procedure for semi-active control devices and passive dampers is described in detail. Finally, numerical simulations of two benchmark problems is conducted to demonstrate the damping characteristics of active control and investigate the capacity of semi-active control to achieve the same performance as active control. 展开更多
关键词 active control： semi-active control smart control damping design approach
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