On July 2nd,2025,32 scientists representing 15 countries gathered at Tartu,Estonia to make on-site endorsements for the Global ONCE(Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions)Program at the 12th INTECOL Wetlands Conference.Th...On July 2nd,2025,32 scientists representing 15 countries gathered at Tartu,Estonia to make on-site endorsements for the Global ONCE(Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions)Program at the 12th INTECOL Wetlands Conference.This marks a significant milestone for ONCE in establishing a systematic framework for coastal wetland carbon sequestration research and global collaboration(Figs.1,2).Coastal wetlands are critical transition zones linking terrestrial and marine ecosystems,yet they face severe degradation from anthropogenic land-based activities and sea level rise that propagate impacts to the ocean.As a UN Ocean Decade Program,the Global ONCE Program champions interdisciplinary and cross-regional collaboration to enhance carbon sequestration in the ocean and coastal wetlands through science and innovation.Aligned with the Tartu Declaration on Wetlands that includes resolutions to promote the rights of global wetlands(especially peatlands)and advance the discipline of wetland science based on facts,this initiative addresses key knowledge gaps in land-ocean interactions.The goal is to harness the full potential of coastal wetlands and ocean systems for climate mitigation,thereby laying a scientific foundation for international policy formulation and implementation.展开更多
From December 13 to 17, 2025, the 2025 Training Program for Future Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) Diplomats themed “Embarking on a New Golden Decade:Fostering a Sense of the Lancang-Mekong Family” was held in Haik...From December 13 to 17, 2025, the 2025 Training Program for Future Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) Diplomats themed “Embarking on a New Golden Decade:Fostering a Sense of the Lancang-Mekong Family” was held in Haikou,south China’s Hainan Province. The program was conducted under the guidance of the Research Center on Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and jointly organized by China Foreign Affairs University and China Institute for Reform and Development. The event brought together over 80 outstanding participants from the Lancang-Mekong countries to draft an initiative to submit to the LMC China Secretariat.展开更多
In August 2024,the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 78/321 to declare the period from 2025 to 2034 as the“Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences”.This action was championed by the Republic of Fr...In August 2024,the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 78/321 to declare the period from 2025 to 2034 as the“Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences”.This action was championed by the Republic of France and the Republic of Tajikistan,with support from over 30 member states,underscoring the urgent need for an international scientific collaboration to mitigate the far-reaching effects of cryospheric changes on ecosystems,water security,and global climate stability.A dedicated brainstorming session during the March 2025 celebrations in Paris convened over 1,000 policymakers,scientists,and stakeholders to outline the priorities for the Decade of Action.The session aimed to foster cross-border partnerships and strengthen the integration of cryospheric science into global climate adaptation strategies.Joint task force teams developed an integrated governance framework through discussions across five domains—scientific research,socioeconomic impacts,education,policy advocacy,and finance.The Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences represents a critical shift from observation to intervention,mobilizing global stakeholders to translate scientific consensus into concrete measures against cryosphere decline.The initiative responds to urgent calls from UNESCO and international partners for coordinated action on cryosphere preservation.展开更多
In the past decade we witnessed a revolutionary development of wheat genomics and functional genomics, thanks to the development of next generation sequencing (NSG) technology.Wheat, as one of the most important crops...In the past decade we witnessed a revolutionary development of wheat genomics and functional genomics, thanks to the development of next generation sequencing (NSG) technology.Wheat, as one of the most important crops in China and the world and with a huge, repetitive, and polyploid genome,was unconquerable in the past and is now catching up with other crops due to the availability of an increasing number of resources and platforms.Wheat researchers in China have worked unostentatiously during the last decade after The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China first set up the wheat functional genomics program in 2005. Since then many papers on wheat were published in a wide range of international journals demonstrating significant progress in wheat functional genomics.展开更多
China's complex and twisted journey of SOE reform over the past four decades is an unprecedented transformation in its history and is at the center stage of its economic reforms. Over the past four decades, SOEs tran...China's complex and twisted journey of SOE reform over the past four decades is an unprecedented transformation in its history and is at the center stage of its economic reforms. Over the past four decades, SOEs transitioned from being affiliates of a planned economy to "new SOEs" as modern enterprises under the market economic system. This journey can be roughly divided into the following four stages: the reform to expand SOE autonomy during 1978-1993, the reform to create a modern enterprise system during 1993- 2003, the reform to create a new system for the administration of state assets during 2003- 2013, and the new era of classified SOE reform since 2013. After the four stages, China's SOE reform has made tremendous achievements, particularly since the 18th CPC National Congress. V~th policy readiness for SOE reform in the new era, reform should be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic manner for different types of SOEs in the future.展开更多
Over the past four decades of reform and opening-up, China has basically eradicated hunger and lifted over 700 million rural people out of poverty. China's poverty incidence has dropped to about 3%. These achievem...Over the past four decades of reform and opening-up, China has basically eradicated hunger and lifted over 700 million rural people out of poverty. China's poverty incidence has dropped to about 3%. These achievements can be attributed to the following factors: First, farmers have regained their economic freedom that was lost in the planned economy era. Second, China's top decision-makers have followed people's will by transitioning into the market economy and thus achieved rapid economic growth. Third,the government has continuously enhanced infrastructure and human capital investments,and implemented a social protection system in rural and urban areas nationwide. Fourth,integrated poverty reduction measures have been carried out to assist poor people in disadvantaged regions and those with poor capabilities. Given the diminishing poverty reduction effect of pro-poor fiscal funds, it is necessary to avoid direct administrative interventions in the operational decision-making of poor households and broaden institutional space for rural cooperative economy. Meanwhile, China should remove inequalities in the rights between the urban and rural households, facilitate the labor migration of the poor, and promote the urbanization of rural people.展开更多
The International Conference for the Decade Memory of the Wenchuan Earthquake and the 4th International Conference on Continental Earthquake will be held by China Earthquake Administration in Chengdu,Sichuan,China,on ...The International Conference for the Decade Memory of the Wenchuan Earthquake and the 4th International Conference on Continental Earthquake will be held by China Earthquake Administration in Chengdu,Sichuan,China,on May 12-14,2018.On May 12,2008(Monday),at 14:08:04(Beijing time),an magnitude 8.0 earthquake occured in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province,China.According to the data from China Earthquake Administration,the magnitude of the earthquake reached M S8.0 and the seismic intensity reachedⅪ.The earthquake affected more than half of China and many Asian countries and regions and felt in Liaoning to the north,Shanghai to the east,Hong Kong,Macao,Thailand,Vietnam to the south,and Pakistan to the west.The severely hit area of the May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake exceeded 100,000km 2,including 10 counties(cities)in the most severely hit area,41 counties(cities)in the fairly severely hit area and 186 counties(cities)in the general quake-hit area.展开更多
The year of 2018 marks China’s 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up. Coincidently, this year is also the 40th anniversary of Genetics Society of China (GSC), one of the largest academic organizations in Chin...The year of 2018 marks China’s 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up. Coincidently, this year is also the 40th anniversary of Genetics Society of China (GSC), one of the largest academic organizations in China. In October of 1978, GSC was formally established in Nanjing, ushering a new era of genetics research in China, and its mission is to promote genetics research and education.Genetics focuses on the study of genes, genetic variations, and heredity in living organisms. It has permeated every field of展开更多
Over the past decade,nine separate gene therapy clinical trials for advanced Parkinson’s disease(PD)have been launched and completed,involving the dosing of nearly 12-dozen PD volunteers who incurred significant ri...Over the past decade,nine separate gene therapy clinical trials for advanced Parkinson’s disease(PD)have been launched and completed,involving the dosing of nearly 12-dozen PD volunteers who incurred significant risks to hopefully reduce symptoms and gain a better life.展开更多
Based on the study of the cold phase of the Pacific Decade Oscillation, pandemic influenza is related to climate. The relation of low temperature, Pacific Decade Oscillation, strongest earthquake, Influenza, hurricane...Based on the study of the cold phase of the Pacific Decade Oscillation, pandemic influenza is related to climate. The relation of low temperature, Pacific Decade Oscillation, strongest earthquake, Influenza, hurricane and E1 Nino is researched in this study. In the cold period of Pacific Decade Oscillation, the strongest earthquake, hurricane with La Ni'na, Pandemic Influenza with E1 Nino will occur stronger and stronger. From 1950 to 1976, the strongest dust-storm is connected with Pandemic Influenza one by one. So, dust-storm is one of factors to spread pandemic influenza viruses.展开更多
Observed hiatus or accelerated warming phenomena are compared with numerical simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) archives,and the associated physical mechanisms are explored ba...Observed hiatus or accelerated warming phenomena are compared with numerical simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) archives,and the associated physical mechanisms are explored based on the CMIP5 models.Decadal trends in total ocean heat content (OHC) are strongly constrained by net top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation.During hiatus decades,most CMIP5 models exhibit a significant decrease in the SST and upper OHC and a significant increase of heat penetrating into the subsurface or deep ocean,opposite to the accelerated warming decades.The shallow meridional overturning of the Pacific subtropical cell experiences a significant strengthening (slowdown) for the hiatus (accelerated warming) decades associated with the strengthened (weakened) trade winds over the tropical Pacific.Both surface heating and ocean dynamics contribute to the decadal changes in SST over the Indian Ocean,and the Indonesian Throughflow has a close relationship with the changes of subsurface temperature in the Indian Ocean.The Atlantic Meridional Overturing Circulation (Antarctic Bottom Water) tends to weaken (strengthen) during hiatus decades,opposite to the accelerated warming decades.In short,the results highlight the important roles of air-sea interactions and ocean circulations for modulation of surface and subsurface temperature.展开更多
Previous studies have suggested a poleward shift of the zonally averaged jet stream due to rapid warming over continents.However,the regional characteristics of the change in the jet stream are not yet understood.Here...Previous studies have suggested a poleward shift of the zonally averaged jet stream due to rapid warming over continents.However,the regional characteristics of the change in the jet stream are not yet understood.Here,we present evidence suggesting that the East Asian westerly jet did not shift poleward in past decades(1980-2004 relative to 1958-1979),both in winter and summer.Rather,the jet axis has moved southward in summer,but its meridional position is steady in winter.The main change of the jet stream in winter is the enhancement of its intensity.These changes in both summer and winter are consistent with the corresponding changes in the large meridional tropospheric temperature-gradient zone.Based on these results,we suggest that the changes of the jet stream over East Asia are unique and are different from the zonal mean jet stream over the Northern Hemisphere and over the North Atlantic region.展开更多
Using a homogenized daily maximum temperature(Tmax)dataset across China,this study characterized the spatiotemporal variation of the onset date of extreme hot days in a year(i.e.,FirstEHD)during 1960-2018.Inhomogen...Using a homogenized daily maximum temperature(Tmax)dataset across China,this study characterized the spatiotemporal variation of the onset date of extreme hot days in a year(i.e.,FirstEHD)during 1960-2018.Inhomogeneous trends of FirstEHD over China during 1960-2018 can be found,with the advanced trend of FirstEHD over most parts in China,while a number of stations in North-Central China(NC)show the delayed trend of FirstEHD.Moreover,there exist interdecadal changes of FirstEHD trend,with a remarkable difference in the trend magnitude before and after the 1990s over South China(SC),and the sign of trend can even reverse from negative to positive after the 1990s in Xinjiang(XJ)and Yangtze River Basin(YR),and from positive to negative in NC.The overall trends of FirstEHD over NC,YR,and XJ during 1960-2018 are dominated by the trends before the 1990s,while they are dominated by the sharp advance after the 1990s over SC.It is further found that the trend of FirstEHD can generally be explained by the long-term trend in Tmax over most parts of China,but the contribution from Tmax variabilities is also non-negligible and can even account for more than 75% of the overall trend over NC.The possible factors responsible for the decadal changes in FirstEHD trends are also discussed.展开更多
What lies ahead for China,difficulties or perhaps another three decades of glory? To address this question,a special event was held at Chongqing Technology and Business University:Symposium on Theories on and Reality ...What lies ahead for China,difficulties or perhaps another three decades of glory? To address this question,a special event was held at Chongqing Technology and Business University:Symposium on Theories on and Reality of China’s 30 Years of Enterprise Reform and Development,annual meeting of the Chinese Institute of Business Administration for 2008. At the foot of a mountain just south of Chongqing,150 delegates in the field of economic research gathered for discussions on pains and gains of the 30 years of reform. Leading economists at the event included Chen Jiagui,vice president of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS),Zhang Guoyou,vice president of Peking University,and Jin Bei,deputy director of CASS’s Institute of Industrial Economics (IIE). The symposium was jointly sponsored by the Chinese Institute of Business Administration,Jiang Yiwei Academic Foundation for Enterprise Reform and Development,Chongqing Technology and Business University,and CASS Management Science Research Institute. The following is a group of articles written by staff reporters of the China Economist (CE).展开更多
China's grain production cost has risen constantly since 2003. This paper starts from the grain production cost changes of unit area and unit quality,to analyze the reasons for China's grain production cost ch...China's grain production cost has risen constantly since 2003. This paper starts from the grain production cost changes of unit area and unit quality,to analyze the reasons for China's grain production cost change in the last decade. It points out that the direct cause of changes in grain production cost is the steady growth of material and services costs,the fastest growth of labor costs and fast growth of land costs. The indirect cause of grain production high cost is the low efficiency in numerous and dispersive farmer production management,obviously insufficient agricultural infrastructure construction,waste phenomenon grain in production process and low contribution rate of agricultural technology.On this basis,it is recommended to reduce China's grain production cost and improve grain production conditions.展开更多
Objective: Aim of this study was to investigate the changes in body composition and some biochemical parameters of women at different age and body mass index (BMI) groups and to evaluate their relations with to cardio...Objective: Aim of this study was to investigate the changes in body composition and some biochemical parameters of women at different age and body mass index (BMI) groups and to evaluate their relations with to cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: The study was created by retrospective research of the file records of total 800 women who got into nutritional counseling between 2002 - 2007 years at Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty. Participants were grouped as 10 - 19, 20 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, ≥60 years according to ages and were divided into 4 groups as normal, overweight, obese and morbidly obese according to body mass index. Data were statistically analysed in SPSS for Windows computer program with ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Findings: There are significant differences between different age groups in weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, percentage of body water, fat and fat-free mass, basal metabolic rate and blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL levels and HOMA-IR values. HOMA-IR values were the highest at age group 1 and the lowest at age group 2. Although they were in the same BMI group;their waist circumference, basal metabolic rate and percent of body fat showed significant increases with advancing age. Conclusion: The findings of our study show that it will be useful to use standard values generated for each age group according to BMI levels in predicting increased cardiovascular and metabolic risks together with advancing age. While the lowest rate of obesity according to body fat percent (>30%) was found at the ages in between 20 - 29 (58.4%), it is noteworthy that the obesity rate with respect to their body fat percent has been noticed at the ages of 10 to 19 (2.3%). Comparing with the other groups, significantly higher body heights found at the ages in between 10 - 19, could possibly predicate that the new generations are having better nutrition and overhaul. On the other hand, it was known that as a result of eating bugs and/or over-nutrition, besides insertion of inactive life style, children have become more sensitive to obesity and related health problems. As seen in our study, the healthiest values are at the ages in between 20 - 29, the results were commentated as the women at those ages are showing more interest in their physical appearance and their health. In accordance with our study’s data, in order to cope with obesity and related illnesses, which are having an importance in public health, we concluded that generalizing continuous and effective trainings on nutrition concerning families even the educators starting from the childhood, can be usefull.展开更多
The year 1978 was destined to be an extraordinary year in contemporary Chinese history,which witnessed the convening of the grd Plenary Session of the iuth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the adoptio...The year 1978 was destined to be an extraordinary year in contemporary Chinese history,which witnessed the convening of the grd Plenary Session of the iuth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the adoption of reform and opening up policy and setting of new journey of China's diplomacy.展开更多
摘要On July 2nd,2025,32 scientists representing 15 countries gathered at Tartu,Estonia to make on-site endorsements for the Global ONCE(Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions)Program at the 12th INTECOL Wetlands Conference.This marks a significant milestone for ONCE in establishing a systematic framework for coastal wetland carbon sequestration research and global collaboration(Figs.1,2).Coastal wetlands are critical transition zones linking terrestrial and marine ecosystems,yet they face severe degradation from anthropogenic land-based activities and sea level rise that propagate impacts to the ocean.As a UN Ocean Decade Program,the Global ONCE Program champions interdisciplinary and cross-regional collaboration to enhance carbon sequestration in the ocean and coastal wetlands through science and innovation.Aligned with the Tartu Declaration on Wetlands that includes resolutions to promote the rights of global wetlands(especially peatlands)and advance the discipline of wetland science based on facts,this initiative addresses key knowledge gaps in land-ocean interactions.The goal is to harness the full potential of coastal wetlands and ocean systems for climate mitigation,thereby laying a scientific foundation for international policy formulation and implementation.
摘要From December 13 to 17, 2025, the 2025 Training Program for Future Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) Diplomats themed “Embarking on a New Golden Decade:Fostering a Sense of the Lancang-Mekong Family” was held in Haikou,south China’s Hainan Province. The program was conducted under the guidance of the Research Center on Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and jointly organized by China Foreign Affairs University and China Institute for Reform and Development. The event brought together over 80 outstanding participants from the Lancang-Mekong countries to draft an initiative to submit to the LMC China Secretariat.
基金support from USA NSF Grant OPP2213875NASA Grant 80NSSC22K1707.
摘要In August 2024,the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 78/321 to declare the period from 2025 to 2034 as the“Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences”.This action was championed by the Republic of France and the Republic of Tajikistan,with support from over 30 member states,underscoring the urgent need for an international scientific collaboration to mitigate the far-reaching effects of cryospheric changes on ecosystems,water security,and global climate stability.A dedicated brainstorming session during the March 2025 celebrations in Paris convened over 1,000 policymakers,scientists,and stakeholders to outline the priorities for the Decade of Action.The session aimed to foster cross-border partnerships and strengthen the integration of cryospheric science into global climate adaptation strategies.Joint task force teams developed an integrated governance framework through discussions across five domains—scientific research,socioeconomic impacts,education,policy advocacy,and finance.The Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences represents a critical shift from observation to intervention,mobilizing global stakeholders to translate scientific consensus into concrete measures against cryosphere decline.The initiative responds to urgent calls from UNESCO and international partners for coordinated action on cryosphere preservation.
基金supported partly by the National Key R&D Program for Crop Breeding of China to L.M. (No. 2016YFD0101004)
摘要In the past decade we witnessed a revolutionary development of wheat genomics and functional genomics, thanks to the development of next generation sequencing (NSG) technology.Wheat, as one of the most important crops in China and the world and with a huge, repetitive, and polyploid genome,was unconquerable in the past and is now catching up with other crops due to the availability of an increasing number of resources and platforms.Wheat researchers in China have worked unostentatiously during the last decade after The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China first set up the wheat functional genomics program in 2005. Since then many papers on wheat were published in a wide range of international journals demonstrating significant progress in wheat functional genomics.
基金' From the two dimensions of modem property ownership system and market-based management system, 'haew SOEs" can be defined as SOEs with modem property ownership systems (characterized by equity diversification and standard corporate governance) and market-based management system (characterized by independent operation, decision-making and management). See "Pre 'hminary Study on New SOEs Phenomenon", China Industrial Economics, Vol.6 2005 by Jin Bei and Huang Qunhui.
摘要China's complex and twisted journey of SOE reform over the past four decades is an unprecedented transformation in its history and is at the center stage of its economic reforms. Over the past four decades, SOEs transitioned from being affiliates of a planned economy to "new SOEs" as modern enterprises under the market economic system. This journey can be roughly divided into the following four stages: the reform to expand SOE autonomy during 1978-1993, the reform to create a modern enterprise system during 1993- 2003, the reform to create a new system for the administration of state assets during 2003- 2013, and the new era of classified SOE reform since 2013. After the four stages, China's SOE reform has made tremendous achievements, particularly since the 18th CPC National Congress. V~th policy readiness for SOE reform in the new era, reform should be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic manner for different types of SOEs in the future.
摘要Over the past four decades of reform and opening-up, China has basically eradicated hunger and lifted over 700 million rural people out of poverty. China's poverty incidence has dropped to about 3%. These achievements can be attributed to the following factors: First, farmers have regained their economic freedom that was lost in the planned economy era. Second, China's top decision-makers have followed people's will by transitioning into the market economy and thus achieved rapid economic growth. Third,the government has continuously enhanced infrastructure and human capital investments,and implemented a social protection system in rural and urban areas nationwide. Fourth,integrated poverty reduction measures have been carried out to assist poor people in disadvantaged regions and those with poor capabilities. Given the diminishing poverty reduction effect of pro-poor fiscal funds, it is necessary to avoid direct administrative interventions in the operational decision-making of poor households and broaden institutional space for rural cooperative economy. Meanwhile, China should remove inequalities in the rights between the urban and rural households, facilitate the labor migration of the poor, and promote the urbanization of rural people.
摘要The International Conference for the Decade Memory of the Wenchuan Earthquake and the 4th International Conference on Continental Earthquake will be held by China Earthquake Administration in Chengdu,Sichuan,China,on May 12-14,2018.On May 12,2008(Monday),at 14:08:04(Beijing time),an magnitude 8.0 earthquake occured in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province,China.According to the data from China Earthquake Administration,the magnitude of the earthquake reached M S8.0 and the seismic intensity reachedⅪ.The earthquake affected more than half of China and many Asian countries and regions and felt in Liaoning to the north,Shanghai to the east,Hong Kong,Macao,Thailand,Vietnam to the south,and Pakistan to the west.The severely hit area of the May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake exceeded 100,000km 2,including 10 counties(cities)in the most severely hit area,41 counties(cities)in the fairly severely hit area and 186 counties(cities)in the general quake-hit area.
摘要The year of 2018 marks China’s 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up. Coincidently, this year is also the 40th anniversary of Genetics Society of China (GSC), one of the largest academic organizations in China. In October of 1978, GSC was formally established in Nanjing, ushering a new era of genetics research in China, and its mission is to promote genetics research and education.Genetics focuses on the study of genes, genetic variations, and heredity in living organisms. It has permeated every field of
摘要Over the past decade,nine separate gene therapy clinical trials for advanced Parkinson’s disease(PD)have been launched and completed,involving the dosing of nearly 12-dozen PD volunteers who incurred significant risks to hopefully reduce symptoms and gain a better life.
摘要Based on the study of the cold phase of the Pacific Decade Oscillation, pandemic influenza is related to climate. The relation of low temperature, Pacific Decade Oscillation, strongest earthquake, Influenza, hurricane and E1 Nino is researched in this study. In the cold period of Pacific Decade Oscillation, the strongest earthquake, hurricane with La Ni'na, Pandemic Influenza with E1 Nino will occur stronger and stronger. From 1950 to 1976, the strongest dust-storm is connected with Pandemic Influenza one by one. So, dust-storm is one of factors to spread pandemic influenza viruses.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant No.2010CB950502)the "Strategic Priority Research Program Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDA05110302)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41376019)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change
摘要Observed hiatus or accelerated warming phenomena are compared with numerical simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) archives,and the associated physical mechanisms are explored based on the CMIP5 models.Decadal trends in total ocean heat content (OHC) are strongly constrained by net top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation.During hiatus decades,most CMIP5 models exhibit a significant decrease in the SST and upper OHC and a significant increase of heat penetrating into the subsurface or deep ocean,opposite to the accelerated warming decades.The shallow meridional overturning of the Pacific subtropical cell experiences a significant strengthening (slowdown) for the hiatus (accelerated warming) decades associated with the strengthened (weakened) trade winds over the tropical Pacific.Both surface heating and ocean dynamics contribute to the decadal changes in SST over the Indian Ocean,and the Indonesian Throughflow has a close relationship with the changes of subsurface temperature in the Indian Ocean.The Atlantic Meridional Overturing Circulation (Antarctic Bottom Water) tends to weaken (strengthen) during hiatus decades,opposite to the accelerated warming decades.In short,the results highlight the important roles of air-sea interactions and ocean circulations for modulation of surface and subsurface temperature.
基金provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No41130963)+1 种基金Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No.20100091110003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.1184020702 and 1107020730)
摘要Previous studies have suggested a poleward shift of the zonally averaged jet stream due to rapid warming over continents.However,the regional characteristics of the change in the jet stream are not yet understood.Here,we present evidence suggesting that the East Asian westerly jet did not shift poleward in past decades(1980-2004 relative to 1958-1979),both in winter and summer.Rather,the jet axis has moved southward in summer,but its meridional position is steady in winter.The main change of the jet stream in winter is the enhancement of its intensity.These changes in both summer and winter are consistent with the corresponding changes in the large meridional tropospheric temperature-gradient zone.Based on these results,we suggest that the changes of the jet stream over East Asia are unique and are different from the zonal mean jet stream over the Northern Hemisphere and over the North Atlantic region.
基金funded by the National Key Research and De-velopment Program of China[Grant number 2017YFA0604304]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number 41661144032].
摘要Using a homogenized daily maximum temperature(Tmax)dataset across China,this study characterized the spatiotemporal variation of the onset date of extreme hot days in a year(i.e.,FirstEHD)during 1960-2018.Inhomogeneous trends of FirstEHD over China during 1960-2018 can be found,with the advanced trend of FirstEHD over most parts in China,while a number of stations in North-Central China(NC)show the delayed trend of FirstEHD.Moreover,there exist interdecadal changes of FirstEHD trend,with a remarkable difference in the trend magnitude before and after the 1990s over South China(SC),and the sign of trend can even reverse from negative to positive after the 1990s in Xinjiang(XJ)and Yangtze River Basin(YR),and from positive to negative in NC.The overall trends of FirstEHD over NC,YR,and XJ during 1960-2018 are dominated by the trends before the 1990s,while they are dominated by the sharp advance after the 1990s over SC.It is further found that the trend of FirstEHD can generally be explained by the long-term trend in Tmax over most parts of China,but the contribution from Tmax variabilities is also non-negligible and can even account for more than 75% of the overall trend over NC.The possible factors responsible for the decadal changes in FirstEHD trends are also discussed.
摘要What lies ahead for China,difficulties or perhaps another three decades of glory? To address this question,a special event was held at Chongqing Technology and Business University:Symposium on Theories on and Reality of China’s 30 Years of Enterprise Reform and Development,annual meeting of the Chinese Institute of Business Administration for 2008. At the foot of a mountain just south of Chongqing,150 delegates in the field of economic research gathered for discussions on pains and gains of the 30 years of reform. Leading economists at the event included Chen Jiagui,vice president of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS),Zhang Guoyou,vice president of Peking University,and Jin Bei,deputy director of CASS’s Institute of Industrial Economics (IIE). The symposium was jointly sponsored by the Chinese Institute of Business Administration,Jiang Yiwei Academic Foundation for Enterprise Reform and Development,Chongqing Technology and Business University,and CASS Management Science Research Institute. The following is a group of articles written by staff reporters of the China Economist (CE).
基金Supported by The Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund,the Ministry of Education(10YJAZH088)Humanities and Social Sciences General Project,Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(20142404)
摘要China's grain production cost has risen constantly since 2003. This paper starts from the grain production cost changes of unit area and unit quality,to analyze the reasons for China's grain production cost change in the last decade. It points out that the direct cause of changes in grain production cost is the steady growth of material and services costs,the fastest growth of labor costs and fast growth of land costs. The indirect cause of grain production high cost is the low efficiency in numerous and dispersive farmer production management,obviously insufficient agricultural infrastructure construction,waste phenomenon grain in production process and low contribution rate of agricultural technology.On this basis,it is recommended to reduce China's grain production cost and improve grain production conditions.
摘要Objective: Aim of this study was to investigate the changes in body composition and some biochemical parameters of women at different age and body mass index (BMI) groups and to evaluate their relations with to cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: The study was created by retrospective research of the file records of total 800 women who got into nutritional counseling between 2002 - 2007 years at Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty. Participants were grouped as 10 - 19, 20 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, ≥60 years according to ages and were divided into 4 groups as normal, overweight, obese and morbidly obese according to body mass index. Data were statistically analysed in SPSS for Windows computer program with ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Findings: There are significant differences between different age groups in weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, percentage of body water, fat and fat-free mass, basal metabolic rate and blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL levels and HOMA-IR values. HOMA-IR values were the highest at age group 1 and the lowest at age group 2. Although they were in the same BMI group;their waist circumference, basal metabolic rate and percent of body fat showed significant increases with advancing age. Conclusion: The findings of our study show that it will be useful to use standard values generated for each age group according to BMI levels in predicting increased cardiovascular and metabolic risks together with advancing age. While the lowest rate of obesity according to body fat percent (>30%) was found at the ages in between 20 - 29 (58.4%), it is noteworthy that the obesity rate with respect to their body fat percent has been noticed at the ages of 10 to 19 (2.3%). Comparing with the other groups, significantly higher body heights found at the ages in between 10 - 19, could possibly predicate that the new generations are having better nutrition and overhaul. On the other hand, it was known that as a result of eating bugs and/or over-nutrition, besides insertion of inactive life style, children have become more sensitive to obesity and related health problems. As seen in our study, the healthiest values are at the ages in between 20 - 29, the results were commentated as the women at those ages are showing more interest in their physical appearance and their health. In accordance with our study’s data, in order to cope with obesity and related illnesses, which are having an importance in public health, we concluded that generalizing continuous and effective trainings on nutrition concerning families even the educators starting from the childhood, can be usefull.
摘要The year 1978 was destined to be an extraordinary year in contemporary Chinese history,which witnessed the convening of the grd Plenary Session of the iuth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the adoption of reform and opening up policy and setting of new journey of China's diplomacy.