Link failures are a critical issue that disrupts consistent communications in the fast-evolving Internet-of-Vehicles(IoV)environment.In response to the aforementioned limitation,we introduce the rapid discovery algori...Link failures are a critical issue that disrupts consistent communications in the fast-evolving Internet-of-Vehicles(IoV)environment.In response to the aforementioned limitation,we introduce the rapid discovery algorithm for routes(RADAR),a novel scheme designed for rapid route discovery in the event of abrupt link failures or topological changes.Built on a heuristic Theta*algorithm,RADAR operates within a three-layered Software-Defined Networking(SDN)architecture to ensure seamless communications.The first layer collects vital vehicle information,including location,speed,direction,and vehicle ID.The second layer uses an SDN edge controller to carry out local and intra-zone path discovery with the T heta*heuristic algorithm.The third layer introduces a global controller that oversees inter-zone route discovery,thereby expanding the network's reach and capabilities.To validate RADAR's effectiveness,we compare its performance to those of Dijkstra-based and A*path planning algorithms across key metrics—Route Discovery Messages(RDM),Path Length(PL),and Route Discovery Time(RDT).Our analysis shows significant improvements with RADAR over Dijkstra,achieving up to an 80% increase in RDM,20% in PL,and 70% in RDT.It also surpasses A*by up to 70% in RDM and 60% in RDT.These results indicate that RADAR enhances routing reliability in IoV systems,thereby improving overall network performance.展开更多
The convergence of Software Defined Networking(SDN)in Internet of Vehicles(IoV)enables a flexible,programmable,and globally visible network control architecture across Road Side Units(RSUs),cloud servers,and automobil...The convergence of Software Defined Networking(SDN)in Internet of Vehicles(IoV)enables a flexible,programmable,and globally visible network control architecture across Road Side Units(RSUs),cloud servers,and automobiles.While this integration enhances scalability and safety,it also raises sophisticated cyberthreats,particularly Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks.Traditional rule-based anomaly detection methods often struggle to detectmodern low-and-slowDDoS patterns,thereby leading to higher false positives.To this end,this study proposes an explainable hybrid framework to detect DDoS attacks in SDN-enabled IoV(SDN-IoV).The hybrid framework utilizes a Residual Network(ResNet)to capture spatial correlations and a Bi-Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)to capture both forward and backward temporal dependencies in high-dimensional input patterns.To ensure transparency and trustworthiness,themodel integrates the Explainable AI(XAI)technique,i.e.,SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).SHAP highlights the contribution of each feature during the decision-making process,facilitating security analysts to understand the rationale behind the attack classification decision.The SDN-IoV environment is created in Mininet-WiFi and SUMO,and the hybrid model is trained on the CICDDoS2019 security dataset.The simulation results reveal the efficacy of the proposed model in terms of standard performance metrics compared to similar baseline methods.展开更多
The existing studies on spacecraft focus on improving the networked,intelligent,and autonomous level of avionics systems.This paper reviews the research status of spacecraft avionics system architecture and typical sp...The existing studies on spacecraft focus on improving the networked,intelligent,and autonomous level of avionics systems.This paper reviews the research status of spacecraft avionics system architecture and typical spacecraft avionics system,as well as the technical features and potential trends of key technologies,such as network interconnection,high-speed bus,onboard computing,autonomous operation,and software-defined technology.A development roadmap,a novel kind of intelligent system architecture and application scenarios of avionics systems are then proposed.To tackle the challenges faced in the development of spacecraft avionics systems,suggestions are made from the aspects of system architecture,heterogeneous network interconnection,on-orbit intelligent information processing,Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS)products application,and intelligent autonomous management.This provides a guide for the related studies on the development of spacecraft avionics technology.展开更多
Garden asparagus(Asparagus officinalis,2n=2x=20)is a globally important vegetable crop renowned for its nutritional and economic value.It exhibits clear sexual dimorphism,with male and female individuals differentiate...Garden asparagus(Asparagus officinalis,2n=2x=20)is a globally important vegetable crop renowned for its nutritional and economic value.It exhibits clear sexual dimorphism,with male and female individuals differentiated under a genetically defined XY system.The coexistence of dioecious and hermaphroditic species within the genus Asparagus makes it an excellent model for studying the origin and diversification of sex chromosomes(Bentz et al.,2024).展开更多
Microbial surface glycans,capsular polysaccharides(CPS),O-antigens,lipooligosaccharides and glycoproteins,sit at the interface of host-microbe interactions.Recent technical and conceptual improvements have moved the f...Microbial surface glycans,capsular polysaccharides(CPS),O-antigens,lipooligosaccharides and glycoproteins,sit at the interface of host-microbe interactions.Recent technical and conceptual improvements have moved the field beyond descriptive identification toward a predictive glycobiology fueled by computation and simulation[1]:we can now visualize glycan architecture[2],synthesize defined glycoforms at scale[3],and engineer bacterial surfaces to test causality in host responses[4].These developments mark a conceptual shift in microbial glycobiology:microbial glycans are no longer viewed merely as taxonomic markers but are increasingly recognized as programmable biological information.In this context,Figure 1 outlines the comprehensive landscape of microbial glycan research,spanning from structural visualization and synthetic engineering to translational applications,thereby highlighting key future directions in the field.展开更多
Background Takotsubo cardiomyopathy(TCM),defined by transient left ventricular dysfunction,is commonly triggered by acute emotional/physical stress.It is recognized as a cause of acute coronary syndrome,particularly i...Background Takotsubo cardiomyopathy(TCM),defined by transient left ventricular dysfunction,is commonly triggered by acute emotional/physical stress.It is recognized as a cause of acute coronary syndrome,particularly in the elderly population,as they are vulnerable due to multiple comorbidities,including frailty,a condition marked by reduced functional reserve and increased susceptibility to stressors.Methods A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample(2016-2021)was performed to identify patients aged 65 and older hospitalized with TCM using ICD-10-CM codes.Patients were classified based on frailty,defined by Johns Hopkins ACG frailty-defining diagnoses.Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of in-hospital outcomes and compare the groups.Propensity score matching was applied to 736 pairs to control for confounders and assess outcomes.Results Frail patients had significantly high in-patient mortality(5.71 vs.1.09%,P<0.001),cardiogenic shock(8.47 vs.4.70%,P=0.003),sudden cardiac arrest(3.12 vs.1.49%,P=0.037),sepsis(2.85 vs.0.95%,P=0.008),and major adverse cardiac events(22.55vs.18.21%,P=0.038).There was no significant difference in acute stroke,pulmonary embolism,mechanical circulatory support utilization,cardiac arrhythmias,acute kidney injury,pacemaker insertion,and length of stay between the two groups.Conclusion Frailty is associated with an increased in-hospital mortality among elderly patients with TCM.Understanding the importance of frailty in elderly population with TCM helps us in optimizing management strategies and improving patient outcomes.展开更多
This study proposes an intelligent Intrusion Detection and Prevention System(IDPS)integrated into a centralized Ryu Software-Defined Networking(SDN)controller to mitigate replay attacks within Internet of Things(IoT)e...This study proposes an intelligent Intrusion Detection and Prevention System(IDPS)integrated into a centralized Ryu Software-Defined Networking(SDN)controller to mitigate replay attacks within Internet of Things(IoT)environments.To address the scarcity of specialized datasets,a comprehensive dataset was generated using a real-time SDN-IoT testbed encompassing Mininet,multiple OpenFlow 1.3 switches,and a single Ryu controller.The experimental setup featured the exchange of legitimate and malicious Message Queuing Telemetry Transport(MQTT)traffic between hosts and IoT devices to simulate realistic network behaviors and attack vectors.Our methodology introduces a novel feature engineering framework by evaluating three distinct configurations,including:(1)preprocessed features,(2)data reduced through Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and(3)latent representations extracted via a Variational Autoencoder(VAE).Four distinct classifiers were rigorously benchmarked,including Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).Performance metrics were derived from 50 independent runs and validated through paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.The results demonstrate that VAE-based deep feature extraction significantly improves detection accuracy.Notably,the CNN trained on these features achieved a peak accuracy of 99.91%and a false alarm rate of 0.19%.The framework’s real-time effectiveness and scalability were validated through live deployment,offering a robust and reproducible solution for securing SDN-enabled IoT infrastructures.Ultimately,our proposed CNN-VAE approach demonstrates superior performance and higher detection precision compared to existing related works in the field of IoT intrusion detection.展开更多
Low birth weight(LBW),defined as a birth weight<2,500 g,remains an important adverse birth outcome associated with short-and long-term health risks[1].Residential surrounding greenness,commonly assessed using the n...Low birth weight(LBW),defined as a birth weight<2,500 g,remains an important adverse birth outcome associated with short-and long-term health risks[1].Residential surrounding greenness,commonly assessed using the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),has been proposed as a potentially modifiable environmental factor related to fetal growth.However,previous findings remain inconsistent across populations,exposure metrics,spatial buffers,and adjustment strategies[2,3].展开更多
We study definable J-sets for definable groups and compare them with weakly generic sets.We show that J-property,the property that J-sets coincide with weakly generic sets,is invariant on enough saturated models,and h...We study definable J-sets for definable groups and compare them with weakly generic sets.We show that J-property,the property that J-sets coincide with weakly generic sets,is invariant on enough saturated models,and hence a modeltheoretical property.We have a positive result for superstable commutative groups.We also give an example without J-property.展开更多
The increasing reliance on interconnected Internet of Things(IoT)devices has amplified the demand for robust anonymization strategies to protect device identities and ensure secure communication.However,traditional an...The increasing reliance on interconnected Internet of Things(IoT)devices has amplified the demand for robust anonymization strategies to protect device identities and ensure secure communication.However,traditional anonymization methods for IoT networks often rely on static identity models,making them vulnerable to inference attacks through long-term observation.Moreover,these methods tend to sacrifice data availability to protect privacy,limiting their practicality in real-world applications.To overcome these limitations,we propose a dynamic device identity anonymization framework using Moving Target Defense(MTD)principles implemented via Software-Defined Networking(SDN).In our model,the SDN controller periodically reconfigures the network addresses and routes of IoT devices using a constraint-aware backtracking algorithmthat constructs new virtual topologies under connectivity and performance constraints.This address-hopping scheme introduces continuous unpredictability at the network layer dynamically changing device identifiers,routing paths,and even network topology which thwarts attacker reconnaissance while preserving normal communication.Experimental results demonstrate that our approach significantly reduces device identity exposure and scan success rates for attackers compared to static networks.Moreover,the dynamic schememaintains high data availability and network performance.Under attack conditions it reduced average communication delay by approximately 60% vs.an unprotected network,with minimal overhead on system resources.展开更多
The spatiotemporal transcriptome dataset reported here provides the peach flower bud’s gene expression atlas at spatiotemporal resolution level using the 10x Genomics Visium platform.This dataset can be used to defin...The spatiotemporal transcriptome dataset reported here provides the peach flower bud’s gene expression atlas at spatiotemporal resolution level using the 10x Genomics Visium platform.This dataset can be used to define transcript accumulation for any interesting genes across several flower bud cells.It was generated using three peach flower bud samples during the activity-dormancy period,providing valuable insight into gene expression profiling and developmental stages under different environmental contexts or conditions.Importantly,we found that different cell types are related to specific regulatory programs,including signal transduction,environment and stress responses,and flower development.Our research provides insight into the transcriptomic landscape of the key cell types for flower buds and opens new avenues to study cell-type specification,function,and differentiation in Rosaceae fruit trees.A series of pivotal genes(e.g.AMS,MS188,MS1)for flower bud development were identified.These results provide a valuable reference for the activity-dormancy transition in perennial deciduous fruit trees.展开更多
Plant LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN(LBD)family is crucial for defining organ boundaries and participates in various developmental processes,but its role in fruit weight has rarely been elucidated.Here,we characteriz...Plant LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN(LBD)family is crucial for defining organ boundaries and participates in various developmental processes,but its role in fruit weight has rarely been elucidated.Here,we characterized an LBD gene,Physalis organ size 3(POS3),in Physalis floridana,designated as PfPOS3.This gene exhibited high expression levels in f loral meristems,carpels,and developing seeds and fruits when compared to Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum.The f loral organ size,seed weight,and mature fruit weight were significantly reduced in PfPOS3 knockdown and knockout plants.Consistent with overexpression analyses,PfPOS3 promoted cell size and inhibited cell division during berry development.Moreover,overexpression of PfPOS3 and SlPOS3 shared identical phenotypic variation in transgenic Physalis plants.Both PfPOS3 and SlPOS3 interacted with Teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factor 15(TCP15)and TCP18,and the POS3-TCP modules directly regulated the expression of Cyclin D1;1(CYCD1;1)and CYCB1;1.Overall,POS3 may have the capability to orchestrate cell number and cell size,thus regulating fruit weight variation within Solanaceae.However,a significant reduction in the expression of SlPOS3 may result in a pronounced weakening or complete loss of this function within Solanum.Our findings shed new light on the reproductive organ size control,the developmental evolution of fruit morphology,and the breeding of Physalis crops.展开更多
Severe injuries due to electricity are rare,but when they occur,they may cause life-threatening conditions.In order to define the severity of electrical injuries,the most widely used classification is voltage power.In...Severe injuries due to electricity are rare,but when they occur,they may cause life-threatening conditions.In order to define the severity of electrical injuries,the most widely used classification is voltage power.Injuries are mainly classified into two categories as low voltage electrical injuries(LVEI)(1000 V).Fatal injuries have been reported mostly after high-voltage electric shock.Low-voltage electricity current rarely causes severe trauma and complications.展开更多
Conventional echocardiography can sometimes pose a challenge to diagnosis due to sub-optimal images.Ultrasound contrast agents(UCAs)have been shown to drastically enhance imaging quality,particularly depicting the lef...Conventional echocardiography can sometimes pose a challenge to diagnosis due to sub-optimal images.Ultrasound contrast agents(UCAs)have been shown to drastically enhance imaging quality,particularly depicting the left ventricular endocardial borders.Their use during echocardiography has become a valuable tool in non-invasive diagnostics.UCAs provide higher-quality images that may ultimately reduce the length of hospital stays and improve patient care.The higher cost associated with UCAs in many situations has been an impediment to frequent use.However,when used as an initial diagnostic test,UCA during rest echocardiogram is more cost-effective than the traditional diagnostic approach,which frequently includes multiple tests and imaging studies to make an accurate diagnosis.They can be easily performed across multiple patient settings and provide optimal images that allow clinicians to make sound medical decisions.This consequently allows for better diagnostic accuracies and improvement in patient care.展开更多
5G-R is the main type of next-generation mobile communication system for railways,offering highly reliable broadband data transmission services for intelligent railway operations.In the light of meeting the bearing de...5G-R is the main type of next-generation mobile communication system for railways,offering highly reliable broadband data transmission services for intelligent railway operations.In the light of meeting the bearing demands of the 5G-R network,a comprehensive data transmission platform is proposed.This platform enables unified accession for various data service systems and applies Software Defined Network(SDN)technology for dynamic routing selection and high-effective data forwarding.Based on shared key lightweight access authentication technology,two-way identity authentication is performed for mobile terminals and network-side devices,ensuring the legitimacy verification of heterogeneous terminals within the application domain.展开更多
This paper introduces a robust Distributed Denial-of-Service attack detection framework tailored for Software-Defined Networking based Internet of Things environments,built upon a novel,syntheticmulti-vector dataset g...This paper introduces a robust Distributed Denial-of-Service attack detection framework tailored for Software-Defined Networking based Internet of Things environments,built upon a novel,syntheticmulti-vector dataset generated in a Mininet-Ryu testbed using real-time flow-based labeling.The proposed model is based on the XGBoost algorithm,optimized with Principal Component Analysis for dimensionality reduction,utilizing lightweight flowlevel features extracted from Open Flow statistics to classify attacks across critical IoT protocols including TCP,UDP,HTTP,MQTT,and CoAP.The model employs lightweight flow-level features extracted from Open Flow statistics to ensure low computational overhead and fast processing.Performance was rigorously evaluated using key metrics,including Accuracy,Precision,Recall,F1-Score,False Alarm Rate,AUC-ROC,and Detection Time.Experimental results demonstrate the model’s high performance,achieving an accuracy of 98.93%and a low FAR of 0.86%,with a rapid median detection time of 1.02 s.This efficiency validates its superiority in meeting critical Key Performance Indicators,such as Latency and high Throughput,necessary for time-sensitive SDN-IoT systems.Furthermore,the model’s robustness and statistically significant outperformance against baseline models such as Random Forest,k-Nearest Neighbors,and Gradient Boosting Machine,validating through statistical tests using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and confirmed via successful deployment in a real SDN testbed for live traffic detection and mitigation.展开更多
Efficient resource provisioning,allocation,and computation offloading are critical to realizing lowlatency,scalable,and energy-efficient applications in cloud,fog,and edge computing.Despite its importance,integrating ...Efficient resource provisioning,allocation,and computation offloading are critical to realizing lowlatency,scalable,and energy-efficient applications in cloud,fog,and edge computing.Despite its importance,integrating Software Defined Networks(SDN)for enhancing resource orchestration,task scheduling,and traffic management remains a relatively underexplored area with significant innovation potential.This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing mechanisms,categorizing resource provisioning approaches into static,dynamic,and user-centric models,while examining applications across domains such as IoT,healthcare,and autonomous systems.The survey highlights challenges such as scalability,interoperability,and security in managing dynamic and heterogeneous infrastructures.This exclusive research evaluates how SDN enables adaptive policy-based handling of distributed resources through advanced orchestration processes.Furthermore,proposes future directions,including AI-driven optimization techniques and hybrid orchestrationmodels.By addressing these emerging opportunities,thiswork serves as a foundational reference for advancing resource management strategies in next-generation cloud,fog,and edge computing ecosystems.This survey concludes that SDN-enabled computing environments find essential guidance in addressing upcoming management opportunities.展开更多
Continuity is the foremost defining characteristic of Chinese civilization.It ensures that the evolution of this civilization respects the fine traditions and stays on the right course throughout its creative course.M...Continuity is the foremost defining characteristic of Chinese civilization.It ensures that the evolution of this civilization respects the fine traditions and stays on the right course throughout its creative course.Meanwhile,creativity imparts ceaseless vitality to this civilization,serving as the intrinsic propulsive force that fuels its evolution.The rise of Song Studies marks one of the symbolic events in the transformation in the Chinese ideological and cultural realm.It encapsulates the dialectical unity between continuity and creativity that characterizes Chinese civilization.Song Studies adhere to the traditional classic interpretations,center the core values around“benevolence,”and pursue the way of sages,which reflect the continuity of Chinese civilization.They also embody creativity.This is manifested in the emergence of a new academic spirit that emphasizes the seeking of truth and reason,a new academic ethos that involves questioning classics in the process of their dissemination and interpreting them with one’s own insight,as well as the fusion of philosophical speculation with social practice.Conducting an integrated analysis of the defining characteristics of Chinese civilization and the rise of Song Studies helps us gain a thorough understanding of the dialectical unity between the continuity and creativity of Chinese civilization through the interactions between history and reality.It also enables us to effectively address the relationship between inheritance and transformation,as well as between maintaining core values and pursuing creativity throughout its ongoing development.展开更多
基金supported by the Robotics and Internet-of-Things Lab of Prince Sultan University.
摘要Link failures are a critical issue that disrupts consistent communications in the fast-evolving Internet-of-Vehicles(IoV)environment.In response to the aforementioned limitation,we introduce the rapid discovery algorithm for routes(RADAR),a novel scheme designed for rapid route discovery in the event of abrupt link failures or topological changes.Built on a heuristic Theta*algorithm,RADAR operates within a three-layered Software-Defined Networking(SDN)architecture to ensure seamless communications.The first layer collects vital vehicle information,including location,speed,direction,and vehicle ID.The second layer uses an SDN edge controller to carry out local and intra-zone path discovery with the T heta*heuristic algorithm.The third layer introduces a global controller that oversees inter-zone route discovery,thereby expanding the network's reach and capabilities.To validate RADAR's effectiveness,we compare its performance to those of Dijkstra-based and A*path planning algorithms across key metrics—Route Discovery Messages(RDM),Path Length(PL),and Route Discovery Time(RDT).Our analysis shows significant improvements with RADAR over Dijkstra,achieving up to an 80% increase in RDM,20% in PL,and 70% in RDT.It also surpasses A*by up to 70% in RDM and 60% in RDT.These results indicate that RADAR enhances routing reliability in IoV systems,thereby improving overall network performance.
基金extend their appreciation to the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2026R760)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors also extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through small group research under grant number RGP2/714/46.
摘要The convergence of Software Defined Networking(SDN)in Internet of Vehicles(IoV)enables a flexible,programmable,and globally visible network control architecture across Road Side Units(RSUs),cloud servers,and automobiles.While this integration enhances scalability and safety,it also raises sophisticated cyberthreats,particularly Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks.Traditional rule-based anomaly detection methods often struggle to detectmodern low-and-slowDDoS patterns,thereby leading to higher false positives.To this end,this study proposes an explainable hybrid framework to detect DDoS attacks in SDN-enabled IoV(SDN-IoV).The hybrid framework utilizes a Residual Network(ResNet)to capture spatial correlations and a Bi-Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)to capture both forward and backward temporal dependencies in high-dimensional input patterns.To ensure transparency and trustworthiness,themodel integrates the Explainable AI(XAI)technique,i.e.,SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).SHAP highlights the contribution of each feature during the decision-making process,facilitating security analysts to understand the rationale behind the attack classification decision.The SDN-IoV environment is created in Mininet-WiFi and SUMO,and the hybrid model is trained on the CICDDoS2019 security dataset.The simulation results reveal the efficacy of the proposed model in terms of standard performance metrics compared to similar baseline methods.
基金co-supported by the civil aerospace foreign technical cooperation project of China(No.ZB02)the civil aerospace pre research project of China(Nos.D030102,D040102).
摘要The existing studies on spacecraft focus on improving the networked,intelligent,and autonomous level of avionics systems.This paper reviews the research status of spacecraft avionics system architecture and typical spacecraft avionics system,as well as the technical features and potential trends of key technologies,such as network interconnection,high-speed bus,onboard computing,autonomous operation,and software-defined technology.A development roadmap,a novel kind of intelligent system architecture and application scenarios of avionics systems are then proposed.To tackle the challenges faced in the development of spacecraft avionics systems,suggestions are made from the aspects of system architecture,heterogeneous network interconnection,on-orbit intelligent information processing,Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS)products application,and intelligent autonomous management.This provides a guide for the related studies on the development of spacecraft avionics technology.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170336)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421281)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in the Universities of Henan Province(23HASTIT035).
摘要Garden asparagus(Asparagus officinalis,2n=2x=20)is a globally important vegetable crop renowned for its nutritional and economic value.It exhibits clear sexual dimorphism,with male and female individuals differentiated under a genetically defined XY system.The coexistence of dioecious and hermaphroditic species within the genus Asparagus makes it an excellent model for studying the origin and diversification of sex chromosomes(Bentz et al.,2024).
摘要Microbial surface glycans,capsular polysaccharides(CPS),O-antigens,lipooligosaccharides and glycoproteins,sit at the interface of host-microbe interactions.Recent technical and conceptual improvements have moved the field beyond descriptive identification toward a predictive glycobiology fueled by computation and simulation[1]:we can now visualize glycan architecture[2],synthesize defined glycoforms at scale[3],and engineer bacterial surfaces to test causality in host responses[4].These developments mark a conceptual shift in microbial glycobiology:microbial glycans are no longer viewed merely as taxonomic markers but are increasingly recognized as programmable biological information.In this context,Figure 1 outlines the comprehensive landscape of microbial glycan research,spanning from structural visualization and synthetic engineering to translational applications,thereby highlighting key future directions in the field.
摘要Background Takotsubo cardiomyopathy(TCM),defined by transient left ventricular dysfunction,is commonly triggered by acute emotional/physical stress.It is recognized as a cause of acute coronary syndrome,particularly in the elderly population,as they are vulnerable due to multiple comorbidities,including frailty,a condition marked by reduced functional reserve and increased susceptibility to stressors.Methods A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample(2016-2021)was performed to identify patients aged 65 and older hospitalized with TCM using ICD-10-CM codes.Patients were classified based on frailty,defined by Johns Hopkins ACG frailty-defining diagnoses.Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of in-hospital outcomes and compare the groups.Propensity score matching was applied to 736 pairs to control for confounders and assess outcomes.Results Frail patients had significantly high in-patient mortality(5.71 vs.1.09%,P<0.001),cardiogenic shock(8.47 vs.4.70%,P=0.003),sudden cardiac arrest(3.12 vs.1.49%,P=0.037),sepsis(2.85 vs.0.95%,P=0.008),and major adverse cardiac events(22.55vs.18.21%,P=0.038).There was no significant difference in acute stroke,pulmonary embolism,mechanical circulatory support utilization,cardiac arrhythmias,acute kidney injury,pacemaker insertion,and length of stay between the two groups.Conclusion Frailty is associated with an increased in-hospital mortality among elderly patients with TCM.Understanding the importance of frailty in elderly population with TCM helps us in optimizing management strategies and improving patient outcomes.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2026R904),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
摘要This study proposes an intelligent Intrusion Detection and Prevention System(IDPS)integrated into a centralized Ryu Software-Defined Networking(SDN)controller to mitigate replay attacks within Internet of Things(IoT)environments.To address the scarcity of specialized datasets,a comprehensive dataset was generated using a real-time SDN-IoT testbed encompassing Mininet,multiple OpenFlow 1.3 switches,and a single Ryu controller.The experimental setup featured the exchange of legitimate and malicious Message Queuing Telemetry Transport(MQTT)traffic between hosts and IoT devices to simulate realistic network behaviors and attack vectors.Our methodology introduces a novel feature engineering framework by evaluating three distinct configurations,including:(1)preprocessed features,(2)data reduced through Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and(3)latent representations extracted via a Variational Autoencoder(VAE).Four distinct classifiers were rigorously benchmarked,including Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).Performance metrics were derived from 50 independent runs and validated through paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.The results demonstrate that VAE-based deep feature extraction significantly improves detection accuracy.Notably,the CNN trained on these features achieved a peak accuracy of 99.91%and a false alarm rate of 0.19%.The framework’s real-time effectiveness and scalability were validated through live deployment,offering a robust and reproducible solution for securing SDN-enabled IoT infrastructures.Ultimately,our proposed CNN-VAE approach demonstrates superior performance and higher detection precision compared to existing related works in the field of IoT intrusion detection.
基金supported by the 2025 Undergraduate Innovation and Experimental Program of the Hebei Medical University(USIP2025050)。
摘要Low birth weight(LBW),defined as a birth weight<2,500 g,remains an important adverse birth outcome associated with short-and long-term health risks[1].Residential surrounding greenness,commonly assessed using the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),has been proposed as a potentially modifiable environmental factor related to fetal growth.However,previous findings remain inconsistent across populations,exposure metrics,spatial buffers,and adjustment strategies[2,3].
摘要We study definable J-sets for definable groups and compare them with weakly generic sets.We show that J-property,the property that J-sets coincide with weakly generic sets,is invariant on enough saturated models,and hence a modeltheoretical property.We have a positive result for superstable commutative groups.We also give an example without J-property.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.2022YFB3104300).
摘要The increasing reliance on interconnected Internet of Things(IoT)devices has amplified the demand for robust anonymization strategies to protect device identities and ensure secure communication.However,traditional anonymization methods for IoT networks often rely on static identity models,making them vulnerable to inference attacks through long-term observation.Moreover,these methods tend to sacrifice data availability to protect privacy,limiting their practicality in real-world applications.To overcome these limitations,we propose a dynamic device identity anonymization framework using Moving Target Defense(MTD)principles implemented via Software-Defined Networking(SDN).In our model,the SDN controller periodically reconfigures the network addresses and routes of IoT devices using a constraint-aware backtracking algorithmthat constructs new virtual topologies under connectivity and performance constraints.This address-hopping scheme introduces continuous unpredictability at the network layer dynamically changing device identifiers,routing paths,and even network topology which thwarts attacker reconnaissance while preserving normal communication.Experimental results demonstrate that our approach significantly reduces device identity exposure and scan success rates for attackers compared to static networks.Moreover,the dynamic schememaintains high data availability and network performance.Under attack conditions it reduced average communication delay by approximately 60% vs.an unprotected network,with minimal overhead on system resources.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFE0105400,2019YFD1000200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32341042)+4 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2022QC23,1610192023310)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-ZFRI-01)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(232300421042)the National Science and Technology Major Project of Yunan(202302AE090005-3)the Crop Germplasm Resources Conservation Project(2016NWB041)。
摘要The spatiotemporal transcriptome dataset reported here provides the peach flower bud’s gene expression atlas at spatiotemporal resolution level using the 10x Genomics Visium platform.This dataset can be used to define transcript accumulation for any interesting genes across several flower bud cells.It was generated using three peach flower bud samples during the activity-dormancy period,providing valuable insight into gene expression profiling and developmental stages under different environmental contexts or conditions.Importantly,we found that different cell types are related to specific regulatory programs,including signal transduction,environment and stress responses,and flower development.Our research provides insight into the transcriptomic landscape of the key cell types for flower buds and opens new avenues to study cell-type specification,function,and differentiation in Rosaceae fruit trees.A series of pivotal genes(e.g.AMS,MS188,MS1)for flower bud development were identified.These results provide a valuable reference for the activity-dormancy transition in perennial deciduous fruit trees.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32221001,31930007,and 31525003)by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27010106).
摘要Plant LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN(LBD)family is crucial for defining organ boundaries and participates in various developmental processes,but its role in fruit weight has rarely been elucidated.Here,we characterized an LBD gene,Physalis organ size 3(POS3),in Physalis floridana,designated as PfPOS3.This gene exhibited high expression levels in f loral meristems,carpels,and developing seeds and fruits when compared to Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum.The f loral organ size,seed weight,and mature fruit weight were significantly reduced in PfPOS3 knockdown and knockout plants.Consistent with overexpression analyses,PfPOS3 promoted cell size and inhibited cell division during berry development.Moreover,overexpression of PfPOS3 and SlPOS3 shared identical phenotypic variation in transgenic Physalis plants.Both PfPOS3 and SlPOS3 interacted with Teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factor 15(TCP15)and TCP18,and the POS3-TCP modules directly regulated the expression of Cyclin D1;1(CYCD1;1)and CYCB1;1.Overall,POS3 may have the capability to orchestrate cell number and cell size,thus regulating fruit weight variation within Solanaceae.However,a significant reduction in the expression of SlPOS3 may result in a pronounced weakening or complete loss of this function within Solanum.Our findings shed new light on the reproductive organ size control,the developmental evolution of fruit morphology,and the breeding of Physalis crops.
摘要Severe injuries due to electricity are rare,but when they occur,they may cause life-threatening conditions.In order to define the severity of electrical injuries,the most widely used classification is voltage power.Injuries are mainly classified into two categories as low voltage electrical injuries(LVEI)(1000 V).Fatal injuries have been reported mostly after high-voltage electric shock.Low-voltage electricity current rarely causes severe trauma and complications.
摘要Conventional echocardiography can sometimes pose a challenge to diagnosis due to sub-optimal images.Ultrasound contrast agents(UCAs)have been shown to drastically enhance imaging quality,particularly depicting the left ventricular endocardial borders.Their use during echocardiography has become a valuable tool in non-invasive diagnostics.UCAs provide higher-quality images that may ultimately reduce the length of hospital stays and improve patient care.The higher cost associated with UCAs in many situations has been an impediment to frequent use.However,when used as an initial diagnostic test,UCA during rest echocardiogram is more cost-effective than the traditional diagnostic approach,which frequently includes multiple tests and imaging studies to make an accurate diagnosis.They can be easily performed across multiple patient settings and provide optimal images that allow clinicians to make sound medical decisions.This consequently allows for better diagnostic accuracies and improvement in patient care.
摘要5G-R is the main type of next-generation mobile communication system for railways,offering highly reliable broadband data transmission services for intelligent railway operations.In the light of meeting the bearing demands of the 5G-R network,a comprehensive data transmission platform is proposed.This platform enables unified accession for various data service systems and applies Software Defined Network(SDN)technology for dynamic routing selection and high-effective data forwarding.Based on shared key lightweight access authentication technology,two-way identity authentication is performed for mobile terminals and network-side devices,ensuring the legitimacy verification of heterogeneous terminals within the application domain.
摘要This paper introduces a robust Distributed Denial-of-Service attack detection framework tailored for Software-Defined Networking based Internet of Things environments,built upon a novel,syntheticmulti-vector dataset generated in a Mininet-Ryu testbed using real-time flow-based labeling.The proposed model is based on the XGBoost algorithm,optimized with Principal Component Analysis for dimensionality reduction,utilizing lightweight flowlevel features extracted from Open Flow statistics to classify attacks across critical IoT protocols including TCP,UDP,HTTP,MQTT,and CoAP.The model employs lightweight flow-level features extracted from Open Flow statistics to ensure low computational overhead and fast processing.Performance was rigorously evaluated using key metrics,including Accuracy,Precision,Recall,F1-Score,False Alarm Rate,AUC-ROC,and Detection Time.Experimental results demonstrate the model’s high performance,achieving an accuracy of 98.93%and a low FAR of 0.86%,with a rapid median detection time of 1.02 s.This efficiency validates its superiority in meeting critical Key Performance Indicators,such as Latency and high Throughput,necessary for time-sensitive SDN-IoT systems.Furthermore,the model’s robustness and statistically significant outperformance against baseline models such as Random Forest,k-Nearest Neighbors,and Gradient Boosting Machine,validating through statistical tests using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and confirmed via successful deployment in a real SDN testbed for live traffic detection and mitigation.
摘要Efficient resource provisioning,allocation,and computation offloading are critical to realizing lowlatency,scalable,and energy-efficient applications in cloud,fog,and edge computing.Despite its importance,integrating Software Defined Networks(SDN)for enhancing resource orchestration,task scheduling,and traffic management remains a relatively underexplored area with significant innovation potential.This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing mechanisms,categorizing resource provisioning approaches into static,dynamic,and user-centric models,while examining applications across domains such as IoT,healthcare,and autonomous systems.The survey highlights challenges such as scalability,interoperability,and security in managing dynamic and heterogeneous infrastructures.This exclusive research evaluates how SDN enables adaptive policy-based handling of distributed resources through advanced orchestration processes.Furthermore,proposes future directions,including AI-driven optimization techniques and hybrid orchestrationmodels.By addressing these emerging opportunities,thiswork serves as a foundational reference for advancing resource management strategies in next-generation cloud,fog,and edge computing ecosystems.This survey concludes that SDN-enabled computing environments find essential guidance in addressing upcoming management opportunities.
基金a phased achievement of the“Research on Chinese Confucian Orthodoxy”(Project No.:17ZDA010),a major project of the National Social Science Fund of China.
摘要Continuity is the foremost defining characteristic of Chinese civilization.It ensures that the evolution of this civilization respects the fine traditions and stays on the right course throughout its creative course.Meanwhile,creativity imparts ceaseless vitality to this civilization,serving as the intrinsic propulsive force that fuels its evolution.The rise of Song Studies marks one of the symbolic events in the transformation in the Chinese ideological and cultural realm.It encapsulates the dialectical unity between continuity and creativity that characterizes Chinese civilization.Song Studies adhere to the traditional classic interpretations,center the core values around“benevolence,”and pursue the way of sages,which reflect the continuity of Chinese civilization.They also embody creativity.This is manifested in the emergence of a new academic spirit that emphasizes the seeking of truth and reason,a new academic ethos that involves questioning classics in the process of their dissemination and interpreting them with one’s own insight,as well as the fusion of philosophical speculation with social practice.Conducting an integrated analysis of the defining characteristics of Chinese civilization and the rise of Song Studies helps us gain a thorough understanding of the dialectical unity between the continuity and creativity of Chinese civilization through the interactions between history and reality.It also enables us to effectively address the relationship between inheritance and transformation,as well as between maintaining core values and pursuing creativity throughout its ongoing development.