The goal of this paper is to investigate the theory of Noether solvability for Volterra singular integral equations(VSIEs)with convolution and Cauchy kernels in a more general function class.To obtain the analytic sol...The goal of this paper is to investigate the theory of Noether solvability for Volterra singular integral equations(VSIEs)with convolution and Cauchy kernels in a more general function class.To obtain the analytic solutions,we transform such equations into boundary value problems with discontinuous coefficients by the properties of Fourier analysis.In view of the analytical Riemann-Hilbert method,the generalized Liouville theorem and Sokhotski-Plemelj formula,we get the uniqueness and existence of solutions for such problems,and study the asymptotic property of solutions at nodes.Therefore,this paper improves the theory of singular integral equations and boundary value problems.展开更多
An analysis of unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially shrinking porous sheet filled with a copper-water nanofluid is presented.Water is treated as a base fluid.In the investigation,non-un...An analysis of unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially shrinking porous sheet filled with a copper-water nanofluid is presented.Water is treated as a base fluid.In the investigation,non-uniform mass suction through the porous sheet is considered.Using Keller-box method the transformed equations are solved numerically.The results of skin friction coefficient,the local Nusselt number as well as the velocity and temperature profiles are presented for different flow parameters.The results showed that the dual non-similar solutions exist only when certain amount of mass suction is applied through the porous sheet for various unsteady parameters and nanoparticle volume fractions.The ranges of suction where dual non-similar solution exists,become larger when values of unsteady parameter as well as nanoparticle volume fraction increase.So,due to unsteadiness of flow dynamics and the presence of nanoparticles in flow field,the requirement of mass suction for existence of solution of boundary layer flow past an exponentially shrinking sheet is less.Furthermore,the velocity boundary layer thickness decreases and thermal boundary layer thickness increases with increasing of nanoparticle volume fraction in both non-similar solutions.Whereas,for stronger mass suction,the velocity boundary layer thickness becomes thinner for the first solution and the effect is opposite in the case of second solution.The temperature inside the boundary layer increases with nanoparticle volume fraction and decreases with mass suction.So,for the unsteadiness and for the presence of nanoparticles,the flow separation is delayed to some extent.展开更多
This article concentrates on the steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of viscous nanofluid. The flow is caused by a permeable exponentially stretching surface. An incompressible fluid fills the porous space. A comp...This article concentrates on the steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of viscous nanofluid. The flow is caused by a permeable exponentially stretching surface. An incompressible fluid fills the porous space. A comparative study is made for the nanoparticles namely Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Alumina (A1203) and Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Water is treated as a base fluid. Convective type boundary conditions are employed in modeling the heat transfer process. The non-linear partial differential equations governing the flow are reduced to an ordinary differential equation by similarity transformations. The obtained equations are then solved for the development of series solutions. Convergence of the obtained series solutions is explicitly discussed. The effects of different parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are shown and analyzed through graphs.展开更多
Nanopore technique plays an important role in single molecule detection, which illuminates the properties of an individual molecule by analyzing the blockage durations and currents. However, the traditional exponentia...Nanopore technique plays an important role in single molecule detection, which illuminates the properties of an individual molecule by analyzing the blockage durations and currents. However, the traditional exponential function is lack of efficiency to describe the distributions of blockage durations in nanopore experiments. Herein, we introduced an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) function to fit the duration histograms of both simulated events and experimental events. In comparison with the traditional exponential function, our results demonstrated that the EMG provides a better fit while covers the entire range of the distributions. In particular, the fitted parameters of EMG could be directly used to discriminate the sequence length of the oligonucleotides at single molecule level.展开更多
The rigid-plastic assumption has greatly simplified the theoretical analysis of dynamic plastic response of structures.Within this framework,a common tool is the modal technique using approximate independent yield cri...The rigid-plastic assumption has greatly simplified the theoretical analysis of dynamic plastic response of structures.Within this framework,a common tool is the modal technique using approximate independent yield criteria,which leads to upper-and lower-bound solutions,but usually with poor accuracy.In this paper,by utilizing the membrane factor method(MFM),the large-deflection dynamic plastic response of square plates subjected to exponentially decaying pulse loading is analyzed by taking both the transient response phase and the exact yield criterion into account.Based on the combination of saturation analysis(SA)and MFM,the complete solutions and regressive formulae of saturated deflection and saturated impulse are obtained.As the dynamic behavior of plates under rectangular pulse loading serves as a benchmark of pulse-equivalent techniques,the large plastic deformation of square plates under short-duration rectangular pulse is also analyzed in detail.Moreover,by comparing the SA results of pulse-loaded square plates with different boundary conditions,it is found that the saturated deflection and saturated impulse of the fully clamped and simply supported square plates both increase linearly with the pulse amplitude,and the slopes are approximately the same,so the conversion between the SA quantities of plates with different boundary conditions can be easily achieved.展开更多
This article addresses the magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) flow of a third grade fluid over an exponentially stretching sheet. Analysis is carried out in the presence of first order chemical reaction. Both cases of construc...This article addresses the magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) flow of a third grade fluid over an exponentially stretching sheet. Analysis is carried out in the presence of first order chemical reaction. Both cases of constructive and destructive chemical reactions are reported. Convergent solutions of the resulting differential systems are presented in series forms. Characteristics of various sundry parameters on the velocity, concentration, skin friction and local Sherwood number are analyzed and discussed.展开更多
The present paper investigates the steady flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid. The fluid flow is induced by an exponentially stretched surface. Suitable transformations reduce a system of nonlinear partial differential equatio...The present paper investigates the steady flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid. The fluid flow is induced by an exponentially stretched surface. Suitable transformations reduce a system of nonlinear partial differential equations to a system of ordinary dif- ferential equations. Convergence of series solution is discussed explicitly by a homotopy analysis method (HAM). Velocity, temperature and heat transfer rates are examined for different involved parameters through graphs. It is revealed that for a larger retardation time constant, the velocity is enhanced and the temperature is lowered. It is noted that relaxation time constant and the Prandtl number enhance the heat transfer rate.展开更多
This article gives a numerical report to two dimensional(2D)Darcy-Forchheimer flow of carbon-water nanofluid.Flow is instigated by exponential extending curved surface.Viscous liquid in permeable space is described by...This article gives a numerical report to two dimensional(2D)Darcy-Forchheimer flow of carbon-water nanofluid.Flow is instigated by exponential extending curved surface.Viscous liquid in permeable space is described by Darcy-Forchheimer.The subsequent arrangement of partial differential equations is changed into ordinary differential framework through proper transformations.Numerical arrangements of governing frameworks are set up by NDSolve procedure.Outcomes of different sundry parameters on temperature and velocity are examined.Skin friction and heat transfer rate are also shown and inspected.展开更多
We present the application of differential quadrature(DQ) method for the buckling analysis of nanobeams with exponentially varying stiffness based on four different beam theories of Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko, Redd...We present the application of differential quadrature(DQ) method for the buckling analysis of nanobeams with exponentially varying stiffness based on four different beam theories of Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko, Reddy, and Levison.The formulation is based on the nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen. New results are presented for the guided and simply supported guided boundary conditions. Numerical results are obtained to investigate the effects of the nonlocal parameter,length-to-height ratio, boundary condition, and nonuniform parameter on the critical buckling load parameter. It is observed that the critical buckling load decreases with increase in the nonlocal parameter while the critical buckling load parameter increases with increase in the length-to-height ratio.展开更多
In this paper,the necessary and sufficient conditions for generalone-step m ethods to be exponentially fitted atq0∈C aregiven.A classofm ultiderivative hybrid one-step m ethods of order at leasts+ 1 is constructed w ...In this paper,the necessary and sufficient conditions for generalone-step m ethods to be exponentially fitted atq0∈C aregiven.A classofm ultiderivative hybrid one-step m ethods of order at leasts+ 1 is constructed w ith s+ 1 param eters,w here sis the order of derivative.The necessary and sufficient conditions for these m ethods to be A-stable and exponentially fitted is proved.Furtherm ore,a class ofA-stable 2 param eters hybrid one-step m ethods oforderatleast 8 are constructed,w hich use 4th order derivative.These m ethods are exponentially fitted atq0 if and only if its fitted function f(q) satisfies f(q0)= 0.Finally,an A-stable exponentially fitted m ethod oforder 8 is obtained.展开更多
This paper studies the stability of P-harmonic maps and exponentially harmonic maps from Finsler manifolds to Riemannian manifolds by an extrinsic average variational method in the calculus of variations. It generaliz...This paper studies the stability of P-harmonic maps and exponentially harmonic maps from Finsler manifolds to Riemannian manifolds by an extrinsic average variational method in the calculus of variations. It generalizes Li's results in [2] and [3].展开更多
A study on the potential response of exponentially decaying polarizing current of electrode was car- ried out.The appearance of critical point of the potential-time response of exponentially decaying current was ensur...A study on the potential response of exponentially decaying polarizing current of electrode was car- ried out.The appearance of critical point of the potential-time response of exponentially decaying current was ensured from theoretical analysis,and this is the theoretical foundation of the critical point method for the measurement of corrosion current of metals.The comparison of the corrosion currents measured by the critical point and static methods for the system of 321 stainless steel in 0.5N HCI+0.5N NaCI solution at static state shows that the results agree very well.Finally.the tran- sient corrosion currents of 321 stainless steel in 0.5N HCI+0.5N NaCl solution at different strain level are listed.展开更多
As a useful alternative of Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chat has been applied widely to quality control, process monitoring, forecast, etc. In this paper, a method was...As a useful alternative of Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chat has been applied widely to quality control, process monitoring, forecast, etc. In this paper, a method was introduced for optimal design of EWMA and multivariate EWMA (MEWMA) control charts, in which the optimal parameter pair ( λ, k) or ( λ, h ) was searched by using the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). The results indicate that the optimal parameter pair can be obtained effectively by the proposed strategy for a given in-control average running length (ARLo) and shift to detect under any conditions, removing the drawback of incompleteness existing in the tables that had been reported.展开更多
In the present study,the effects of the magnetic field on the entropy generation during fluid flow and heat transfer of a Sisko-fluid over an exponentially stretching surface are considered.The similarity transformati...In the present study,the effects of the magnetic field on the entropy generation during fluid flow and heat transfer of a Sisko-fluid over an exponentially stretching surface are considered.The similarity transformations are used to transfer the governing partial differential equations into a set of nonlinear-coupled ordinary differential equations.Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method is used to solve the governing problem.The effects of magnetic field parameter,local slip parameterλ,generalized Biot numberγ,Sisko fluid material parameter,Eckert number Ec,Prandtl number Pr and Brinkman number Br at two values of power law index on the velocity,temperature,local entropy generation number NG and Bejan number Be are inspected.Moreover,the tabular forms for local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number under the effects of the physical parameters are exhibited.The current results are helpful in checking the entropy generation for Sisko-fluid.It is found that,an extra magnetic field parameter makes higher Lorentz force that suppresses the velocity.For shear thinning fluids(n<1),the temperature dominates and the velocity rises.Local entropy generation number is more for larger generalized Biot number,magnetic field parameter and Brinkman number.The local skin friction coefficient increases as magnetic field parameter and material parameter are increase and it decreases as local slip parameter increases.The local Nusselt number decreases as magnetic field parameter,local slip parameter and Eckert number are increase,while it increases as material parameter,generalized Biot number and Prandtl number are increase.展开更多
This article numerically examines the boundary layer flow due to an exponentially stretching surface in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid beh...This article numerically examines the boundary layer flow due to an exponentially stretching surface in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The flow is subjected to suction/blowing at the surface. Analysis is carded out in presence of thermal radiation and prescribed surface heat flux. In this study, an exponential order stretching velocity and prescribed exponential order surface heat flux are accorded with each other. The governing partial differential equations are first converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate transformations and then solved numerically. The effect of increasing values of the Casson parameter is to suppress the velocity field. However the temperature is enhanced when Casson parameter increases. It is found that the skin-friction coefficient increases with increasing values of suction parameter. Temperature also increases for large values of power index n in both suction and blowing cases at the boundary. It is observed that the thermal radiation enhances the effective thermal diffusivity and hence the temperature rises.展开更多
A thin oriented bacteriorhodopsin(bR)film is deposited on a stainless steel slide by use of the electrophoretic sedimentation method.A junction is made with electrolyte gels having a counterelectrode to construct a bR...A thin oriented bacteriorhodopsin(bR)film is deposited on a stainless steel slide by use of the electrophoretic sedimentation method.A junction is made with electrolyte gels having a counterelectrode to construct a bR-based photoelectric detector.The photoelectric response signal to a 10ns laser pulse is measured.A theory on the photoelectric kinetics of bR is developed based on the concept of the charge displacement current and the bR photocycle rate equations.Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results proves that the bR photoelectric response to a short laser pulse is a multi-exponential process.The decay time constants and amplitudes of each exponential component are obtained by data fitting.展开更多
The concept of neutrosophic statistics is applied to propose two monitoring schemes which are an improvement of the neutrosophic exponentially weighted moving average(NEWMA)chart.In this study,two control charts are d...The concept of neutrosophic statistics is applied to propose two monitoring schemes which are an improvement of the neutrosophic exponentially weighted moving average(NEWMA)chart.In this study,two control charts are designed under the uncertain environment or neutrosophic statistical interval system,when all observations are undermined,imprecise or fuzzy.These are termed neutrosophic double and triple exponentially weighted moving average(NDEWMA and NTEWMA)control charts.For the proficiency of the proposed chart,Monte Carlo simulations are used to calculate the run-length characteristics(such as average run length(ARL),standard deviation of the run length(SDRL),percentiles(P25,P50,P75))of the proposed charts.The structures of the proposed control charts are more effective in detecting small shifts while these are comparable with the other existing charts in detecting moderate and large shifts.The simulation study and real-life implementations of the proposed charts show that the proposed NDEWMA and NTEWMA charts perform better in monitoring the process of road traffic crashes and electric engineering data as compared to the existing control charts.Therefore,the proposed charts will be helpful in minimizing the road accident and minimizing the defective products.Furthermore,the proposed charts are more acceptable and actual to apply in uncertain environment.展开更多
This study explores the effects of heat transfer on the Williamson fluid over a porous exponentially stretching surface. The boundary layer equations of the Williamson fluid model for two dimensional flow with heat tr...This study explores the effects of heat transfer on the Williamson fluid over a porous exponentially stretching surface. The boundary layer equations of the Williamson fluid model for two dimensional flow with heat transfer are presented. Two cases of heat transfer are considered, i.e., the prescribed exponential order surface temperature (PEST) case and the prescribed exponential order heat flux (PEHF) case. The highly nonlinear partial differential equations are simplified with suitable similar and non-similar variables, and finally are solved analytically with the help of the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM). The optimal convergence control parameters are obtained, and the physical fea- tures of the flow parameters are analyzed through graphs and tables. The skin friction and wall temperature gradient are calculated.展开更多
An analysis is made to study boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially shrinking sheet.Using similarity transformations in exponential form,the governing boundary layer equations are transformed into...An analysis is made to study boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially shrinking sheet.Using similarity transformations in exponential form,the governing boundary layer equations are transformed into self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations,which are then solved numerically using a very efficient shooting method.The analysis reveals the conditions for the existence of steady boundary layer flow due to exponential shrinking of the sheet and it is found that when the mass suction parameter exceeds a certain critical value,steady flow is possible.The dual solutions for velocity and temperature distributions are obtained.With increasing values of the mass suction parameter,the skin friction coefficient increases for the first solution and decreases for the second solution.展开更多
A new and upcoming application is the use of 60 GHz antennas for high date rate point-to-point connections to serve Gigabit(Gi-Fi)w ireless communications.The design of M illimeter w ave(M m W)antennas has to cope w i...A new and upcoming application is the use of 60 GHz antennas for high date rate point-to-point connections to serve Gigabit(Gi-Fi)w ireless communications.The design of M illimeter w ave(M m W)antennas has to cope w ith the unadorned influences of manufacturing tolerances and losses at 60 GHz.In this paper,the concept of Substrate Integrated Waveguide(SIW)and Exponentially Tapered Slot(ETS)antenna w ere used together to design a high gain,efficient planar dielectric loaded antenna for M m W Gi-Fi w ireless communications at 60 GHz.The SIW is used to feed the antenna and a dielectric is utilized in front of the antenna to increase the gain.The dielectric loaded ETS antenna and compact SIW feed w ere fabricated on a single substrate,resulting in low cost and easy fabrication.The antenna w ith elliptical shaped dielectric loaded w as fabricated using printed circuit board process.The measured gain of the single element antenna is 10.2 dB,w hile the radiation efficiency of 96.84%is obtained at 60 GHz.The Y-junction SIW pow er divider is used to form a 1×4 array structure.M easured gain of the 1×4 array antenna is 13.3 dB,w hile the measured radiation pattern and gain are almost constant w ithin the w ide bandw idth of the antenna.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971015).
摘要The goal of this paper is to investigate the theory of Noether solvability for Volterra singular integral equations(VSIEs)with convolution and Cauchy kernels in a more general function class.To obtain the analytic solutions,we transform such equations into boundary value problems with discontinuous coefficients by the properties of Fourier analysis.In view of the analytical Riemann-Hilbert method,the generalized Liouville theorem and Sokhotski-Plemelj formula,we get the uniqueness and existence of solutions for such problems,and study the asymptotic property of solutions at nodes.Therefore,this paper improves the theory of singular integral equations and boundary value problems.
基金the National Board for Higher Mathematics(NBHM),Department of Atomic Energy,Government of India for the financial support in pursuing this workthe financial support from MOHE and the Research Management Center-UTM through FRGS and RUG vote number 4F109 and 02H80 for this research
摘要An analysis of unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially shrinking porous sheet filled with a copper-water nanofluid is presented.Water is treated as a base fluid.In the investigation,non-uniform mass suction through the porous sheet is considered.Using Keller-box method the transformed equations are solved numerically.The results of skin friction coefficient,the local Nusselt number as well as the velocity and temperature profiles are presented for different flow parameters.The results showed that the dual non-similar solutions exist only when certain amount of mass suction is applied through the porous sheet for various unsteady parameters and nanoparticle volume fractions.The ranges of suction where dual non-similar solution exists,become larger when values of unsteady parameter as well as nanoparticle volume fraction increase.So,due to unsteadiness of flow dynamics and the presence of nanoparticles in flow field,the requirement of mass suction for existence of solution of boundary layer flow past an exponentially shrinking sheet is less.Furthermore,the velocity boundary layer thickness decreases and thermal boundary layer thickness increases with increasing of nanoparticle volume fraction in both non-similar solutions.Whereas,for stronger mass suction,the velocity boundary layer thickness becomes thinner for the first solution and the effect is opposite in the case of second solution.The temperature inside the boundary layer increases with nanoparticle volume fraction and decreases with mass suction.So,for the unsteadiness and for the presence of nanoparticles,the flow separation is delayed to some extent.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
摘要This article concentrates on the steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of viscous nanofluid. The flow is caused by a permeable exponentially stretching surface. An incompressible fluid fills the porous space. A comparative study is made for the nanoparticles namely Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Alumina (A1203) and Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Water is treated as a base fluid. Convective type boundary conditions are employed in modeling the heat transfer process. The non-linear partial differential equations governing the flow are reduced to an ordinary differential equation by similarity transformations. The obtained equations are then solved for the development of series solutions. Convergence of the obtained series solutions is explicitly discussed. The effects of different parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are shown and analyzed through graphs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21327807)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.21125522)
摘要Nanopore technique plays an important role in single molecule detection, which illuminates the properties of an individual molecule by analyzing the blockage durations and currents. However, the traditional exponential function is lack of efficiency to describe the distributions of blockage durations in nanopore experiments. Herein, we introduced an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) function to fit the duration histograms of both simulated events and experimental events. In comparison with the traditional exponential function, our results demonstrated that the EMG provides a better fit while covers the entire range of the distributions. In particular, the fitted parameters of EMG could be directly used to discriminate the sequence length of the oligonucleotides at single molecule level.
基金the support of the Wuhan University of Technology start-up fund for Distinguished Professors(No.471-40120163)the China Scholarship Council(CSC).
摘要The rigid-plastic assumption has greatly simplified the theoretical analysis of dynamic plastic response of structures.Within this framework,a common tool is the modal technique using approximate independent yield criteria,which leads to upper-and lower-bound solutions,but usually with poor accuracy.In this paper,by utilizing the membrane factor method(MFM),the large-deflection dynamic plastic response of square plates subjected to exponentially decaying pulse loading is analyzed by taking both the transient response phase and the exact yield criterion into account.Based on the combination of saturation analysis(SA)and MFM,the complete solutions and regressive formulae of saturated deflection and saturated impulse are obtained.As the dynamic behavior of plates under rectangular pulse loading serves as a benchmark of pulse-equivalent techniques,the large plastic deformation of square plates under short-duration rectangular pulse is also analyzed in detail.Moreover,by comparing the SA results of pulse-loaded square plates with different boundary conditions,it is found that the saturated deflection and saturated impulse of the fully clamped and simply supported square plates both increase linearly with the pulse amplitude,and the slopes are approximately the same,so the conversion between the SA quantities of plates with different boundary conditions can be easily achieved.
摘要This article addresses the magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) flow of a third grade fluid over an exponentially stretching sheet. Analysis is carried out in the presence of first order chemical reaction. Both cases of constructive and destructive chemical reactions are reported. Convergent solutions of the resulting differential systems are presented in series forms. Characteristics of various sundry parameters on the velocity, concentration, skin friction and local Sherwood number are analyzed and discussed.
摘要The present paper investigates the steady flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid. The fluid flow is induced by an exponentially stretched surface. Suitable transformations reduce a system of nonlinear partial differential equations to a system of ordinary dif- ferential equations. Convergence of series solution is discussed explicitly by a homotopy analysis method (HAM). Velocity, temperature and heat transfer rates are examined for different involved parameters through graphs. It is revealed that for a larger retardation time constant, the velocity is enhanced and the temperature is lowered. It is noted that relaxation time constant and the Prandtl number enhance the heat transfer rate.
摘要This article gives a numerical report to two dimensional(2D)Darcy-Forchheimer flow of carbon-water nanofluid.Flow is instigated by exponential extending curved surface.Viscous liquid in permeable space is described by Darcy-Forchheimer.The subsequent arrangement of partial differential equations is changed into ordinary differential framework through proper transformations.Numerical arrangements of governing frameworks are set up by NDSolve procedure.Outcomes of different sundry parameters on temperature and velocity are examined.Skin friction and heat transfer rate are also shown and inspected.
摘要We present the application of differential quadrature(DQ) method for the buckling analysis of nanobeams with exponentially varying stiffness based on four different beam theories of Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko, Reddy, and Levison.The formulation is based on the nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen. New results are presented for the guided and simply supported guided boundary conditions. Numerical results are obtained to investigate the effects of the nonlocal parameter,length-to-height ratio, boundary condition, and nonuniform parameter on the critical buckling load parameter. It is observed that the critical buckling load decreases with increase in the nonlocal parameter while the critical buckling load parameter increases with increase in the length-to-height ratio.
摘要In this paper,the necessary and sufficient conditions for generalone-step m ethods to be exponentially fitted atq0∈C aregiven.A classofm ultiderivative hybrid one-step m ethods of order at leasts+ 1 is constructed w ith s+ 1 param eters,w here sis the order of derivative.The necessary and sufficient conditions for these m ethods to be A-stable and exponentially fitted is proved.Furtherm ore,a class ofA-stable 2 param eters hybrid one-step m ethods oforderatleast 8 are constructed,w hich use 4th order derivative.These m ethods are exponentially fitted atq0 if and only if its fitted function f(q) satisfies f(q0)= 0.Finally,an A-stable exponentially fitted m ethod oforder 8 is obtained.
基金Supported partially by the NNSF of China(10871171)
摘要This paper studies the stability of P-harmonic maps and exponentially harmonic maps from Finsler manifolds to Riemannian manifolds by an extrinsic average variational method in the calculus of variations. It generalizes Li's results in [2] and [3].
摘要A study on the potential response of exponentially decaying polarizing current of electrode was car- ried out.The appearance of critical point of the potential-time response of exponentially decaying current was ensured from theoretical analysis,and this is the theoretical foundation of the critical point method for the measurement of corrosion current of metals.The comparison of the corrosion currents measured by the critical point and static methods for the system of 321 stainless steel in 0.5N HCI+0.5N NaCI solution at static state shows that the results agree very well.Finally.the tran- sient corrosion currents of 321 stainless steel in 0.5N HCI+0.5N NaCl solution at different strain level are listed.
基金Funded by the National Key Technologies R&D Programs of China (No.2002BA105C)
摘要As a useful alternative of Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chat has been applied widely to quality control, process monitoring, forecast, etc. In this paper, a method was introduced for optimal design of EWMA and multivariate EWMA (MEWMA) control charts, in which the optimal parameter pair ( λ, k) or ( λ, h ) was searched by using the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). The results indicate that the optimal parameter pair can be obtained effectively by the proposed strategy for a given in-control average running length (ARLo) and shift to detect under any conditions, removing the drawback of incompleteness existing in the tables that had been reported.
摘要In the present study,the effects of the magnetic field on the entropy generation during fluid flow and heat transfer of a Sisko-fluid over an exponentially stretching surface are considered.The similarity transformations are used to transfer the governing partial differential equations into a set of nonlinear-coupled ordinary differential equations.Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method is used to solve the governing problem.The effects of magnetic field parameter,local slip parameterλ,generalized Biot numberγ,Sisko fluid material parameter,Eckert number Ec,Prandtl number Pr and Brinkman number Br at two values of power law index on the velocity,temperature,local entropy generation number NG and Bejan number Be are inspected.Moreover,the tabular forms for local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number under the effects of the physical parameters are exhibited.The current results are helpful in checking the entropy generation for Sisko-fluid.It is found that,an extra magnetic field parameter makes higher Lorentz force that suppresses the velocity.For shear thinning fluids(n<1),the temperature dominates and the velocity rises.Local entropy generation number is more for larger generalized Biot number,magnetic field parameter and Brinkman number.The local skin friction coefficient increases as magnetic field parameter and material parameter are increase and it decreases as local slip parameter increases.The local Nusselt number decreases as magnetic field parameter,local slip parameter and Eckert number are increase,while it increases as material parameter,generalized Biot number and Prandtl number are increase.
摘要This article numerically examines the boundary layer flow due to an exponentially stretching surface in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The flow is subjected to suction/blowing at the surface. Analysis is carded out in presence of thermal radiation and prescribed surface heat flux. In this study, an exponential order stretching velocity and prescribed exponential order surface heat flux are accorded with each other. The governing partial differential equations are first converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate transformations and then solved numerically. The effect of increasing values of the Casson parameter is to suppress the velocity field. However the temperature is enhanced when Casson parameter increases. It is found that the skin-friction coefficient increases with increasing values of suction parameter. Temperature also increases for large values of power index n in both suction and blowing cases at the boundary. It is observed that the thermal radiation enhances the effective thermal diffusivity and hence the temperature rises.
基金Supported by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Technology under Grant No.YAK9705the President Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.40007059.
摘要A thin oriented bacteriorhodopsin(bR)film is deposited on a stainless steel slide by use of the electrophoretic sedimentation method.A junction is made with electrolyte gels having a counterelectrode to construct a bR-based photoelectric detector.The photoelectric response signal to a 10ns laser pulse is measured.A theory on the photoelectric kinetics of bR is developed based on the concept of the charge displacement current and the bR photocycle rate equations.Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results proves that the bR photoelectric response to a short laser pulse is a multi-exponential process.The decay time constants and amplitudes of each exponential component are obtained by data fitting.
基金This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Abdulaziz University,JeddahThe authors,therefore,gratefully acknowledge the DSR technical and financial support.
摘要The concept of neutrosophic statistics is applied to propose two monitoring schemes which are an improvement of the neutrosophic exponentially weighted moving average(NEWMA)chart.In this study,two control charts are designed under the uncertain environment or neutrosophic statistical interval system,when all observations are undermined,imprecise or fuzzy.These are termed neutrosophic double and triple exponentially weighted moving average(NDEWMA and NTEWMA)control charts.For the proficiency of the proposed chart,Monte Carlo simulations are used to calculate the run-length characteristics(such as average run length(ARL),standard deviation of the run length(SDRL),percentiles(P25,P50,P75))of the proposed charts.The structures of the proposed control charts are more effective in detecting small shifts while these are comparable with the other existing charts in detecting moderate and large shifts.The simulation study and real-life implementations of the proposed charts show that the proposed NDEWMA and NTEWMA charts perform better in monitoring the process of road traffic crashes and electric engineering data as compared to the existing control charts.Therefore,the proposed charts will be helpful in minimizing the road accident and minimizing the defective products.Furthermore,the proposed charts are more acceptable and actual to apply in uncertain environment.
基金supported by the Ph.D.Indigenous Scheme of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan(No.112-21674-2PS1-576)
摘要This study explores the effects of heat transfer on the Williamson fluid over a porous exponentially stretching surface. The boundary layer equations of the Williamson fluid model for two dimensional flow with heat transfer are presented. Two cases of heat transfer are considered, i.e., the prescribed exponential order surface temperature (PEST) case and the prescribed exponential order heat flux (PEHF) case. The highly nonlinear partial differential equations are simplified with suitable similar and non-similar variables, and finally are solved analytically with the help of the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM). The optimal convergence control parameters are obtained, and the physical fea- tures of the flow parameters are analyzed through graphs and tables. The skin friction and wall temperature gradient are calculated.
基金by the National Board for Higher Mathematics(NBHM),DAE,Mumbai,India.
摘要An analysis is made to study boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially shrinking sheet.Using similarity transformations in exponential form,the governing boundary layer equations are transformed into self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations,which are then solved numerically using a very efficient shooting method.The analysis reveals the conditions for the existence of steady boundary layer flow due to exponential shrinking of the sheet and it is found that when the mass suction parameter exceeds a certain critical value,steady flow is possible.The dual solutions for velocity and temperature distributions are obtained.With increasing values of the mass suction parameter,the skin friction coefficient increases for the first solution and decreases for the second solution.
基金the DRDO,Government of India for providing financial patronage in executing this research work
摘要A new and upcoming application is the use of 60 GHz antennas for high date rate point-to-point connections to serve Gigabit(Gi-Fi)w ireless communications.The design of M illimeter w ave(M m W)antennas has to cope w ith the unadorned influences of manufacturing tolerances and losses at 60 GHz.In this paper,the concept of Substrate Integrated Waveguide(SIW)and Exponentially Tapered Slot(ETS)antenna w ere used together to design a high gain,efficient planar dielectric loaded antenna for M m W Gi-Fi w ireless communications at 60 GHz.The SIW is used to feed the antenna and a dielectric is utilized in front of the antenna to increase the gain.The dielectric loaded ETS antenna and compact SIW feed w ere fabricated on a single substrate,resulting in low cost and easy fabrication.The antenna w ith elliptical shaped dielectric loaded w as fabricated using printed circuit board process.The measured gain of the single element antenna is 10.2 dB,w hile the radiation efficiency of 96.84%is obtained at 60 GHz.The Y-junction SIW pow er divider is used to form a 1×4 array structure.M easured gain of the 1×4 array antenna is 13.3 dB,w hile the measured radiation pattern and gain are almost constant w ithin the w ide bandw idth of the antenna.