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Deep reinforcement learning-based forwarding node selection algorithm in Internet of vehicles 认领 引用
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作者 Huibin Xu Long Fang 《Digital Communications and Networks》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第6期1983-1993,共11页
Due to open communication environment,Internet of Vehicles(IoV)are vulnerable to many attacks,including the gray hole attack,which can disrupt the process of transmitting messages.And this results in the degradation o... Due to open communication environment,Internet of Vehicles(IoV)are vulnerable to many attacks,including the gray hole attack,which can disrupt the process of transmitting messages.And this results in the degradation of routing performance.To address this issue,a double deep Q-networks-based stable routing for resisting gray hole attack(DOSR)is proposed in this paper.The aim of the DOSR algorithm is to maximize the message delivery ratio as well as to minimize the transmission delay.For this,the distance ratio,message loss ratio,and connection ratio are taken into consideration when choosing a relay node.Then,to choose the relay node is formulated as an optimization problem,and a double deep Q-networks are utilized to solve the optimization problem.Experimental results show that DOSR outperforms QLTR and TLRP by significant margins:in scenarios with 400 vehicles and 10%malicious nodes,the message delivery ratio(MDR)of DOSR is 8.3%higher than that of QLTR and 5.1%higher than that of TLRP;the average transmission delay(ATD)is reduced by 23.3%compared to QLTR and 17.9%compared to TLRP.Additionally,sensitivity analysis of hyperparameters confirms the convergence and stability of DOSR,demonstrating its robustness in dynamic IoV environments. 展开更多
关键词 Internet of vehicles Stable routing Deep reinforcement learning Forwarding candidate set
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International Freight Forwarding Services Network in the Yangtze River Delta, 2005–2015: Patterns and Mechanisms 认领 引用 被引量：7
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作者 LIANG Shuangbo CAO Youhui +3 位作者 WU Wei GAO Jinlong LIU Weichen ZHANG Weiyang 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第1期112-126,共15页
This study examined the spatio-temporal trajectories of the international freight forwarding service(IFFS) in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and explored the driving mechanisms of the service. Based on a bipartite netwo... This study examined the spatio-temporal trajectories of the international freight forwarding service(IFFS) in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and explored the driving mechanisms of the service. Based on a bipartite network projection from an IFFS firm-city data source, we mapped three IFFS networks in the YRD in 2005, 2010, and 2015. A range of statistical indicators were used to explore changes in the spatial patterns of the three networks. The underlying influence of marketization, globalization, decentralization, and integration was then explored. It was found that the connections between Shanghai and other nodal cities formed the backbones of these networks. The effects of a city's administrative level and provincial administrative borders were generally obvious. We found several specific spatial patterns associated with IFFS. For example, the four non-administrative centers of Ningbo, Suzhou, Lianyungang, and Nantong were the most connected cities and played the role of gateway cities. Furthermore, remarkable regional equalities were found regarding a city's IFFS network provision, with notable examples in the weakly connected areas of northern Jiangsu and southwestern Zhejiang. Finally, an analysis of the driving mechanisms demonstrated that IFFS network changes were highly sensitive to the influences of marketization and globalization, while regional integration played a lesser role in driving changes in IFFS networks. 展开更多
关键词 international freight forwarding service network pattern mechanism headquarters-branch method Yangtze River Delta
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ESMD-Flow: An Intelligent Flow Forwarding Scheme with Endogenous Security Based on Mimic Defense in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 Ziyong Li Yuxiang Hu +2 位作者 Di Zhu JiangxingWu Yunjie Gu 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第1期40-51,共12页
The Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network(SAGIN) realizes the integration of space, air,and ground networks, obtaining the global communication coverage.Software-Defined Networking(SDN) architecture in SAGIN has become ... The Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network(SAGIN) realizes the integration of space, air,and ground networks, obtaining the global communication coverage.Software-Defined Networking(SDN) architecture in SAGIN has become a promising solution to guarantee the Quality of Service(QoS).However, the current routing algorithms mainly focus on the QoS of the service, rarely considering the security requirement of flow. To realize the secure transmission of flows in SAGIN, we propose an intelligent flow forwarding scheme with endogenous security based on Mimic Defense(ESMD-Flow). In this scheme, SDN controller will evaluate the reliability of nodes and links, isolate malicious nodes based on the reliability evaluation value, and adapt multipath routing strategy to ensure that flows are always forwarded along the most reliable multiple paths. In addition, in order to meet the security requirement of flows, we introduce the programming data plane to design a multiprotocol forwarding strategy for realizing the multiprotocol dynamic forwarding of flows. ESMD-Flow can reduce the network attack surface and improve the secure transmission capability of flows by implementing multipath routing and multi-protocol hybrid forwarding mechanism. The extensive simulations demonstrate that ESMD-Flow can significantly improve the average path reliability for routing and increase the difficulty of network eavesdropping while improving the network throughput and reducing the average packet delay. 展开更多
关键词 space-air-ground integrated network(SAGIN) endogenous security multipath routing multi-protocol forwarding
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REDUCING BURST PACKET LOSS THROUGH ROUTE-FREE FORWARDING 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Ma Hailong Guo Yunfei +1 位作者 Cheng Dongnian Zhang Jianwei 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2010年第3期363-370,共8页
It is well known that today's inter-domain routing protocol, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), converges slowly during network failures. Due to the distribution nature of Internet routing decisions and the rate-limit... It is well known that today's inter-domain routing protocol, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), converges slowly during network failures. Due to the distribution nature of Internet routing decisions and the rate-limiting timer Minimum Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) of BGP, unavoidable convergence latency is introduced in reaction to network changes. During the period of convergence temporarily routing table inconsistencies cause short-term routing blackholes and loops which result in widespread temporary burst packet loss. In this paper, we present ROute-Free Forwarding (ROFF) - a novel technique for packet delivering continuously during periods of convergence. With slightly modifications on IP packet header and BGP, route loops and blackholes can be avoided. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates that ROFF succeeds in reducing the number of Autonomous Systems (ASes) which experience burst packet loss and the duration of packet loss. 展开更多
关键词 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Loop-free Blackhole Forwarding
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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A PIPELINED FORWARDING ENGINE 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Li Yufeng Chen Yue Lan Julong 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2007年第2期157-162,共6页
Recent advances in broadband technology have caused forwarding engines to handle pack- ets with over 10 gigabit per second. In this paper, we present a high-speed forwarding pipeline which can finish all of the routin... Recent advances in broadband technology have caused forwarding engines to handle pack- ets with over 10 gigabit per second. In this paper, we present a high-speed forwarding pipeline which can finish all of the routing and forwarding tasks in the way of pipelining. We also establish the analysis model of the pipeline with which one can evaluate some key performance parameters of the forwarding engine such as forwarding rate and forwarding delay. We find that the pipeline is of good scalability and can forward unicast packets up to the speed of 40Gbit/s. 展开更多
关键词 Design Forwarding engine Pipeline Evaluate
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Enhancing Data Forwarding Efficiency in SIoT with Multidimensional Social Relations 认领 引用
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作者 Fang Xu Songhao Jiang +3 位作者 Yi Ma Manzoor Ahmed Zenggang Xiong Yuanlin Lyu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第1期1095-1113,共19页
Effective data communication is a crucial aspect of the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)and continues to be a significant research focus.This paper proposes a data forwarding algorithm based on Multidimensional Social ... Effective data communication is a crucial aspect of the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)and continues to be a significant research focus.This paper proposes a data forwarding algorithm based on Multidimensional Social Relations(MSRR)in SIoT to solve this problem.The proposed algorithm separates message forwarding into intra-and cross-community forwarding by analyzing interest traits and social connections among nodes.Three new metrics are defined:the intensity of node social relationships,node activity,and community connectivity.Within the community,messages are sent by determining which node is most similar to the sender by weighing the strength of social connections and node activity.When a node performs cross-community forwarding,the message is forwarded to the most reasonable relay community by measuring the node activity and the connection between communities.The proposed algorithm was compared to three existing routing algorithms in simulation experiments.Results indicate that the proposed algorithmsubstantially improves message delivery efficiency while lessening network overhead and enhancing connectivity and coordination in the SIoT context. 展开更多
关键词 SIoT data forwarding social attributes social relations community
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Impact of Heterogeneity on Forwarding Schemes in Opportunistic Networks 认领 引用
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作者 CHENG Gang ZHANG Yong +2 位作者 SONG Mei GUO Da Amanda Matthews 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第4期130-139,共10页
In the paper, we concentrate on the infl uence of heterogeneity on the performance of forwarding algorithms under opportunistic networks. Therefore, we first describe two different heterogeneous network models, and ca... In the paper, we concentrate on the infl uence of heterogeneity on the performance of forwarding algorithms under opportunistic networks. Therefore, we first describe two different heterogeneous network models, and capture the heterogeneity which concern mobile nodes' contact dynamics under the individual models and the spatial models. Then we investigate inter-contact time is not fully follow exponential distribution and compare the performance of the delivery delay between direct forwarding protocol and three-hop forwarding protocol under three network models. We illustrate the performance of message delivery delay under the spray and wait protocol and prophet protocol from simulation results. Our simulation results show that the heterogeneity should be considered for the performance of forwarding protocols. 展开更多
关键词 opportunistic networks heterogeneous models forwarding performance inter-contact time
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Study on Microblog Dissemination Law in View of Forwarding 认领 引用
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作者 CHEN Xia JIA Yuan GUO Longfei 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第2期128-137,共10页
Forwarding is a major means of information dissemination on the Microblog platform.The article,combining static analysis and dynamic analysis,takes Microblog forwarding as the object of study,and studies the network t... Forwarding is a major means of information dissemination on the Microblog platform.The article,combining static analysis and dynamic analysis,takes Microblog forwarding as the object of study,and studies the network topology of grass-roots Microblog forwarding users.It also studies the correlation between characteristic quantity and forwarding times of Microblog network topology.Furthermore,it conducts modification on virus transmission model,builds and verifies the Microblog forwarding dynamical model.The study finds out that Microblog postings present qute strong dissemination capacity on the initial stage,and some Microblog postings with many forwarding times and long duration of forwarding process due to the dynamic growth of the forwarding user network and the joining of strong nodes make network infection density decrease in some phases. 展开更多
关键词 Microblog dissemination law social network dissemination dynamics Microblog forwarding
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REMUDA: A Practical Topology Control and Data Forwarding Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks 认领 引用
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作者 SUN Li-Min YAN Ting-Xin BI Yan-Zhong 《自动化学报》 EI CAS 北大核心 2006年第6期867-874,共8页
In wireless sensor networks, topology control plays an important role for data forwarding efficiency in the data gathering applications. In this paper, we present a novel topology control and data forwarding mechanism... In wireless sensor networks, topology control plays an important role for data forwarding efficiency in the data gathering applications. In this paper, we present a novel topology control and data forwarding mechanism called REMUDA, which is designed for a practical indoor parking lot management system. REMUDA forms a tree-based hierarchical network topology which brings as many nodes as possible to be leaf nodes and constructs a virtual cluster structure. Meanwhile, it takes the reliability, stability and path length into account in the tree construction process. Through an experiment in a network of 30 real sensor nodes, we evaluate the performance of REMUDA and compare it with LEPS which is also a practical routing protocol in TinyOS. Experiment results show that REMUDA can achieve better performance than LEPS. 展开更多
关键词 Data forwarding mechanism tree-based hierarchical topology virtual cluster
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ARRANGING MULTICAST FORWARDING TABLE IN CLASS SEQUENCE IN TERNARY-CAM FOR LINE-SPEED LOOKUP 认领 引用
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作者 Li Yufeng Qiu Han +1 位作者 Lan Julong Wang Binqiang 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2009年第2期214-221,共8页
PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode)is a main multicast routing pro-tocol in the IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6).It can use either a shared tree or a shortest path tree to deliver data packets,conseque... PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode)is a main multicast routing pro-tocol in the IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6).It can use either a shared tree or a shortest path tree to deliver data packets,consequently the multicast IP lookup engine requires,in some cases,two searches to get a correct lookup result according to its multicast forwarding rule,and it may result in a new requirement of doubling the lookup speed of the lookup engine.The ordinary method to satisfy this requirement in TCAM(Ternary Content Addressable Memory)based lookup engines is to exploit parallelism among multiple TCAMs.However,traditional parallel methods always induce more re-sources and higher design difficulty.We propose in this paper a novel approach to solve this problem.By arranging multicast forwarding table in class sequence in TCAM and making full use of the intrinsic characteristic of the TCAM,our approach can get the right lookup result with just one search and a single TCAM,while keeping the hardware of lookup engine unchanged.Experimental results have shown that the approach make it possible to satisfy forwarding IPv6 multicast packets at the full link rate of 20 Gb/s with just one TCAM with the current TCAM chip. 展开更多
关键词 IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6) Multicast lookup Forwarding table TCAM(Ternary Content Addressable Memory)
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A Cooperative Forwarding Scheme for VANET Routing Protocols 认领 引用
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作者 WU Celimuge JI Yusheng YOSHINAGA Tsutomu 《ZTE Communications》 2016年第3期13-21,共9页
Providing efficient packet delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） is particularly challenging due to the vehicle move- ment and lossy wireless channels. A data packet can be lost at a forwarding node even wh... Providing efficient packet delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） is particularly challenging due to the vehicle move- ment and lossy wireless channels. A data packet can be lost at a forwarding node even when a proper node is selected as the for- warding node. In this paper, we propose a loss-tolerant scheme for unicast routing protocols in VANETs. The proposed scheme employs multiple forwarding nodes to improve the packet reception ratio at the forwarding nodes. The scheme uses network coding to reduce the number of required transmissions, resulting in a significant improvement in end-to-end packet delivery ratio with low message overhead. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated by using both theoretical analysis and computer sim- 展开更多
关键词 vehicular ad hoe networks routing protocol network coding cooperative forwarding scheme
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Enhancing Interest Forwarding for Fast Recovery from Unanticipated Data Access Failure in NDN 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Xiaoyan Hu Xuhui Liu +2 位作者 Lixia Zhao Jian Gong Guang Cheng 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第7期120-130,共11页
We show that an aggregated Interest in Named Data Networking (NDN) may fail to retrieve desired data since the Interest previously sent upstream for the same content is judged as a duplicate one and then dropped by an... We show that an aggregated Interest in Named Data Networking (NDN) may fail to retrieve desired data since the Interest previously sent upstream for the same content is judged as a duplicate one and then dropped by an upstream node due to its multipath forwarding. Furthermore, we propose NDRUDAF, a NACK based mechanism that enhances the Interest forwarding and enables Detection and fast Recovery from such Unanticipated Data Access Failure. In the NDN enhanced with NDRUDAF, the router that aggregates the Interest detects such unanticipated data access failure based on a negative acknowledgement from the upstream node that judges the Interest as a duplicate one. Then the router retransmits the Interest as soon as possible on behalf of the requester whose Interest is aggregated to fast recover from the data access failure. We qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the performance of the NDN enhanced with our proposed NDRUDAF and compare it with that of the present NDN. Our experimental results validate that NDRUDAF improves the system performance in case of such unanticipated data access failure in terms of data access delay and network resource utilization efficiency at routers. 展开更多
关键词 named data networking interest aggregation multipath forwarding data access failure negative acknowledgement
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基于行为模型的IP Forwarding异常检测方法 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 郭琳 张大方 +1 位作者 黎文伟 谢鲲 《计算机应用》 北大核心 2006年第3期564-566,共3页
通过研究网络流动态特征,基于路由变化、流变化和包延迟,以及IP报文头信息(例如TTL、源/目的地址、报文长度和路由器时间戳)建立网络行为模型,通过高性能测量和在线分析网络流和路由信息对初始网络异常产生实时报警,实现了IP forwardin... 通过研究网络流动态特征,基于路由变化、流变化和包延迟,以及IP报文头信息(例如TTL、源/目的地址、报文长度和路由器时间戳)建立网络行为模型,通过高性能测量和在线分析网络流和路由信息对初始网络异常产生实时报警,实现了IP forwarding网络异常的有效检测和识别。定义了网络行为模型的五种功能模块,通过关联空间和时间状态信息检测识别网络异常为大范围监测网络提供强大支持。 展开更多
关键词 行为模型 IP forwarding异常 生存时间(TTL) 流 路由 报文延迟
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AVO forwarding modeling in two-phase media: multiconstrained matrix mineral modulus inversion 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 林凯 贺振华 +3 位作者 熊晓军 贺锡雷 曹俊兴 薛雅娟 《Applied Geophysics》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第4期395-404,509,共10页
AVO forward modeling is based on two-phase medium theory and is considered an effective method for describing reservoir rocks and fluids. However, the method depends on the input matrix mineral bulk modulus and the ra... AVO forward modeling is based on two-phase medium theory and is considered an effective method for describing reservoir rocks and fluids. However, the method depends on the input matrix mineral bulk modulus and the rationality of the two-phase medium model. We used the matrix mineral bulk modulus inversion method and multiple constraints to obtain a two-phase medium model with physical meaning. The proposed method guarantees the reliability of the obtained AVO characteristicsin two-phase media. By the comparative analysis of different lithology of the core sample, the advantages and accuracy of the inversion method can be illustrated. Also, the inversion method can be applied in LH area, and the AVO characteristics can be obtained when the porosity, fluid saturation, and other important lithology parameters are changed. In particular, the reflection coefficient amplitude difference between the fast P wave and S wave as a function of porosity at the same incidence angle, and the difference in the incidence angle threshold can be used to decipher porosity. 展开更多
关键词 Matrix mineral bulk modulus two-phase media AVO forward modeling
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SEF:A Smart and Energy-Aware Forwarding Strategy for NDN-Based Internet of Healthcare 认领 引用
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作者 Naeem Ali Askar Adib Habbal +2 位作者 Hassen Hamouda Abdullah Mohammad Alnajim Sheroz Khan 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第12期4625-4658,共34页
Named Data Networking(NDN)has emerged as a promising communication paradigm,emphasizing content-centric access rather than location-based access.This model offers several advantages for Internet of Healthcare Things(I... Named Data Networking(NDN)has emerged as a promising communication paradigm,emphasizing content-centric access rather than location-based access.This model offers several advantages for Internet of Healthcare Things(IoHT)environments,including efficient content distribution,built-in security,and natural support for mobility and scalability.However,existing NDN-based IoHT systems face inefficiencies in their forwarding strategy,where identical Interest packets are forwarded across multiple nodes,causing broadcast storms,increased collisions,higher energy consumption,and delays.These issues negatively impact healthcare system performance,particularly for individuals with disabilities and chronic diseases requiring continuous monitoring.To address these challenges,we propose a Smart and Energy-Aware Forwarding(SEF)strategy based on reinforcement learning for NDN-based IoHT.The SEF strategy leverages the geographical distance and energy levels of neighboring nodes,enabling devices to make more informed forwarding decisions and optimize next-hop selection.This approach reduces broadcast storms,optimizes overall energy consumption,and extends network lifetime.The system model,which targets smart hospitals and monitoring systems for individuals with disabilities,was examined in relation to the proposed strategy.The SEF strategy was then implemented in the NS-3 simulation environment to assess its performance in healthcare scenarios.Results demonstrated that SEF significantly enhanced NDN-based IoHT performance.Specifically,it reduced energy consumption by up to 27.11%,82.23%,and 84.44%,decreased retrieval time by 20.23%,48.12%,and 51.65%,and achieved satisfaction rates that were approximately 0.69 higher than those of other strategies,even in more densely populated areas.This forwarding strategy is anticipated to substantially improve the quality and efficiency of NDN-based IoHT systems. 展开更多
关键词 Energy efficient forwarding strategy health information system internet technologies IoHT people with disabilities reinforcement learning Q-learning
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A Direction-Based Data Forwarding Algorithm for Opportunistic Networks 认领 引用
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作者 Jie Yu Yue Ling +2 位作者 Si-Ying Li Hui-Qi Fang Lin-Feng Liu 《Journal of Electronic Science and Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2016年第2期152-159,共8页
In this paper, the forwarding objective and mobility law of nodes in opportunistic networks are first investigated to establish a mathematical model for further analysis, then a gradually accelerated data forwarding a... In this paper, the forwarding objective and mobility law of nodes in opportunistic networks are first investigated to establish a mathematical model for further analysis, then a gradually accelerated data forwarding algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, according to the distance between data carriers （nodes） and the destination, some intermediate nodes are selected to relay the data. Especially, the forwarded copies can be increased when the delay reaches a threshold, to guarantee the required delivery ratio. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the storage occupancies of nodes and forwarding delay, and guarantee the delivery ratio simultaneously. 展开更多
关键词 Accelerated delivery ratio,forwarding opportunistic networks storageoccupancies.
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Coverage Area Based Opportunistic Forwarding Algorithm in VANETs 认领 引用
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作者 Ding Yu Wang Wendong +2 位作者 Gong Xiangyang Cui Yong Wang Bai 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2012年第12期56-67,共12页
The highly mobility of vehicles, intermittent communication between the vehicles and the requirements of real time applications are some of the main challenges of multi-hop message delivery in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networ... The highly mobility of vehicles, intermittent communication between the vehicles and the requirements of real time applications are some of the main challenges of multi-hop message delivery in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks （ VANETs ）. There are also additional challenges, especially when the destination for the message delivery is a moving vehicle. In this paper, we propose a novel multihop message delivery method, called the Coverage Area-based oPportunistic message forwarding algorithm （CAP）. The main idea of CAP is to cover the potential area of a moving target vehicle as much as possible with the reachable area of the required delivery messages, so that the message can be delivered successfully. Because the success ratio and overhead of the multi-hop message delivery are two important but incompatible parameters in CAP, two tunings are discussed in the algorithm in order to maintain the balance of the two parameters. The simulation results show that compared with other reference approaches, CAP provides an efficient message delivery with a higher success ratio and a shorter message deNNy. 展开更多
关键词 coverage area opportunistic forwarding message delivery routing VANETs
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SAFT-VNDN: A Socially-Aware Forwarding Technique in Vehicular Named Data Detworking 认领 引用
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作者 Amel Boudelaa Zohra Abdelhafidi +4 位作者 Nasreddine Lagraa Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache Muhammad Bilal Daehan Kwak Mohamed Bachir Yagoubi 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2022年第11期2495-2512,共18页
Vehicular Social Networks(VSNs)is the bridge of social networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks(VANETs).VSNs are promising as they allow the exchange of various types of contents in large-scale through Vehicle-to-Vehicl... Vehicular Social Networks(VSNs)is the bridge of social networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks(VANETs).VSNs are promising as they allow the exchange of various types of contents in large-scale through Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)communication protocols.Vehicular Named Data Networking(VNDN)is an auspicious communication paradigm for the challenging VSN environment since it can optimize content dissemination by decoupling contents from their physical locations.However,content dissemination and caching represent crucial challenges in VSNs due to short link lifetime and intermittent connectivity caused by vehicles’high mobility.Our aim with this paper is to improve content delivery and cache hit ratio,as well as decrease the transmission delay between end-users.In this regard,we propose a novel hybrid VNDN-VSN forwarding technique based on social communities,which allows requester vehicles to easily find the most suitable forwarder or producer among the community members in their neighborhood area.Furthermore,we introduce an effective caching mechanism by dividing the content store into two parts,one for community private contents and the second one for public contents.Simulation results show that our proposed forwarding technique can achieve a favorable performance compared with traditional VNDN,in terms of data delivery ratio,average data delivery delay,and cache hit ratio. 展开更多
关键词 Vehicular Social Networks(VSNs) Vehicular Named Data Networking forwarding technique social communities
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Lightweight Robust Forwarding Scheme for Multi-Hop Wireless Networks 认领 引用 被引量：10
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作者 Arif Sari 《International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences》 2015年第3期19-28,共10页
The Gossip-Based Relay Protocol (GRP) is developed based on Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Protocol (AODV) and proposed to increase the efficiency of package routing functionality in ad hoc networks through specific... The Gossip-Based Relay Protocol (GRP) is developed based on Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Protocol (AODV) and proposed to increase the efficiency of package routing functionality in ad hoc networks through specific flooding scheme. This lightweight protocol reduced the collisions on the network through specific mechanisms. Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) mechanism is widely used in ad hoc environment with Temporarily Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) in order to eliminate collisions and allow access to the shared medium through proposed authentication methods. Since GRP contains specific mechanism of directed acyclic Graph (DAG) mechanism to mitigate overhead problem, RTS/CTS modified TORA might result in similar performance metrics. In this paper, TORA protocol has a modification of new RTS/CTS mechanism and has been simulated in order to be compared with proposed lightweight robust forwarding GRP scheme in terms of specific performance metrics such as network throughput, end-to-end delay and message flooding rate over the network through OPNET simulation package in order to expose the optimal solution to increase overall network throughput in ad hoc environment. 展开更多
关键词 GRP TORA RTS/CTS Mechanism OPNET Simulation Throughput Robust Forwarding Scheme
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Track-Monitoring and Analyzing Machine Clearances during Wood Forwarding 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Marie-France Jones Mark Castonguay +1 位作者 Dirk Jaeger Paul Arp 《Open Journal of Forestry》 2018年第3期297-327,共31页
This article reports on track-monitoring and analyzing machine clearances during wood forwarding across seasons and weather, using ultrasonic distance sensors in combination with time-stamped GPS xy locations, at 10 s... This article reports on track-monitoring and analyzing machine clearances during wood forwarding across seasons and weather, using ultrasonic distance sensors in combination with time-stamped GPS xy locations, at 10 sec intervals. The resulting data, obtained from 54 harvesting blocks, were analyzed by machine type (two wood forwarders and one grapple skidder), stand type (softwood plantation versus natural hardwood stands), month, slope, cartographic depth-to-water (DTW) classes, number of passes along track, and machine speed. For the most part, clearances were highly variable, due to passing over stumps, rocks, harvest slash, brushmats, ruts, and snow cover when present. This variability was on average greater for the lighter-weight wood forwarders than for the heavier-weight skidder, with the former mostly moving along equally spaced lines on brushmats, while the paths of the latter spread away from central wood-landing sites. In terms of trends, machines moved 1) more slowly on wet ground, 2) faster during returning than forwarding, and 3) fastest along wood-landing roads, as to be expected. Low clearances were most notable during winter on snow-covered ground, and on non-frozen shallow DTW and wet multiple-pass ground. During dry weather conditions, clearances also increased from low-pass tracks to multi-pass tracks due to repeat soil compaction of broadened tracks. These results are presented block-by-block and by machine type. Each block-based clearance frequency pattern was quantified through regression analysis and using a gamma probability distribution function. 展开更多
关键词 Wood Forwarding GPS Tracks Clearance Frequencies Number of Passes Speed Ground Conditions Depth-to-Water (DTW)
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