Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)stands out as the most promising candidate for solar energy conversion owing to its easy preparation,metal-free nature,flexible molecular structure,moderate bandgap,and excellent thermal/...Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)stands out as the most promising candidate for solar energy conversion owing to its easy preparation,metal-free nature,flexible molecular structure,moderate bandgap,and excellent thermal/chemical stability.To enhance the performance of intrinsic g-CN,a supramolecular self-assembly strategy has been proposed to regulate the molecular structure of supramolecular precursors through non-covalent interactions across molecular building blocks,thereby optimizing the electronic structure of g-CN.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in supramolecular self-assembly-derived graphitic carbon nitride(SM-CN)from both experimental and theoretical computational research in synthesis strategies,including synthesis methods and influencing factors,providing a theoretical foundation for the design of supramolecular assembly.It also discusses modification strategies,such as internal modification of the conjugated plane,interlayer optimization,and construction of heterointerfaces to improve the electronic structure of SM-CN owing to its unique layered structure.This review further summarizes the applications of SM-CN in environment and energy,including wastewater treatment,sterilization and disinfection/air purification,water splitting,H2O2production,organic synthesis/biomass conversion,CO2reduction,photocatalytic coupling technology.Finally,perspectives and outlooks for the future development of SM-CN aim to inspire further innovation in the design and construction of high-performance SM-CN for broader applications.展开更多
In the present work,a facile strategy of synthesizing ultrathin nanosheets constructed N,S co-doped Fe3O4/C nanotubes via annealing the methyl orange-embedded Fe-glycerate nanotubes is reported.The nanosheet,con...In the present work,a facile strategy of synthesizing ultrathin nanosheets constructed N,S co-doped Fe3O4/C nanotubes via annealing the methyl orange-embedded Fe-glycerate nanotubes is reported.The nanosheet,constituting the wall of the nanotube,is formed by small Fe3O4 nanoparticles enchased highly graphitic carbon at a graphitization temperature as low as 450℃.The nanosheets constructed N,S co-doped Fe3O4/C nanotubes exhibited superior electrochemical performance due to the highly accelerated intercalation/deintercalation rate of Li+ ions resulting from the homogeneous N and S dopants,greatly buffered volume expansion resulting from the abundant micro/meso-pores and hieratical nanosheet organized nanotube structure,and the good conductivity resulting from the graphitic carbon coating.Density functional theory(DFT)verified that N,S doping can efficiently promote the adsorption of Li+ ions thus accelerated the intercalation/deintercalation rate of Li+ ions.展开更多
Conventional hard carbon anodes,despite their high sodium storage capacity,suffer from two major limitations:sluggish ion diffusion kinetics due to tortuous micropore networks and significant volume expansion arising ...Conventional hard carbon anodes,despite their high sodium storage capacity,suffer from two major limitations:sluggish ion diffusion kinetics due to tortuous micropore networks and significant volume expansion arising from disordered carbon structures.These inherent defects collectively compromise rate capability and cycling stability.Herein,we devise a graphene oxide(GO)-directed templating approach to architect zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF)-derived carbon into a hierarchical nanoflower superstructure with radially aligned meso/macroporous nanosheets.This superstructure integrates three synergistic features:three-dimensional interconnected channels and graphitic domains enabling fast ion/electron transport,radially aligned nanosheets maximizing electrode-electrolyte contact while accommodating volume expansion,and nitrogen-doped defect sites providing preferential redox-active centers for sodium storage.The optimized ZIF-9@GO-6 achieves a high specific capacity of 521.8 mAh·g-1at 0.05 A·g-1with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 89.2%,and retains a specific capacity of 298.2 mAh·g-1after 500 cycles.This GO-directed morphological engineering strategy effectively resolves the intrinsic trade-offs between porosity,conductivity,and structural stability in conventional hard carbon anodes,paving the way for scalable,high-performance sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Floquet engineering provides an emerging pathway for tailoring the electronic states of quantum materials through time-periodic drive.A critical step along this direction is achieving light-induced modifications of th...Floquet engineering provides an emerging pathway for tailoring the electronic states of quantum materials through time-periodic drive.A critical step along this direction is achieving light-induced modifications of the dynamical electronic structure,such as avoided-crossing gap at the Floquet Brillouin zone boundary,via efficient coupling of electrons with the coherent light-field.Here,we report robust Floquet-induced gap in bulk graphite that persists despite the presence of interlayer coupling and photo-excitation.Using time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with intense mid-infrared pumping,we directly reveal Floquet-induced gaps at resonance points both in the valence and conduction bands,accompanied by coherent Floquet sidebands.The gap and sidebands coexist with photo-excited carriers,yet their distinct timescales allow us to disentangle their origins.Our demonstration of robust Floquet-induced gaps establishes graphite as a platform for coherent manipulation of Dirac fermions and realization of light-engineered quantum phases.展开更多
The antagonism between porosity and graphitization critically limits carbon supercapacitor performance.Here,we demonstrate a structural engineering strategy that converts Sargentodoxa Cuneata residue(SCR)into hierarch...The antagonism between porosity and graphitization critically limits carbon supercapacitor performance.Here,we demonstrate a structural engineering strategy that converts Sargentodoxa Cuneata residue(SCR)into hierarchically porous graphitic carbons(SCR-HPCs).By precisely regulating biomass precursor porous architecture,this methodology decouples the antagonism between porosity development and graphitization progression in KOH-mediated activation,achieving simultaneous high specific surface area(2465.1 m2 g-1)and graphitization(ID/IG of 0.73).In 6 M KOH electrolyte,the specific capacitance of the optimized SCR-HPC-900 electrode reaches 415.6 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1,with a capacitance retention of 75.1%even at an ultra-high current density of 200 A g-1.The fabricated symmetric supercapacitor achieves an energy density of 8.5 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 37803 W kg-1,retaining over 100.8%of its capacitance after 100000 cycles.Remarkably,in 1 M TEABF4/PC organic electrolyte,the supercapacitor achieves maximum energy and power densities of 45.6 Wh kg-1 and 41750 W kg-1,respectively.This study presents an effective methodology for decoupling the antagonism between porosity and graphitization in conventional processes,offering a new idea for converting biomass waste into high-performance energy storage materials.展开更多
Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of mineral...Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.展开更多
The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction with peroxydisulfate(PDS)is a highly promising technology for the degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs).It does not require a light or heat source,has ...The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction with peroxydisulfate(PDS)is a highly promising technology for the degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs).It does not require a light or heat source,has a broader pH applicability,and does not cause secondary pollution or catalyst loss.In this study,we synthesized a highly dispersed Cu-doped graphitic carbon nitride catalyst(Cu/C3N4).Catalyst characterization results confirmed that the main pore size ranged from 0 to 4 nm,and Cu(Ⅰ)and Cu(Ⅱ)were highly uniformly dispersed onto the graphitic carbon nitride matrix.The Cu/C3N4 catalyst exhibited superior performance in activating PDS for paracetamol degradation under neutral pH conditions,achieving a catalytic efficiency of 7.82 L/(min·g-Cu).No obvious decrease in the paracetamol removal rate was observed over the eight successive cycles,indicating extraordinary reusability of the Cu/C3N4 catalyst.The removal efficiency of paracetamol in secondary effluent and river water was inhibited due to the influence of inorganic ions and organic matter,but approximately 80% paracetamol removal was still achieved in actual waters within 30 min.Radical quenching and electron spin-resonance spectroscopy results indicated that radical pathways(mainly SO4•−)and nonradical pathways(singlet oxygen and mediated electron transfer)were the main degradation mechanisms.The transformational products identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS were mainly p-nitrophenol,hydroquinone,p-benzoquinone,butanediol,and glycerol.This study provides insights into the performance and mechanisms of Cu/C3N4/PDS oxidation for paracetamol degradation,highlighting its potential for PPCPs removal and sustainable water reclamation.展开更多
Solvated-ion co-intercalation mechanism with high-rate capability properties makes graphite anode reconsider as optional anode for sodium-ion batteries and capacitors.The size effect has been widely investigated for v...Solvated-ion co-intercalation mechanism with high-rate capability properties makes graphite anode reconsider as optional anode for sodium-ion batteries and capacitors.The size effect has been widely investigated for various transition metal oxide materials,but such influences on the co-intercalation mechanism remain largely unexplored.In this study,natural graphite anodes with different particle sizes ranging from 25μm to 1.7μm for[Na(diglyme)x]+co-interaction are systematically investigated through detailed kinetics analysis and in-situ X-ray diffraction characterization.Importantly,we find that the reaction pathways of the co-intercalation and co-extraction are quite different.The reduced graphite size results in the loss of phase transitions during the co-extraction process and then the disappearance of the sharp anodic redox peak.The small-sized graphite anodes display boosted capacitor-like responses and provide additional surface adsorption with a slightly increased capacity.Finally,a hybrid sodium-ion capacitor(SIC),using graphite anode and activated carbon cathode,is assembled without complex presodiation treatments.Such optimized hybrid SICs deliver high energy densities of 60 Wh/kg at 240 W/kg and high power density of~16,000 W/kg with 32 Wh/kg,and ultralong 30,000 stable cycles.This work provides fundamental insights into the Na+-solvent co-intercalation mechanism with tunable capacitor-like kinetics,representing a promising direction for high-power sodium-ion storage.展开更多
Fluorine-doped reduced graphene oxide(FRGO)was synthesized from spent graphite(SG)by first producing reduced graphene oxide(RGO)via potassium permanganate-assisted oxidation and thermal reduction,followed by fluorinat...Fluorine-doped reduced graphene oxide(FRGO)was synthesized from spent graphite(SG)by first producing reduced graphene oxide(RGO)via potassium permanganate-assisted oxidation and thermal reduction,followed by fluorination with lithium hexafluorophosphate.The optimized material,FRGO-3,exhibited an expanded interlayer spacing of 0.375 nm,an ultrahigh specific surface area of 1433.86 m2·g-1,and a high fluorine doping content of 3.6%.Fluorine incorporation was predominantly achieved in semi-ionic and covalent C-F configurations.Owing to these structural and chemical characteristics,FRGO-3 demonstrated remarkable lithium storage performance,including a high reversible capacity of 1323 mAh·g-1 at 50 mA·g-1 and a retained capacity of 489 and 318 mAh·g-1 even at a high current density of 1000 and 2000 mA·g-1,along with excellent cycling stability.These results underscore its potential as an advanced anode material for highperformance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).This work presents an efficient and scalable approach for the regeneration of waste graphite while unlocking its promise for sustainable LIB applications.展开更多
Vacuum carbon thermal reduction has been widely studied for the recovery of ternary lithium batteries,and there are many choices for the type of carbon to be reduced in this method,such as expensive carbon nanotubes a...Vacuum carbon thermal reduction has been widely studied for the recovery of ternary lithium batteries,and there are many choices for the type of carbon to be reduced in this method,such as expensive carbon nanotubes and inexpensive battery anode carbon.In this paper,the vacuum reduction of ternary lithium batteries cathode materials by carbon nanotubes was investigated,and it was confirmed that carbon nanotubes,as a high-quality carbon with high carbon content and large specific surface area,can achieve very excellent reduction results.Using concentrated sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98%and H₂O₂with a concentration of 60%,swollen anode carbon as the reduced carbon,the direct yields of Li and Mn were above 99%at a vacuum of 10 Pa,a temperature of 1623 K,a pressurized material pressure of 0 MPa,and a roasting time of 90 min,similar to the effect of expensive carbon nanotubes,and the roasting time was lower than that of the unetched anode carbon.This process improves the reduction efficiency and saves energy consumption in vacuum carbothermal reduction of waste ternary lithium batteries cathode materials.展开更多
Lithium/fluorinated graphite(Li/CFx)primary batteries with great energy density advantages still struggle to realize large-scale applications,due to the sluggish cathode reaction kinetics accompanied by poor rate c...Lithium/fluorinated graphite(Li/CFx)primary batteries with great energy density advantages still struggle to realize large-scale applications,due to the sluggish cathode reaction kinetics accompanied by poor rate capability and power density.One key challenge arises from the inert electronic structure of CFxpredominated by covalent C–F bond,which results in poor intrinsic electronic conductivity.To address this issue,cathode surface activation engineering is proposed to modify CFxwith hybrid transitional metal oxide/carbon layer,which is derived by one-pot pyrolysis of structurally designable metallic ionic liquids(Bmim[MCln],M=Fe,Al,Cu,Zn,etc.).Generally,the presence of metal oxides induces generation of highly conductive semi-ionic C–F species,cooperating with abundant oxygen vacancies and carbon matrix to synergistically improve electronic/ionic conduction and accelerate CFxconversion kinetics,while the Bmim[FeCl4]-derived system is the optimal solution.As expected,the surface activated CFxcathode achieves nearly 4 times the power density(22,581 W/kg at 14 C)of pristine CFxand higher conversion depth.This metallic ionic liquid-derived surface activation design efficiently regulates the intrinsically inert electronic structure of CFxcathode,and widens its chemical design space of metal oxides as composite components,furthermore,providing a universal solution for electrodes faced with electronic conduction challenges.展开更多
Elucidating the synergistic influence mechanism of catalysts composition and pollutants structure on the treatment system is a necessary way to further expand the application potential of heterogeneous ironbased Fento...Elucidating the synergistic influence mechanism of catalysts composition and pollutants structure on the treatment system is a necessary way to further expand the application potential of heterogeneous ironbased Fenton-like technology in the field of water treatment from catalytic source and degradation end.In this study,a nitrogen-doped iron-carbon material(Fe-NC-4%)was synthesized to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to remove different organic pollutants,thus further exploring the synergistic effects of material and pollutant structures on degradation performance and mechanism.A combination of characterization analysis,experimental demonstration and density functional theory calculation showed that the more graphitic nitrogen in Fe-NC-4%assisted the Fe active centers to adsorb PMS more easily and further form the Fe-NC-4%-PMS*complex with high activity and stability.And the Fe-NC-4%-PMS*complex could efficiently and selectively degraded electron-donating organics by electron transfer process(ETP).The degradation rate of ofloxacin(OFL)with stronger electron-donating ability could reach 0.405 min-1in the Fe-NC-4%/PMS system.In addition,the Fe-NC-4%/PMS system possessed strong environmental adaptability,safety and practical application potential.This study would provide technical and theoretical guidance for the top-down analysis of specific reaction mechanisms in Fenton-like systems,including catalyst structure design,reactive species generation and selective pollutant degradation.展开更多
Simultaneous identification and quantitative detection of phenylenediamine(PDA)isomers,including o-phenylenediamine(OPD),m-phenylenediamine(MPD),and p-phenylenediamine(PPD),are essential for environmental risk assessm...Simultaneous identification and quantitative detection of phenylenediamine(PDA)isomers,including o-phenylenediamine(OPD),m-phenylenediamine(MPD),and p-phenylenediamine(PPD),are essential for environmental risk assessment and human health protection.However,current visual detection methods can only distinguish individual PDA isomers and failed to identify binary or ternary mixtures.Herein,a highly active and ultrastable peroxidase(POD)-like CoPt graphitic nanozyme was used for naked-eye identification and colorimetric/fluorescent(FL)dual-mode quantitative detection of PDA isomers.The CoPt@G nanozyme effectively catalyzed the oxidation of OPD,MPD,PPD,OPD+PPD,OPD+MPD,MPD+PPD and OPD+MPD+PPD into yellow,colorless,lilac,yellow,yellow,wine red and reddish-brown products,respectively,in the presence of H2O2.Thus,the MPD,PPD,MPD+PPD and OPD+MPD+PPD were easily identified based on the distinct color of their oxidation products,and the OPD,OPD+PPD,OPD+MPD could be further identified by the additional addition of MPD or PPD.Subsequently,CoPt@G/H2O2-,a 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)/CoPt@G/H2O2-,and MPD/CoPt@G/H2O2-enabled colorimetric/FL dual-mode platforms for the quantitative detection of OPD,MPD and PPD were proposed.The experimental results illustrated that the constructed sensing platforms exhibit satisfactory sensitivity,comparable to that reported in previous studies.Finally,the evaluation of PDAs in water samples was realized,yielding satisfactory recoveries.This work expanded the application prospects of nanozymes in assessing environmental risks and protection of human security.展开更多
The electrochemical stability of lithium-ion batteries strongly depends on the thickness of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on graphite anodes.Nevertheless,electrolyte decomposition at the anode surface,es...The electrochemical stability of lithium-ion batteries strongly depends on the thickness of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on graphite anodes.Nevertheless,electrolyte decomposition at the anode surface,espe-cially at 65℃,leads to uncontrolled SEI growth.We have designed a hybrid negative electrode by incorporating hard carbon(HC)into graphite to increase the surface work function,which effectively hinders electron escape,thereby reducing electrolyte reduction and inhibiting thick SEI formation at 65℃.The disordered structure of HC faciitates lithiumion diffusion and prevents lithium plating on the electrode surface.As a result,a hybrid negative electrode containing 50%HC has an especially high capacity(98 mAh/g)at 8 C and long cycle life at 0.5 C at room temperature.Further-more,in a full battery it has an excellent capacity(128.54 mAh/g)and stable floating charge for 144 h at 65℃.The electrode achieves a balance between high energy density and high-power density for lithium-ion batteries,thus maintaining stability even during a floating charge at a temperature of 65℃.This is attributed to the formation of a thinner and more robust SEI.This study provides a mechanistic understanding of how the electrode work function governs electrolyte decomposition and SEI evolution,offering a practical strategy for slowing the degradation of lithium-ion batteries at 65℃.展开更多
High-capacity SiOx/graphite(SiO/G)anodes offer great potential for advancing lithium-ion battery technology;however,their practical application is limited by low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and rapid capacity ...High-capacity SiOx/graphite(SiO/G)anodes offer great potential for advancing lithium-ion battery technology;however,their practical application is limited by low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and rapid capacity decay.These challenges primarily arise from unstable phase transitions and the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI).Prelithiation strategies that aimed at compensating lithium loss have emerged as an effective solution,showing significant advancements in both anode and cathode research.Nevertheless,the interfacial evolution and mechanisms underlying performance enhancement remain unclear.In this work,we demonstrate roll-to-roll contact prelithiation of SiO/G anodes using an ultrathin lithium film,resulting in improved ICE,cycling stability,and rate capability.The contact prelithiation mechanism of silicon-based anodes was investigated via a combination of in situ and ex situ characterizations alongside electrochemical analyses.These studies reveal that the formation of SEI contains multiple lithium silicate phases during the first cycle of prelithiation.This SEI exhibits enhanced conductivity and stability,which contribute to improved cycling performance and rate capability of the prelithiated anode.The prelithiated silicon-carbon composite anode achieved an ICE of 96%in 5.4 Ah pouch cell tests and demonstrated excellent capacity retention of 74%after 500 cycles.This study not only elucidates the critical role of interfacial evolution in SiOx/graphite anodes but also proposes a rational strategy based on phase-phase interface synergistic design for developing durable,highperformance silicon-based anodes suitable for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
In order to effectively prevent the contamination of carbon particle volatiles during high-purity SiC crystals are prepared using the physical vapor transport(PVT)method in ultra-high temperature environments(T≥2000...In order to effectively prevent the contamination of carbon particle volatiles during high-purity SiC crystals are prepared using the physical vapor transport(PVT)method in ultra-high temperature environments(T≥2000℃),this study innovatively attempts to protect graphite materials with SiC reinforced pyrolytic graphite(PyG)coating.It is discovered by preparing the SiC particle layer,the degree of graphitization and stability of PyG coating can be improved.The corrosion test results demonstrated that the SiC reinforced PyG coating can maintain an intact coating with a high graphitization degree after the SiC vapour corrosion test of 2050℃-120 h.Conversely,the samples with and without PyG coating reveal porous and eroded surfaces.Furthermore,following the SiC vapour corrosion test,the PyG coating sample’s integral ratio of D-band and G-band(ID/IG)of Raman spectrum test data,reduced by 6.5%,while the SiC reinforced PyG coating decreased by 17.2%,indicating its excellent corrosion resistance.The application of SiC reinforced pyrolytic graphite coating in preparing the SiC single crystal might received a theoretical foundation according to this work.展开更多
Carbon-based electrocatalysts have considerable potential for application in renewable and clean energy conversion systems.Although graphitic carbons have the advantages of high conductivity and electrolyte corrosion ...Carbon-based electrocatalysts have considerable potential for application in renewable and clean energy conversion systems.Although graphitic carbons have the advantages of high conductivity and electrolyte corrosion resistance,their sp2-hybridized skeleton often leads to poor porosity and insufficient intrinsic active sites,resulting in suboptimal catalytic activity for sluggish multi-electron redox reactions.Herein,we demonstrate an efficient strategy for the activation of lowactive graphitized carbon nanosheets by a thermal-driven nitrogen atom removal process.The elimination of nitrogen atoms at high temperatures facilitates the rearrangement of neighboring carbon atoms,leading to numerous carbon defects and an increased surface area,while retaining the long-range ordered graphitic structure.As a result,the asobtained defect-enriched porous graphitized carbon nanosheets(DPGCNSs)simultaneously combine abundant highly active intrinsic defects with a high graphitization degree and numerous micro/mesopores,demonstrating low overpotential and favorable kinetics for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions.Remarkably,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with DPGCNSs catalysts demonstrate superior cycling performance,exceeding 700 cycles with no obvious voltage fading.展开更多
Graphite and hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),despite their structural similarity,exhibit opposing electronic properties,namely,metallic conductivity and wide-bandgap insulation,respectively.In recent years,graphene-h-BN...Graphite and hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),despite their structural similarity,exhibit opposing electronic properties,namely,metallic conductivity and wide-bandgap insulation,respectively.In recent years,graphene-h-BN heterostructures have attracted significant research interest,with the resulting hybrid B-C-N atomic-layer systems exhibiting distinctive electronic properties.Notably,interface effects play a decisive role in governing the performance of these heterostructures.Nevertheless,owing to the lack of high-quality composites,the interfacial structure in B-C-N materials and the correlation with critical properties such as charge transport and band structure modulation are not fully clear.Here,we report the direct synthesis of a millimeter-sized hexagonal B-C-N composite via a solvent method under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.Structural characterization reveals that the synthesized B-C-N composite contains isolated graphite and h-BN.Compared with pure h-BN,the B-C-N composite has a narrower bandgap and shows a pronounced photoelectric response in the visible light region.More interestingly,we find a graphite-like B-C compound with a thickness of about 30 nm at the graphite-h-BN interface,which forms Schottky junctions with graphite,thus realizing rectification properties.Our findings provide a method for synthesizing highquality B-C-N composites and offer new insights into the structure of the graphite-h-BN interface.展开更多
Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has been widely applied in advanced oxidation processes based on persulfate(PS)for photocatalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants,yet it still suffers from limitations such as w...Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has been widely applied in advanced oxidation processes based on persulfate(PS)for photocatalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants,yet it still suffers from limitations such as weak redox capability,low electrical conductivity and severe charge recombination.In this study,via building a confined environment,the doped-C and nitrogen vacancy(Nv)were simultaneously introduced in g-C3N4through one-step calcination.Compared to CN-M derived from melamine,the urea-derived CN-U exhibits higher concentrations of doped-C and Nv,which leads to different band structures.The valence band(VB)and conduction band(CB)of CN-M shift more positively than those for CN-U,with the potential differences of VB and CB being 0.31 and 0.36 eV,respectively.As a result,a Z-type g-C3N4/g-C3N4homojunction(CN-UM)derived from the mixture of urea and melamine was constructed with the minimum resistance,the lowest charge recombination rate and the high redox capacity retained.The tetracycline degradation efficiency and degradation rate constant by CN-UM coupling with PS reach 99%and 0.08989 min-1,respectively,after irradiation for 60 min,along with the excellent cycling stability.The active species h+,·O2-,·OH and SO4·-play roles during the degradation process,with the contributions from h⁺and·O2-higher than those from·OH and SO4·-.展开更多
A novel carbon material with edge-dominant pyridinic nitrogen doping is synthesized from tannic acid(TA),an agricultural byproduct,using a quick and straightforward two-step microwave irradiation technique.Tris(2-amin...A novel carbon material with edge-dominant pyridinic nitrogen doping is synthesized from tannic acid(TA),an agricultural byproduct,using a quick and straightforward two-step microwave irradiation technique.Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine(TAEA)plays a dual role in this process,acting as a condensing agent for TA in the initial step and providing nitrogen for the pyridinic structure in the second step.This approach results in a distinctive carbon structure(C–TA/TAEA)characterized by enhanced graphitic features,fewer imperfections,and similar hydrophilicity.The edge pyridinic configuration lowers the desorption energy of V3+complexes and the deprotonation energy of VO2+complexes,thereby boosting the catalytic activity for vanadium ion redox reactions(VIRR)by influencing the rate-limiting steps of both positive and negative side VIRRs.When applied to commercial thermal-treated graphite felt(T-GF/[C-TA/TAEA]),the material demonstrates stable performance during vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB)single cell testing,even at 500 mA cm2,showing improved energy efficiency(EE)and discharge capacity compared to T-GF.Furthermore,when applied to pristine graphite felt(GF/[C–TA/TAEA]),the material maintains a 94.12%discharge capacity retention rate over 1000 cycles at 400 mA cm2,underscoring its potential as an eco-friendly,energy-efficient treatment method for producing VRFB electrodes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52271228)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-ZD-21)the Doctoral Dissertation Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Technology(No.101-252072301)。
摘要Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)stands out as the most promising candidate for solar energy conversion owing to its easy preparation,metal-free nature,flexible molecular structure,moderate bandgap,and excellent thermal/chemical stability.To enhance the performance of intrinsic g-CN,a supramolecular self-assembly strategy has been proposed to regulate the molecular structure of supramolecular precursors through non-covalent interactions across molecular building blocks,thereby optimizing the electronic structure of g-CN.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in supramolecular self-assembly-derived graphitic carbon nitride(SM-CN)from both experimental and theoretical computational research in synthesis strategies,including synthesis methods and influencing factors,providing a theoretical foundation for the design of supramolecular assembly.It also discusses modification strategies,such as internal modification of the conjugated plane,interlayer optimization,and construction of heterointerfaces to improve the electronic structure of SM-CN owing to its unique layered structure.This review further summarizes the applications of SM-CN in environment and energy,including wastewater treatment,sterilization and disinfection/air purification,water splitting,H2O2production,organic synthesis/biomass conversion,CO2reduction,photocatalytic coupling technology.Finally,perspectives and outlooks for the future development of SM-CN aim to inspire further innovation in the design and construction of high-performance SM-CN for broader applications.
基金supported by Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone Shenzhen Park Project(No.HZQBKCZYB-2020030)Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission via the Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515011402)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(Nos.GXWD20231130102735001 and ZDSYS20210616110000001)the Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen(No.XMHT20220103004).
摘要In the present work,a facile strategy of synthesizing ultrathin nanosheets constructed N,S co-doped Fe3O4/C nanotubes via annealing the methyl orange-embedded Fe-glycerate nanotubes is reported.The nanosheet,constituting the wall of the nanotube,is formed by small Fe3O4 nanoparticles enchased highly graphitic carbon at a graphitization temperature as low as 450℃.The nanosheets constructed N,S co-doped Fe3O4/C nanotubes exhibited superior electrochemical performance due to the highly accelerated intercalation/deintercalation rate of Li+ ions resulting from the homogeneous N and S dopants,greatly buffered volume expansion resulting from the abundant micro/meso-pores and hieratical nanosheet organized nanotube structure,and the good conductivity resulting from the graphitic carbon coating.Density functional theory(DFT)verified that N,S doping can efficiently promote the adsorption of Li+ ions thus accelerated the intercalation/deintercalation rate of Li+ ions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22478236)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province,China(No.202403021221146)。
摘要Conventional hard carbon anodes,despite their high sodium storage capacity,suffer from two major limitations:sluggish ion diffusion kinetics due to tortuous micropore networks and significant volume expansion arising from disordered carbon structures.These inherent defects collectively compromise rate capability and cycling stability.Herein,we devise a graphene oxide(GO)-directed templating approach to architect zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF)-derived carbon into a hierarchical nanoflower superstructure with radially aligned meso/macroporous nanosheets.This superstructure integrates three synergistic features:three-dimensional interconnected channels and graphitic domains enabling fast ion/electron transport,radially aligned nanosheets maximizing electrode-electrolyte contact while accommodating volume expansion,and nitrogen-doped defect sites providing preferential redox-active centers for sodium storage.The optimized ZIF-9@GO-6 achieves a high specific capacity of 521.8 mAh·g-1at 0.05 A·g-1with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 89.2%,and retains a specific capacity of 298.2 mAh·g-1after 500 cycles.This GO-directed morphological engineering strategy effectively resolves the intrinsic trade-offs between porosity,conductivity,and structural stability in conventional hard carbon anodes,paving the way for scalable,high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12234011,12421004,52388201,and 12327805)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(Grant No.20251080106)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
摘要Floquet engineering provides an emerging pathway for tailoring the electronic states of quantum materials through time-periodic drive.A critical step along this direction is achieving light-induced modifications of the dynamical electronic structure,such as avoided-crossing gap at the Floquet Brillouin zone boundary,via efficient coupling of electrons with the coherent light-field.Here,we report robust Floquet-induced gap in bulk graphite that persists despite the presence of interlayer coupling and photo-excitation.Using time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with intense mid-infrared pumping,we directly reveal Floquet-induced gaps at resonance points both in the valence and conduction bands,accompanied by coherent Floquet sidebands.The gap and sidebands coexist with photo-excited carriers,yet their distinct timescales allow us to disentangle their origins.Our demonstration of robust Floquet-induced gaps establishes graphite as a platform for coherent manipulation of Dirac fermions and realization of light-engineered quantum phases.
基金supported by the Hubei Natural Science Foundation(2022CFC012)。
摘要The antagonism between porosity and graphitization critically limits carbon supercapacitor performance.Here,we demonstrate a structural engineering strategy that converts Sargentodoxa Cuneata residue(SCR)into hierarchically porous graphitic carbons(SCR-HPCs).By precisely regulating biomass precursor porous architecture,this methodology decouples the antagonism between porosity development and graphitization progression in KOH-mediated activation,achieving simultaneous high specific surface area(2465.1 m2 g-1)and graphitization(ID/IG of 0.73).In 6 M KOH electrolyte,the specific capacitance of the optimized SCR-HPC-900 electrode reaches 415.6 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1,with a capacitance retention of 75.1%even at an ultra-high current density of 200 A g-1.The fabricated symmetric supercapacitor achieves an energy density of 8.5 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 37803 W kg-1,retaining over 100.8%of its capacitance after 100000 cycles.Remarkably,in 1 M TEABF4/PC organic electrolyte,the supercapacitor achieves maximum energy and power densities of 45.6 Wh kg-1 and 41750 W kg-1,respectively.This study presents an effective methodology for decoupling the antagonism between porosity and graphitization in conventional processes,offering a new idea for converting biomass waste into high-performance energy storage materials.
基金funded by geological survey project of China Geological Survey(DD20211404)。
摘要Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293440 and 52293442)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52100051)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.RCJC20221008092758099)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.ZDSYS20220606100806014).
摘要The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction with peroxydisulfate(PDS)is a highly promising technology for the degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs).It does not require a light or heat source,has a broader pH applicability,and does not cause secondary pollution or catalyst loss.In this study,we synthesized a highly dispersed Cu-doped graphitic carbon nitride catalyst(Cu/C3N4).Catalyst characterization results confirmed that the main pore size ranged from 0 to 4 nm,and Cu(Ⅰ)and Cu(Ⅱ)were highly uniformly dispersed onto the graphitic carbon nitride matrix.The Cu/C3N4 catalyst exhibited superior performance in activating PDS for paracetamol degradation under neutral pH conditions,achieving a catalytic efficiency of 7.82 L/(min·g-Cu).No obvious decrease in the paracetamol removal rate was observed over the eight successive cycles,indicating extraordinary reusability of the Cu/C3N4 catalyst.The removal efficiency of paracetamol in secondary effluent and river water was inhibited due to the influence of inorganic ions and organic matter,but approximately 80% paracetamol removal was still achieved in actual waters within 30 min.Radical quenching and electron spin-resonance spectroscopy results indicated that radical pathways(mainly SO4•−)and nonradical pathways(singlet oxygen and mediated electron transfer)were the main degradation mechanisms.The transformational products identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS were mainly p-nitrophenol,hydroquinone,p-benzoquinone,butanediol,and glycerol.This study provides insights into the performance and mechanisms of Cu/C3N4/PDS oxidation for paracetamol degradation,highlighting its potential for PPCPs removal and sustainable water reclamation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22179113 and 22479123)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20720230028)。
摘要Solvated-ion co-intercalation mechanism with high-rate capability properties makes graphite anode reconsider as optional anode for sodium-ion batteries and capacitors.The size effect has been widely investigated for various transition metal oxide materials,but such influences on the co-intercalation mechanism remain largely unexplored.In this study,natural graphite anodes with different particle sizes ranging from 25μm to 1.7μm for[Na(diglyme)x]+co-interaction are systematically investigated through detailed kinetics analysis and in-situ X-ray diffraction characterization.Importantly,we find that the reaction pathways of the co-intercalation and co-extraction are quite different.The reduced graphite size results in the loss of phase transitions during the co-extraction process and then the disappearance of the sharp anodic redox peak.The small-sized graphite anodes display boosted capacitor-like responses and provide additional surface adsorption with a slightly increased capacity.Finally,a hybrid sodium-ion capacitor(SIC),using graphite anode and activated carbon cathode,is assembled without complex presodiation treatments.Such optimized hybrid SICs deliver high energy densities of 60 Wh/kg at 240 W/kg and high power density of~16,000 W/kg with 32 Wh/kg,and ultralong 30,000 stable cycles.This work provides fundamental insights into the Na+-solvent co-intercalation mechanism with tunable capacitor-like kinetics,representing a promising direction for high-power sodium-ion storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274261,52304284,and 52474290)the Outstanding Youth Fund Project of Henan Province(No.252300421011)+1 种基金the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(Nos.242102240008,212102310564)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(Nos.24A440003,22A430022)623。
摘要Fluorine-doped reduced graphene oxide(FRGO)was synthesized from spent graphite(SG)by first producing reduced graphene oxide(RGO)via potassium permanganate-assisted oxidation and thermal reduction,followed by fluorination with lithium hexafluorophosphate.The optimized material,FRGO-3,exhibited an expanded interlayer spacing of 0.375 nm,an ultrahigh specific surface area of 1433.86 m2·g-1,and a high fluorine doping content of 3.6%.Fluorine incorporation was predominantly achieved in semi-ionic and covalent C-F configurations.Owing to these structural and chemical characteristics,FRGO-3 demonstrated remarkable lithium storage performance,including a high reversible capacity of 1323 mAh·g-1 at 50 mA·g-1 and a retained capacity of 489 and 318 mAh·g-1 even at a high current density of 1000 and 2000 mA·g-1,along with excellent cycling stability.These results underscore its potential as an advanced anode material for highperformance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).This work presents an efficient and scalable approach for the regeneration of waste graphite while unlocking its promise for sustainable LIB applications.
基金supported by the Yunnan Nonferrous Metal Vacuum Metallurgy Top Team[grant number 202305AS350012].
摘要Vacuum carbon thermal reduction has been widely studied for the recovery of ternary lithium batteries,and there are many choices for the type of carbon to be reduced in this method,such as expensive carbon nanotubes and inexpensive battery anode carbon.In this paper,the vacuum reduction of ternary lithium batteries cathode materials by carbon nanotubes was investigated,and it was confirmed that carbon nanotubes,as a high-quality carbon with high carbon content and large specific surface area,can achieve very excellent reduction results.Using concentrated sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98%and H₂O₂with a concentration of 60%,swollen anode carbon as the reduced carbon,the direct yields of Li and Mn were above 99%at a vacuum of 10 Pa,a temperature of 1623 K,a pressurized material pressure of 0 MPa,and a roasting time of 90 min,similar to the effect of expensive carbon nanotubes,and the roasting time was lower than that of the unetched anode carbon.This process improves the reduction efficiency and saves energy consumption in vacuum carbothermal reduction of waste ternary lithium batteries cathode materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22279077,U2030206,22479093)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.22ZR1424500).
摘要Lithium/fluorinated graphite(Li/CFx)primary batteries with great energy density advantages still struggle to realize large-scale applications,due to the sluggish cathode reaction kinetics accompanied by poor rate capability and power density.One key challenge arises from the inert electronic structure of CFxpredominated by covalent C–F bond,which results in poor intrinsic electronic conductivity.To address this issue,cathode surface activation engineering is proposed to modify CFxwith hybrid transitional metal oxide/carbon layer,which is derived by one-pot pyrolysis of structurally designable metallic ionic liquids(Bmim[MCln],M=Fe,Al,Cu,Zn,etc.).Generally,the presence of metal oxides induces generation of highly conductive semi-ionic C–F species,cooperating with abundant oxygen vacancies and carbon matrix to synergistically improve electronic/ionic conduction and accelerate CFxconversion kinetics,while the Bmim[FeCl4]-derived system is the optimal solution.As expected,the surface activated CFxcathode achieves nearly 4 times the power density(22,581 W/kg at 14 C)of pristine CFxand higher conversion depth.This metallic ionic liquid-derived surface activation design efficiently regulates the intrinsically inert electronic structure of CFxcathode,and widens its chemical design space of metal oxides as composite components,furthermore,providing a universal solution for electrodes faced with electronic conduction challenges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070121 and U22A20423)supported by the Taishan Scholars Foundation of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202312039)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20240813101101002)。
摘要Elucidating the synergistic influence mechanism of catalysts composition and pollutants structure on the treatment system is a necessary way to further expand the application potential of heterogeneous ironbased Fenton-like technology in the field of water treatment from catalytic source and degradation end.In this study,a nitrogen-doped iron-carbon material(Fe-NC-4%)was synthesized to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to remove different organic pollutants,thus further exploring the synergistic effects of material and pollutant structures on degradation performance and mechanism.A combination of characterization analysis,experimental demonstration and density functional theory calculation showed that the more graphitic nitrogen in Fe-NC-4%assisted the Fe active centers to adsorb PMS more easily and further form the Fe-NC-4%-PMS*complex with high activity and stability.And the Fe-NC-4%-PMS*complex could efficiently and selectively degraded electron-donating organics by electron transfer process(ETP).The degradation rate of ofloxacin(OFL)with stronger electron-donating ability could reach 0.405 min-1in the Fe-NC-4%/PMS system.In addition,the Fe-NC-4%/PMS system possessed strong environmental adaptability,safety and practical application potential.This study would provide technical and theoretical guidance for the top-down analysis of specific reaction mechanisms in Fenton-like systems,including catalyst structure design,reactive species generation and selective pollutant degradation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2403500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22225401)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2020RC4017)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(No.ZK[2023]293).
摘要Simultaneous identification and quantitative detection of phenylenediamine(PDA)isomers,including o-phenylenediamine(OPD),m-phenylenediamine(MPD),and p-phenylenediamine(PPD),are essential for environmental risk assessment and human health protection.However,current visual detection methods can only distinguish individual PDA isomers and failed to identify binary or ternary mixtures.Herein,a highly active and ultrastable peroxidase(POD)-like CoPt graphitic nanozyme was used for naked-eye identification and colorimetric/fluorescent(FL)dual-mode quantitative detection of PDA isomers.The CoPt@G nanozyme effectively catalyzed the oxidation of OPD,MPD,PPD,OPD+PPD,OPD+MPD,MPD+PPD and OPD+MPD+PPD into yellow,colorless,lilac,yellow,yellow,wine red and reddish-brown products,respectively,in the presence of H2O2.Thus,the MPD,PPD,MPD+PPD and OPD+MPD+PPD were easily identified based on the distinct color of their oxidation products,and the OPD,OPD+PPD,OPD+MPD could be further identified by the additional addition of MPD or PPD.Subsequently,CoPt@G/H2O2-,a 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)/CoPt@G/H2O2-,and MPD/CoPt@G/H2O2-enabled colorimetric/FL dual-mode platforms for the quantitative detection of OPD,MPD and PPD were proposed.The experimental results illustrated that the constructed sensing platforms exhibit satisfactory sensitivity,comparable to that reported in previous studies.Finally,the evaluation of PDAs in water samples was realized,yielding satisfactory recoveries.This work expanded the application prospects of nanozymes in assessing environmental risks and protection of human security.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(2022YFF0609802,2022YFF0609801)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021222485,202403021222486)Talent Projects for Outstanding Doctoral Students to Work in Shanxi Province(2023SHB002)。
摘要The electrochemical stability of lithium-ion batteries strongly depends on the thickness of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on graphite anodes.Nevertheless,electrolyte decomposition at the anode surface,espe-cially at 65℃,leads to uncontrolled SEI growth.We have designed a hybrid negative electrode by incorporating hard carbon(HC)into graphite to increase the surface work function,which effectively hinders electron escape,thereby reducing electrolyte reduction and inhibiting thick SEI formation at 65℃.The disordered structure of HC faciitates lithiumion diffusion and prevents lithium plating on the electrode surface.As a result,a hybrid negative electrode containing 50%HC has an especially high capacity(98 mAh/g)at 8 C and long cycle life at 0.5 C at room temperature.Further-more,in a full battery it has an excellent capacity(128.54 mAh/g)and stable floating charge for 144 h at 65℃.The electrode achieves a balance between high energy density and high-power density for lithium-ion batteries,thus maintaining stability even during a floating charge at a temperature of 65℃.This is attributed to the formation of a thinner and more robust SEI.This study provides a mechanistic understanding of how the electrode work function governs electrolyte decomposition and SEI evolution,offering a practical strategy for slowing the degradation of lithium-ion batteries at 65℃.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U24A2043 and U22A20119)。
摘要High-capacity SiOx/graphite(SiO/G)anodes offer great potential for advancing lithium-ion battery technology;however,their practical application is limited by low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and rapid capacity decay.These challenges primarily arise from unstable phase transitions and the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI).Prelithiation strategies that aimed at compensating lithium loss have emerged as an effective solution,showing significant advancements in both anode and cathode research.Nevertheless,the interfacial evolution and mechanisms underlying performance enhancement remain unclear.In this work,we demonstrate roll-to-roll contact prelithiation of SiO/G anodes using an ultrathin lithium film,resulting in improved ICE,cycling stability,and rate capability.The contact prelithiation mechanism of silicon-based anodes was investigated via a combination of in situ and ex situ characterizations alongside electrochemical analyses.These studies reveal that the formation of SEI contains multiple lithium silicate phases during the first cycle of prelithiation.This SEI exhibits enhanced conductivity and stability,which contribute to improved cycling performance and rate capability of the prelithiated anode.The prelithiated silicon-carbon composite anode achieved an ICE of 96%in 5.4 Ah pouch cell tests and demonstrated excellent capacity retention of 74%after 500 cycles.This study not only elucidates the critical role of interfacial evolution in SiOx/graphite anodes but also proposes a rational strategy based on phase-phase interface synergistic design for developing durable,highperformance silicon-based anodes suitable for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
基金Project(U19A2099)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
摘要In order to effectively prevent the contamination of carbon particle volatiles during high-purity SiC crystals are prepared using the physical vapor transport(PVT)method in ultra-high temperature environments(T≥2000℃),this study innovatively attempts to protect graphite materials with SiC reinforced pyrolytic graphite(PyG)coating.It is discovered by preparing the SiC particle layer,the degree of graphitization and stability of PyG coating can be improved.The corrosion test results demonstrated that the SiC reinforced PyG coating can maintain an intact coating with a high graphitization degree after the SiC vapour corrosion test of 2050℃-120 h.Conversely,the samples with and without PyG coating reveal porous and eroded surfaces.Furthermore,following the SiC vapour corrosion test,the PyG coating sample’s integral ratio of D-band and G-band(ID/IG)of Raman spectrum test data,reduced by 6.5%,while the SiC reinforced PyG coating decreased by 17.2%,indicating its excellent corrosion resistance.The application of SiC reinforced pyrolytic graphite coating in preparing the SiC single crystal might received a theoretical foundation according to this work.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFF0500600 and 2021YFA1202802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52472058,22479087 and 52203298)+2 种基金Guangdong Province Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant Nos.2024B1515020092 and 2024B1515020023)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(Grant No.2023ZT10L039)Shenzhen Science and Tech-nology Program(Grant No.KQTD20240729102048053).
摘要Carbon-based electrocatalysts have considerable potential for application in renewable and clean energy conversion systems.Although graphitic carbons have the advantages of high conductivity and electrolyte corrosion resistance,their sp2-hybridized skeleton often leads to poor porosity and insufficient intrinsic active sites,resulting in suboptimal catalytic activity for sluggish multi-electron redox reactions.Herein,we demonstrate an efficient strategy for the activation of lowactive graphitized carbon nanosheets by a thermal-driven nitrogen atom removal process.The elimination of nitrogen atoms at high temperatures facilitates the rearrangement of neighboring carbon atoms,leading to numerous carbon defects and an increased surface area,while retaining the long-range ordered graphitic structure.As a result,the asobtained defect-enriched porous graphitized carbon nanosheets(DPGCNSs)simultaneously combine abundant highly active intrinsic defects with a high graphitization degree and numerous micro/mesopores,demonstrating low overpotential and favorable kinetics for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions.Remarkably,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with DPGCNSs catalysts demonstrate superior cycling performance,exceeding 700 cycles with no obvious voltage fading.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406200)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2032215)+1 种基金Jilin Province Major Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.20240211002GX)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(Grant No.SKL202402004).
摘要Graphite and hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),despite their structural similarity,exhibit opposing electronic properties,namely,metallic conductivity and wide-bandgap insulation,respectively.In recent years,graphene-h-BN heterostructures have attracted significant research interest,with the resulting hybrid B-C-N atomic-layer systems exhibiting distinctive electronic properties.Notably,interface effects play a decisive role in governing the performance of these heterostructures.Nevertheless,owing to the lack of high-quality composites,the interfacial structure in B-C-N materials and the correlation with critical properties such as charge transport and band structure modulation are not fully clear.Here,we report the direct synthesis of a millimeter-sized hexagonal B-C-N composite via a solvent method under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.Structural characterization reveals that the synthesized B-C-N composite contains isolated graphite and h-BN.Compared with pure h-BN,the B-C-N composite has a narrower bandgap and shows a pronounced photoelectric response in the visible light region.More interestingly,we find a graphite-like B-C compound with a thickness of about 30 nm at the graphite-h-BN interface,which forms Schottky junctions with graphite,thus realizing rectification properties.Our findings provide a method for synthesizing highquality B-C-N composites and offer new insights into the structure of the graphite-h-BN interface.
基金Project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,China。
摘要Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has been widely applied in advanced oxidation processes based on persulfate(PS)for photocatalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants,yet it still suffers from limitations such as weak redox capability,low electrical conductivity and severe charge recombination.In this study,via building a confined environment,the doped-C and nitrogen vacancy(Nv)were simultaneously introduced in g-C3N4through one-step calcination.Compared to CN-M derived from melamine,the urea-derived CN-U exhibits higher concentrations of doped-C and Nv,which leads to different band structures.The valence band(VB)and conduction band(CB)of CN-M shift more positively than those for CN-U,with the potential differences of VB and CB being 0.31 and 0.36 eV,respectively.As a result,a Z-type g-C3N4/g-C3N4homojunction(CN-UM)derived from the mixture of urea and melamine was constructed with the minimum resistance,the lowest charge recombination rate and the high redox capacity retained.The tetracycline degradation efficiency and degradation rate constant by CN-UM coupling with PS reach 99%and 0.08989 min-1,respectively,after irradiation for 60 min,along with the excellent cycling stability.The active species h+,·O2-,·OH and SO4·-play roles during the degradation process,with the contributions from h⁺and·O2-higher than those from·OH and SO4·-.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2025-00558982 and 2020R1C1C1010386).
摘要A novel carbon material with edge-dominant pyridinic nitrogen doping is synthesized from tannic acid(TA),an agricultural byproduct,using a quick and straightforward two-step microwave irradiation technique.Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine(TAEA)plays a dual role in this process,acting as a condensing agent for TA in the initial step and providing nitrogen for the pyridinic structure in the second step.This approach results in a distinctive carbon structure(C–TA/TAEA)characterized by enhanced graphitic features,fewer imperfections,and similar hydrophilicity.The edge pyridinic configuration lowers the desorption energy of V3+complexes and the deprotonation energy of VO2+complexes,thereby boosting the catalytic activity for vanadium ion redox reactions(VIRR)by influencing the rate-limiting steps of both positive and negative side VIRRs.When applied to commercial thermal-treated graphite felt(T-GF/[C-TA/TAEA]),the material demonstrates stable performance during vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB)single cell testing,even at 500 mA cm2,showing improved energy efficiency(EE)and discharge capacity compared to T-GF.Furthermore,when applied to pristine graphite felt(GF/[C–TA/TAEA]),the material maintains a 94.12%discharge capacity retention rate over 1000 cycles at 400 mA cm2,underscoring its potential as an eco-friendly,energy-efficient treatment method for producing VRFB electrodes.