In this paper,we present local functional law of the iterated logarithm for Cs?rg?-Révész type increments of fractional Brownian motion.The results obtained extend works of Gantert[Ann.Probab.,1993,21(2):104...In this paper,we present local functional law of the iterated logarithm for Cs?rg?-Révész type increments of fractional Brownian motion.The results obtained extend works of Gantert[Ann.Probab.,1993,21(2):1045-1049]and Monrad and Rootzén[Probab.Theory Related Fields,1995,101(2):173-192].展开更多
The prediction of rock failure,a key fundamental research for addressing mining safety issues(such as mine slope stability and rockburst),faces challenges with traditional methods due to their complex generalization a...The prediction of rock failure,a key fundamental research for addressing mining safety issues(such as mine slope stability and rockburst),faces challenges with traditional methods due to their complex generalization and computational processes that struggle to describe the entire failure process.Consequently,12 prediction models integrating ensemble learning and optimization algorithms were established to predict rock peak stress and failure time using strain,elastic modulus,density,mass,and confining pressure as inputs.Fivefold cross-validation was used to optimize hyperparameters,significantly improving the model's generalization ability,robustness,and stability.Dataset was established through rock mechanics experiments,with strain increments configured at 0.008‰,0.01‰,and 0.012‰ in the test set.The cross-validation optimized particle swarm optimization eXtreme gradient boosting(CV-PSO-XGBoost)model performed best under a strain increment of 0.01‰,and its stress prediction achieved coefficient of determination R2=0.904,mean absolute error(MAE)=4.315,and root mean square error(RMSE)=5.435;while the failure time prediction demonstrated R2=0.811,mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)=7.842%,and MAE=30.343.Finally,SHapley Additive explanations(SHAP)analysis showed strain and stress significantly impact the model,with strain positively predicting failure time,aligning with traditional rock validating reliability.This study provides insights into the research on rock strata stability in mining.展开更多
A relationship was discovered between the amplification factor and the number of load increments that are needed to limit the relative error to one percent in second-order elastic analyses with a predictor-corrector s...A relationship was discovered between the amplification factor and the number of load increments that are needed to limit the relative error to one percent in second-order elastic analyses with a predictor-corrector solution scheme.Previous research by the authors proposed a design equation to determine the required minimum number of load increments based on an evaluation of the elastic critical buckling load ratio.Further research has shown that an approximate amplification factor equation that is based on the B2 multiplier equation produces similar results when the amplification factor is less than approximately four.Eleven moment frames are used to verify the use of the new approximate amplification factor in the proposed design equation.展开更多
Landfalling tropical cyclones(LTCs)undergo rapid structural adjustments and complex nonlinear interactions in coastal regions,making short-term prediction of heavy rainfall and damaging winds particularly challenging....Landfalling tropical cyclones(LTCs)undergo rapid structural adjustments and complex nonlinear interactions in coastal regions,making short-term prediction of heavy rainfall and damaging winds particularly challenging.Conventional intermittent data assimilation often introduces dynamical imbalances into the analysis fields,which may further deteriorate subsequent forecasts.This study investigates the landfall process of Typhoon Bebinca(2024)and systematically evaluates a set of ensemble-based assimilation experiments conducted within an Incremental Analysis Update(IAU)framework,incorporating multiple observation types,including radar reflectivity,Doppler radial velocity,and surface measurements.The results show that the IAU technique,through the gradual application of analysis increments within a four-dimensional time window,effectively suppresses initialization shocks,alleviates spurious dynamical imbalance,and preserves flowdependent coordination.The IAU-based framework efficiently retains observational information,optimizes vortex structure,intensifies the warm core,and promotes the formation of a vertically coherent subsidence column within the eye region,thereby strengthening the secondary circulation.In addition,the IAU scheme also helps establish a more consolidated and axisymmetric moisture core,accompanied by a sea-level pressure field with smoother and dynamically coherent gradient structures,indicating a more physically balanced thermodynamic–dynamic coupling.These balanced analyses translate into more accurate forecasts of track,intensity evolution,and landfall-induced precipitation.Overall,the IAU-enhanced ensemble assimilation system substantially improves the physical consistency of storm analyses and significantly increases the short-term predictability of LTC track,rainfall,and wind hazards over coastal urban regions.展开更多
Climate warming has reshaped the structure and function of global boreal forest with expected negative impacts at its southern margins.A warming hiatus has occurred in many high-latitude regions in recent decades,but ...Climate warming has reshaped the structure and function of global boreal forest with expected negative impacts at its southern margins.A warming hiatus has occurred in many high-latitude regions in recent decades,but its impacts on tree growth in the southern boreal forest remain unclear.We sampled tree rings of Dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii)in the southern boreal forest of the Greater Khingan Mountains(GKM)and examined the trends of tree growth and its temporal stability based on the age-detrended basal area increment(BAI)for the periods of rapid warming(1962-1992)and warming hiatus(1993-2022).The results indicate that age-detrended BAI declined significantly during the warming period,while it showed no further decrease during the period of warming hiatus.Tree growth decline was associated with higher daily maximum air temperature in the main growing season and daily minimum air temperature in the non-growing season,as well as lower precipitation in the early growing season and daily minimum air temperature in the main growing season.During the warming hiatus,tree growth was positively regulated by the precipitation in the non-growing season,daily maximum air temperature in the early growing season,and daily minimum air temperature in the main growing season,but negatively affected by the daily maximum air temperature in the late growing season.Intriguingly,tree growth stability declined significantly during the warming period and recovered rapidly during the period of warming hiatus.The decline in tree growth stability was mainly explained by increasing daily minimum air temperature in the non-growing season.The recovery of tree growth stability was associated with lower precipitation in the non-growing season,higher interannual stability of daily maximum air temperature in the early growing season,higher interannual mean value and stability of daily maximum air temperature in the late growing season,and lower interannual mean value and stability of daily minimum air temperature in the main growing season.Our findings highlight a rapid recovery of tree growth stability instead of growth rate during the warming hiatus following a period of rapid warming and provide new insights into the decadal-scale resilience of the southern boreal forest in response to climate change.展开更多
The operational Tropical Regional Atmospheric Model System(TRAMS)often underestimates initial typhoon intensity when using the global analysis field as the initial condition.The TRAMS tropical cyclone(TC)initializatio...The operational Tropical Regional Atmospheric Model System(TRAMS)often underestimates initial typhoon intensity when using the global analysis field as the initial condition.The TRAMS tropical cyclone(TC)initialization scheme,developed based on the incremental analysis updates(IAU)technique,effectively reduces initial bias.However,the original IAU-based TC initialization scheme only adjusts the wind field at the analysis moment,with other variables adjusted implicitly under the model's constraints according to a gradually inserted wind increment(named“univariate adjustment scheme”hereafter).The univariate adjustment scheme requires approximately 3 h to reach a dynamic equilibrium state,which constrains the assimilation of hourly TC observations and causes excessive dissipation of meaningful short-wave information in adjustment increments.To address this limitation,this study develops a multivariate adjustment IAU-based TC initialization scheme that incorporates gradient wind balance and hydrostatic balance as its largescale constraints.Numerical experiments with TC Hato(2017)demonstrate that the multivariate adjustment scheme reduces the IAU relaxation time to 1 h while marginally improving forecast skill.These findings are consistently replicated across 12 additional TC cases.The development of the IAU-based multivariate adjustment initialization scheme establishes a foundation for 4-D initialization using hourly TC observations.展开更多
The emerging sixth-generation networks demand ultra-high-speed wideband transmissions.In this context,this study proposes a novel Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)-aided Incremental Relaying(IR)scheme that combi...The emerging sixth-generation networks demand ultra-high-speed wideband transmissions.In this context,this study proposes a novel Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)-aided Incremental Relaying(IR)scheme that combines the complementary benefits of RISs and relay systems to enhance the achievable rate.In the proposed system,a relay is exploited to retransmit the source signal when the destination fails to decode the RIS-aided signal correctly.To assess the system performance,we analytically derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability and throughput of the RIS-aided IR scheme,using the central limit theorem.Simulation results validate the analytical findings and reveal that the proposed RIS-aided IR scheme significantly outperforms the conventional pure RIS and hybrid RIS-relay schemes in terms of both outage probability and throughput,highlighting its potential for improving communication-system performance.展开更多
Necking evolution of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy under high-temperature tension at low strain rates is a typical non-uniform deformation with significant strain-rate gradients.Accurately predicting this process contributes...Necking evolution of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy under high-temperature tension at low strain rates is a typical non-uniform deformation with significant strain-rate gradients.Accurately predicting this process contributes to revealing materials’flow behavior during non-uniform and large plastic deformation.In this work,tensile tests conducted at 700°C and microstructure characterization indicate that the flow behavior of Ti6Al4V exhibits pronounced strain-rate sensitivity and dynamic recrystallization-induced strain softening.Employing a hybrid experimental-numerical strategy,a physically based model is validated as an effective approach for extrapolating post-necking flow stress curves.Subsequently,two phenomenological models are calibrated using these flow stress curves.By deriving the stress updating algorithms in an implicit finite element method,three visco-plastic models are utilized to simulate tension processes with necking evolution.The results suggest that the physically based model predicts tensile necking processes more accurately compared to phenomenological models,despite using similar flow stress curves.The necking evolution simulated by phenomenological models is notably retarded due to the lack of strain-rate history effects.In contrast,the physically based model,which records the strain-rate history,predicts lower flow stress in the necking center but higher flow stress in regions farther from the center,thereby promoting necking localization.Besides,large time increments in simulations fail to capture strain-rate gradients in necking regions,and a recommended time increment is provided to ensure stable simulations of necking evolution.展开更多
Deformations in high fill foundations comprising soil–stone mixtures must be accurately predicted to ensure construction quality and long-term operational safety.However,existing computational and analytical methods ...Deformations in high fill foundations comprising soil–stone mixtures must be accurately predicted to ensure construction quality and long-term operational safety.However,existing computational and analytical methods inadequately capture their complex mechanical behavior.We conducted a series of triaxial tests on unsaturated soil samples collected from a high fill project site in northwestern China under three stress paths.The incremental nonlinear and elastoplastic constitutive models for unsaturated soils were modified,and a calculation method was developed for the vertical and lateral deformations of high fill foundations using the layered summation approach.The results indicate that for soil samples with the same mixing ratio(m)and compaction coefficient(n),the strength of the sample and its tendency to exhibit shear dilation increase with the net confining pressure or matric suction.Additionally,the stress–strain curve of the soil sample gradually changes from the strain-hardening type to the ideal elastoplastic type as the compaction coefficient increases.Moreover,the compaction coefficient is an important factor influencing the magnitude of yield stress and yield suction in soil samples,and the yield points of both are similar in shape to the loadingcollapse(LC)and suction increase(SI)yield lines obtained using the Barcelona model in the net mean stress-generalized shear stress(p-s)plane,respectively.The modified incremental nonlinear instantaneous model simultaneously considers the effects of the compaction coefficient,suction and mixing ratio,and the model parameter can be simplified to the tangential modulus expression in the Duncan-Chang model when the suction is zero.Furthermore,the modified elastoplastic constitutive model,which considers the effects of the net mean stress,suction and partial stress,can be simplified to the elastoplastic constitutive relationship of saturated soil when the suction is zero.The proposed deformation calculation method,based on the layered summation theory,is applicable to both elastic and elastoplastic foundation states,as confirmed through numerical simulations.Our work can be used as a reference for the calculation of foundation deformation in similar mixed material high fill projects.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a general form of the increments for a two-parameter Wiener process. Both the Csorgo-Revesz's increments and a class of the lag increments are the special cases of this general form of i...In this paper, we consider a general form of the increments for a two-parameter Wiener process. Both the Csorgo-Revesz's increments and a class of the lag increments are the special cases of this general form of increments. Our results imply the theorem that have been given by Csorgo and Revesz (1978), and some of their conditions are removed.展开更多
In practical industrial environments,the data distribution of rotating machinery drifts as operating conditions vary,causing a marked deterioration in the performance of traditional fault diagnosis methods that rely o...In practical industrial environments,the data distribution of rotating machinery drifts as operating conditions vary,causing a marked deterioration in the performance of traditional fault diagnosis methods that rely on the assumption of identical distributions.Incremental learning provides a promising pathway to address dynamic operating conditions.However,existing approaches typically depend on replaying historical data and still struggle to strike a balance between stability and plasticity.To overcome these limitations,this paper proposes a dual-component elastic adaptive network(DCEAN)designed for incremental fault diagnosis of rotating machinery under varying working conditions.The proposed framework operates without access to previous data and simultaneously achieves knowledge retention and feature correction.Specifically,a sensitive parameter constraint(SPC)mechanism is introduced to curb excessive updates to parameters identified as critical,thereby stabilizing previously learned knowledge.In parallel,a feature drift self-calibration(FDSC)mechanism is employed to estimate and compensate for distribution shifts induced by condition variations,promoting consistency of feature representations across domains.Through the coordinated action of these two mechanisms,DCEAN establishes an incremental learning paradigm that harmonizes stability with adaptability.Two case studies demonstrate that the proposed method delivers superior diagnostic performance in variable operating environments,underscoring its robustness and effectiveness.展开更多
This paper conducts an empirical study on students'code modification behaviors in incremental programming projects by analyzing 40771 code submissions from 371 students through abstract syntax tree(AST)difference ...This paper conducts an empirical study on students'code modification behaviors in incremental programming projects by analyzing 40771 code submissions from 371 students through abstract syntax tree(AST)difference analysis and manual annotation.The study investigates the distribution of code modification types to prior-phase code during iterative development,identifies cross-phase error types,and analyzes refactoring strategies.The findings reveal that error correction and code refactoring constitute the primary types of cross-phase code modifications.Among cross-phase latent errors,special case neglect represents the dominant error type,indicating insufficient coverage of special scenarios in existing test suites.Variable renaming emerges as the most prevalent refactoring behavior,reflecting students'emphasis on code readability.These research findings provide empirical evidence for optimizing incremental curriculum design,improving test cases,and cultivating students'code maintenance capabilities in programming education.展开更多
超高韧性水泥基材料(ultra high toughness cementitious composites,UHTCC)耐损伤能力强、裂缝控制能力好,具有超高的受压韧性及显著的受拉应变硬化特性。为提升钢框架结构的抗侧性能,分别将装配式RC、UHTCC抗侧力墙作为钢框架结构的...超高韧性水泥基材料(ultra high toughness cementitious composites,UHTCC)耐损伤能力强、裂缝控制能力好,具有超高的受压韧性及显著的受拉应变硬化特性。为提升钢框架结构的抗侧性能,分别将装配式RC、UHTCC抗侧力墙作为钢框架结构的抗侧力构件,进行足尺钢框架(STF)、钢框架-附加装配式RC抗侧力墙(SRCW)和钢框架-附加装配式UHTCC抗侧力墙(SHTCW)试件低周往复加载试验,对上述试件破坏模式、滞回性能、刚度、承载力、变形能力、应变及耗能性能等进行研究。试验表明,试件SHTCW、SRCW的峰值承载力相比于试件STF分别提高了25%和13%,抗侧力墙材料抗压强度值相近的情况下,试件SHTCW的峰值承载力较试件SRCW提高15%。相同加载位移角下,试件SHTCW的抗侧刚度及等效黏滞阻尼系数高于试件SRCW和STF,相比于RC抗侧力墙,UHTCC抗侧力墙具有更优异的抗侧性能及耗能能力,其与钢框架的变形协调能力更好。在试验研究基础上,采用OpenSees有限元程序,分别对STF、SRCW结构与SHTCW结构进行增量动力分析,相比于STF结构,SHTCW、SRCW结构各个性能水准的失效概率明显降低,倒塌储备系数分别提高了1.42和1.18倍,通过附加装配式UHTCC抗侧力墙,能够减轻地震荷载作用下钢框架结构的动力响应,有效提升钢框架结构抗震性能。展开更多
基金Supported by NSFC(Nos.11661025,12161024)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Nos.2020GXNSFAA159118,2021GXNSFAA196045)+2 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Project(No.Guike AD20297006)Training Program for 1000 Young and Middle-aged Cadre Teachers in Universities of GuangxiNational College Student's Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202110595049)。
摘要In this paper,we present local functional law of the iterated logarithm for Cs?rg?-Révész type increments of fractional Brownian motion.The results obtained extend works of Gantert[Ann.Probab.,1993,21(2):1045-1049]and Monrad and Rootzén[Probab.Theory Related Fields,1995,101(2):173-192].
基金financially supported by the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering,China(No.SDGZK2410)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2907203)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374087 and U24B2041)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.252300421202)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering,China(No.SDGZK2410)the Young Backbone Teacher of Henan Province,China(No.2023GGJS057)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University,China(No.J2024-1)。
摘要The prediction of rock failure,a key fundamental research for addressing mining safety issues(such as mine slope stability and rockburst),faces challenges with traditional methods due to their complex generalization and computational processes that struggle to describe the entire failure process.Consequently,12 prediction models integrating ensemble learning and optimization algorithms were established to predict rock peak stress and failure time using strain,elastic modulus,density,mass,and confining pressure as inputs.Fivefold cross-validation was used to optimize hyperparameters,significantly improving the model's generalization ability,robustness,and stability.Dataset was established through rock mechanics experiments,with strain increments configured at 0.008‰,0.01‰,and 0.012‰ in the test set.The cross-validation optimized particle swarm optimization eXtreme gradient boosting(CV-PSO-XGBoost)model performed best under a strain increment of 0.01‰,and its stress prediction achieved coefficient of determination R2=0.904,mean absolute error(MAE)=4.315,and root mean square error(RMSE)=5.435;while the failure time prediction demonstrated R2=0.811,mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)=7.842%,and MAE=30.343.Finally,SHapley Additive explanations(SHAP)analysis showed strain and stress significantly impact the model,with strain positively predicting failure time,aligning with traditional rock validating reliability.This study provides insights into the research on rock strata stability in mining.
摘要A relationship was discovered between the amplification factor and the number of load increments that are needed to limit the relative error to one percent in second-order elastic analyses with a predictor-corrector solution scheme.Previous research by the authors proposed a design equation to determine the required minimum number of load increments based on an evaluation of the elastic critical buckling load ratio.Further research has shown that an approximate amplification factor equation that is based on the B2 multiplier equation produces similar results when the amplification factor is less than approximately four.Eleven moment frames are used to verify the use of the new approximate amplification factor in the proposed design equation.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M763628)the Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program(2024736)the STCSM|Science and Technology Innovation Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(24YF2757000)。
摘要Landfalling tropical cyclones(LTCs)undergo rapid structural adjustments and complex nonlinear interactions in coastal regions,making short-term prediction of heavy rainfall and damaging winds particularly challenging.Conventional intermittent data assimilation often introduces dynamical imbalances into the analysis fields,which may further deteriorate subsequent forecasts.This study investigates the landfall process of Typhoon Bebinca(2024)and systematically evaluates a set of ensemble-based assimilation experiments conducted within an Incremental Analysis Update(IAU)framework,incorporating multiple observation types,including radar reflectivity,Doppler radial velocity,and surface measurements.The results show that the IAU technique,through the gradual application of analysis increments within a four-dimensional time window,effectively suppresses initialization shocks,alleviates spurious dynamical imbalance,and preserves flowdependent coordination.The IAU-based framework efficiently retains observational information,optimizes vortex structure,intensifies the warm core,and promotes the formation of a vertically coherent subsidence column within the eye region,thereby strengthening the secondary circulation.In addition,the IAU scheme also helps establish a more consolidated and axisymmetric moisture core,accompanied by a sea-level pressure field with smoother and dynamically coherent gradient structures,indicating a more physically balanced thermodynamic–dynamic coupling.These balanced analyses translate into more accurate forecasts of track,intensity evolution,and landfall-induced precipitation.Overall,the IAU-enhanced ensemble assimilation system substantially improves the physical consistency of storm analyses and significantly increases the short-term predictability of LTC track,rainfall,and wind hazards over coastal urban regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42373078 and 41877328)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Vegetation Resource Research Team Development Project (No. 2024-KYTD-06)
摘要Climate warming has reshaped the structure and function of global boreal forest with expected negative impacts at its southern margins.A warming hiatus has occurred in many high-latitude regions in recent decades,but its impacts on tree growth in the southern boreal forest remain unclear.We sampled tree rings of Dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii)in the southern boreal forest of the Greater Khingan Mountains(GKM)and examined the trends of tree growth and its temporal stability based on the age-detrended basal area increment(BAI)for the periods of rapid warming(1962-1992)and warming hiatus(1993-2022).The results indicate that age-detrended BAI declined significantly during the warming period,while it showed no further decrease during the period of warming hiatus.Tree growth decline was associated with higher daily maximum air temperature in the main growing season and daily minimum air temperature in the non-growing season,as well as lower precipitation in the early growing season and daily minimum air temperature in the main growing season.During the warming hiatus,tree growth was positively regulated by the precipitation in the non-growing season,daily maximum air temperature in the early growing season,and daily minimum air temperature in the main growing season,but negatively affected by the daily maximum air temperature in the late growing season.Intriguingly,tree growth stability declined significantly during the warming period and recovered rapidly during the period of warming hiatus.The decline in tree growth stability was mainly explained by increasing daily minimum air temperature in the non-growing season.The recovery of tree growth stability was associated with lower precipitation in the non-growing season,higher interannual stability of daily maximum air temperature in the early growing season,higher interannual mean value and stability of daily maximum air temperature in the late growing season,and lower interannual mean value and stability of daily minimum air temperature in the main growing season.Our findings highlight a rapid recovery of tree growth stability instead of growth rate during the warming hiatus following a period of rapid warming and provide new insights into the decadal-scale resilience of the southern boreal forest in response to climate change.
基金supported by the National University of Defense Technology(NUDT)Research Initiation Funding for High-Level Scientific and Technological Innovative Talents(202402-YJRC-LJ-001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2142213)+1 种基金the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grants 2025A1515011835,2022A1515011870)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42305167)。
摘要The operational Tropical Regional Atmospheric Model System(TRAMS)often underestimates initial typhoon intensity when using the global analysis field as the initial condition.The TRAMS tropical cyclone(TC)initialization scheme,developed based on the incremental analysis updates(IAU)technique,effectively reduces initial bias.However,the original IAU-based TC initialization scheme only adjusts the wind field at the analysis moment,with other variables adjusted implicitly under the model's constraints according to a gradually inserted wind increment(named“univariate adjustment scheme”hereafter).The univariate adjustment scheme requires approximately 3 h to reach a dynamic equilibrium state,which constrains the assimilation of hourly TC observations and causes excessive dissipation of meaningful short-wave information in adjustment increments.To address this limitation,this study develops a multivariate adjustment IAU-based TC initialization scheme that incorporates gradient wind balance and hydrostatic balance as its largescale constraints.Numerical experiments with TC Hato(2017)demonstrate that the multivariate adjustment scheme reduces the IAU relaxation time to 1 h while marginally improving forecast skill.These findings are consistently replicated across 12 additional TC cases.The development of the IAU-based multivariate adjustment initialization scheme establishes a foundation for 4-D initialization using hourly TC observations.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62371197in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant 2024A1515011172+1 种基金in part by the Indigenous Innovation’s Capability Development Program of Huizhou University under Grant HZU202516in part by the Professorial and Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Huizhou University under Grant 2022JB034。
摘要The emerging sixth-generation networks demand ultra-high-speed wideband transmissions.In this context,this study proposes a novel Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)-aided Incremental Relaying(IR)scheme that combines the complementary benefits of RISs and relay systems to enhance the achievable rate.In the proposed system,a relay is exploited to retransmit the source signal when the destination fails to decode the RIS-aided signal correctly.To assess the system performance,we analytically derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability and throughput of the RIS-aided IR scheme,using the central limit theorem.Simulation results validate the analytical findings and reveal that the proposed RIS-aided IR scheme significantly outperforms the conventional pure RIS and hybrid RIS-relay schemes in terms of both outage probability and throughput,highlighting its potential for improving communication-system performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92160206 and 52405393).
摘要Necking evolution of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy under high-temperature tension at low strain rates is a typical non-uniform deformation with significant strain-rate gradients.Accurately predicting this process contributes to revealing materials’flow behavior during non-uniform and large plastic deformation.In this work,tensile tests conducted at 700°C and microstructure characterization indicate that the flow behavior of Ti6Al4V exhibits pronounced strain-rate sensitivity and dynamic recrystallization-induced strain softening.Employing a hybrid experimental-numerical strategy,a physically based model is validated as an effective approach for extrapolating post-necking flow stress curves.Subsequently,two phenomenological models are calibrated using these flow stress curves.By deriving the stress updating algorithms in an implicit finite element method,three visco-plastic models are utilized to simulate tension processes with necking evolution.The results suggest that the physically based model predicts tensile necking processes more accurately compared to phenomenological models,despite using similar flow stress curves.The necking evolution simulated by phenomenological models is notably retarded due to the lack of strain-rate history effects.In contrast,the physically based model,which records the strain-rate history,predicts lower flow stress in the necking center but higher flow stress in regions farther from the center,thereby promoting necking localization.Besides,large time increments in simulations fail to capture strain-rate gradients in necking regions,and a recommended time increment is provided to ensure stable simulations of necking evolution.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52368049,52168051,and 42462028)Lanzhou Young Scientific and Technological Talents Innovation Project(Grant Nos.2023-QN-27 and 2023-QN-52)Major Project of the Joint Scientific Research Fund of Gansu Province(Grant No.25JRRL007)。
摘要Deformations in high fill foundations comprising soil–stone mixtures must be accurately predicted to ensure construction quality and long-term operational safety.However,existing computational and analytical methods inadequately capture their complex mechanical behavior.We conducted a series of triaxial tests on unsaturated soil samples collected from a high fill project site in northwestern China under three stress paths.The incremental nonlinear and elastoplastic constitutive models for unsaturated soils were modified,and a calculation method was developed for the vertical and lateral deformations of high fill foundations using the layered summation approach.The results indicate that for soil samples with the same mixing ratio(m)and compaction coefficient(n),the strength of the sample and its tendency to exhibit shear dilation increase with the net confining pressure or matric suction.Additionally,the stress–strain curve of the soil sample gradually changes from the strain-hardening type to the ideal elastoplastic type as the compaction coefficient increases.Moreover,the compaction coefficient is an important factor influencing the magnitude of yield stress and yield suction in soil samples,and the yield points of both are similar in shape to the loadingcollapse(LC)and suction increase(SI)yield lines obtained using the Barcelona model in the net mean stress-generalized shear stress(p-s)plane,respectively.The modified incremental nonlinear instantaneous model simultaneously considers the effects of the compaction coefficient,suction and mixing ratio,and the model parameter can be simplified to the tangential modulus expression in the Duncan-Chang model when the suction is zero.Furthermore,the modified elastoplastic constitutive model,which considers the effects of the net mean stress,suction and partial stress,can be simplified to the elastoplastic constitutive relationship of saturated soil when the suction is zero.The proposed deformation calculation method,based on the layered summation theory,is applicable to both elastic and elastoplastic foundation states,as confirmed through numerical simulations.Our work can be used as a reference for the calculation of foundation deformation in similar mixed material high fill projects.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaZhejiang Province Natural Science Fund
摘要In this paper, we consider a general form of the increments for a two-parameter Wiener process. Both the Csorgo-Revesz's increments and a class of the lag increments are the special cases of this general form of increments. Our results imply the theorem that have been given by Csorgo and Revesz (1978), and some of their conditions are removed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272440)Suzhou Science Foundation(No.SYG202323)Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX25_3463).
摘要In practical industrial environments,the data distribution of rotating machinery drifts as operating conditions vary,causing a marked deterioration in the performance of traditional fault diagnosis methods that rely on the assumption of identical distributions.Incremental learning provides a promising pathway to address dynamic operating conditions.However,existing approaches typically depend on replaying historical data and still struggle to strike a balance between stability and plasticity.To overcome these limitations,this paper proposes a dual-component elastic adaptive network(DCEAN)designed for incremental fault diagnosis of rotating machinery under varying working conditions.The proposed framework operates without access to previous data and simultaneously achieves knowledge retention and feature correction.Specifically,a sensitive parameter constraint(SPC)mechanism is introduced to curb excessive updates to parameters identified as critical,thereby stabilizing previously learned knowledge.In parallel,a feature drift self-calibration(FDSC)mechanism is employed to estimate and compensate for distribution shifts induced by condition variations,promoting consistency of feature representations across domains.Through the coordinated action of these two mechanisms,DCEAN establishes an incremental learning paradigm that harmonizes stability with adaptability.Two case studies demonstrate that the proposed method delivers superior diagnostic performance in variable operating environments,underscoring its robustness and effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62577007 and 92582204)。
摘要This paper conducts an empirical study on students'code modification behaviors in incremental programming projects by analyzing 40771 code submissions from 371 students through abstract syntax tree(AST)difference analysis and manual annotation.The study investigates the distribution of code modification types to prior-phase code during iterative development,identifies cross-phase error types,and analyzes refactoring strategies.The findings reveal that error correction and code refactoring constitute the primary types of cross-phase code modifications.Among cross-phase latent errors,special case neglect represents the dominant error type,indicating insufficient coverage of special scenarios in existing test suites.Variable renaming emerges as the most prevalent refactoring behavior,reflecting students'emphasis on code readability.These research findings provide empirical evidence for optimizing incremental curriculum design,improving test cases,and cultivating students'code maintenance capabilities in programming education.
摘要超高韧性水泥基材料(ultra high toughness cementitious composites,UHTCC)耐损伤能力强、裂缝控制能力好,具有超高的受压韧性及显著的受拉应变硬化特性。为提升钢框架结构的抗侧性能,分别将装配式RC、UHTCC抗侧力墙作为钢框架结构的抗侧力构件,进行足尺钢框架(STF)、钢框架-附加装配式RC抗侧力墙(SRCW)和钢框架-附加装配式UHTCC抗侧力墙(SHTCW)试件低周往复加载试验,对上述试件破坏模式、滞回性能、刚度、承载力、变形能力、应变及耗能性能等进行研究。试验表明,试件SHTCW、SRCW的峰值承载力相比于试件STF分别提高了25%和13%,抗侧力墙材料抗压强度值相近的情况下,试件SHTCW的峰值承载力较试件SRCW提高15%。相同加载位移角下,试件SHTCW的抗侧刚度及等效黏滞阻尼系数高于试件SRCW和STF,相比于RC抗侧力墙,UHTCC抗侧力墙具有更优异的抗侧性能及耗能能力,其与钢框架的变形协调能力更好。在试验研究基础上,采用OpenSees有限元程序,分别对STF、SRCW结构与SHTCW结构进行增量动力分析,相比于STF结构,SHTCW、SRCW结构各个性能水准的失效概率明显降低,倒塌储备系数分别提高了1.42和1.18倍,通过附加装配式UHTCC抗侧力墙,能够减轻地震荷载作用下钢框架结构的动力响应,有效提升钢框架结构抗震性能。