This review systematically analyzes Reinforcement Learning approaches for self-healing in energy-constrained secure edge IoT networks across 82 studies from 2020 to 2026.Unlike existing surveys that focus on general R...This review systematically analyzes Reinforcement Learning approaches for self-healing in energy-constrained secure edge IoT networks across 82 studies from 2020 to 2026.Unlike existing surveys that focus on general RL applications,the proposed review focuses on a three-level taxonomy that uniquely addresses edge IoT deployment realities through formulation-scope-hardware mapping.The work develops a novel three-level taxonomy classifying recovery scope(node,link,service,network),RL formulations(tabular,deep,multi-agent,model-based),and constraint integration(energy,latency,security,hybrid),revealing service migration dominance at 30%coverage and node recovery achieving 38%maximum energy savings.Normalized performance baselines establish energy gains up to 44%,latency compliance of 84%under mobility traces,and 35%security exposure reduction during failover windows.10 evidence-based gaps emerge,including a complete absence of model-based node recovery and multi-agent network security orchestration spanning only 2 papers.15 prioritized future directions target 70%sample efficiency gains,35%exposure reduction under compromised agents,and 22%Pareto improvements through joint constraint optimization,providing researchers and practitioners structured roadmap for sustainable edge IoT resilience.Performance metrics are normalized against static policy baselines using logarithmic scaling and success ratios to ensure cross-study comparability.展开更多
Endogenous security in next-generation wireless communication systems attracts increasing attentions in recent years.A typical solution to endogenous security problems is the Quantum Key Distribution(QKD),where uncond...Endogenous security in next-generation wireless communication systems attracts increasing attentions in recent years.A typical solution to endogenous security problems is the Quantum Key Distribution(QKD),where unconditional security can be achieved thanks to the inherent properties of quantum mechanics.Continuous Variable-Quantum Key Distribution(CV-QKD)enjoys high Secret Key Rate(SKR)and good compatibility with existing optical communication infrastructure.Traditional CV-QKD usually employ coherent receivers to detect coherent states,whose detection performance is restricted to the standard quantum limit.In this paper,we employ a generalized Kennedy receiver called CD-Kennedy receiver to enhance the detection performance of coherent states in turbulent channels,where Equal-Gain Combining(EGC)method is used to combine the output of CD-Kennedy receivers.Besides,we derive the SKR of a post-selection based CV-QKD protocol using both CD-Kennedy receiver and homodyne receiver with EGC in turbulent channels.We further propose an equivalent transmittance method to facilitate the calculation of both the Bit-Error Rate(BER)and SKR.Numerical results show that the CD-Kennedy receiver can outperform the homodyne receiver in turbulent channels in terms of both BER and SKR performance.We find that BER and SKR performance advantage of CD-Kennedy receiver over homodyne receiver demonstrate opposite trends as the average transmittance increases,which indicates that two separate system settings should be employed for communication and key distribution purposes.Besides,we also demonstrate that the SKR performance of a CD-Kennedy receiver is much robust than that of a homodyne receiver in turbulent channels.展开更多
This article analyzes the relationship between the use of free software and artificial neural networks and the presence of organizational violence in educational settings of public security administration.From a psych...This article analyzes the relationship between the use of free software and artificial neural networks and the presence of organizational violence in educational settings of public security administration.From a psychological perspective,organizational violence is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct involving structural,symbolic,and interpersonal dynamics that affect learning environments and institutional functioning.A cross-sectional and correlational design was employed with participants enrolled in public security training programs.Data were collected through validated instruments measuring organizational violence,digital autonomy in open-source environments,and analytical competencies in artificial intelligence(AI).Results indicate that higher levels of digital autonomy and analytical competencies are associated with lower levels of perceived organizational violence.The artificial neural network model demonstrated strong predictive capacity,revealing both direct and nonlinear relationships among variables.Findings suggest that the integration of open technologies and advanced analytical skills contributes to more transparent,participatory,and less coercive educational environments.The study highlights the importance of aligning technological innovation with institutional transformation to address organizational violence in highly structured public sector contexts.展开更多
This paper takes the national railway ticketing system as the research object,and studies the role of data assets in the operation and maintenance retrospective analysis under the network security control situation.Co...This paper takes the national railway ticketing system as the research object,and studies the role of data assets in the operation and maintenance retrospective analysis under the network security control situation.Comprehensively sort out the overall scheme of network security operation and maintenance of the railway passenger ticket system,and focus on the significance of data assets with asset accounts as the core in operation and maintenance management,including important links such as asset modeling,status monitoring,log correlation,and fault tracing.Based on this premise,this paper studies the data collection,correlation analysis,and retrospective analysis technology for security operation and maintenance,and explains the supporting significance of the data asset entity model and relationship model to improve the efficiency of fault location and security event analysis.Research and summarize the practical experience of data asset management,operation,and maintenance,and provide a reference for data asset management of other major information infrastructures in network security operation and maintenance.展开更多
The seismic monitoring data transmission network is the core infrastructure for emergency management departments to carry out seismic monitoring, early warning and emergency response. Its safe and stable operation is ...The seismic monitoring data transmission network is the core infrastructure for emergency management departments to carry out seismic monitoring, early warning and emergency response. Its safe and stable operation is directly related to the safety of people's lives and property and regional social stability. Combined with the actual seismic monitoring work in Botou City, based on the local base station equipment configuration and network operation status, this paper systematically analyzes the existing technical security vulnerabilities in the transmission link, terminal equipment, network management and environmental adaptation of the current seismic monitoring data transmission network. In line with the requirements of the 14th Five-Year Plan for the upgrading of the seismic backbone network and industry security specifications, targeted and implementable protection strategies are proposed to strengthen the coordinated connection between technical and management protection, avoiding the listing of construction and project plans. It provides theoretical and practical support for the Emergency Management Bureau of Botou City to optimize the network security system and improve risk prevention and control capabilities, ensuring the real-time, accuracy and security of monitoring data.展开更多
With the evolution of information technology toward more advanced intelligence and automation,Security Orchestration,Automation,and Response(SOAR)has become a critical foundation for security incident handling,owing t...With the evolution of information technology toward more advanced intelligence and automation,Security Orchestration,Automation,and Response(SOAR)has become a critical foundation for security incident handling,owing to its intelligent orchestration capabilities.Security playbooks,as the core mechanism for automated response in SOAR,require well-designed workflows and precise action matching to ensure efficient and accurate alert handling.However,with the rising sophistication of attacks and the expanding scale of security alerts,traditional expert-driven playbook recommendation approaches often degrade in recommendation quality or completely fail when existing playbook repositories cannot adequately cover unknown or novel alert scenarios.Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)offers a promising solution by capturing feature associations from existing playbooks and autonomously generating validated new playbooks tailored to previously unseen alert characteristics.Motivated by this,we propose a logic-aware,two-stage GAN-based playbook generation method in this paper.In the first stage,alert features are projected into a modeled playbook feature space to perform preliminary similarity matching.In the second stage,a hybrid strategy combining similarity-based recommendation and GAN-driven generation is used to produce and refine playbooks while preserving logical workflow integrity.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only delivers high-precision playbook recommendations for known alert scenarios but also efficiently generates reliable playbooks for unseen alerts,achieving an average alert handling success rate of 86.55%,and thereby fulfilling response requirements in previously uncovered scenarios.展开更多
The advent of quantum computing poses a significant challenge to traditional cryptographic protocols,particularly those used in SecureMultiparty Computation(MPC),a fundamental cryptographic primitive for privacypreser...The advent of quantum computing poses a significant challenge to traditional cryptographic protocols,particularly those used in SecureMultiparty Computation(MPC),a fundamental cryptographic primitive for privacypreserving computation.Classical MPC relies on cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,secret sharing,and oblivious transfer,which may become vulnerable in the post-quantum era due to the computational power of quantum adversaries.This study presents a review of 140 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 that used different databases like MDPI,IEEE Explore,Springer,and Elsevier,examining the applications,types,and security issues with the solution of Quantum computing in different fields.This review explores the impact of quantum computing on MPC security,assesses emerging quantum-resistant MPC protocols,and examines hybrid classicalquantum approaches aimed at mitigating quantum threats.We analyze the role of Quantum Key Distribution(QKD),post-quantum cryptography(PQC),and quantum homomorphic encryption in securing multiparty computations.Additionally,we discuss the challenges of scalability,computational efficiency,and practical deployment of quantumsecure MPC frameworks in real-world applications such as privacy-preserving AI,secure blockchain transactions,and confidential data analysis.This review provides insights into the future research directions and open challenges in ensuring secure,scalable,and quantum-resistant multiparty computation.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter deals with the security control for nonlinear cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under mixed deception attacks.Both sensors and actuators are assumed to be injected deception data during the data tran...Dear Editor,This letter deals with the security control for nonlinear cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under mixed deception attacks.Both sensors and actuators are assumed to be injected deception data during the data transmission via networks.In order to identify the unknown dynamics of the attacked system,a neural network(NN)is adopted,on basis of which an NN-based secure observer is designed to diminish the attack impact on state estimation.Then,by resorting to the reinforcement learning approach,the secure control strategy is presented via actor-critic and zero-sum games.At last,the designed control scheme is proved via a numerical simulation.展开更多
The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications for Railways(5G-R)brings significant opportunities for the rail industry.However,alongside the potential and benefits of the railway 5G network are complex security challe...The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications for Railways(5G-R)brings significant opportunities for the rail industry.However,alongside the potential and benefits of the railway 5G network are complex security challenges.Ensuring the security and reliability of railway 5G networks is therefore essential.This paper presents a detailed examination of security assessment techniques for railway 5G networks,focusing on addressing the unique security challenges in this field.In this paper,various security requirements in railway 5G networks are analyzed,and specific processes and methods for conducting comprehensive security risk assessments are presented.This study provides a framework for securing railway 5G network development and ensuring its long-term sustainability.展开更多
This study proposes a method for analyzing the security distance of an Active Distribution Network(ADN)by incorporating the demand response of an Energy Hub(EH).Taking into account the impact of stochastic wind-solar ...This study proposes a method for analyzing the security distance of an Active Distribution Network(ADN)by incorporating the demand response of an Energy Hub(EH).Taking into account the impact of stochastic wind-solar power and flexible loads on the EH,an interactive power model was developed to represent the EH’s operation under these influences.Additionally,an ADN security distance model,integrating an EH with flexible loads,was constructed to evaluate the effect of flexible load variations on the ADN’s security distance.By considering scenarios such as air conditioning(AC)load reduction and base station(BS)load transfer,the security distances of phases A,B,and C increased by 17.1%,17.2%,and 17.7%,respectively.Furthermore,a multi-objective optimal power flow model was formulated and solved using the Forward-Backward Power Flow Algorithm,the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algo-rithm,and the maximum satisfaction method.The simulation results of the IEEE33 node system example demonstrate that after opti-mization,the total energy cost for one day is reduced by 0.026%,and the total security distance limit of the ADN’s three phases is improved by 0.1 MVA.This method effectively enhances the security distance,facilitates BS load transfer and AC load reduction,and contributes to the energy-saving,economical,and safe operation of the power system.展开更多
Digital content such as games,extended reality(XR),and movies has been widely and easily distributed over wireless networks.As a result,unauthorized access,copyright infringement by third parties or eavesdroppers,and ...Digital content such as games,extended reality(XR),and movies has been widely and easily distributed over wireless networks.As a result,unauthorized access,copyright infringement by third parties or eavesdroppers,and cyberattacks over these networks have become pressing concerns.Therefore,protecting copyrighted content and preventing illegal distribution in wireless communications has garnered significant attention.The Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)is regarded as a promising technology for future wireless and mobile networks due to its ability to reconfigure the radio propagation environment.This study investigates the security performance of an uplink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)system integrated with an IRS and employing Fountain Codes(FCs).Specifically,two users send signals to the base station at separate distances.A relay receives the signal from the nearby user first and then relays it to the base station.The IRS receives the signal from the distant user and reflects it to the relay,which then sends the reflected signal to the base station.Furthermore,a malevolent eavesdropper intercepts both user and relay communications.We construct mathematical equations for Outage Probability(OP),throughput,diversity evaluation,and Interception Probability(IP),offering quantitative insights to assess system security and performance.Additionally,OP and IP are analyzed using a Deep Neural Network(DNN)model.A deeper comprehension of the security performance of the IRS-assisted NOMA systemin signal transmission is provided by Monte Carlo simulations,which are also carried out to confirm the theoretical conclusions.展开更多
A robust ecological security network(ESN)is essential for ensuring regional ecological security,improving fragile ecological conditions,and promoting sustainable development.Climate change and land use/cover change(LU...A robust ecological security network(ESN)is essential for ensuring regional ecological security,improving fragile ecological conditions,and promoting sustainable development.Climate change and land use/cover change(LUCC)influence the structure and connectivity of the ESN by impacting ecosystem services(ESs).Previous studies primarily focused on the overall effects of LUCC on ESN changes,but they largely overlooked the effects of detailed LUCC transitions.In this study,we evaluated changes in the structure and connectivity of the ESN in the Songnen Plain(SNP),Northeast China,over the past 30 yr(1990s-2020s)using circuit theory and graph theory.We further explored the effects of climate change,LUCC,and detailed LUCC transformations on ESN changes through factorial control experiments.Results revealed a 24.86%decrease in ecological sources and a 27.06%decrease in ecological corridors,accompanied by a decline in ESN connectivity from the 1990s to the 2010s.Conversely,from the 2010s to the 2020s,ecological sources increased by 14.71%and ecological corridors increased by 25.71%due to ecological projects such as returning farmland to wetlands,resulting in an overall increase in ESN connectivity.The changes in ESN structure were primarily attributed to LUCC effects,followed by climate change effects and their interactions.In contrast,the changes in connectivity were significantly affected by climate change,followed by interactive effects and LUCC.Through detailed examination of LUCC transformation effects,we further found that the changes in ESN structure were primarily attributed to wetland loss,followed by deforestation and urban expansion.Meanwhile,the changes in ESN connectivity were mainly due to the effects of wetland loss,urban expansion and deforestation.Notably,the adverse effects of wetland loss partly offset climate change benefits on ESN.Our study offers valuable insights for developing future land management policies and implementing ecological projects,aimed at maintaining a stable ESN and ensuring sustainable human development.展开更多
Dear Editor,The crafted generalized replay attacks(GRAs)can bypass traditional multiplicative watermarking(MW)-based active detection in networked control systems(NCSs),which will seriously destroy system stability or...Dear Editor,The crafted generalized replay attacks(GRAs)can bypass traditional multiplicative watermarking(MW)-based active detection in networked control systems(NCSs),which will seriously destroy system stability or even crash.To address this problem,this letter proposes a novel secure control method by using MW-based detection and data compensation.First,the limitation of traditional MW-based detection method is analysed,and a novel MW-based active detection scheme is proposed by adding an irreversible watermarking detection unit.Then,according to the detection result,an online data compensation scheme based on cubic spline interpolation algorithm is provided,and the maximum allowed attack rate of GRAs is given to maintain the exponential stability of NCSs.Finally,experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm networks are increasingly deployed in surveillance,disaster response,and intelligent transportation systems,where secure and efficient communication is critical under resource-constra...Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm networks are increasingly deployed in surveillance,disaster response,and intelligent transportation systems,where secure and efficient communication is critical under resource-constrained environments.However,conventional public-key-based security mechanisms introduce excessive computational overhead,while standalone intrusion detection systems are insufficient to defend against dynamic and multi-vector attacks in swarm networks.To address these challenges,in this paper,a lightweight time-indexed secure communication framework with intrusion detection modeling(TSCID)is proposed for resource-constrained UAV swarm networks.The proposed TSCID integrates a time-indexed session key derivation mechanism with lightweight authenticated encryption to ensure confidentiality,integrity,replay resistance,and session-key isolation with low computational cost.A security and communication-overhead analysis under standard symmetric-key cryptographic assumptions is conducted to evaluate the practicality and lightweight characteristics of the proposed framework.To enhance resilience against network-level attacks,an intrusion detection module based on deep neural networks is incorporated and optimized through structured pruning,enabling real-time anomaly detection on edge-class UAV devices.Experimental results demonstrate that TSCID reduces communication latency by up to 35%and energy consumption by nearly 30%compared with conventional public-key-based security mechanisms,while the lightweight intrusion detection model achieves over 92%detection accuracy with less than 4%false positives.Analytical and experimental results confirm that the proposed framework provides an efficient and secure solution for real-time UAV swarm communication under strict resource constraints.展开更多
Quantum key distribution(QKD)optical networks can provide more secure communications.However,with the increase of the QKD path requests and key updates,network blocking problems will become severe.The blocking problem...Quantum key distribution(QKD)optical networks can provide more secure communications.However,with the increase of the QKD path requests and key updates,network blocking problems will become severe.The blocking problems in the network can become more severe because each fiber link has limited resources(such as wavelengths and time slots).In addition,QKD optical networks are also affected by external disturbances such as data interception and eavesdropping,resulting in inefficient network communication.In this paper,we exploit the idea of protection path to enhance the anti-interference ability of QKD optical network.By introducing the concept of security metric,we propose a routing wavelength and time slot allocation algorithm(RWTA)based on protection path,which can lessen the blocking problem of QKD optical network.According to simulation analysis,the security-metric-based RWTA algorithm(SM-RWTA)proposed in this paper can substantially improve the success rate of security key(SK)update and significantly reduce the blocking rate of the network.It can also improve the utilization rate of resources such as wavelengths and time slots.Compared with the non-security-metric-based RWTA algorithm(NSM-RWTA),our algorithm is robust and can enhance the anti-interference ability and security of QKD optical networks.展开更多
The rapid growth of Internet of things devices and the emergence of rapidly evolving network threats have made traditional security assessment methods inadequate.Federated learning offers a promising solution to exped...The rapid growth of Internet of things devices and the emergence of rapidly evolving network threats have made traditional security assessment methods inadequate.Federated learning offers a promising solution to expedite the training of security assessment models.However,ensuring the trustworthiness and robustness of federated learning under multi-party collaboration scenarios remains a challenge.To address these issues,this study proposes a shard aggregation network structure and a malicious node detection mechanism,along with improvements to the federated learning training process.First,we extract the data features of the participants by using spectral clustering methods combined with a Gaussian kernel function.Then,we introduce a multi-objective decision-making approach that combines data distribution consistency,consensus communication overhead,and consensus result reliability in order to determine the final network sharing scheme.Finally,by integrating the federated learning aggregation process with the malicious node detection mechanism,we improve the traditional decentralized learning process.Our proposed ShardFed algorithm outperforms conventional classification algorithms and state-of-the-art machine learning methods like FedProx and FedCurv in convergence speed,robustness against data interference,and adaptability across multiple scenarios.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach improves model accuracy by up to 2.33%under non-independent and identically distributed data conditions,maintains higher performance with malicious nodes containing poisoned data ratios of 20%–50%,and significantly enhances model resistance to low-quality data.展开更多
This study introduces an innovative hybrid approach that integrates deep learning with blockchain technology to improve cybersecurity,focusing on network intrusion detection systems(NIDS).The main goal is to overcome ...This study introduces an innovative hybrid approach that integrates deep learning with blockchain technology to improve cybersecurity,focusing on network intrusion detection systems(NIDS).The main goal is to overcome the shortcomings of conventional intrusion detection techniques by developing amore flexible and robust security architecture.We use seven unique machine learning models to improve detection skills,emphasizing data quality,traceability,and transparency,facilitated by a blockchain layer that safeguards against datamodification and ensures auditability.Our technique employs the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)to equilibrate the dataset,therefore mitigating prevalent class imbalance difficulties in intrusion detection.The model selection procedure determined that Random Forest was the most successful model,with a notable detection accuracy of 97%.This substantially surpasses conventional methods and enhances the system’s capacity to identify both established and novel threats with exceptional accuracy.To optimize feature selection and maximize performance,we use Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),which improves the significance of chosen features while reducing the danger of overfitting.Our study indicates that the integrated use of machine learning for pattern identification,multi-factor authentication(MFA)for access security,and blockchain for data validation constitutes a thorough and sustainable cybersecurity solution.This architecture not only increases security but also lowers the need for regular human monitoring,significantly cutting energy consumption connected with cybersecurity infrastructure.The research finds that this integrated strategy provides a realistic road for increasing network security,addressing real-world cyber threats,and promoting eco-friendly practices in IT security.展开更多
Amid intensifying global cyberspace confrontation,traditional security systems face nonsystematized defenses,asymmetric cost challenges,and quantum computing threats,highlighting the urgent need for a new security par...Amid intensifying global cyberspace confrontation,traditional security systems face nonsystematized defenses,asymmetric cost challenges,and quantum computing threats,highlighting the urgent need for a new security paradigm with proactive defense capabilities.In response,this paper proposes the“quantum-native security”theoretical framework,which integrates cutting-edge quantum technologies such as quantum random number generation,quantum keys,quantum identification,quantum genes,and quantum vaccines.Based on quantum-native security protocols,a multi-dimensional quantum security architecture is constructed,covering terminals,networks,applications,and data.Research demonstrates that quantum random numbers,with their inherent physical unpredictability,can effectively resolve the vulnerabilities of traditional pseudo-random algorithms.Additionally,this paper introduces the“network-protection-network”quantum guardian paradigm,leveraging quantum backbone networks as a trusted foundation to upgrade from point-based protection to comprehensive collaborative defense.This study presents innovative solutions to counter the emerging threats posed by quantum computing and lays the foundation for developing an autonomous,controllable next-generation cybersecurity system.展开更多
Amidst the burgeoning technological revolution and the growing China-United States rivalry,the second Trump administration has elevated science and technology security to the core of its national security strategy.The...Amidst the burgeoning technological revolution and the growing China-United States rivalry,the second Trump administration has elevated science and technology security to the core of its national security strategy.The underlying logic of its narrative portraying China as a threat to science and technology security is to sustain America's technological hegemony.It has been advancing policies in the science and technology sector through a two-pronged approach-i.e.,strengthening science and technology capabilities at home while uniting allies to contain adversaries globally.Compared to Joe Biden,Donald Trump,in his second term,has placed a greater emphasis on specific issues and tangible results in terms of science and technology policy.He has established four pillars:concentrating resources on developing game-changing technologies,addressing shor tcomings that hinder scientif ic and technological innovation and advancement,creating a regulatory system that audits the whole chain,and reconstructing an alliance network tied together by diverse interests.Thus,a relatively clear logical loop has taken shape,encompassing goal orientation,foundational support,security protection,and amplified synergy and reflecting a distinctly pragmatic policy approach.While the implementation of relevant policies is likely to intensify during Trump's presidency,their long-term continuity remains highly uncertain due to domestic and international structural constraints.Regardless of their future trajectory,the second Trump administration's science and technology security policies have broken up the traditional paradigm of technology governance and profoundly reshaped the global science and technology ecosystem.展开更多
The 5G-R network is on the verge of entering the construction stage.Given that the dedicated network for railways is closely linked to train operation safety,there are extremely high requirements for network security....The 5G-R network is on the verge of entering the construction stage.Given that the dedicated network for railways is closely linked to train operation safety,there are extremely high requirements for network security.As a result,there is an urgent need to conduct research on 5G-R network security.To comprehensively enhance the end-to-end security protection of the 5G-R network,this study summarized the security requirements of the GSM-R network,analyzed the security risks and requirements faced by the 5G-R network,and proposed an overall 5G-R network security architecture.The security technical schemes were detailed from various aspects:5G-R infrastructure security,terminal access security,networking security,operation and maintenance security,data security,and network boundary security.Additionally,the study proposed leveraging the 5G-R security situation awareness system to achieve a comprehensive upgrade from basic security technologies to endogenous security capabilities within the 5G-R system.展开更多
摘要This review systematically analyzes Reinforcement Learning approaches for self-healing in energy-constrained secure edge IoT networks across 82 studies from 2020 to 2026.Unlike existing surveys that focus on general RL applications,the proposed review focuses on a three-level taxonomy that uniquely addresses edge IoT deployment realities through formulation-scope-hardware mapping.The work develops a novel three-level taxonomy classifying recovery scope(node,link,service,network),RL formulations(tabular,deep,multi-agent,model-based),and constraint integration(energy,latency,security,hybrid),revealing service migration dominance at 30%coverage and node recovery achieving 38%maximum energy savings.Normalized performance baselines establish energy gains up to 44%,latency compliance of 84%under mobility traces,and 35%security exposure reduction during failover windows.10 evidence-based gaps emerge,including a complete absence of model-based node recovery and multi-agent network security orchestration spanning only 2 papers.15 prioritized future directions target 70%sample efficiency gains,35%exposure reduction under compromised agents,and 22%Pareto improvements through joint constraint optimization,providing researchers and practitioners structured roadmap for sustainable edge IoT resilience.Performance metrics are normalized against static policy baselines using logarithmic scaling and success ratios to ensure cross-study comparability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under No.62201075BUPT-China Unicom Joint Innovation Center under Grant 2025-STHZ-BJYDDX-008。
摘要Endogenous security in next-generation wireless communication systems attracts increasing attentions in recent years.A typical solution to endogenous security problems is the Quantum Key Distribution(QKD),where unconditional security can be achieved thanks to the inherent properties of quantum mechanics.Continuous Variable-Quantum Key Distribution(CV-QKD)enjoys high Secret Key Rate(SKR)and good compatibility with existing optical communication infrastructure.Traditional CV-QKD usually employ coherent receivers to detect coherent states,whose detection performance is restricted to the standard quantum limit.In this paper,we employ a generalized Kennedy receiver called CD-Kennedy receiver to enhance the detection performance of coherent states in turbulent channels,where Equal-Gain Combining(EGC)method is used to combine the output of CD-Kennedy receivers.Besides,we derive the SKR of a post-selection based CV-QKD protocol using both CD-Kennedy receiver and homodyne receiver with EGC in turbulent channels.We further propose an equivalent transmittance method to facilitate the calculation of both the Bit-Error Rate(BER)and SKR.Numerical results show that the CD-Kennedy receiver can outperform the homodyne receiver in turbulent channels in terms of both BER and SKR performance.We find that BER and SKR performance advantage of CD-Kennedy receiver over homodyne receiver demonstrate opposite trends as the average transmittance increases,which indicates that two separate system settings should be employed for communication and key distribution purposes.Besides,we also demonstrate that the SKR performance of a CD-Kennedy receiver is much robust than that of a homodyne receiver in turbulent channels.
摘要This article analyzes the relationship between the use of free software and artificial neural networks and the presence of organizational violence in educational settings of public security administration.From a psychological perspective,organizational violence is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct involving structural,symbolic,and interpersonal dynamics that affect learning environments and institutional functioning.A cross-sectional and correlational design was employed with participants enrolled in public security training programs.Data were collected through validated instruments measuring organizational violence,digital autonomy in open-source environments,and analytical competencies in artificial intelligence(AI).Results indicate that higher levels of digital autonomy and analytical competencies are associated with lower levels of perceived organizational violence.The artificial neural network model demonstrated strong predictive capacity,revealing both direct and nonlinear relationships among variables.Findings suggest that the integration of open technologies and advanced analytical skills contributes to more transparent,participatory,and less coercive educational environments.The study highlights the importance of aligning technological innovation with institutional transformation to address organizational violence in highly structured public sector contexts.
摘要This paper takes the national railway ticketing system as the research object,and studies the role of data assets in the operation and maintenance retrospective analysis under the network security control situation.Comprehensively sort out the overall scheme of network security operation and maintenance of the railway passenger ticket system,and focus on the significance of data assets with asset accounts as the core in operation and maintenance management,including important links such as asset modeling,status monitoring,log correlation,and fault tracing.Based on this premise,this paper studies the data collection,correlation analysis,and retrospective analysis technology for security operation and maintenance,and explains the supporting significance of the data asset entity model and relationship model to improve the efficiency of fault location and security event analysis.Research and summarize the practical experience of data asset management,operation,and maintenance,and provide a reference for data asset management of other major information infrastructures in network security operation and maintenance.
摘要The seismic monitoring data transmission network is the core infrastructure for emergency management departments to carry out seismic monitoring, early warning and emergency response. Its safe and stable operation is directly related to the safety of people's lives and property and regional social stability. Combined with the actual seismic monitoring work in Botou City, based on the local base station equipment configuration and network operation status, this paper systematically analyzes the existing technical security vulnerabilities in the transmission link, terminal equipment, network management and environmental adaptation of the current seismic monitoring data transmission network. In line with the requirements of the 14th Five-Year Plan for the upgrading of the seismic backbone network and industry security specifications, targeted and implementable protection strategies are proposed to strengthen the coordinated connection between technical and management protection, avoiding the listing of construction and project plans. It provides theoretical and practical support for the Emergency Management Bureau of Botou City to optimize the network security system and improve risk prevention and control capabilities, ensuring the real-time, accuracy and security of monitoring data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42374144,62101095,and 62502251)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.ZYGX2022J001)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2023QF104).
摘要With the evolution of information technology toward more advanced intelligence and automation,Security Orchestration,Automation,and Response(SOAR)has become a critical foundation for security incident handling,owing to its intelligent orchestration capabilities.Security playbooks,as the core mechanism for automated response in SOAR,require well-designed workflows and precise action matching to ensure efficient and accurate alert handling.However,with the rising sophistication of attacks and the expanding scale of security alerts,traditional expert-driven playbook recommendation approaches often degrade in recommendation quality or completely fail when existing playbook repositories cannot adequately cover unknown or novel alert scenarios.Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)offers a promising solution by capturing feature associations from existing playbooks and autonomously generating validated new playbooks tailored to previously unseen alert characteristics.Motivated by this,we propose a logic-aware,two-stage GAN-based playbook generation method in this paper.In the first stage,alert features are projected into a modeled playbook feature space to perform preliminary similarity matching.In the second stage,a hybrid strategy combining similarity-based recommendation and GAN-driven generation is used to produce and refine playbooks while preserving logical workflow integrity.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only delivers high-precision playbook recommendations for known alert scenarios but also efficiently generates reliable playbooks for unseen alerts,achieving an average alert handling success rate of 86.55%,and thereby fulfilling response requirements in previously uncovered scenarios.
摘要The advent of quantum computing poses a significant challenge to traditional cryptographic protocols,particularly those used in SecureMultiparty Computation(MPC),a fundamental cryptographic primitive for privacypreserving computation.Classical MPC relies on cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,secret sharing,and oblivious transfer,which may become vulnerable in the post-quantum era due to the computational power of quantum adversaries.This study presents a review of 140 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 that used different databases like MDPI,IEEE Explore,Springer,and Elsevier,examining the applications,types,and security issues with the solution of Quantum computing in different fields.This review explores the impact of quantum computing on MPC security,assesses emerging quantum-resistant MPC protocols,and examines hybrid classicalquantum approaches aimed at mitigating quantum threats.We analyze the role of Quantum Key Distribution(QKD),post-quantum cryptography(PQC),and quantum homomorphic encryption in securing multiparty computations.Additionally,we discuss the challenges of scalability,computational efficiency,and practical deployment of quantumsecure MPC frameworks in real-world applications such as privacy-preserving AI,secure blockchain transactions,and confidential data analysis.This review provides insights into the future research directions and open challenges in ensuring secure,scalable,and quantum-resistant multiparty computation.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273180,62403245,62233012)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20241458,BK20232038)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter deals with the security control for nonlinear cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under mixed deception attacks.Both sensors and actuators are assumed to be injected deception data during the data transmission via networks.In order to identify the unknown dynamics of the attacked system,a neural network(NN)is adopted,on basis of which an NN-based secure observer is designed to diminish the attack impact on state estimation.Then,by resorting to the reinforcement learning approach,the secure control strategy is presented via actor-critic and zero-sum games.At last,the designed control scheme is proved via a numerical simulation.
基金supported in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2025JBXT010in part by NSFC under Grant No.62171021,in part by the Project of China State Railway Group under Grant No.N2024B004in part by ZTE IndustryUniversityInstitute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.l23L00010.
摘要The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications for Railways(5G-R)brings significant opportunities for the rail industry.However,alongside the potential and benefits of the railway 5G network are complex security challenges.Ensuring the security and reliability of railway 5G networks is therefore essential.This paper presents a detailed examination of security assessment techniques for railway 5G networks,focusing on addressing the unique security challenges in this field.In this paper,various security requirements in railway 5G networks are analyzed,and specific processes and methods for conducting comprehensive security risk assessments are presented.This study provides a framework for securing railway 5G network development and ensuring its long-term sustainability.
基金supported in part by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.51977012,No.52307080).
摘要This study proposes a method for analyzing the security distance of an Active Distribution Network(ADN)by incorporating the demand response of an Energy Hub(EH).Taking into account the impact of stochastic wind-solar power and flexible loads on the EH,an interactive power model was developed to represent the EH’s operation under these influences.Additionally,an ADN security distance model,integrating an EH with flexible loads,was constructed to evaluate the effect of flexible load variations on the ADN’s security distance.By considering scenarios such as air conditioning(AC)load reduction and base station(BS)load transfer,the security distances of phases A,B,and C increased by 17.1%,17.2%,and 17.7%,respectively.Furthermore,a multi-objective optimal power flow model was formulated and solved using the Forward-Backward Power Flow Algorithm,the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algo-rithm,and the maximum satisfaction method.The simulation results of the IEEE33 node system example demonstrate that after opti-mization,the total energy cost for one day is reduced by 0.026%,and the total security distance limit of the ADN’s three phases is improved by 0.1 MVA.This method effectively enhances the security distance,facilitates BS load transfer and AC load reduction,and contributes to the energy-saving,economical,and safe operation of the power system.
基金supported in part by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)under Grant 102.04-2021.57in part by Culture,Sports and Tourism R&D Program through the Korea Creative Content Agency grant funded by the Ministry of Culture,Sports and Tourism in 2024(Project Name:Global Talent Training Program for Copyright Management Technology in Game Contents,Project Number:RS-2024-00396709,Contribution Rate:100%).
摘要Digital content such as games,extended reality(XR),and movies has been widely and easily distributed over wireless networks.As a result,unauthorized access,copyright infringement by third parties or eavesdroppers,and cyberattacks over these networks have become pressing concerns.Therefore,protecting copyrighted content and preventing illegal distribution in wireless communications has garnered significant attention.The Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)is regarded as a promising technology for future wireless and mobile networks due to its ability to reconfigure the radio propagation environment.This study investigates the security performance of an uplink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)system integrated with an IRS and employing Fountain Codes(FCs).Specifically,two users send signals to the base station at separate distances.A relay receives the signal from the nearby user first and then relays it to the base station.The IRS receives the signal from the distant user and reflects it to the relay,which then sends the reflected signal to the base station.Furthermore,a malevolent eavesdropper intercepts both user and relay communications.We construct mathematical equations for Outage Probability(OP),throughput,diversity evaluation,and Interception Probability(IP),offering quantitative insights to assess system security and performance.Additionally,OP and IP are analyzed using a Deep Neural Network(DNN)model.A deeper comprehension of the security performance of the IRS-assisted NOMA systemin signal transmission is provided by Monte Carlo simulations,which are also carried out to confirm the theoretical conclusions.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1300904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42271119,42371075,42471127)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2023238)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20230203001SF)。
摘要A robust ecological security network(ESN)is essential for ensuring regional ecological security,improving fragile ecological conditions,and promoting sustainable development.Climate change and land use/cover change(LUCC)influence the structure and connectivity of the ESN by impacting ecosystem services(ESs).Previous studies primarily focused on the overall effects of LUCC on ESN changes,but they largely overlooked the effects of detailed LUCC transitions.In this study,we evaluated changes in the structure and connectivity of the ESN in the Songnen Plain(SNP),Northeast China,over the past 30 yr(1990s-2020s)using circuit theory and graph theory.We further explored the effects of climate change,LUCC,and detailed LUCC transformations on ESN changes through factorial control experiments.Results revealed a 24.86%decrease in ecological sources and a 27.06%decrease in ecological corridors,accompanied by a decline in ESN connectivity from the 1990s to the 2010s.Conversely,from the 2010s to the 2020s,ecological sources increased by 14.71%and ecological corridors increased by 25.71%due to ecological projects such as returning farmland to wetlands,resulting in an overall increase in ESN connectivity.The changes in ESN structure were primarily attributed to LUCC effects,followed by climate change effects and their interactions.In contrast,the changes in connectivity were significantly affected by climate change,followed by interactive effects and LUCC.Through detailed examination of LUCC transformation effects,we further found that the changes in ESN structure were primarily attributed to wetland loss,followed by deforestation and urban expansion.Meanwhile,the changes in ESN connectivity were mainly due to the effects of wetland loss,urban expansion and deforestation.Notably,the adverse effects of wetland loss partly offset climate change benefits on ESN.Our study offers valuable insights for developing future land management policies and implementing ecological projects,aimed at maintaining a stable ESN and ensuring sustainable human development.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373240,62273224,U24A20259)Fundamental Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(25TS1414700)。
摘要Dear Editor,The crafted generalized replay attacks(GRAs)can bypass traditional multiplicative watermarking(MW)-based active detection in networked control systems(NCSs),which will seriously destroy system stability or even crash.To address this problem,this letter proposes a novel secure control method by using MW-based detection and data compensation.First,the limitation of traditional MW-based detection method is analysed,and a novel MW-based active detection scheme is proposed by adding an irreversible watermarking detection unit.Then,according to the detection result,an online data compensation scheme based on cubic spline interpolation algorithm is provided,and the maximum allowed attack rate of GRAs is given to maintain the exponential stability of NCSs.Finally,experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
摘要Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm networks are increasingly deployed in surveillance,disaster response,and intelligent transportation systems,where secure and efficient communication is critical under resource-constrained environments.However,conventional public-key-based security mechanisms introduce excessive computational overhead,while standalone intrusion detection systems are insufficient to defend against dynamic and multi-vector attacks in swarm networks.To address these challenges,in this paper,a lightweight time-indexed secure communication framework with intrusion detection modeling(TSCID)is proposed for resource-constrained UAV swarm networks.The proposed TSCID integrates a time-indexed session key derivation mechanism with lightweight authenticated encryption to ensure confidentiality,integrity,replay resistance,and session-key isolation with low computational cost.A security and communication-overhead analysis under standard symmetric-key cryptographic assumptions is conducted to evaluate the practicality and lightweight characteristics of the proposed framework.To enhance resilience against network-level attacks,an intrusion detection module based on deep neural networks is incorporated and optimized through structured pruning,enabling real-time anomaly detection on edge-class UAV devices.Experimental results demonstrate that TSCID reduces communication latency by up to 35%and energy consumption by nearly 30%compared with conventional public-key-based security mechanisms,while the lightweight intrusion detection model achieves over 92%detection accuracy with less than 4%false positives.Analytical and experimental results confirm that the proposed framework provides an efficient and secure solution for real-time UAV swarm communication under strict resource constraints.
基金funded by Youth Program of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant No.2024JC-YBQN-0630)。
摘要Quantum key distribution(QKD)optical networks can provide more secure communications.However,with the increase of the QKD path requests and key updates,network blocking problems will become severe.The blocking problems in the network can become more severe because each fiber link has limited resources(such as wavelengths and time slots).In addition,QKD optical networks are also affected by external disturbances such as data interception and eavesdropping,resulting in inefficient network communication.In this paper,we exploit the idea of protection path to enhance the anti-interference ability of QKD optical network.By introducing the concept of security metric,we propose a routing wavelength and time slot allocation algorithm(RWTA)based on protection path,which can lessen the blocking problem of QKD optical network.According to simulation analysis,the security-metric-based RWTA algorithm(SM-RWTA)proposed in this paper can substantially improve the success rate of security key(SK)update and significantly reduce the blocking rate of the network.It can also improve the utilization rate of resources such as wavelengths and time slots.Compared with the non-security-metric-based RWTA algorithm(NSM-RWTA),our algorithm is robust and can enhance the anti-interference ability and security of QKD optical networks.
基金supported by State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.Science and Technology Project,Research on Security Protection of Power Services Carried by 4G/5G Networks(Grant No.KJ2024-127).
摘要The rapid growth of Internet of things devices and the emergence of rapidly evolving network threats have made traditional security assessment methods inadequate.Federated learning offers a promising solution to expedite the training of security assessment models.However,ensuring the trustworthiness and robustness of federated learning under multi-party collaboration scenarios remains a challenge.To address these issues,this study proposes a shard aggregation network structure and a malicious node detection mechanism,along with improvements to the federated learning training process.First,we extract the data features of the participants by using spectral clustering methods combined with a Gaussian kernel function.Then,we introduce a multi-objective decision-making approach that combines data distribution consistency,consensus communication overhead,and consensus result reliability in order to determine the final network sharing scheme.Finally,by integrating the federated learning aggregation process with the malicious node detection mechanism,we improve the traditional decentralized learning process.Our proposed ShardFed algorithm outperforms conventional classification algorithms and state-of-the-art machine learning methods like FedProx and FedCurv in convergence speed,robustness against data interference,and adaptability across multiple scenarios.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach improves model accuracy by up to 2.33%under non-independent and identically distributed data conditions,maintains higher performance with malicious nodes containing poisoned data ratios of 20%–50%,and significantly enhances model resistance to low-quality data.
摘要This study introduces an innovative hybrid approach that integrates deep learning with blockchain technology to improve cybersecurity,focusing on network intrusion detection systems(NIDS).The main goal is to overcome the shortcomings of conventional intrusion detection techniques by developing amore flexible and robust security architecture.We use seven unique machine learning models to improve detection skills,emphasizing data quality,traceability,and transparency,facilitated by a blockchain layer that safeguards against datamodification and ensures auditability.Our technique employs the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)to equilibrate the dataset,therefore mitigating prevalent class imbalance difficulties in intrusion detection.The model selection procedure determined that Random Forest was the most successful model,with a notable detection accuracy of 97%.This substantially surpasses conventional methods and enhances the system’s capacity to identify both established and novel threats with exceptional accuracy.To optimize feature selection and maximize performance,we use Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),which improves the significance of chosen features while reducing the danger of overfitting.Our study indicates that the integrated use of machine learning for pattern identification,multi-factor authentication(MFA)for access security,and blockchain for data validation constitutes a thorough and sustainable cybersecurity solution.This architecture not only increases security but also lowers the need for regular human monitoring,significantly cutting energy consumption connected with cybersecurity infrastructure.The research finds that this integrated strategy provides a realistic road for increasing network security,addressing real-world cyber threats,and promoting eco-friendly practices in IT security.
摘要Amid intensifying global cyberspace confrontation,traditional security systems face nonsystematized defenses,asymmetric cost challenges,and quantum computing threats,highlighting the urgent need for a new security paradigm with proactive defense capabilities.In response,this paper proposes the“quantum-native security”theoretical framework,which integrates cutting-edge quantum technologies such as quantum random number generation,quantum keys,quantum identification,quantum genes,and quantum vaccines.Based on quantum-native security protocols,a multi-dimensional quantum security architecture is constructed,covering terminals,networks,applications,and data.Research demonstrates that quantum random numbers,with their inherent physical unpredictability,can effectively resolve the vulnerabilities of traditional pseudo-random algorithms.Additionally,this paper introduces the“network-protection-network”quantum guardian paradigm,leveraging quantum backbone networks as a trusted foundation to upgrade from point-based protection to comprehensive collaborative defense.This study presents innovative solutions to counter the emerging threats posed by quantum computing and lays the foundation for developing an autonomous,controllable next-generation cybersecurity system.
摘要Amidst the burgeoning technological revolution and the growing China-United States rivalry,the second Trump administration has elevated science and technology security to the core of its national security strategy.The underlying logic of its narrative portraying China as a threat to science and technology security is to sustain America's technological hegemony.It has been advancing policies in the science and technology sector through a two-pronged approach-i.e.,strengthening science and technology capabilities at home while uniting allies to contain adversaries globally.Compared to Joe Biden,Donald Trump,in his second term,has placed a greater emphasis on specific issues and tangible results in terms of science and technology policy.He has established four pillars:concentrating resources on developing game-changing technologies,addressing shor tcomings that hinder scientif ic and technological innovation and advancement,creating a regulatory system that audits the whole chain,and reconstructing an alliance network tied together by diverse interests.Thus,a relatively clear logical loop has taken shape,encompassing goal orientation,foundational support,security protection,and amplified synergy and reflecting a distinctly pragmatic policy approach.While the implementation of relevant policies is likely to intensify during Trump's presidency,their long-term continuity remains highly uncertain due to domestic and international structural constraints.Regardless of their future trajectory,the second Trump administration's science and technology security policies have broken up the traditional paradigm of technology governance and profoundly reshaped the global science and technology ecosystem.
摘要The 5G-R network is on the verge of entering the construction stage.Given that the dedicated network for railways is closely linked to train operation safety,there are extremely high requirements for network security.As a result,there is an urgent need to conduct research on 5G-R network security.To comprehensively enhance the end-to-end security protection of the 5G-R network,this study summarized the security requirements of the GSM-R network,analyzed the security risks and requirements faced by the 5G-R network,and proposed an overall 5G-R network security architecture.The security technical schemes were detailed from various aspects:5G-R infrastructure security,terminal access security,networking security,operation and maintenance security,data security,and network boundary security.Additionally,the study proposed leveraging the 5G-R security situation awareness system to achieve a comprehensive upgrade from basic security technologies to endogenous security capabilities within the 5G-R system.