Phosphorus tends to migrate into metallic iron during the direct reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore,leading to undesirable phosphorus enrichment in metallic iron.However,the underlying reduction and migrati...Phosphorus tends to migrate into metallic iron during the direct reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore,leading to undesirable phosphorus enrichment in metallic iron.However,the underlying reduction and migration mechanisms remain poorly understood.Phosphorus behavior during coal-based reduction was systematically investigated through theoretical modeling and experimental approaches.Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the carbon reduction of solid Ca3(PO4)2to gaseous P2requires temperatures exceeding 1400℃.Notably,this threshold significantly decreases to 1130.5℃in the presence of SiO2and Al2O3.Further investigations demonstrated that Ca3(PO4)2co-reduces with FexOγin the presence of SiO2-Al2O3-FexOγ,forming Fe3P(instead of gaseous P2)at a markedly lower temperature of 778.7℃.Mechanistic studies indicate that the inherent thermal stability of Ca3(PO4)2inhibits the generation of reactive[P2O5].However,SiO2-Al2O3coexistence destabilizes Ca3(PO4)2while exponentially enhancing[P2O5]activity.This synergistic effect dramatically promotes the phosphorus mineral reduction.Characterization confirmed that Ca3(PO4)2migrated into the slag phase(4FeO·Al2O3·3SiO2·CaO·P2O5).Subsequently,the reactive P2O5in slag is reduced with metallic iron to form Fe3P,which further dissolves into theα-Fe matrix through solid-state diffusion,ultimately generating Fe-P solid solutions.展开更多
Magnetic hyperthermia uses magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)to generate the heat used for damaging cancer cells under an alternating magnetic field.In fact,the MNPs tend to gather at the injection center and also occur the...Magnetic hyperthermia uses magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)to generate the heat used for damaging cancer cells under an alternating magnetic field.In fact,the MNPs tend to gather at the injection center and also occur the clustering phenomenon at the same time when injecting into tumor tissue,which however can ultimately result in the excessive concentration of heat in the injection site.Thus,this study aims at improving the MNPs concentration distribution after the injection behavior by considering the action of a static gradient magnetic field,and finally optimizes both temperature situation and thermal damage degree for tumor tissue during magnetic hyperthermia.The MNPs distribution inside a proposed liver tumor is simulated by adopting a Monte Carlo method with adaptive step size,which consists of enough number of small size particles used to analyze the behavior of migration,diffusion,and chain-like phenomenon.The research results demonstrate that the introduction of static gradient magnetic field can disperse the MNPs and form a chainlike distribution inside tumor,and can then expand the distribution range of MNPs,thereby optimizing the thermal damage degree of tumor tissue.In addition,a PID controller with proper setting coefficients is also proven to be able to improve the therapeutic effect for hyperthermia by shortening the rising time to the critical temperature when proper coefficients are set properly during therapy.展开更多
Sodium layered oxides stand out as one of the most promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries due to their high energy density,elemental abundance,and scalability.However,their practical applications are restricted b...Sodium layered oxides stand out as one of the most promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries due to their high energy density,elemental abundance,and scalability.However,their practical applications are restricted by interplanar gliding,cation migration,and the formation of intragranular microcracks,which collectively lead to rapid structural degradation and capacity loss.Herein,we rationally design an ultrastable O3-type Na0.94Ca0.03Ni1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode,in which Ca2+cations act as pillars within the NaO2slabs,suppressing the irreversible phase transitions and Na/TM cation migration commonly observed in layered oxides.Multiscale in situ and ex situ techniques,combined with post-mortem analysis,reveal that the Ca-pillared pinning effect not only effectively suppresses the interplanar gliding and stress accumulation within the crystal phase but also restrains Na/TM cation migration and surface reconstruction in near-surface regions.Benefiting from the combined effects of structural stabilization,the Ca-pillared cathode exhibits a superior cycling stability,retaining 81.6%of its capacity after 1000 cycles at 2 C within the voltage range of 2.0-4.0 V,along with significantly enhanced wide-temperature(from-40 to 80℃)performance.This work highlights another critical role of Ca pillars in suppressing cation migration and surface structural degradation beyond preventing adverse interplanar gliding,offering valuable insights for designing long-life and wide-temperature layered oxide cathodes.展开更多
The adsorption of ferrihydrite colloids(Fh-NPs)on solid-phase media is the main factor determining their migration.However,most studies on colloids migration only provide qualitative descriptions.This study explored t...The adsorption of ferrihydrite colloids(Fh-NPs)on solid-phase media is the main factor determining their migration.However,most studies on colloids migration only provide qualitative descriptions.This study explored the impact and mechanisms of humic acids(HAs)and fulvic acids(FAs)on Fh-NPs migration in different saturated media via quantitative adsorption analysis.The coexistence of high HAs/FAs concentration promoted the migration of Fh-NPs in the negatively charged kaolinite-coated sand columns,but hindered migration in the positively charged MgAl-layered double hydroxides(LDH)-coated sand columns.The high HAs/FAs concentration combined with Fh-NPs reversed the surface positive charge of Fh-NPs,reducing adsorption capacity of kaolinite for Fh-NPs to 1.93/3.93 mg/g(from 20.8 mg/g without HAs/FAs)and increasing that of LDH for Fh-NPs to 31.1/30.6 mg/g(from nearly 0 mg/g without HAs/FAs).HAs/FAs could also combine with LDH to form a composite solid phase,thereby increasing the adsorption capacity of the solid phase for Fh-NPs.Furthermore,the influence of HAs on the Fh-NPs migration behavior was more significant than that of FAs due to the stronger binding interaction between HAs and Fh-NPs.Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy revealed that Fh-NPs that preferentially combined with HAs/FAs caused a decrease in the ability of HAs/FAs to complex with kaolinite and LDH.The results of the present study provided a deep understanding of the migration mechanism of Fh-NPs and HAs/FAs in the soil environment,and provided scientific basis for predicting the geochemical behavior of pollutants or carbon in the soil environment.展开更多
Regulating the critical process of proton migration from water dissociation for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a challenge.Herein,we propose an electrostatic attraction strategy to achieve t...Regulating the critical process of proton migration from water dissociation for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a challenge.Herein,we propose an electrostatic attraction strategy to achieve the migration of a highly efficient hydrogen species to Pt sites over Pt/Co@NC,which is obtained through a facile calcination and electrodeposition method.It exhibits an outstanding geometric activity(η10=31 m V),which surpasses the commercial 20 wt%Pt/C(η10=37 mV).Moreover,the mass activity of Pt/Co@NC is 5.6 A mgPt-1 at-50 mV vs.RHE,which is 2.23 times higher than that of 20 wt%Pt/C.Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the work function of the outer carbon layer,which is changed by the introduction of the inner cobalt core,plays a crucial role in reversing the direction of electron migration between the carbon layer and Pt.The negatively charged Ptδ-can spontaneously attract positively charged protons via the electrostatic interaction effect,thereby achieving the directional migration of hydrogen species.This work presents a strategy for designing advanced alkaline HER electrocatalysts by the electrostatic effect.展开更多
Liquid biodegradable mulching film(LBMFs)technology,an innovative agricultural technology,shows dual potential in plastic pollution reduction and heavy metal contamination control.Although their agronomic benefits are...Liquid biodegradable mulching film(LBMFs)technology,an innovative agricultural technology,shows dual potential in plastic pollution reduction and heavy metal contamination control.Although their agronomic benefits are recognized,the underlying mechanisms of LBMFs in regulating heavy metal biogeochemical cycles remain inadequately understood.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of lignin-based(JH)and chitosan-based(LB)LBMFs in modifying heavy metal speciation and minimizing their uptake by crops.The results indicated that JH and LB significantly enhanced soil organic matter(SOM)by 14.29%-27.01%and cation exchange capacity(CEC)by 20.65%-247.17%,compared to soil blank control,primarily due to the enrichment of colloids derived from lignin/chitosan and the stimulation of microbial activity.Both films reduced the bioavailability of Cd and Pb by promoting their transition from mobile acid solubleeducible(F1/F2)fractions to stable oxidizableesidual(F3/F4)fractions.In contrast,Cu and Zn speciation remained stable due to strong mineral interactions.The LBMFs also inhibited the transfer of heavy metals to edible crops.Crop-specific translocation factor(TF)variations were observed,with JH reducing pak choi TF by 32.62%-76.09%but increasing radish TF by 33.47%-437.55%,linked to lignin’s root chelation and chitosan’s phloem transport dynamics.Additionally,Mantel analysis confirmed bioconcentration factor(BCF)/TF reductions correlated strongly with elevated SOM(r=0.82/0.73)and CEC(r=0.80/0.77),governed by organo-mineral complexation and competitive cation displacement.This work positions LBMFs as valuable tools for enhancing soil health and reducing dietary risks associated with heavy metals in contaminated agricultural lands.展开更多
Reverse Time Migration(RTM)stands as one of the foremost advanced seismic wave imaging techniques.For elastic wave RTM,the separation of P-and S-waves prior to imaging is crucial to eectively prevent cross-talk interf...Reverse Time Migration(RTM)stands as one of the foremost advanced seismic wave imaging techniques.For elastic wave RTM,the separation of P-and S-waves prior to imaging is crucial to eectively prevent cross-talk interference between these wave modes.While more sophisticated P-and S-wave separation methods based on decoupled wave equations currently exist,the approach utilizing divergence and curl operators retains signicant practical value in elastic RTM due to its inherent simplicity in implementation and lower computational demand.However,existing P-and S-wave separation methods founded on divergence and curl operators lack a corresponding methodology for calculating decoupled P-and S-wave Poynting vectors.These decoupled Poynting vectors are vital as they can respectively indicate the propagation directions of P-and S-waves,and their application within elastic RTM can markedly improve imaging quality.This paper derives new formulas for calculating P-and S-wave Poynting vectors that correspond to the wave separation achieved through divergence and curl operators.This approach permits the accurate determination of P-and S-wave propagation directions without altering the original wave equations and has been applied to elastic RTM,ensuring higher computational efciency throughout the imaging process.Imaging test results from both the Graben and Marmousi models demonstrate that,compared to traditional coupled Poynting vectors,the decoupled P-and S-wave Poynting vectors proposed herein achieve superior suppression of migration noise and artifacts in elastic RTM.Furthermore,they facilitate accurate S-wave polarity correction,leading to clearer imaging interfaces in migration proles and more reliable overall results.The methodology presented in this paper broadens the application scenarios for elastic RTM under current computational resource constraints and is poised to stimulate further development of P-and S-wave separation methods based on divergence and curl operators within the eld of RTM.展开更多
Bacterial cells are widely accepted as nucleation sites for calcium carbonate precipitation in biomineralization based on the Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation(MICP)process.For MICP-based insitu biotreatment...Bacterial cells are widely accepted as nucleation sites for calcium carbonate precipitation in biomineralization based on the Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation(MICP)process.For MICP-based insitu biotreatment,the firstproblem to be solved is how to introduce and retain the bacterial cells in the soil,which involves the migration and retention of bacterial cells during the biogrouting process.Soil particle size,a key factor in determining pore throat size,can have a significanteffect on the migration and retention of bacterial cells in the soil and therefore on biomineralization.To investigate the effect of particle size on the migration and retention of bacterial cells in sand and its biomineralization,two sets of tests were carried out in this study,including percolation tests and sand column treatment tests.Soil urease activity(definedas urease activity per unit mass of soil)and calcium carbonate content of the biomineralized sand were measured to comprehensively assess the migration and retention of bacterial cells in the sand.The results indicate that sands with a particle size smaller than 0.25 mmwould inhibit the migration of bacteria in the sand,resulting in a nonuniform distribution of precipitated calcium carbonate and a low strength enhancement of biomineralization.On the other hand,sands with a particle size larger than 1.18 mm are unfavorable for retaining bacterial cells in the sand,resulting in low calcium conversion efficiency.Meanwhile,particle size would also affect the formation of effective calcium carbonate through interparticle contact number and interparticle pore size,and thus biomineralization.展开更多
To investigate the mechanism governing the continuous decline in fracture conductivity of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs post-hydraulic fracturing,this study centers on the synergistic effects of two key mechani...To investigate the mechanism governing the continuous decline in fracture conductivity of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs post-hydraulic fracturing,this study centers on the synergistic effects of two key mechanisms—particle migration and proppant embedment.Through the integration of laboratory experiments and computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)coupled numerical simulations,this study systematically examines the influence patterns of varying closure pressures,particle concentrations,fluid properties,and proppant parameters on fracture conductivity.The experimental results demonstrate that particle migration induces pore blockage within the proppant packing layer.When the fines mass concentration reaches 10%,fracture conductivity is almost entirely lost.Furthermore,the embedment depth of proppants increases with increasing closure pressure,and the embedment depth of proppants with a high elastic modulus is twice that of those with a low elastic modulus under a closure pressure of 35 MPa.Numerical simulations further reveal that fluid viscosity and displacement rate significantly govern the migration range and blockage pattern of particles.When the fluid viscosity is 10 mPa·s and the displacement rate is 200 mL/min,a balance between fracturing construction efficiency and fracture damage can be attained.The coupled model developed in this study accurately predicts the attenuation law of fracture conductivity under the synergistic effect of these two mechanisms.This model addresses the gap in understanding the coupled effects of mechanisms in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in existing literature and provides a theoretical foundation and engineering guidance for parameter optimization in the fracturing design of such reservoirs.展开更多
The performance of iron ore pellets was influenced by gangue mineral interactions and alkali metal migration during the oxidation and reduction processes.A novel synergistic strategy was proposed to optimize pellet pr...The performance of iron ore pellets was influenced by gangue mineral interactions and alkali metal migration during the oxidation and reduction processes.A novel synergistic strategy was proposed to optimize pellet properties by regulating the liquid phase content coupled with MgO addition.The effects of SiO2and MgO contents on liquid phase generation,pellet microstructure,compressive strength,reduction swelling index(RSI),and reduction index(RI)were systematically investigated.The results showed that the increasing SiO2content significantly enhanced liquid phase formation,thereby improving compressive strength and reducing RSI,but lowering RI.MgO promoted the formation of MgxFe3-xO4during oxidation,increasing porosity and enhancing RI while slightly compromising mechanical strength.In addition,MgxFe3-xO4reduced the expansion during the initial reduction stage(Fe2O3→Fe3O4).Optimal performance was achieved when the liquid phase content in the roasted pellet was maintained at 11%-13%and MgO at 2.0%-2.6%,with compressive strength exceeding 2500 N,RSI below 20%,and RI above 64%.In addition,doubling the liquid phase content reduced the concentration of alkali metals diffused into the iron oxide lattice by approximately 50%,mitigating the localized precipitation of metallic iron whiskers during the final reduction stage(FexO→Fe).Alkali metal doped into iron oxides during oxidation had a more pronounced effect on swelling behavior than the reduction process.These findings offered practical insights into high-performance pellet production under industrial conditions.展开更多
Automated library migration reduces refactoring costs but challenges traditional evolutionary algorithms,which often suffer from premature convergence and poor recall in sparse,complex API mapping spaces.To address th...Automated library migration reduces refactoring costs but challenges traditional evolutionary algorithms,which often suffer from premature convergence and poor recall in sparse,complex API mapping spaces.To address this,we propose QIMIG,a multi-objective optimization framework integrating quantum-inspired encoding with quality-aware and greedy heuristic filtering.QIMIG utilizes a probabilistic Q-bit representation to maintain population diversity and avoid local optima.Simultaneously,its heuristic components leverage historical usage context to filter semantic noise and guide the search toward valid mappings.Evaluated on 9 real-world migration rules derived from 57,447 open-source projects,QIMIG statistically significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines such as UNSGA-III.The framework achieves a global mean F1-score of 0.92,exceeding the best-performing baseline by an absolute margin of 0.05,and demonstrates strong stability in resolving complex mapping structures.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel Range Migration Algorithm(RMA)integrated with an adaptive background filtering method specifically designed for near-field millimeter-wave imaging scenarios where targets are in close proxi...This paper proposes a novel Range Migration Algorithm(RMA)integrated with an adaptive background filtering method specifically designed for near-field millimeter-wave imaging scenarios where targets are in close proximity to background structures.This method simulates the attention distribution mode of the human visual system which is used in Artificial Intelligence(AI)and called the Attention Mechanism.Based on the concept of static clutter filtering,the frequency-domain signals of the scanning aperture are divided into grid cells.Background scattering functions are established by analyzing the motion processes within each cell,and the background interference is linearly filtered out.An analysis of the manifestation of background scattering interference within the algorithm is carried out,and the impact of the grid cell dimension on the imaging quality is investigated.Experimental results show that the proposed method exhibits the capability to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of both the target and the background.It effectively suppresses the background interference,leading to a more prominent image,meanwhile without imposing the excessive computational load.The method offers a novel solution for improving the performance of millimeter-wave imaging technology in practical applications.展开更多
In wave-equation migration and demigration,the cross-correlation imaging/forwarding step implicitly injects an additional copy of the source wavelet,so that the amplitude spectrum of the wavelet is applied redundantly...In wave-equation migration and demigration,the cross-correlation imaging/forwarding step implicitly injects an additional copy of the source wavelet,so that the amplitude spectrum of the wavelet is applied redundantly(effectively imposing a wavelet-spectrum weighting,often akin to an amplitude-squared bias).This redundancy degrades structural fidelity and amplitude balance yet is frequently overlooked.We(i)formalize the mechanism by which cross-correlation duplicates the source-wavelet amplitude effect in both migration and demigration,and(ii)introduce a source-equalized operator that removes the redundancy by deconvolving(or dividing by)the wavelet amplitude spectrum in the imaging condition and its demigration counterpart,while leaving phase/kinematics intact.Using a band-limited Ricker wavelet on a two-layer model and on Marmousi,we show that,if unmanaged,the redundant wavelet spectrum broadens main lobes,introduces ringing,and suppresses vertical resolution in migrated images,and inflates spectrum mismatches between demigrated and observed data even when peak times agree.With our correction,images recover observed-data-consistent bandwidth and sharpened interfaces,and demigrated data also exhibit improved spectrum conformity and reduced amplitude misfit.The results clarify when source amplitudes matter,why cross-correlation makes them redundantly matter,and how a lightweight spectral correction restores physically meaningful amplitude behavior in wave-equation migration/demigration.展开更多
With the increasing use of passive seismic data,developing seismic reflection imaging methods based on passive data is of considerable practical significance.This study presents a waveform-matching reverse time migrat...With the increasing use of passive seismic data,developing seismic reflection imaging methods based on passive data is of considerable practical significance.This study presents a waveform-matching reverse time migration for the primary reflected data from local earthquakes.In order to mitigate inconsistencies in frequency band and energy across earthquakes of different magnitudes,we first establish reference seismic waveform with standardized dominant frequency and magnitude.A matching operator is derived for each event by matching its waveforms with the reference waveform.This operator is then applied via convolution to all waveforms,producing standardized seismic waveforms with consistent wavelet features.The reshaped waveforms are then subjected to reverse time migration using an impedance imaging condition for primary reflections.To suppress strong energy interference near the hypocenters,both illumination compensation and three-dimensional Smoothed Spherical Mask centered on each source are used.Numerical tests using both simple two-layer model and fault-containing model demonstrate that the new method is robust and effective.The reverse time migration of primary reflected data of local earthquakes accurately images underground impedance boundaries such as stratum interfaces and fault planes,showing its promise for future application in seismically active fault zones.展开更多
In this paper,a model of branching processes with migration and affected by viral infectivity in independent and identically distributed(i.i.d.)random environments is established firstly.Then the Markov property,condi...In this paper,a model of branching processes with migration and affected by viral infectivity in independent and identically distributed(i.i.d.)random environments is established firstly.Then the Markov property,conditional probability generating function and conditional expectation of the model are studied.Finally,under certain conditions,some sufficient conditions for certain extinction of processes are given,and some related theories of branching processes in random environments are generalized.展开更多
The sound scattering layer(SSL)is a widespread acoustic characteristic in the global ocean,primarily formed by densely distributed zooplankton and small pelagic fish.As an important component of the marine ecosystem,t...The sound scattering layer(SSL)is a widespread acoustic characteristic in the global ocean,primarily formed by densely distributed zooplankton and small pelagic fish.As an important component of the marine ecosystem,the SSL plays a crucial role in vertical energy transfer,carbon flux,and food web interactions.Diel vertical migration(DVM)is the primary behavioral characteristic of the SSL,driven by a combination of environmental and biological factors,including illumination,water temperature,dissolved oxygen concentrations,food availability,and predation pressure.However,due to limitations in long-term observation capacity,the accumulation of acoustic data,and differences in regional research priorities,the depth of understanding of SSLs varies among different marine regions.This review systematically examines the composition,classification,and DVM characteristics of SSLs,with a particular focus on their research status in the Pacific Ocean,the Atlantic Ocean,the Indian Ocean,the polar seas,and the coastal ocean of China.The knowledge of survey status,biological composition,distribution patterns,and DVM behaviors in these regions provides a scientific foundation for advancing the understanding of SSL dynamics.It also supports the sustainable development and management of fishery resources under climate and marine environmental change.展开更多
Investigating the roles of diverse nuclear receptors in the toxicological effects induced by perfluorinated iodine alkanes(PFIs)is critical,given their(ant)agonistic activities on estrogen receptors(ERs)and retinoic a...Investigating the roles of diverse nuclear receptors in the toxicological effects induced by perfluorinated iodine alkanes(PFIs)is critical,given their(ant)agonistic activities on estrogen receptors(ERs)and retinoic acid receptor alpha(RARα).In this study,two PFIs,namely tridecafluorohexyl iodide(PFHxI)and dodecafluoro-1,6-diiodohexane(PFHxDI),were evaluated for their impacts on the malignancy of breast cancer cells.The in vitro and in silico results revealed PFIs induced ERαagonism and RARα antagonism.Both PFIs remarkably promoted the migration,invasion,and proliferation of MCF-7 cells,while they had negligible effects on MDA-MB-231 cells.The pro-migratory effects of PFIs on MCF-7 cells were abolished by an ERαantagonist of 4-hydroxytamoxifen,indicating the substantial role of ERα signaling in cancer cell progression.The RAR agonist,all-trans retinoic acid(atRA),remarkably inhibited the migration of MCF-7 and RARα-overexpressed MDA-MB-231(namely,MDA-RARα)cells,indicating RARα agonism lowered the malignancy of tumor cells.Although PFI-induced RARα antagonism alone had no effects on the migration of MDA-RARαcells,it did recover that compromised by atRA.This study provides new evidence on the promotion effects of PFIs on breast cancer cells,and reveals the multi-nuclear receptor-regulated mechanisms for understanding intricate toxicological effects of emerging pollutants.展开更多
Peripheral nerve defect repair is a complex process that involves multiple cell types;perineurial cells play a pivotal role.Hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote perineurial cell proliferation and migration vi...Peripheral nerve defect repair is a complex process that involves multiple cell types;perineurial cells play a pivotal role.Hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote perineurial cell proliferation and migration via paracrine signaling;however,their clinical applications are limited by potential risks such as tumorigenesis and xenogeneic immune rejection,which are similar to the risks associated with other stem cell transplantations.The present study therefore focuses on small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells,which preserve the bioactive properties of the parent cells while avoiding the transplantation-associated risks.In vitro,small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells significantly enhanced the proliferation,migration,tube formation,and barrier function of perineurial cells,and subsequently upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins.Furthermore,in a rat model of sciatic nerve defects bridged with silicon tubes,treatment with small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells resulted in higher tight junction protein expression in perineurial cells,thus facilitating neural tissue regeneration.At 10 weeks post-surgery,rats treated with small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells exhibited improved nerve function recovery and reduced muscle atrophy.Transcriptomic and micro RNA analyses revealed that small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells deliver mi R-21-5p,which inhibits mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 expression,thereby activating the transforming growth factor-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog signaling pathway and upregulating hyaluronan synthase 2 expression,and further enhancing tight junction protein expression.Together,our findings indicate that small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote the proliferation,migration,and tight junction protein formation of perineurial cells.These results provide new insights into peripheral nerve regeneration from the perspective of perineurial cells,and present a novel approach for the clinical treatment of peripheral nerve defects.展开更多
Petroleum extraction and transportation in cold regions often result in leakage accidents,which can cause severe environmental pollution.The prevalent freeze-thaw cycles in these areas significantly influence the migr...Petroleum extraction and transportation in cold regions often result in leakage accidents,which can cause severe environmental pollution.The prevalent freeze-thaw cycles in these areas significantly influence the migration and dispersion of petroleum.Therefore,understanding these processes is essential for effective environmental protection.The experimental results indicate that capillary action,liquid pressure,and particle adsorption primarily influence petroleum migration in the unfrozen zone.Under freeze-thaw cycles,proper temperature gradients facilitate petroleum migration from unfrozen to frozen zone,while extreme temperature gradients impede this migration.The migration processes of water and petroleum are interdependent and mutually restrictive.An increase in initial moisture content promotes petroleum migration.However,when the moisture content exceeds a certain threshold,a significant amount of pore water(or ice)occupies the pore space,which hinders petroleum migration.Additionally,as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases,the capability of petroleum to migrate into the frozen zone significantly improves.These findings provide experimental methods and scientific evidence for further exploration of petroleum migration mechanisms in cold regions and the development of effective soil contamination remediation strategies.展开更多
Adult neurogenesis continuously produces new neurons critical for cognitive plasticity in adult rodents.While it is known transforming growth factor-βsignaling is important in embryonic neurogenesis,its role in postn...Adult neurogenesis continuously produces new neurons critical for cognitive plasticity in adult rodents.While it is known transforming growth factor-βsignaling is important in embryonic neurogenesis,its role in postnatal neurogenesis remains unclear.In this study,to define the precise role of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in postnatal neurogenesis at distinct stages of the neurogenic cascade both in vitro and in vivo,we developed two novel inducible and cell type-specific mouse models to specifically silence transforming growth factor-βsignaling in neural stem cells in(mGFAPcre-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9)or immature neuroblasts in(DCXcreERT2-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9).Our data showed that exogenous transforming growth factor-βtreatment led to inhibition of the proliferation of primary neural stem cells while stimulating their migration.These effects were abolished in activin-like kinase 5(ALK5)knockout primary neural stem cells.Consistent with this,inhibition of transforming growth factor-βsignaling with SB-431542 in wild-type neural stem cells stimulated proliferation while inhibited the migration of neural stem cells.Interestingly,deletion of transforming growth factor-βreceptor in neural stem cells in vivo inhibited the migration of postnatal born neurons in mGFAPcre-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9 mice,while abolishment of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in immature neuroblasts in DCXcreERT2-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9 mice did not affect the migration of these cells in the hippocampus.In summary,our data supports a dual role of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells in vitro.Moreover,our data provides novel insights on cell type-specific-dependent requirements of transforming growth factor-βsignaling on neural stem cell proliferation and migration in vivo.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFC3903900 and 2023YFC3903904)the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Foundation of China(No.52404356)the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(No.BWLCF202216)。
摘要Phosphorus tends to migrate into metallic iron during the direct reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore,leading to undesirable phosphorus enrichment in metallic iron.However,the underlying reduction and migration mechanisms remain poorly understood.Phosphorus behavior during coal-based reduction was systematically investigated through theoretical modeling and experimental approaches.Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the carbon reduction of solid Ca3(PO4)2to gaseous P2requires temperatures exceeding 1400℃.Notably,this threshold significantly decreases to 1130.5℃in the presence of SiO2and Al2O3.Further investigations demonstrated that Ca3(PO4)2co-reduces with FexOγin the presence of SiO2-Al2O3-FexOγ,forming Fe3P(instead of gaseous P2)at a markedly lower temperature of 778.7℃.Mechanistic studies indicate that the inherent thermal stability of Ca3(PO4)2inhibits the generation of reactive[P2O5].However,SiO2-Al2O3coexistence destabilizes Ca3(PO4)2while exponentially enhancing[P2O5]activity.This synergistic effect dramatically promotes the phosphorus mineral reduction.Characterization confirmed that Ca3(PO4)2migrated into the slag phase(4FeO·Al2O3·3SiO2·CaO·P2O5).Subsequently,the reactive P2O5in slag is reduced with metallic iron to form Fe3P,which further dissolves into theα-Fe matrix through solid-state diffusion,ultimately generating Fe-P solid solutions.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62471144 and 62071124)in part by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(BR)(CNPq)(Grant No.315546/2021-2)。
摘要Magnetic hyperthermia uses magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)to generate the heat used for damaging cancer cells under an alternating magnetic field.In fact,the MNPs tend to gather at the injection center and also occur the clustering phenomenon at the same time when injecting into tumor tissue,which however can ultimately result in the excessive concentration of heat in the injection site.Thus,this study aims at improving the MNPs concentration distribution after the injection behavior by considering the action of a static gradient magnetic field,and finally optimizes both temperature situation and thermal damage degree for tumor tissue during magnetic hyperthermia.The MNPs distribution inside a proposed liver tumor is simulated by adopting a Monte Carlo method with adaptive step size,which consists of enough number of small size particles used to analyze the behavior of migration,diffusion,and chain-like phenomenon.The research results demonstrate that the introduction of static gradient magnetic field can disperse the MNPs and form a chainlike distribution inside tumor,and can then expand the distribution range of MNPs,thereby optimizing the thermal damage degree of tumor tissue.In addition,a PID controller with proper setting coefficients is also proven to be able to improve the therapeutic effect for hyperthermia by shortening the rising time to the critical temperature when proper coefficients are set properly during therapy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2406000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479057,52172201,51732005)。
摘要Sodium layered oxides stand out as one of the most promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries due to their high energy density,elemental abundance,and scalability.However,their practical applications are restricted by interplanar gliding,cation migration,and the formation of intragranular microcracks,which collectively lead to rapid structural degradation and capacity loss.Herein,we rationally design an ultrastable O3-type Na0.94Ca0.03Ni1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode,in which Ca2+cations act as pillars within the NaO2slabs,suppressing the irreversible phase transitions and Na/TM cation migration commonly observed in layered oxides.Multiscale in situ and ex situ techniques,combined with post-mortem analysis,reveal that the Ca-pillared pinning effect not only effectively suppresses the interplanar gliding and stress accumulation within the crystal phase but also restrains Na/TM cation migration and surface reconstruction in near-surface regions.Benefiting from the combined effects of structural stabilization,the Ca-pillared cathode exhibits a superior cycling stability,retaining 81.6%of its capacity after 1000 cycles at 2 C within the voltage range of 2.0-4.0 V,along with significantly enhanced wide-temperature(from-40 to 80℃)performance.This work highlights another critical role of Ca pillars in suppressing cation migration and surface structural degradation beyond preventing adverse interplanar gliding,offering valuable insights for designing long-life and wide-temperature layered oxide cathodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41931288,42277238,and 42377215)the Local Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of Guangdong Special Support Program(No.2019BT02L218)。
摘要The adsorption of ferrihydrite colloids(Fh-NPs)on solid-phase media is the main factor determining their migration.However,most studies on colloids migration only provide qualitative descriptions.This study explored the impact and mechanisms of humic acids(HAs)and fulvic acids(FAs)on Fh-NPs migration in different saturated media via quantitative adsorption analysis.The coexistence of high HAs/FAs concentration promoted the migration of Fh-NPs in the negatively charged kaolinite-coated sand columns,but hindered migration in the positively charged MgAl-layered double hydroxides(LDH)-coated sand columns.The high HAs/FAs concentration combined with Fh-NPs reversed the surface positive charge of Fh-NPs,reducing adsorption capacity of kaolinite for Fh-NPs to 1.93/3.93 mg/g(from 20.8 mg/g without HAs/FAs)and increasing that of LDH for Fh-NPs to 31.1/30.6 mg/g(from nearly 0 mg/g without HAs/FAs).HAs/FAs could also combine with LDH to form a composite solid phase,thereby increasing the adsorption capacity of the solid phase for Fh-NPs.Furthermore,the influence of HAs on the Fh-NPs migration behavior was more significant than that of FAs due to the stronger binding interaction between HAs and Fh-NPs.Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy revealed that Fh-NPs that preferentially combined with HAs/FAs caused a decrease in the ability of HAs/FAs to complex with kaolinite and LDH.The results of the present study provided a deep understanding of the migration mechanism of Fh-NPs and HAs/FAs in the soil environment,and provided scientific basis for predicting the geochemical behavior of pollutants or carbon in the soil environment.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJB610003)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240339)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China(No.2023KJ104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202092)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022QE076)。
摘要Regulating the critical process of proton migration from water dissociation for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a challenge.Herein,we propose an electrostatic attraction strategy to achieve the migration of a highly efficient hydrogen species to Pt sites over Pt/Co@NC,which is obtained through a facile calcination and electrodeposition method.It exhibits an outstanding geometric activity(η10=31 m V),which surpasses the commercial 20 wt%Pt/C(η10=37 mV).Moreover,the mass activity of Pt/Co@NC is 5.6 A mgPt-1 at-50 mV vs.RHE,which is 2.23 times higher than that of 20 wt%Pt/C.Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the work function of the outer carbon layer,which is changed by the introduction of the inner cobalt core,plays a crucial role in reversing the direction of electron migration between the carbon layer and Pt.The negatively charged Ptδ-can spontaneously attract positively charged protons via the electrostatic interaction effect,thereby achieving the directional migration of hydrogen species.This work presents a strategy for designing advanced alkaline HER electrocatalysts by the electrostatic effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Nos.42377250,42467031,and 42267028)Yunnan Province Caiyun Postdoctoral Innovation Project(No.CG24056E009A)+2 种基金Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(No.202407AB110026)Yunnan Science and Technology Planning Project(No.202303AC100010)Kunming University of Science and Technology(No.241120220016).
摘要Liquid biodegradable mulching film(LBMFs)technology,an innovative agricultural technology,shows dual potential in plastic pollution reduction and heavy metal contamination control.Although their agronomic benefits are recognized,the underlying mechanisms of LBMFs in regulating heavy metal biogeochemical cycles remain inadequately understood.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of lignin-based(JH)and chitosan-based(LB)LBMFs in modifying heavy metal speciation and minimizing their uptake by crops.The results indicated that JH and LB significantly enhanced soil organic matter(SOM)by 14.29%-27.01%and cation exchange capacity(CEC)by 20.65%-247.17%,compared to soil blank control,primarily due to the enrichment of colloids derived from lignin/chitosan and the stimulation of microbial activity.Both films reduced the bioavailability of Cd and Pb by promoting their transition from mobile acid solubleeducible(F1/F2)fractions to stable oxidizableesidual(F3/F4)fractions.In contrast,Cu and Zn speciation remained stable due to strong mineral interactions.The LBMFs also inhibited the transfer of heavy metals to edible crops.Crop-specific translocation factor(TF)variations were observed,with JH reducing pak choi TF by 32.62%-76.09%but increasing radish TF by 33.47%-437.55%,linked to lignin’s root chelation and chitosan’s phloem transport dynamics.Additionally,Mantel analysis confirmed bioconcentration factor(BCF)/TF reductions correlated strongly with elevated SOM(r=0.82/0.73)and CEC(r=0.80/0.77),governed by organo-mineral complexation and competitive cation displacement.This work positions LBMFs as valuable tools for enhancing soil health and reducing dietary risks associated with heavy metals in contaminated agricultural lands.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42574160)the Natural Science Foundation of Huzhou(Grant No.2024YZ41)+2 种基金the Open Fund(Grant No.36750000-24-FW0399-0011)of SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysicsthe Basic Scientific Research Fund of the Institute of Earthquake Prediction,China Earthquake Administration(Grant No.CEAIEF2024030205)supported by the Center for Computational Science and Engineering at Southern University of Science and Technology.
摘要Reverse Time Migration(RTM)stands as one of the foremost advanced seismic wave imaging techniques.For elastic wave RTM,the separation of P-and S-waves prior to imaging is crucial to eectively prevent cross-talk interference between these wave modes.While more sophisticated P-and S-wave separation methods based on decoupled wave equations currently exist,the approach utilizing divergence and curl operators retains signicant practical value in elastic RTM due to its inherent simplicity in implementation and lower computational demand.However,existing P-and S-wave separation methods founded on divergence and curl operators lack a corresponding methodology for calculating decoupled P-and S-wave Poynting vectors.These decoupled Poynting vectors are vital as they can respectively indicate the propagation directions of P-and S-waves,and their application within elastic RTM can markedly improve imaging quality.This paper derives new formulas for calculating P-and S-wave Poynting vectors that correspond to the wave separation achieved through divergence and curl operators.This approach permits the accurate determination of P-and S-wave propagation directions without altering the original wave equations and has been applied to elastic RTM,ensuring higher computational efciency throughout the imaging process.Imaging test results from both the Graben and Marmousi models demonstrate that,compared to traditional coupled Poynting vectors,the decoupled P-and S-wave Poynting vectors proposed herein achieve superior suppression of migration noise and artifacts in elastic RTM.Furthermore,they facilitate accurate S-wave polarity correction,leading to clearer imaging interfaces in migration proles and more reliable overall results.The methodology presented in this paper broadens the application scenarios for elastic RTM under current computational resource constraints and is poised to stimulate further development of P-and S-wave separation methods based on divergence and curl operators within the eld of RTM.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.52178319,42477160,52338007).
摘要Bacterial cells are widely accepted as nucleation sites for calcium carbonate precipitation in biomineralization based on the Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation(MICP)process.For MICP-based insitu biotreatment,the firstproblem to be solved is how to introduce and retain the bacterial cells in the soil,which involves the migration and retention of bacterial cells during the biogrouting process.Soil particle size,a key factor in determining pore throat size,can have a significanteffect on the migration and retention of bacterial cells in the soil and therefore on biomineralization.To investigate the effect of particle size on the migration and retention of bacterial cells in sand and its biomineralization,two sets of tests were carried out in this study,including percolation tests and sand column treatment tests.Soil urease activity(definedas urease activity per unit mass of soil)and calcium carbonate content of the biomineralized sand were measured to comprehensively assess the migration and retention of bacterial cells in the sand.The results indicate that sands with a particle size smaller than 0.25 mmwould inhibit the migration of bacteria in the sand,resulting in a nonuniform distribution of precipitated calcium carbonate and a low strength enhancement of biomineralization.On the other hand,sands with a particle size larger than 1.18 mm are unfavorable for retaining bacterial cells in the sand,resulting in low calcium conversion efficiency.Meanwhile,particle size would also affect the formation of effective calcium carbonate through interparticle contact number and interparticle pore size,and thus biomineralization.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51704324,U1762213)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ME068)the Government of Perm Krai,research project No.CЭд-26-08-08-32 from 25.01.2024.
摘要To investigate the mechanism governing the continuous decline in fracture conductivity of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs post-hydraulic fracturing,this study centers on the synergistic effects of two key mechanisms—particle migration and proppant embedment.Through the integration of laboratory experiments and computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)coupled numerical simulations,this study systematically examines the influence patterns of varying closure pressures,particle concentrations,fluid properties,and proppant parameters on fracture conductivity.The experimental results demonstrate that particle migration induces pore blockage within the proppant packing layer.When the fines mass concentration reaches 10%,fracture conductivity is almost entirely lost.Furthermore,the embedment depth of proppants increases with increasing closure pressure,and the embedment depth of proppants with a high elastic modulus is twice that of those with a low elastic modulus under a closure pressure of 35 MPa.Numerical simulations further reveal that fluid viscosity and displacement rate significantly govern the migration range and blockage pattern of particles.When the fluid viscosity is 10 mPa·s and the displacement rate is 200 mL/min,a balance between fracturing construction efficiency and fracture damage can be attained.The coupled model developed in this study accurately predicts the attenuation law of fracture conductivity under the synergistic effect of these two mechanisms.This model addresses the gap in understanding the coupled effects of mechanisms in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in existing literature and provides a theoretical foundation and engineering guidance for parameter optimization in the fracturing design of such reservoirs.
基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Nos.2023RC1025 and 2024RC3022)the Basic Science Center Project(No.72088101).
摘要The performance of iron ore pellets was influenced by gangue mineral interactions and alkali metal migration during the oxidation and reduction processes.A novel synergistic strategy was proposed to optimize pellet properties by regulating the liquid phase content coupled with MgO addition.The effects of SiO2and MgO contents on liquid phase generation,pellet microstructure,compressive strength,reduction swelling index(RSI),and reduction index(RI)were systematically investigated.The results showed that the increasing SiO2content significantly enhanced liquid phase formation,thereby improving compressive strength and reducing RSI,but lowering RI.MgO promoted the formation of MgxFe3-xO4during oxidation,increasing porosity and enhancing RI while slightly compromising mechanical strength.In addition,MgxFe3-xO4reduced the expansion during the initial reduction stage(Fe2O3→Fe3O4).Optimal performance was achieved when the liquid phase content in the roasted pellet was maintained at 11%-13%and MgO at 2.0%-2.6%,with compressive strength exceeding 2500 N,RSI below 20%,and RI above 64%.In addition,doubling the liquid phase content reduced the concentration of alkali metals diffused into the iron oxide lattice by approximately 50%,mitigating the localized precipitation of metallic iron whiskers during the final reduction stage(FexO→Fe).Alkali metal doped into iron oxides during oxidation had a more pronounced effect on swelling behavior than the reduction process.These findings offered practical insights into high-performance pellet production under industrial conditions.
基金partially supported by the Shanghai Yangfan Special Project,24YF2719900Shanghai Soft Science Research Youth Program(25692112700)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation General Program(2024M761927)Shanghai Key Technology R&D Program“Technical Standards”Project(25DZ2201200).
摘要Automated library migration reduces refactoring costs but challenges traditional evolutionary algorithms,which often suffer from premature convergence and poor recall in sparse,complex API mapping spaces.To address this,we propose QIMIG,a multi-objective optimization framework integrating quantum-inspired encoding with quality-aware and greedy heuristic filtering.QIMIG utilizes a probabilistic Q-bit representation to maintain population diversity and avoid local optima.Simultaneously,its heuristic components leverage historical usage context to filter semantic noise and guide the search toward valid mappings.Evaluated on 9 real-world migration rules derived from 57,447 open-source projects,QIMIG statistically significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines such as UNSGA-III.The framework achieves a global mean F1-score of 0.92,exceeding the best-performing baseline by an absolute margin of 0.05,and demonstrates strong stability in resolving complex mapping structures.
摘要This paper proposes a novel Range Migration Algorithm(RMA)integrated with an adaptive background filtering method specifically designed for near-field millimeter-wave imaging scenarios where targets are in close proximity to background structures.This method simulates the attention distribution mode of the human visual system which is used in Artificial Intelligence(AI)and called the Attention Mechanism.Based on the concept of static clutter filtering,the frequency-domain signals of the scanning aperture are divided into grid cells.Background scattering functions are established by analyzing the motion processes within each cell,and the background interference is linearly filtered out.An analysis of the manifestation of background scattering interference within the algorithm is carried out,and the impact of the grid cell dimension on the imaging quality is investigated.Experimental results show that the proposed method exhibits the capability to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of both the target and the background.It effectively suppresses the background interference,leading to a more prominent image,meanwhile without imposing the excessive computational load.The method offers a novel solution for improving the performance of millimeter-wave imaging technology in practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42430303)Strategy Priority Research Program(Category B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0710000)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42288201)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF0803203)the IGGCAS start-up funding(Grant No.E251510101).
摘要In wave-equation migration and demigration,the cross-correlation imaging/forwarding step implicitly injects an additional copy of the source wavelet,so that the amplitude spectrum of the wavelet is applied redundantly(effectively imposing a wavelet-spectrum weighting,often akin to an amplitude-squared bias).This redundancy degrades structural fidelity and amplitude balance yet is frequently overlooked.We(i)formalize the mechanism by which cross-correlation duplicates the source-wavelet amplitude effect in both migration and demigration,and(ii)introduce a source-equalized operator that removes the redundancy by deconvolving(or dividing by)the wavelet amplitude spectrum in the imaging condition and its demigration counterpart,while leaving phase/kinematics intact.Using a band-limited Ricker wavelet on a two-layer model and on Marmousi,we show that,if unmanaged,the redundant wavelet spectrum broadens main lobes,introduces ringing,and suppresses vertical resolution in migrated images,and inflates spectrum mismatches between demigrated and observed data even when peak times agree.With our correction,images recover observed-data-consistent bandwidth and sharpened interfaces,and demigrated data also exhibit improved spectrum conformity and reduced amplitude misfit.The results clarify when source amplitudes matter,why cross-correlation makes them redundantly matter,and how a lightweight spectral correction restores physically meaningful amplitude behavior in wave-equation migration/demigration.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA 0710601)the Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration—National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2025ZD1004901).
摘要With the increasing use of passive seismic data,developing seismic reflection imaging methods based on passive data is of considerable practical significance.This study presents a waveform-matching reverse time migration for the primary reflected data from local earthquakes.In order to mitigate inconsistencies in frequency band and energy across earthquakes of different magnitudes,we first establish reference seismic waveform with standardized dominant frequency and magnitude.A matching operator is derived for each event by matching its waveforms with the reference waveform.This operator is then applied via convolution to all waveforms,producing standardized seismic waveforms with consistent wavelet features.The reshaped waveforms are then subjected to reverse time migration using an impedance imaging condition for primary reflections.To suppress strong energy interference near the hypocenters,both illumination compensation and three-dimensional Smoothed Spherical Mask centered on each source are used.Numerical tests using both simple two-layer model and fault-containing model demonstrate that the new method is robust and effective.The reverse time migration of primary reflected data of local earthquakes accurately images underground impedance boundaries such as stratum interfaces and fault planes,showing its promise for future application in seismically active fault zones.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11971034)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Universities(2022AH051370,2023AH052234)。
摘要In this paper,a model of branching processes with migration and affected by viral infectivity in independent and identically distributed(i.i.d.)random environments is established firstly.Then the Markov property,conditional probability generating function and conditional expectation of the model are studied.Finally,under certain conditions,some sufficient conditions for certain extinction of processes are given,and some related theories of branching processes in random environments are generalized.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2023YFD2401302.
摘要The sound scattering layer(SSL)is a widespread acoustic characteristic in the global ocean,primarily formed by densely distributed zooplankton and small pelagic fish.As an important component of the marine ecosystem,the SSL plays a crucial role in vertical energy transfer,carbon flux,and food web interactions.Diel vertical migration(DVM)is the primary behavioral characteristic of the SSL,driven by a combination of environmental and biological factors,including illumination,water temperature,dissolved oxygen concentrations,food availability,and predation pressure.However,due to limitations in long-term observation capacity,the accumulation of acoustic data,and differences in regional research priorities,the depth of understanding of SSLs varies among different marine regions.This review systematically examines the composition,classification,and DVM characteristics of SSLs,with a particular focus on their research status in the Pacific Ocean,the Atlantic Ocean,the Indian Ocean,the polar seas,and the coastal ocean of China.The knowledge of survey status,biological composition,distribution patterns,and DVM behaviors in these regions provides a scientific foundation for advancing the understanding of SSL dynamics.It also supports the sustainable development and management of fishery resources under climate and marine environmental change.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFA0918801)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22436007 and 22193053).
摘要Investigating the roles of diverse nuclear receptors in the toxicological effects induced by perfluorinated iodine alkanes(PFIs)is critical,given their(ant)agonistic activities on estrogen receptors(ERs)and retinoic acid receptor alpha(RARα).In this study,two PFIs,namely tridecafluorohexyl iodide(PFHxI)and dodecafluoro-1,6-diiodohexane(PFHxDI),were evaluated for their impacts on the malignancy of breast cancer cells.The in vitro and in silico results revealed PFIs induced ERαagonism and RARα antagonism.Both PFIs remarkably promoted the migration,invasion,and proliferation of MCF-7 cells,while they had negligible effects on MDA-MB-231 cells.The pro-migratory effects of PFIs on MCF-7 cells were abolished by an ERαantagonist of 4-hydroxytamoxifen,indicating the substantial role of ERα signaling in cancer cell progression.The RAR agonist,all-trans retinoic acid(atRA),remarkably inhibited the migration of MCF-7 and RARα-overexpressed MDA-MB-231(namely,MDA-RARα)cells,indicating RARα agonism lowered the malignancy of tumor cells.Although PFI-induced RARα antagonism alone had no effects on the migration of MDA-RARαcells,it did recover that compromised by atRA.This study provides new evidence on the promotion effects of PFIs on breast cancer cells,and reveals the multi-nuclear receptor-regulated mechanisms for understanding intricate toxicological effects of emerging pollutants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81571211(to FL)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.22ZR1476800(to CH)。
摘要Peripheral nerve defect repair is a complex process that involves multiple cell types;perineurial cells play a pivotal role.Hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote perineurial cell proliferation and migration via paracrine signaling;however,their clinical applications are limited by potential risks such as tumorigenesis and xenogeneic immune rejection,which are similar to the risks associated with other stem cell transplantations.The present study therefore focuses on small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells,which preserve the bioactive properties of the parent cells while avoiding the transplantation-associated risks.In vitro,small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells significantly enhanced the proliferation,migration,tube formation,and barrier function of perineurial cells,and subsequently upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins.Furthermore,in a rat model of sciatic nerve defects bridged with silicon tubes,treatment with small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells resulted in higher tight junction protein expression in perineurial cells,thus facilitating neural tissue regeneration.At 10 weeks post-surgery,rats treated with small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells exhibited improved nerve function recovery and reduced muscle atrophy.Transcriptomic and micro RNA analyses revealed that small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells deliver mi R-21-5p,which inhibits mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 expression,thereby activating the transforming growth factor-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog signaling pathway and upregulating hyaluronan synthase 2 expression,and further enhancing tight junction protein expression.Together,our findings indicate that small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote the proliferation,migration,and tight junction protein formation of perineurial cells.These results provide new insights into peripheral nerve regeneration from the perspective of perineurial cells,and present a novel approach for the clinical treatment of peripheral nerve defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971085)the Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Heilongjiang Province(No.YQ2022D001)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0158).
摘要Petroleum extraction and transportation in cold regions often result in leakage accidents,which can cause severe environmental pollution.The prevalent freeze-thaw cycles in these areas significantly influence the migration and dispersion of petroleum.Therefore,understanding these processes is essential for effective environmental protection.The experimental results indicate that capillary action,liquid pressure,and particle adsorption primarily influence petroleum migration in the unfrozen zone.Under freeze-thaw cycles,proper temperature gradients facilitate petroleum migration from unfrozen to frozen zone,while extreme temperature gradients impede this migration.The migration processes of water and petroleum are interdependent and mutually restrictive.An increase in initial moisture content promotes petroleum migration.However,when the moisture content exceeds a certain threshold,a significant amount of pore water(or ice)occupies the pore space,which hinders petroleum migration.Additionally,as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases,the capability of petroleum to migrate into the frozen zone significantly improves.These findings provide experimental methods and scientific evidence for further exploration of petroleum migration mechanisms in cold regions and the development of effective soil contamination remediation strategies.
基金supported by NIH grants,Nos.R01NS125074,R01AG083164,R01NS107365,and R21NS127177(to YL),1F31NS129204-01A1(to KW)and Albert Ryan Fellowship(to KW).
摘要Adult neurogenesis continuously produces new neurons critical for cognitive plasticity in adult rodents.While it is known transforming growth factor-βsignaling is important in embryonic neurogenesis,its role in postnatal neurogenesis remains unclear.In this study,to define the precise role of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in postnatal neurogenesis at distinct stages of the neurogenic cascade both in vitro and in vivo,we developed two novel inducible and cell type-specific mouse models to specifically silence transforming growth factor-βsignaling in neural stem cells in(mGFAPcre-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9)or immature neuroblasts in(DCXcreERT2-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9).Our data showed that exogenous transforming growth factor-βtreatment led to inhibition of the proliferation of primary neural stem cells while stimulating their migration.These effects were abolished in activin-like kinase 5(ALK5)knockout primary neural stem cells.Consistent with this,inhibition of transforming growth factor-βsignaling with SB-431542 in wild-type neural stem cells stimulated proliferation while inhibited the migration of neural stem cells.Interestingly,deletion of transforming growth factor-βreceptor in neural stem cells in vivo inhibited the migration of postnatal born neurons in mGFAPcre-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9 mice,while abolishment of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in immature neuroblasts in DCXcreERT2-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9 mice did not affect the migration of these cells in the hippocampus.In summary,our data supports a dual role of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells in vitro.Moreover,our data provides novel insights on cell type-specific-dependent requirements of transforming growth factor-βsignaling on neural stem cell proliferation and migration in vivo.