How to trigger strong anti-tumor immune responses has become a focus for tumor therapy.Here,we report the human-induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSs)to deliver MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes into tumors for simultaneous photodyna...How to trigger strong anti-tumor immune responses has become a focus for tumor therapy.Here,we report the human-induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSs)to deliver MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes into tumors for simultaneous photodynamic therapy(PDT)and enhanced immunotherapy.Ce6 photosensitizer was attached on manganese dioxide(MnO2)nanoparticles,and resultant MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes were delivered into mitomycin-treated iPSs to form iPS-MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes.The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 actively targeted in vivo tumors,the acidic microenvironment triggered interaction between MnO2 and H2O2,released large quantities of oxygen,alleviated hypoxia in tumor.Upon PDT,singlet oxygen formed,broken iPSs released tumor-shared antigens,which evoked an intensive innate and adaptive immune response against the tumor,improving dendritic cells matured,effector T cells,and natural killer cells were activated.Meanwhile,regulatory T cells were reduced,and then the immune response induced by iPS-MnO2@Ce6 was markedly stronger than the immune reaction induced by MnO2@Ce6(P<0.05).The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 markedly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and reduced mortality in mice models with tumor.Human iPS s loaded with MnO2-based nanoprobes are a promising strategy for simultaneous PDT and enhanced immunotherapy against tumor and own clinical translational prospect.展开更多
To inhibit the interfacial(displacement)reaction between Hf and Al elements in the DZ125 superalloy and the Al2O3 and SiO2 in the Al2O3-based ceramic shell,rare-earth oxides(La2O3 and Y2O3)w...To inhibit the interfacial(displacement)reaction between Hf and Al elements in the DZ125 superalloy and the Al2O3 and SiO2 in the Al2O3-based ceramic shell,rare-earth oxides(La2O3 and Y2O3)were used as dopants into the shell.The effects of dopant types and contents(2 wt%,5 wt%and 8 wt%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction were investigated using the sessile-drop experiment,and the reaction products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),a scanning electron microscope(SEM),an electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),to clarify the mechanism of dopants in the interracial reaction.The results show that increasing the Y2O3 doping content(2 wt%-8 wt%)reduces the surface porosity from 22.39%to 13.43%,and decreases the surface roughness from 3.25 to 2.28μm,which enhances the packing density of the shell surface.In the sintering process(1223 K,2 h),both La2O3 and Y2O3 dopants react with SiO2,forming La2Si2O7 and Y2SiO5 on the shell surface.During the interfacial reaction process(1823 K,40 min),La2Si2O7 decomposes and reacts with Al2O3 and HfO2,resulting in the formation of SiO2·HfO2·La2O3 and Al2O3·HfO2·La2O3 ternary composite oxides within the reaction products.At 8 wt%La2O3 dopant content,the interfacial reaction is exacerbated,resulting in the uneven wettability.Y2SiO5 further reacts with Al2O3 and SiO2 to form SiO2·Al2O3·Y2O3 ternary composite oxides,while Y2O3 combines with Al2O3 to form Al5Y3O12(VAG),which stabilizes the oxides within the shell and inhibits the interfacial reaction,and significantly improves the surface quality of the DZ125 superalloy.As the Y2O3 dopant content increases(2 wt%-8 wt%),the wetting angle increases from 97.8°to 110.6°.展开更多
Ferroelectric memory has emerged as a highly promising candidate for next-generation non-volatilememory,offering ultra-low power consumption,ultrafast read/write speeds,high reliability,and sig-nificant potential for ...Ferroelectric memory has emerged as a highly promising candidate for next-generation non-volatilememory,offering ultra-low power consumption,ultrafast read/write speeds,high reliability,and sig-nificant potential for high-density integration.Over the past fifteen years in particular,the discovery offerroelectricity in HfO2-based thin films has attracted widespread attention and stimulated substantialprogress in this field.Previous review articles have provided comprehensive summaries of represen-tative advances in the field,covering topics including the origin of ferroelectricity in HfO2,depositionmethods,the performances of HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films and memory devices,as well asprogress in device physics,integration strategies,and emerging applications.However,more recentbreakthroughs in the multi-level devices have not yet been systematically reviewed.These de-velopments are becoming increasingly critical for mass data storage and emerging paradigms such asin-memory computing.In this review,we summarize recent progress in HfO2-based ferroelectric multi-level memories,with a focus on material studies,device designs,and emerging applications.By high-lighting these advances,we aim to delineate both the persistent challenges and opportunities associatedwith this technology,with the goal of inspiring further innovation in the field.展开更多
Some active metal oxides(Al2O3,TiO2,and Cr2O3)were selected as dopants to the Al2O3-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,a...Some active metal oxides(Al2O3,TiO2,and Cr2O3)were selected as dopants to the Al2O3-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al2O3 doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr2O3 dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al2O3 and TiO2 dopants leads to the formation of Al2TiO5 composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO2 dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al2TiO5,which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.展开更多
The effects of ZrO2-based refractory materials on non-metallic inclusions in nickel-based superalloy K4169 were systematically investigated.Analytical methods,including X-ray fluorescence,X-ray diffraction,scanning...The effects of ZrO2-based refractory materials on non-metallic inclusions in nickel-based superalloy K4169 were systematically investigated.Analytical methods,including X-ray fluorescence,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry,and FactSage simulations,revealed that the refractory primarily consisted of ZrO2,MgO,MgO·Al2O3,and Zr1.74Y0.26O3.87 phases.During melting,MgO reacted with[Al]and[O]in the alloy,forming MgO·Al2O3 at the interface.This phase adhered to the superalloy,while ZrO2 phases remained stable.The inclusions in the alloy transformed from Al2O3 to MgO·Al2O3,with variations in size and distribution influenced by location and pressure.FactSage kinetic simulations aligned with experimental findings,elucidating the interaction mechanisms between the alloy and refractory.These results provide insights into optimizing refractory materials for improved cleanliness and performance in nickel-based superalloy production.展开更多
This study investigates the effect of Ce content on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti0.98Zr0.02Mn1.5Cr0.05V0.43Fe0.09Cex(x=0,0.02,0.04,and 0.06,at%)alloys.Microstructural analysis of these all...This study investigates the effect of Ce content on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti0.98Zr0.02Mn1.5Cr0.05V0.43Fe0.09Cex(x=0,0.02,0.04,and 0.06,at%)alloys.Microstructural analysis of these alloys revealed dendritic microstructures without the segregation of chemical elements,with the C14 Laves phase identified as the dominant phase.After two activation cycles at 4 MPa and 293 K,the alloys exhibited excellent hydrogen absorption properties.The addition of Ce significantly improved the kinetics of the alloys.At x=0.02,the hydrogen absorption capacity reached 90%of its maximum within 137 s at 293 K.Pressure-composition-temperature curves indicated that hydrogen absorption capacity initially increased first and then decreased with increasing Ce content,reaching a maximum value of 1.85wt%at x=0.04.Thermodynamic results demonstrated that the enthalpy and entropy of hydrogen absorption followed a similar trend,which was consistent with the variation in hydrogen storage capacity.Thus,the improvement in hydrogen absorption capacity due to the addition of Ce is attributed to the increase in enthalpy.The increase of the lattice constant in the C14 Laves phase and the deoxidization effect of Ce are expected to be beneficial for the improvement of hydrogen absorption kinetics.展开更多
The development of CeO2-based abrasives that simultaneously deliver faster processing speeds and smoother surfaces remains a significant challenge for semiconductor polishing applications,as it is difficult to make...The development of CeO2-based abrasives that simultaneously deliver faster processing speeds and smoother surfaces remains a significant challenge for semiconductor polishing applications,as it is difficult to make further progress by optimization of solely Ce3+content or particle size.In this work,we engineered lanthanide and fluorine co-doped CeO2-based abrasives to concurrently optimize both particle size and Ce3+content.Fluorine doping effectively reduces the particle size to approximately50 nm while simultaneously enhances the Ce3+concentration.Synergistic optimization is achieved in Fdoped Ce0.8La0.2Oxand Ce0.8Pr0.2Oxabrasives due to the additional enhancement of Ce3+content and generation of rare earth oxyfluorides,which can promote the polishing efficiency.Notably,F-doped Ce0.8La0.2Oxand Ce0.8Pr0.2Oxabrasives show material removal rates of 540.42 and 789.15 nm/min,which are 1.57 and 2.3 times that of CeO2.K9 substrate polished by F-doped Ce0.8La0.2Oxand Ce0.8Pr0.2Oxabrasives exhibits an average surface roughness of 0.091 and 0.018 nm,which are lower than 0.337 nm achieved by pristine CeO2.The results offer guidance for the design and preparation of highperformance CeO2-based abrasives.展开更多
We proposed a strategy to address the issue by synthesizing MnO with half-filled 3 d electron orbitals.That is,MnO nanocubes with an edge length of 61.82 nm were successfully prepared through electros-pinning and one-...We proposed a strategy to address the issue by synthesizing MnO with half-filled 3 d electron orbitals.That is,MnO nanocubes with an edge length of 61.82 nm were successfully prepared through electros-pinning and one-step pyrolysis as the cathode electrode for Li-O2batteries.It is observed that the intermediate LiMnO4rather than Li2O2is formed when LiO2interactes with MnO(111)during the discharge process.It is precisely because of LiMnO4that reduces its charge overpotential to 0.29 V.The novel reaction mechanism dominated by LiMnO4further facilitates the lower charge overpotential,thereby enhancing the energy efficiency of the batteries.展开更多
Catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability are both crucial for the application of the selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3(NH3-SCR)catalyst in diesel vehicles.In this study,a tin(Sn)-modified Ce-N...Catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability are both crucial for the application of the selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3(NH3-SCR)catalyst in diesel vehicles.In this study,a tin(Sn)-modified Ce-Nb mixed-oxide catalyst was synthesized as an NH3-SCR catalyst for NOxemission control.After the intro-duction of Sn,both the NH3-SCR activity and the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst were remarkably promoted.Even after hydrothermal aging at 1000℃,the developed Ce1Sn2Nb1Oxcatalyst achieved more than 90%NOxconversion at 325-500℃.Various methods,including N2-physisorption,X-ray diffraction,in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy,temperature-programmed reduc-tion of hydrogen,temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia,and density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the promotional effects induced by the Sn species.The characteri-zation results showed that the addition of Sn not only promoted the formation of the Ce-Nb active phase but also improved its thermal stability,contributing to the excellent NH3-SCR performance and hydrothermal stability.This study provides an excellent sintering-resistance catalyst for the application of diesel engine NOxemission control.展开更多
Al2O3-based eutectic ceramics are considered as promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural materials due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties.Nonetheless,several chall...Al2O3-based eutectic ceramics are considered as promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural materials due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties.Nonetheless,several challenges must be overcome before they can be widely used.This paper reviews in detail the tailoring of microstructure from the aspect of process parameters,the updated knowledge gained in microstructure(crystallographic orientation,high-resolution interfacial structures)and the latest means of optimizing eutectic microstructure(seed-induced method,introducing low-energy grain boundaries and high-entropy phase).Additionally,the paper explores future techniques for the fabrication of bulk ceramic materials and effective toughening approaches.This review highlights the achievements made especially in the last 15 years,current limitations in Al2O3-based eutectic ceramics,and offers comprehensive insights and strategic guidance for further mechanical breakthroughs.展开更多
A unique discontinuous lamellar microstructure of titanium alloys consisting of lamellar colonies at prior β-Ti grain boundaries and internal interwoven α-laths is prepared by a TiH2-based powder metallurgy metho...A unique discontinuous lamellar microstructure of titanium alloys consisting of lamellar colonies at prior β-Ti grain boundaries and internal interwoven α-laths is prepared by a TiH2-based powder metallurgy method.The α-variants get various crystallographic orientations and become discontinuous during vacuum annealing at 700℃.Remarkably,nanoscale phase δ-TiH compound layers are generated between α-laths and β-strips,so that dislocations are piled up at the α/δ/βinterfaces during tensile deformation.This leads to dislocation slips being confined to individual α-laths,with differentslips and particularly pyramidalslips being activated.The efficiency of wavy slip is promoted and the work hardening rate is enhanced.Finally,the combined effect of dispersed micro-shear bands and lath distortions is considered contributive for alleviating the stress concentration at grain boundaries,resulting in a high-promising synergy of enhanced ultimate tensile strength of 1080 MPa and good elongation to fracture of 13.6%.展开更多
To improve both oxygen evolution efficiency and stability at high temperatures, Mn, Mn+Mo, Mn+Mo+V, and Mn+Fe+V oxide electrodes were prepared on a Ti substrate, with an intermediate layer of IrO_2, by an anodic depos...To improve both oxygen evolution efficiency and stability at high temperatures, Mn, Mn+Mo, Mn+Mo+V, and Mn+Fe+V oxide electrodes were prepared on a Ti substrate, with an intermediate layer of IrO_2, by an anodic deposition method. The crystal structure, surface morphology, pore size distribution, specific surface area, and voltammetric charge were then characterized for each electrode. The results demonstrated that for Mn-O electrodes, the preferential orientation of the(100) crystal plane and the mesopore structure played negative roles in the oxygen evolution reaction. On the basis of the electrocatalytic properties of MnO2-based electrodes in seawater, the outer surface voltammetric charge at a scan rate of 500 mV·s-1 was shown to effectively indicate whether oxygen evolution reactions were preferred over chlorine evolution reactions. The Mn-O electrode exhibited oxygen evolution efficiency of only 47.27%, whereas the Mn+Mo, Mn+Mo+V and Mn+Fe+V oxide electrodes displayed oxygen evolution efficiency of nearly 100%. This means that adding Mo, V, and Fe elements to the electrode can improve its crystal structure and morphology as well as further enhancing its oxygen evolution efficiency.展开更多
To explore high value-added utilization pathways of fly ash,the mesoporous structure of silicon dioxide extracted from fly ash(FA-SiO2)was utilized to restrict the dicyandiamide(DCDA)thermal degradation process.Thi...To explore high value-added utilization pathways of fly ash,the mesoporous structure of silicon dioxide extracted from fly ash(FA-SiO2)was utilized to restrict the dicyandiamide(DCDA)thermal degradation process.This produced chemically bonded interacting composite photocatalysts of FA-SiO,and graphitic-phase carbon nitride(g-C3N4).Compared with the spherical silicon dioxide prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS-SiO2),the mesoporous structure of FA-SiO2,allowed DCDA to react in a smaller space,which facilitated the transformation of DCDA to melamine by the thermal degradation kinetics of FA-C3N4/DCDA.This ultimately boosted the formation of an N-atom-removed triazine ring structure and a multistage structure combining lumps and rods in the composite photocatalysts of g-C3N4,and FA-SiO2,which led to a higher visible-light utilization efficiency,a suitable valence-band position,and the photocatalytic activity for methylene blue reaching 3.56 times that of g-C3N4.The findings indicate that mesoporous FA-SiO,has the potential to improve the structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4,-based materials.展开更多
Neuromorphic computing devices leveraging HfO2 and ZrO2 materials have recently garnered significant attention due to their potential for brain-inspired computing systems.In this study,we present a novel trilaye...Neuromorphic computing devices leveraging HfO2 and ZrO2 materials have recently garnered significant attention due to their potential for brain-inspired computing systems.In this study,we present a novel trilayer Pt/HfO2/ZrO2-x/HfO2/TiN memristor,engineered with a ZrO2-x oxygen vacancy reservoir(OVR)layer fabricated via radio frequency(RF)sputtering under controlled oxygen ambient.The incorporation of the ZrO2-x OVR layer enables enhanced resistive switching characteristics,including a high ON/OFF ratio(∼8000),excellent uniformity,robust data retention(>105 s),and multilevel storage capabilities.Furthermore,the memristor demonstrates superior synaptic plasticity with linear long-term potentiation(LTP)and depression(LTD),achieving low non-linearity values of 1.36(LTP)and 0.66(LTD),and a recognition accuracy of 95.3%in an MNIST dataset simulation.The unique properties of the ZrO2-x layer,particularly its ability to act as a dynamic oxygen vacancy reservoir,significantly enhance synaptic performance by stabilizing oxygen vacancy migration.These findings establish the OVR-trilayer memristor as a promising candidate for future neuromorphic computing and high-performance memory applications.展开更多
The escalating atmospheric CO2 levels necessitate efficient catalytic technologies for its conversion into value-added chemicals.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in ZrO2-based catalysts for ...The escalating atmospheric CO2 levels necessitate efficient catalytic technologies for its conversion into value-added chemicals.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in ZrO2-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation,emphasizing their multifunctional roles beyond conventional supports.Owing to its tunable crystalline phases,abundant oxygen vacancies,and synergistic metal-support interactions,ZrO2 significantly enhances catalytic performance in producing methane,methanol,and other products.Key design strategies,such as phase engineering,morphology control,and the construction of inverse or composite structures,are discussed in relation to their influence on CO2 adsorption,intermediate stabilization,and reaction pathway regulation.Mechanistic insights reveal that ZrO2 facilitates H2 dissociation,promotes hydrogen spillover,and stabilizes active metal species,thereby optimizing product selectivity and catalyst durability.Furthermore,tandem catalytic systems integrating ZrO2 with zeolites demonstrate exceptional potential in steering C-C coupling while suppressing over-hydrogenation.This review not only elucidates structure-activity relationships and kinetic behaviors but also outlines future research directions,including in situ characterization and scalable catalyst design,thereby providing critical guidance for the development of high-performance CO2 hydrogenation catalysts and advancing carbon-neutral fuel and chemical production.展开更多
The reaction behavior between CaO–Al2O3–La2O3-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO2-based slags.Bas...The reaction behavior between CaO–Al2O3–La2O3-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO2-based slags.Based on this,the new type of mold flux for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting was designed and its basic properties were evaluated.The results showed that the order of reaction degree of fluxing agents in CaO–Al2O3–La2O3-based slags is(Na2O)>(B2O3)>(Li2O),and the percentages of mass change of fluxing agents were 85.8,54.29 and 42.35 wt.%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of(Li2O)and(Na2O)promoted the reaction between(CaO)and[Al],and the reaction degree of the former was weaker than that of the latter,which was due to the greater effect of(Na2O)on the activity of(CaO)and(Al2O3)than(Li2O).Compared with the reactivity of CaO–SiO2-based slags,the percentages of mass change of Al and La caused by slag–steel reaction decreased by 10.63–14.36 and 39.78–50.49 wt.%,respectively.The percentages of mass change of(Al2O3),(La2O3)and(CaO)in slags highest increased by 17.71,17.98,and 7.81 wt.%,respectively.The reactivity of CaO–Al2O3–La2O3-based slags was significantly weakened.Ultimately,the new type of mold flux was designed and the composition range was determined.The fundamental properties of new mold flux basically meet the theoretical requirements for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting.展开更多
The(Cu−10Sn)−Ni−MoS2 composites,prepared by powder metallurgy,were studied for the effects of Ni-coated MoS2 on the microstructure,mechanical properties and lubricating properties.The mechanism of effects of Ni and Mo...The(Cu−10Sn)−Ni−MoS2 composites,prepared by powder metallurgy,were studied for the effects of Ni-coated MoS2 on the microstructure,mechanical properties and lubricating properties.The mechanism of effects of Ni and MoS2 on the properties of composites was analyzed through a comparative experiment by adding Ni and MoS2 separately.The results show that the nickel wrapping around the MoS2 particles decreases the reaction rate of MoS2 with the copper matrix,and greatly improves the bonding of the matrix.The composites with 12 wt.%Ni-coated MoS2(C12)show the optimum performance including the mechanical properties and tribological behaviors.Under oil lubrication conditions,the friction coefficient is 0.0075 with a pressure of 8 MPa and a linear velocity of 0.25 m/s.The average dry friction coefficient,sliding against 40Cr steel disc,is measured to be 0.1769 when the linear velocity and pressure are 0.25 m/s and 4 MPa,respectively.展开更多
Effects of VC/Cr3C2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets were studied. The microstructure was investigated by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry as well as scanning...Effects of VC/Cr3C2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets were studied. The microstructure was investigated by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry as well as scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectrometry. Mechanical properties, such as transverse rupture strength, hardness and fracture toughness, were measured. The results show that there are black core-grey rim structure and white core-grey rim structure in the microstructure. The grains become fine due to the VC/Cr3C2, and the grains of cermet added with 0.75VC/0.25Cr3C2 are refined most remarkably. The black core becomes finer with the increase of VC addition and rim phase becomes thicker with the decrease of Cr3C2 addition. The porosity increases with the increase of VC addition in VC/Cr3C2. Compared with the cermet free of VC/Cr3C2, the transverse rupture strength and hardness of cermets with VC/Cr3C2 are both improved, and the maximum values are both found for the cermet with 0.25VC/0.75Cr3C2. The fracture toughness can be effectively promoted by adding VC/Cr3C2 with an appropriate ratio of VC to Cr3C2, and the maximum value is found for the cermet with 0.5VC/0.5Cr3C2.展开更多
Thermoelectric materials,enabling the directing conversion between heat and electricity,are one of the promising candidates for overcoming environmental pollution and the upcoming energy shortage caused by the over-co...Thermoelectric materials,enabling the directing conversion between heat and electricity,are one of the promising candidates for overcoming environmental pollution and the upcoming energy shortage caused by the over-consumption of fossil fuels.Bi2Te3-based alloys are the classical thermoelectric materials working near room temperature.Due to the intensive theoretical investigations and experimental demonstrations,significant progress has been achieved to enhance the thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials.In this review,we first explored the fundamentals of thermoelectric effect and derived the equations for thermoelectric properties.On this basis,we studied the effect of material parameters on thermoelectric properties.Then,we analyzed the features of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials,including the lattice defects,anisotropic behavior and the strong bipolar conduction at relatively high temperature.Then we accordingly summarized the strategies for enhancing the thermoelectric performance,including point defect engineering,texture alignment,and band gap enlargement.Moreover,we highlighted the progress in decreasing thermal conductivity using nanostructures fabricated by solution grown method,ball milling,and melt spinning.Lastly,we employed modeling analysis to uncover the principles of anisotropy behavior and the achieved enhancement in Bi2Te3,which will enlighten the enhancement of thermoelectric performance in broader materials展开更多
基金financially supported by National Nature Scientific foundation(81803094,81802979 and 81921002)the National Foundational Basic Research Project of China(2017YFA0205301 and 2015CB931802)+3 种基金Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology Fund(No.XC-ZXSJ-02-2016-05)the medical engineering cross project of Shanghai Jiao Tong university(YG2017ZD05,YG2016ZD10 and YG2017Z D05)the Project of Thousand Youth Talents from Chinathe National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1200904 and 2017YFE0124400)。
摘要How to trigger strong anti-tumor immune responses has become a focus for tumor therapy.Here,we report the human-induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSs)to deliver MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes into tumors for simultaneous photodynamic therapy(PDT)and enhanced immunotherapy.Ce6 photosensitizer was attached on manganese dioxide(MnO2)nanoparticles,and resultant MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes were delivered into mitomycin-treated iPSs to form iPS-MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes.The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 actively targeted in vivo tumors,the acidic microenvironment triggered interaction between MnO2 and H2O2,released large quantities of oxygen,alleviated hypoxia in tumor.Upon PDT,singlet oxygen formed,broken iPSs released tumor-shared antigens,which evoked an intensive innate and adaptive immune response against the tumor,improving dendritic cells matured,effector T cells,and natural killer cells were activated.Meanwhile,regulatory T cells were reduced,and then the immune response induced by iPS-MnO2@Ce6 was markedly stronger than the immune reaction induced by MnO2@Ce6(P<0.05).The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 markedly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and reduced mortality in mice models with tumor.Human iPS s loaded with MnO2-based nanoprobes are a promising strategy for simultaneous PDT and enhanced immunotherapy against tumor and own clinical translational prospect.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374292)the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(BWLCF202309)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(KQ2208271)。
摘要To inhibit the interfacial(displacement)reaction between Hf and Al elements in the DZ125 superalloy and the Al2O3 and SiO2 in the Al2O3-based ceramic shell,rare-earth oxides(La2O3 and Y2O3)were used as dopants into the shell.The effects of dopant types and contents(2 wt%,5 wt%and 8 wt%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction were investigated using the sessile-drop experiment,and the reaction products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),a scanning electron microscope(SEM),an electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),to clarify the mechanism of dopants in the interracial reaction.The results show that increasing the Y2O3 doping content(2 wt%-8 wt%)reduces the surface porosity from 22.39%to 13.43%,and decreases the surface roughness from 3.25 to 2.28μm,which enhances the packing density of the shell surface.In the sintering process(1223 K,2 h),both La2O3 and Y2O3 dopants react with SiO2,forming La2Si2O7 and Y2SiO5 on the shell surface.During the interfacial reaction process(1823 K,40 min),La2Si2O7 decomposes and reacts with Al2O3 and HfO2,resulting in the formation of SiO2·HfO2·La2O3 and Al2O3·HfO2·La2O3 ternary composite oxides within the reaction products.At 8 wt%La2O3 dopant content,the interfacial reaction is exacerbated,resulting in the uneven wettability.Y2SiO5 further reacts with Al2O3 and SiO2 to form SiO2·Al2O3·Y2O3 ternary composite oxides,while Y2O3 combines with Al2O3 to form Al5Y3O12(VAG),which stabilizes the oxides within the shell and inhibits the interfacial reaction,and significantly improves the surface quality of the DZ125 superalloy.As the Y2O3 dopant content increases(2 wt%-8 wt%),the wetting angle increases from 97.8°to 110.6°.
基金rted by the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(Grant No.ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-M22)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474092 and 12374093)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1208603)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2025JJ40002)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(24B0134).
摘要Ferroelectric memory has emerged as a highly promising candidate for next-generation non-volatilememory,offering ultra-low power consumption,ultrafast read/write speeds,high reliability,and sig-nificant potential for high-density integration.Over the past fifteen years in particular,the discovery offerroelectricity in HfO2-based thin films has attracted widespread attention and stimulated substantialprogress in this field.Previous review articles have provided comprehensive summaries of represen-tative advances in the field,covering topics including the origin of ferroelectricity in HfO2,depositionmethods,the performances of HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films and memory devices,as well asprogress in device physics,integration strategies,and emerging applications.However,more recentbreakthroughs in the multi-level devices have not yet been systematically reviewed.These de-velopments are becoming increasingly critical for mass data storage and emerging paradigms such asin-memory computing.In this review,we summarize recent progress in HfO2-based ferroelectric multi-level memories,with a focus on material studies,device designs,and emerging applications.By high-lighting these advances,we aim to delineate both the persistent challenges and opportunities associatedwith this technology,with the goal of inspiring further innovation in the field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374292)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation, China (No. BWLCF202309)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City, China (No. KQ2208271)。
摘要Some active metal oxides(Al2O3,TiO2,and Cr2O3)were selected as dopants to the Al2O3-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al2O3 doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr2O3 dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al2O3 and TiO2 dopants leads to the formation of Al2TiO5 composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO2 dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al2TiO5,which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274331 and 52264041)Guizhou Basic Research Program(Natural Science)Talent Team Lift Project(QNB[2025]005)+2 种基金supported by Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(ZK[2023]Zhongdian 020)Guizhou Provincial Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Gast(No.Gastyess202405)Key Research Projects in Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province(No.24B450003).
摘要The effects of ZrO2-based refractory materials on non-metallic inclusions in nickel-based superalloy K4169 were systematically investigated.Analytical methods,including X-ray fluorescence,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry,and FactSage simulations,revealed that the refractory primarily consisted of ZrO2,MgO,MgO·Al2O3,and Zr1.74Y0.26O3.87 phases.During melting,MgO reacted with[Al]and[O]in the alloy,forming MgO·Al2O3 at the interface.This phase adhered to the superalloy,while ZrO2 phases remained stable.The inclusions in the alloy transformed from Al2O3 to MgO·Al2O3,with variations in size and distribution influenced by location and pressure.FactSage kinetic simulations aligned with experimental findings,elucidating the interaction mechanisms between the alloy and refractory.These results provide insights into optimizing refractory materials for improved cleanliness and performance in nickel-based superalloy production.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2023YFB3710401 and 2023YFB3710403)the State KeyLaboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials.
摘要This study investigates the effect of Ce content on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti0.98Zr0.02Mn1.5Cr0.05V0.43Fe0.09Cex(x=0,0.02,0.04,and 0.06,at%)alloys.Microstructural analysis of these alloys revealed dendritic microstructures without the segregation of chemical elements,with the C14 Laves phase identified as the dominant phase.After two activation cycles at 4 MPa and 293 K,the alloys exhibited excellent hydrogen absorption properties.The addition of Ce significantly improved the kinetics of the alloys.At x=0.02,the hydrogen absorption capacity reached 90%of its maximum within 137 s at 293 K.Pressure-composition-temperature curves indicated that hydrogen absorption capacity initially increased first and then decreased with increasing Ce content,reaching a maximum value of 1.85wt%at x=0.04.Thermodynamic results demonstrated that the enthalpy and entropy of hydrogen absorption followed a similar trend,which was consistent with the variation in hydrogen storage capacity.Thus,the improvement in hydrogen absorption capacity due to the addition of Ce is attributed to the increase in enthalpy.The increase of the lattice constant in the C14 Laves phase and the deoxidization effect of Ce are expected to be beneficial for the improvement of hydrogen absorption kinetics.
基金Project supported by the Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program(2024JC-YBQN-0406,2024JC-YBQN-0102)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515111009)Qinchuangyuan High-Level Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Program(2025RC-YJRC-037)。
摘要The development of CeO2-based abrasives that simultaneously deliver faster processing speeds and smoother surfaces remains a significant challenge for semiconductor polishing applications,as it is difficult to make further progress by optimization of solely Ce3+content or particle size.In this work,we engineered lanthanide and fluorine co-doped CeO2-based abrasives to concurrently optimize both particle size and Ce3+content.Fluorine doping effectively reduces the particle size to approximately50 nm while simultaneously enhances the Ce3+concentration.Synergistic optimization is achieved in Fdoped Ce0.8La0.2Oxand Ce0.8Pr0.2Oxabrasives due to the additional enhancement of Ce3+content and generation of rare earth oxyfluorides,which can promote the polishing efficiency.Notably,F-doped Ce0.8La0.2Oxand Ce0.8Pr0.2Oxabrasives show material removal rates of 540.42 and 789.15 nm/min,which are 1.57 and 2.3 times that of CeO2.K9 substrate polished by F-doped Ce0.8La0.2Oxand Ce0.8Pr0.2Oxabrasives exhibits an average surface roughness of 0.091 and 0.018 nm,which are lower than 0.337 nm achieved by pristine CeO2.The results offer guidance for the design and preparation of highperformance CeO2-based abrasives.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22075035)the Technology Planning Project of Liaoning Province(No.2020JH2/10700008)the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project(No.2022JJ11CG005)。
摘要We proposed a strategy to address the issue by synthesizing MnO with half-filled 3 d electron orbitals.That is,MnO nanocubes with an edge length of 61.82 nm were successfully prepared through electros-pinning and one-step pyrolysis as the cathode electrode for Li-O2batteries.It is observed that the intermediate LiMnO4rather than Li2O2is formed when LiO2interactes with MnO(111)during the discharge process.It is precisely because of LiMnO4that reduces its charge overpotential to 0.29 V.The novel reaction mechanism dominated by LiMnO4further facilitates the lower charge overpotential,thereby enhancing the energy efficiency of the batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52225004 and 22276202)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3701804)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019045).
摘要Catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability are both crucial for the application of the selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3(NH3-SCR)catalyst in diesel vehicles.In this study,a tin(Sn)-modified Ce-Nb mixed-oxide catalyst was synthesized as an NH3-SCR catalyst for NOxemission control.After the intro-duction of Sn,both the NH3-SCR activity and the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst were remarkably promoted.Even after hydrothermal aging at 1000℃,the developed Ce1Sn2Nb1Oxcatalyst achieved more than 90%NOxconversion at 325-500℃.Various methods,including N2-physisorption,X-ray diffraction,in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy,temperature-programmed reduc-tion of hydrogen,temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia,and density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the promotional effects induced by the Sn species.The characteri-zation results showed that the addition of Sn not only promoted the formation of the Ce-Nb active phase but also improved its thermal stability,contributing to the excellent NH3-SCR performance and hydrothermal stability.This study provides an excellent sintering-resistance catalyst for the application of diesel engine NOxemission control.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171046)National Natural Science Foundation of China-key programme(No.52234010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Shaanxi Provincial Key Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2023-CX-TD-14).
摘要Al2O3-based eutectic ceramics are considered as promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural materials due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties.Nonetheless,several challenges must be overcome before they can be widely used.This paper reviews in detail the tailoring of microstructure from the aspect of process parameters,the updated knowledge gained in microstructure(crystallographic orientation,high-resolution interfacial structures)and the latest means of optimizing eutectic microstructure(seed-induced method,introducing low-energy grain boundaries and high-entropy phase).Additionally,the paper explores future techniques for the fabrication of bulk ceramic materials and effective toughening approaches.This review highlights the achievements made especially in the last 15 years,current limitations in Al2O3-based eutectic ceramics,and offers comprehensive insights and strategic guidance for further mechanical breakthroughs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301145,52275329)the Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Province,China(No.2023JH2/101300158)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities,China(No.N2202010)the Key Research Programs of High Education Institutions in Henan Province,China(No.24A430017).
摘要A unique discontinuous lamellar microstructure of titanium alloys consisting of lamellar colonies at prior β-Ti grain boundaries and internal interwoven α-laths is prepared by a TiH2-based powder metallurgy method.The α-variants get various crystallographic orientations and become discontinuous during vacuum annealing at 700℃.Remarkably,nanoscale phase δ-TiH compound layers are generated between α-laths and β-strips,so that dislocations are piled up at the α/δ/βinterfaces during tensile deformation.This leads to dislocation slips being confined to individual α-laths,with differentslips and particularly pyramidalslips being activated.The efficiency of wavy slip is promoted and the work hardening rate is enhanced.Finally,the combined effect of dispersed micro-shear bands and lath distortions is considered contributive for alleviating the stress concentration at grain boundaries,resulting in a high-promising synergy of enhanced ultimate tensile strength of 1080 MPa and good elongation to fracture of 13.6%.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51301070)Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.182102210068)
摘要To improve both oxygen evolution efficiency and stability at high temperatures, Mn, Mn+Mo, Mn+Mo+V, and Mn+Fe+V oxide electrodes were prepared on a Ti substrate, with an intermediate layer of IrO_2, by an anodic deposition method. The crystal structure, surface morphology, pore size distribution, specific surface area, and voltammetric charge were then characterized for each electrode. The results demonstrated that for Mn-O electrodes, the preferential orientation of the(100) crystal plane and the mesopore structure played negative roles in the oxygen evolution reaction. On the basis of the electrocatalytic properties of MnO2-based electrodes in seawater, the outer surface voltammetric charge at a scan rate of 500 mV·s-1 was shown to effectively indicate whether oxygen evolution reactions were preferred over chlorine evolution reactions. The Mn-O electrode exhibited oxygen evolution efficiency of only 47.27%, whereas the Mn+Mo, Mn+Mo+V and Mn+Fe+V oxide electrodes displayed oxygen evolution efficiency of nearly 100%. This means that adding Mo, V, and Fe elements to the electrode can improve its crystal structure and morphology as well as further enhancing its oxygen evolution efficiency.
基金supported by the Medical Special Cultivation Project of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Nos.YZ2023H2B013 and YZ2023H2B012),China.
摘要To explore high value-added utilization pathways of fly ash,the mesoporous structure of silicon dioxide extracted from fly ash(FA-SiO2)was utilized to restrict the dicyandiamide(DCDA)thermal degradation process.This produced chemically bonded interacting composite photocatalysts of FA-SiO,and graphitic-phase carbon nitride(g-C3N4).Compared with the spherical silicon dioxide prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS-SiO2),the mesoporous structure of FA-SiO2,allowed DCDA to react in a smaller space,which facilitated the transformation of DCDA to melamine by the thermal degradation kinetics of FA-C3N4/DCDA.This ultimately boosted the formation of an N-atom-removed triazine ring structure and a multistage structure combining lumps and rods in the composite photocatalysts of g-C3N4,and FA-SiO2,which led to a higher visible-light utilization efficiency,a suitable valence-band position,and the photocatalytic activity for methylene blue reaching 3.56 times that of g-C3N4.The findings indicate that mesoporous FA-SiO,has the potential to improve the structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4,-based materials.
基金financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(no.NRF-2021R1A2C2010781)grant funded by the Korean Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(no.P0012451,The Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist)Korea Government(MOTIE)(no.P0020966,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).
摘要Neuromorphic computing devices leveraging HfO2 and ZrO2 materials have recently garnered significant attention due to their potential for brain-inspired computing systems.In this study,we present a novel trilayer Pt/HfO2/ZrO2-x/HfO2/TiN memristor,engineered with a ZrO2-x oxygen vacancy reservoir(OVR)layer fabricated via radio frequency(RF)sputtering under controlled oxygen ambient.The incorporation of the ZrO2-x OVR layer enables enhanced resistive switching characteristics,including a high ON/OFF ratio(∼8000),excellent uniformity,robust data retention(>105 s),and multilevel storage capabilities.Furthermore,the memristor demonstrates superior synaptic plasticity with linear long-term potentiation(LTP)and depression(LTD),achieving low non-linearity values of 1.36(LTP)and 0.66(LTD),and a recognition accuracy of 95.3%in an MNIST dataset simulation.The unique properties of the ZrO2-x layer,particularly its ability to act as a dynamic oxygen vacancy reservoir,significantly enhance synaptic performance by stabilizing oxygen vacancy migration.These findings establish the OVR-trilayer memristor as a promising candidate for future neuromorphic computing and high-performance memory applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(20232ACB213001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22362022,52361040,22568029)+1 种基金the Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2023101072)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20252BAC250133,20232ACB203004).
摘要The escalating atmospheric CO2 levels necessitate efficient catalytic technologies for its conversion into value-added chemicals.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in ZrO2-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation,emphasizing their multifunctional roles beyond conventional supports.Owing to its tunable crystalline phases,abundant oxygen vacancies,and synergistic metal-support interactions,ZrO2 significantly enhances catalytic performance in producing methane,methanol,and other products.Key design strategies,such as phase engineering,morphology control,and the construction of inverse or composite structures,are discussed in relation to their influence on CO2 adsorption,intermediate stabilization,and reaction pathway regulation.Mechanistic insights reveal that ZrO2 facilitates H2 dissociation,promotes hydrogen spillover,and stabilizes active metal species,thereby optimizing product selectivity and catalyst durability.Furthermore,tandem catalytic systems integrating ZrO2 with zeolites demonstrate exceptional potential in steering C-C coupling while suppressing over-hydrogenation.This review not only elucidates structure-activity relationships and kinetic behaviors but also outlines future research directions,including in situ characterization and scalable catalyst design,thereby providing critical guidance for the development of high-performance CO2 hydrogenation catalysts and advancing carbon-neutral fuel and chemical production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174321,52274339 and 52074186).
摘要The reaction behavior between CaO–Al2O3–La2O3-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO2-based slags.Based on this,the new type of mold flux for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting was designed and its basic properties were evaluated.The results showed that the order of reaction degree of fluxing agents in CaO–Al2O3–La2O3-based slags is(Na2O)>(B2O3)>(Li2O),and the percentages of mass change of fluxing agents were 85.8,54.29 and 42.35 wt.%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of(Li2O)and(Na2O)promoted the reaction between(CaO)and[Al],and the reaction degree of the former was weaker than that of the latter,which was due to the greater effect of(Na2O)on the activity of(CaO)and(Al2O3)than(Li2O).Compared with the reactivity of CaO–SiO2-based slags,the percentages of mass change of Al and La caused by slag–steel reaction decreased by 10.63–14.36 and 39.78–50.49 wt.%,respectively.The percentages of mass change of(Al2O3),(La2O3)and(CaO)in slags highest increased by 17.71,17.98,and 7.81 wt.%,respectively.The reactivity of CaO–Al2O3–La2O3-based slags was significantly weakened.Ultimately,the new type of mold flux was designed and the composition range was determined.The fundamental properties of new mold flux basically meet the theoretical requirements for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting.
基金Projects(51371099,51501091)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
摘要The(Cu−10Sn)−Ni−MoS2 composites,prepared by powder metallurgy,were studied for the effects of Ni-coated MoS2 on the microstructure,mechanical properties and lubricating properties.The mechanism of effects of Ni and MoS2 on the properties of composites was analyzed through a comparative experiment by adding Ni and MoS2 separately.The results show that the nickel wrapping around the MoS2 particles decreases the reaction rate of MoS2 with the copper matrix,and greatly improves the bonding of the matrix.The composites with 12 wt.%Ni-coated MoS2(C12)show the optimum performance including the mechanical properties and tribological behaviors.Under oil lubrication conditions,the friction coefficient is 0.0075 with a pressure of 8 MPa and a linear velocity of 0.25 m/s.The average dry friction coefficient,sliding against 40Cr steel disc,is measured to be 0.1769 when the linear velocity and pressure are 0.25 m/s and 4 MPa,respectively.
基金Project (090414185) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China
摘要Effects of VC/Cr3C2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets were studied. The microstructure was investigated by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry as well as scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectrometry. Mechanical properties, such as transverse rupture strength, hardness and fracture toughness, were measured. The results show that there are black core-grey rim structure and white core-grey rim structure in the microstructure. The grains become fine due to the VC/Cr3C2, and the grains of cermet added with 0.75VC/0.25Cr3C2 are refined most remarkably. The black core becomes finer with the increase of VC addition and rim phase becomes thicker with the decrease of Cr3C2 addition. The porosity increases with the increase of VC addition in VC/Cr3C2. Compared with the cermet free of VC/Cr3C2, the transverse rupture strength and hardness of cermets with VC/Cr3C2 are both improved, and the maximum values are both found for the cermet with 0.25VC/0.75Cr3C2. The fracture toughness can be effectively promoted by adding VC/Cr3C2 with an appropriate ratio of VC to Cr3C2, and the maximum value is found for the cermet with 0.5VC/0.5Cr3C2.
基金Project supported by the Australian Research CouncilZhi-Gang Chen thanks the USQ start-up grantstrategic research grant
摘要Thermoelectric materials,enabling the directing conversion between heat and electricity,are one of the promising candidates for overcoming environmental pollution and the upcoming energy shortage caused by the over-consumption of fossil fuels.Bi2Te3-based alloys are the classical thermoelectric materials working near room temperature.Due to the intensive theoretical investigations and experimental demonstrations,significant progress has been achieved to enhance the thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials.In this review,we first explored the fundamentals of thermoelectric effect and derived the equations for thermoelectric properties.On this basis,we studied the effect of material parameters on thermoelectric properties.Then,we analyzed the features of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials,including the lattice defects,anisotropic behavior and the strong bipolar conduction at relatively high temperature.Then we accordingly summarized the strategies for enhancing the thermoelectric performance,including point defect engineering,texture alignment,and band gap enlargement.Moreover,we highlighted the progress in decreasing thermal conductivity using nanostructures fabricated by solution grown method,ball milling,and melt spinning.Lastly,we employed modeling analysis to uncover the principles of anisotropy behavior and the achieved enhancement in Bi2Te3,which will enlighten the enhancement of thermoelectric performance in broader materials