Distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)utilizes standard optical fibers as continuous distributed seismic sensors,enabling the acquisition of subsurface vibration information with high spatial sampling density and long-dist...Distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)utilizes standard optical fibers as continuous distributed seismic sensors,enabling the acquisition of subsurface vibration information with high spatial sampling density and long-distance coverage.Existing numerical simulation methods for DAS data typically rely on solving elastic wave equations and are implemented through simplified processes such as axial projection along the fiber and spatial averaging.However,this approach neglects the influence of optical systems on DAS responses,including Rayleigh scattering,coherent detection,and signal demodulation,making it difficult to comprehensively reflect the response characteristics of actual DAS systems.To address this deficiency,this study proposes a DAS seismic response numerical simulation framework that integrates physical processes.We introduce Rayleigh scattering modeling and demodulation mechanisms for coherent OTDR(optical time domain reflectometry)in the simulation,and systematically consider key parameters including pulse width,gauge length,polarization fading,laser frequency drift,phase noise,and detector noise.Simulation results demonstrate that,under ideal noise-free conditions,the new model yields result highly consistent with those of the traditional spatial averaging model,validating its accuracy.In the presence of environmental noise,the proposed method produces smoother responses compared to traditional approaches,indicating a certain denoising advantage.When optical system noise is introduced,the physics-based simulation can reproduce complex phenomena observed in actual measurements,such as phase fading noise and frequency drift noise.These findings underscore the necessity and effectiveness of a physical model in capturing the true behavior of DAS systems.The proposed simulation framework provides a critical foundation for optimizing DAS system design,enhancing signal-to-noise ratios,and improving DAS data inversion.It holds significant guiding implications for the future application of DAS in seismic monitoring.展开更多
The design of conformal optical systems often suffers from insufficient theoretical guidance,resulting in repeated trial-and-error optimization.To address this,we introduce a design method based on aberration theory f...The design of conformal optical systems often suffers from insufficient theoretical guidance,resulting in repeated trial-and-error optimization.To address this,we introduce a design method based on aberration theory for plane-symmetric systems.By converting global surface parameters into local surface parameters,the aberration theory is generalized to conformal systems,enabling analytical calculation of each surface’s aberration contribution.Using this formulation,we propose a two-step design strategy.First,the optimal gimbal position is determined by minimizing the aberration contribution of the dome’s outer surface.Second,during arch-corrector optimization,freeform parameters associated with dominant aberrations are progressively introduced,and an aberration-coefficient-based merit function is employed.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,comparative designs of 14 conformal systems were completed for identical specifications across different gimbal positions and optimization approaches.Results demonstrate that the system designed using our method achieves a full-field modulation transfer function(MTF)exceeding 0.4 at a spatial frequency of 42 lp/mm,with imaging quality approaching the diffraction limit—representing a 2.4×improvement over conventional design methods.This approach provides systematic theoretical guidance for the design of high-performance conformal optical systems.展开更多
Heavy-haul locomotives operate in complex and dynamic environments.Drivers are required to frequently monitor numerous displays within the cab and track conditions,and switching the line of sight will result in drivin...Heavy-haul locomotives operate in complex and dynamic environments.Drivers are required to frequently monitor numerous displays within the cab and track conditions,and switching the line of sight will result in driving blind for a certain distance.This can easily lead to visual fatigue and safety incidents over extended periods.In this paper,we propose a dual-focal-plane augmented reality head-up display(AR-HUD)system adapted for heavy-haul locomotives,integrating dual picture generation units(PGUs)with two freeform surfaces to achieve the display of near-field and far-field.Due to the large inclination angle of the windshield in heavy-haul locomotives,there are significant aberrations of the optical system and the virtual image quality of the far-field needs to be improved.To address this issue,we introduce two freeform surfaces into the optical path of the far-field to reduce aberration.The increased structural degrees of freedom facilitate subsequent optimization.Following optimization of the system,the maximum root mean square(RMS)radius within the eyebox regions E1 to E5 was smaller than the Airy disk radius,and the modulation transfer function(MTF)value at the cutoff frequency exceeded 0.3.Grid distortion was less than 5%,and at the cutoff frequency of 4.31 line pairs per millimeter(lp/mm),over 98%of the MTF was greater than 0.3.The image quality and overall imaging performance were excellent,with reasonable tolerance distribution,demonstrating the feasibility of this design.This configuration allows for the simultaneous display of both far-field and near-field images,enhancing its applicability in rail transport.The feasibility of this innovative AR-HUD system has been validated through user interface(UI)simulation.展开更多
Optimization and simplification of optical systems represent a milestone in advancing the development of handheld and portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)systems towards smaller,more integrated forms.Th...Optimization and simplification of optical systems represent a milestone in advancing the development of handheld and portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)systems towards smaller,more integrated forms.This research,for the first time,conducted a comprehensive optimization design and comparative analysis of three compact LIBS system optical paths:the paraxial optical path(OP),the off-axis OP,and the reflective OP.The differences in spectral intensity and stability among these paths were revealed,providing a scientific basis for selecting the optimal OP for LIBS systems.The research found that the paraxial OP excels in spectral performance and quantitative analysis accuracy,making it the preferred choice for compact LIBS systems.Specifically,the paraxial OP significantly enhances spectral intensity,achieving a 6 times improvement over the off-axis OP and an even more remarkable 150 times increase compared to the reflective OP,greatly enhancing detection sensitivity.Additionally,the relative standard deviation,spectral stability index,maintains a consistently low level,ranging from 10.9%to 13.4%,significantly outperforming the other two OPs and ensuring the reliability of analytical results.In the field of quantitative analysis,the paraxial OP also demonstrates higher accuracy,precision,and sensitivity,comparing to other OPs.The quantitative analysis models for Si,Cu,and Ti elements exhibit excellent fitting,providing users with high-quality quantitative analysis results that are of great significance for applications in material science,environmental monitoring,industrial inspection,and other fields.In summary,this study not only confirms the enormous application potential of the paraxial OP in compact LIBS systems but also provides valuable practical experience and theoretical support for the miniaturization and integration of LIBS systems.Looking ahead,with continuous technological advancements,the design of the paraxial OP is expected to further propel the widespread adoption of LIBS technology in portable,on-site detection applications.展开更多
The aerospace industry is a very unforgiving field, where even the smallest error could have catastrophic consequences.To reduce the risk of disaster, multiple systems are put into place to provide accurate informatio...The aerospace industry is a very unforgiving field, where even the smallest error could have catastrophic consequences.To reduce the risk of disaster, multiple systems are put into place to provide accurate information for informed decisionmaking. The field of optics has played a pivotal role in advancing space exploration and technology. From enabling preciseobservations of distant celestial objects to facilitating communication across vast interstellar distances, optics hasbecome an indispensable tool in space science and supported by significant advances in the last few years, new and improvedapplications continue to arise. This review aims to explore the diverse applications of optical systems and technologiesin the aerospace industry, highlighting recent developments regarding navigation, communications, process andstructural health monitoring, as well as the monitorization of astronauts' health.展开更多
This article describes a novel configuration design for a re-imaging off-axis catadioptric space infrared optical system,and in order to satisfy the signal noise ratio requirements of the system,the stray light of the...This article describes a novel configuration design for a re-imaging off-axis catadioptric space infrared optical system,and in order to satisfy the signal noise ratio requirements of the system,the stray light of the system is necessary to analyze and restrain. The optical system with a focal length of 1 200 mm,an entrance pupil diameter of 600 mm,an F-number of 2,a field of view of 3°× 0. 15°,a working wave band of 8 μm-10 μm,and the image quality of the optical system almost approach to diffraction limits in all field of view.Then the mathematical models of stray light are built,and the suppressive structure is established to eliminate the effect of stray light. Finally,TraceP ro is used to analyze and simulate stray light with and without the suppressive structure,and also get the results of the PST curves. The results indicate that appropriate optical system and suppressive structure can highly reduce the stray light of the space infrared optical system.展开更多
Charge exchange (CEX) ions could inflict severe damages on the ion thruster optical system. This article is aimed at investigating the characteristics of the CEX ions and their influences upon the optical system by ...Charge exchange (CEX) ions could inflict severe damages on the ion thruster optical system. This article is aimed at investigating the characteristics of the CEX ions and their influences upon the optical system by means of particle-incell(PIC) ion simulation and Monte Carlo collision(MCC) methods. The results from numerical simulation indicate that despite the fact that CEX ions appear in the entire beamlet region near the ion optical system, the ones that present themselves downstream of the accelerator grid have good reason for attracting more attention. As their trajectories are significantly affected by the local electric field, a great number of CEX ions are accelerated toward grids resulting in sputtering erosion. When the influences of the CEX ions are considered in the nulnerical simulation,there could hardly be observed augments in the screen grid current,but the accelerator grid current increases from zero to 1.4% of the beamlet current. It can be understood from the numerical simulation that the CEX ions formed in the region far downstream of the accelerator grid should be blamed for the erosion on the downstream surface of the accelerator grid.展开更多
A symmetric plasmonie structure consisting of metal-insulator metal waveguide, groove studied, which supports double Fano resonances deriving from two different mechanisms and slot cavities is One of the Fano resonanc...A symmetric plasmonie structure consisting of metal-insulator metal waveguide, groove studied, which supports double Fano resonances deriving from two different mechanisms and slot cavities is One of the Fano resonances originates from the interference between the resonances of groove and slot cavities, and the other comes from the interference between slot cavities. The spectral line shapes and the peaks of the double Fano resonances can be modulated by changing the length of the slot cavities and the height of the groove. Furthermore, the wavelength of the resonance peak has a linear relationship with the length of the slot cavities. The proposed plasmonic nanosensor possesses a sensitivity of 800nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 3150, which may have important applications in switches, sensors, and nonlinear devices.展开更多
An orthonormal beam family of super Lorentz-Gauss (SLG) beam model is proposed to describe the higher-order mode beams with high divergence, which are generated by a high power diode laser. Here we consider the simp...An orthonormal beam family of super Lorentz-Gauss (SLG) beam model is proposed to describe the higher-order mode beams with high divergence, which are generated by a high power diode laser. Here we consider the simplest case of the SLG beams, where there are four mutually orthogonal SLG beams, namely SLG00, SLG01, SLG10, and SLGll beams. The SLG00 beam is just the Lorentz-Gauss beam. Based on the Collins integral formula and the Hermite-Gaussian expansion of a Lorentz function, an analytical expression for the Wigner distribution function (WDF) of an SLG11 beam through a paraxial ABCD optical system is derived. The properties of the WDF of an SLG11 beam propagating in free space are demonstrated. The normalized WDFs of an SLG11 beam at the different spatial points are depicted in several observation planes. The influence of the beam parameter on the WDF of an SLGI 1 beam in free space is analyzed at different propagation distances. The second-order moments of the WDF of an SLG11 beam in free space are also examined. This research reveals the propagation properties of an SLGll beam from another perspective. The WDFs of SLG01 and SLG10 beams can be easily obtained by using the WDFs of Lorentz-Gauss beam and the SLG11 beam.展开更多
By introducing the entangled state representation and the two-mode Fresnel operator we provide quantum mechanical version for Bessel beam's classical propagation in ABCD optical system. This provides the opportunity ...By introducing the entangled state representation and the two-mode Fresnel operator we provide quantum mechanical version for Bessel beam's classical propagation in ABCD optical system. This provides the opportunity of studying various classical Fresnel transformations in the context of quantum optics.展开更多
High performance optical systems are characterized by high sensitivity to assembly procedure of the system and to any sensible change in environmental conditions.This sensitivity issue is handled in this paper through...High performance optical systems are characterized by high sensitivity to assembly procedure of the system and to any sensible change in environmental conditions.This sensitivity issue is handled in this paper through a methodology allowing a computational prediction of optical performance when the opto-mechanical system is subject to some external factors.This paper explains the methodology through an example of an optical objective of excellent performance undergoing static mechanical stresses which degrade the performance expressed by an MTF diagram.Then the objective is manufactured,assembled,and an optical interferometer is used to test the objective when stress is retained;and the experimental results of degraded MTF are compared to the analytical MTF.The excellent matching between the two sets of results confirms the validity of the proposed methodology.展开更多
Dialysis hypotension is one of the most prevalence symptoms of dialysis and occurs in 40%of treatment sessions.Detection and prediction of hypotension is important for the well-being of the patient and for optimizing ...Dialysis hypotension is one of the most prevalence symptoms of dialysis and occurs in 40%of treatment sessions.Detection and prediction of hypotension is important for the well-being of the patient and for optimizing treatment.The aim of this study was to construct optical system to monitor blood pressure(BP)continuously and without cuff in hemodialysis based on pulse transit time(PTT)method.To measure the BP changes,dual channel optical system were developed.In this study,individuals were classified into two groups of normal and hemodialysis.In both groups,BP and consequently PTT were earned three times in different positions.After the initial calibration,the regression equation was drawn for each subject.In normal group,each subject was placed in the supine position and BP was measured both by designed system and sphyg-momanometer cuff.During BP measurements,in addition to BP,blood pressure decline was also monitored by optical system.For hemodialysis group,the same measurement setup was adopted.In both groups,the error between cuff method and PTT was calculated.Correlation coefficients for BPcuf vs BP pTT were calculated and Bland-Altman plot was performed for the normal and hemodialysis groups.In this study 16 subjects participated.The results for normal group showed that maximum difference between cuff method and the present method was 14 mmHg and for.dialysis group was 16 mmHg.Bland-A ltman plot in normal group revealed limits of agreement from-13.98 to 13.18 mmHg.Considering hemodialysis group,limits of agreement were from-15.94 to 13.88 mmHg.The correlation coefficient was 0.74 for normal group and was 0.72 for hemodialysis group.The proposed system can monitor BP continuously and diagnose sudden hypotension.So it can be recommended as a useful method to indicate hypotension and can be used for dialysis unit.展开更多
A conformal optical system refers to the one whose first optical surface conforms to both aerodynamic and imaging requirements. Appropriate correction is required because a conformal dome induces significant aberratio...A conformal optical system refers to the one whose first optical surface conforms to both aerodynamic and imaging requirements. Appropriate correction is required because a conformal dome induces significant aberrations. This paper intends to explain that an effective solution to the easy-fabrication conic surface corrector compensates aberrations induced by a coaxial aspheric dome. A conformal optical system with an ellipsoid MgF2 conformal dome, which has a fineness ratio of 2.0, is designed as an example. The field of regard angle is -4-30 degrees with a +2 degree instantaneous field of view. The system's ultimate value of modulation transfer function is close to the diffraction limit, which indicates that the performance of the conic conformal optical system with a fixed conic corrector meets the imaging requirements.展开更多
This paper analyses the dynamic residual aberrations of a conformal optical system and introduces adaptive optics (AO) correction technology to this system. The image sharpening AO system is chosen as the correction...This paper analyses the dynamic residual aberrations of a conformal optical system and introduces adaptive optics (AO) correction technology to this system. The image sharpening AO system is chosen as the correction scheme.Communication between MATLAB and Code V is established via ActiveX technique in computer simulation.The SPGD algorithm is operated at seven zoom positions to calculate the optimized surface shape of the deformable mirror.After comparison of performance of the corrected system with the baseline system,AO technology is proved to be a good way of correcting the dynamic residual aberration in conformal optical design.展开更多
Backgrounds This paper introduces a polarized catadioptric virtual reality optical system.With a focus on the issue of serious ghost image in the system,root causes are analyzed based on design principles and optical ...Backgrounds This paper introduces a polarized catadioptric virtual reality optical system.With a focus on the issue of serious ghost image in the system,root causes are analyzed based on design principles and optical structure.Methods The distribution of stray light is simulated using Lighttools,and three major ghost paths are selected using the area of the diffuse spot,S d and the energy ratio of the stray light,K as evaluation means.A method to restrain the ghost image through optimization of the structure of the optical system by controlling the focal power of the ghost image path is proposed.Results/Conclusions The results show that the Sd for the ghost image path increases by 40%and K decreases by 40%after optimization.Ghost image is effectively suppressed,which provides the theoretical basis and technical support for ghost suppression in a virtual reality optical system.展开更多
In this paper, an exact analytical propagation formula of Finite Olver-Gaussian Beams (FOGBs) passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system is developed and some numerical examples are performed. The propagation prop...In this paper, an exact analytical propagation formula of Finite Olver-Gaussian Beams (FOGBs) passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system is developed and some numerical examples are performed. The propagation properties of the FOGBs through general optical systems characterized by given ABCD matrix are studied on the basis of the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral, which permits to show the behavior of this laser beams family and its properties de-pending of the laser parameters. This research is of interest to prove some investigations done in the past by other researchers.展开更多
Based on the Collins diffraction formula and by means of the expansion of a hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, two analytical approaches of the Finite Olver beams (FOBs) passing th...Based on the Collins diffraction formula and by means of the expansion of a hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, two analytical approaches of the Finite Olver beams (FOBs) passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with a circular annular aperture or a rectangular one are developed in this paper. The propagation properties of the FOBs through an unapertured ABCD optical system or through this last with a circular (or rectangular) aperture or a circular (or rectangular) black screen are deduced, from the main results, as particular cases. Also, the characteristics of Finite ordinary Airy beam passing through the all considered optical systems are derived here that correspond to zeroth-order of the FOBs. According to the predicted formulas, computer simulation examples are given to deepen the understanding of the characteristics of the FOBs passing through some optical systems of annular aperture basis.展开更多
The images obtained by a large optical detection system(>500 mm) are always blurred by atmospheric turbulence. To address this blurring, an adaptive optical system is urgently needed. Here, a 1.3 m vehicle-based ad...The images obtained by a large optical detection system(>500 mm) are always blurred by atmospheric turbulence. To address this blurring, an adaptive optical system is urgently needed. Here, a 1.3 m vehicle-based adaptive optical system(VAOS), located on the Nasmyth focus, is investigated. A two-grade tipilt steering mirror is used to eliminate tracking jitter and atmospheric tipping error. Pupil matching and cooperation between the deformable mirror and the wavefront sensor are adopted to achieve high-order aberration measurement and correction via closed-loop correction and to allow the telescope to obtain high-quality imaging. For different seeing conditions and site locations, the VAOS achieves the sensing over the wavelength range from 0.5 μm to 0.7 μm using a Shack-Harmann wavefront sensor and the correction with a 97-unit deformable mirror for an imaging spectrum range from 0.7 μm to 0.9 μm. Moreover, the maximum detection capability of the system is greater than a visual magnitude of 5, and the angular imaging resolution is better than 0.3".展开更多
The formalism of generalized diffraction integral for paraxial misaligned optical systems is used to investigate the propagation of the Modified Bessel-Gaussian (MBG) beam through a misaligned thin lens. The propertie...The formalism of generalized diffraction integral for paraxial misaligned optical systems is used to investigate the propagation of the Modified Bessel-Gaussian (MBG) beam through a misaligned thin lens. The properties of the propagation of MBG beam traveling through this misaligned ABCD optical system are discussed. A special case of misaligned circular thin lens is illustrated analytically and numerically. The shape of the MBG beam at the exit of the misaligned optical system is unchanged;however the center of the beam is shifted from the propagation axis in correlated manner with the design parameters of the optical system.展开更多
The optical system of the electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostics on the HL-2A tokamak has been optimized in both the narrow zoom pattern and the wide zoom pattern. The two main features of the improved optica...The optical system of the electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostics on the HL-2A tokamak has been optimized in both the narrow zoom pattern and the wide zoom pattern. The two main features of the improved optical system are(1) larger coverage of the measurement region in the plasma and(2) a flatter imaging surface. The new optics has good focal characteristics over the whole plasma cross section. The curvature of the field of the image surface(ΔR between the core channel and the edge channel) is within 5.3 cm in the narrow zoom pattern and 6.7 cm in the wide zoom pattern after optimization, whereas the values with the present optics were 23 cm in the narrow zoom pattern and 15 cm in the wide zoom pattern. The optics will be fabricated, tested and installed on the HL-2A tokamak before the next experimental campaign.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.42025403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42442403,42404145)。
摘要Distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)utilizes standard optical fibers as continuous distributed seismic sensors,enabling the acquisition of subsurface vibration information with high spatial sampling density and long-distance coverage.Existing numerical simulation methods for DAS data typically rely on solving elastic wave equations and are implemented through simplified processes such as axial projection along the fiber and spatial averaging.However,this approach neglects the influence of optical systems on DAS responses,including Rayleigh scattering,coherent detection,and signal demodulation,making it difficult to comprehensively reflect the response characteristics of actual DAS systems.To address this deficiency,this study proposes a DAS seismic response numerical simulation framework that integrates physical processes.We introduce Rayleigh scattering modeling and demodulation mechanisms for coherent OTDR(optical time domain reflectometry)in the simulation,and systematically consider key parameters including pulse width,gauge length,polarization fading,laser frequency drift,phase noise,and detector noise.Simulation results demonstrate that,under ideal noise-free conditions,the new model yields result highly consistent with those of the traditional spatial averaging model,validating its accuracy.In the presence of environmental noise,the proposed method produces smoother responses compared to traditional approaches,indicating a certain denoising advantage.When optical system noise is introduced,the physics-based simulation can reproduce complex phenomena observed in actual measurements,such as phase fading noise and frequency drift noise.These findings underscore the necessity and effectiveness of a physical model in capturing the true behavior of DAS systems.The proposed simulation framework provides a critical foundation for optimizing DAS system design,enhancing signal-to-noise ratios,and improving DAS data inversion.It holds significant guiding implications for the future application of DAS in seismic monitoring.
摘要The design of conformal optical systems often suffers from insufficient theoretical guidance,resulting in repeated trial-and-error optimization.To address this,we introduce a design method based on aberration theory for plane-symmetric systems.By converting global surface parameters into local surface parameters,the aberration theory is generalized to conformal systems,enabling analytical calculation of each surface’s aberration contribution.Using this formulation,we propose a two-step design strategy.First,the optimal gimbal position is determined by minimizing the aberration contribution of the dome’s outer surface.Second,during arch-corrector optimization,freeform parameters associated with dominant aberrations are progressively introduced,and an aberration-coefficient-based merit function is employed.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,comparative designs of 14 conformal systems were completed for identical specifications across different gimbal positions and optimization approaches.Results demonstrate that the system designed using our method achieves a full-field modulation transfer function(MTF)exceeding 0.4 at a spatial frequency of 42 lp/mm,with imaging quality approaching the diffraction limit—representing a 2.4×improvement over conventional design methods.This approach provides systematic theoretical guidance for the design of high-performance conformal optical systems.
基金supported by the Key R&D Plan Projects in Zhejiang Province(No.2023C01243)China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52472422,52293424,and 52477065).
摘要Heavy-haul locomotives operate in complex and dynamic environments.Drivers are required to frequently monitor numerous displays within the cab and track conditions,and switching the line of sight will result in driving blind for a certain distance.This can easily lead to visual fatigue and safety incidents over extended periods.In this paper,we propose a dual-focal-plane augmented reality head-up display(AR-HUD)system adapted for heavy-haul locomotives,integrating dual picture generation units(PGUs)with two freeform surfaces to achieve the display of near-field and far-field.Due to the large inclination angle of the windshield in heavy-haul locomotives,there are significant aberrations of the optical system and the virtual image quality of the far-field needs to be improved.To address this issue,we introduce two freeform surfaces into the optical path of the far-field to reduce aberration.The increased structural degrees of freedom facilitate subsequent optimization.Following optimization of the system,the maximum root mean square(RMS)radius within the eyebox regions E1 to E5 was smaller than the Airy disk radius,and the modulation transfer function(MTF)value at the cutoff frequency exceeded 0.3.Grid distortion was less than 5%,and at the cutoff frequency of 4.31 line pairs per millimeter(lp/mm),over 98%of the MTF was greater than 0.3.The image quality and overall imaging performance were excellent,with reasonable tolerance distribution,demonstrating the feasibility of this design.This configuration allows for the simultaneous display of both far-field and near-field images,enhancing its applicability in rail transport.The feasibility of this innovative AR-HUD system has been validated through user interface(UI)simulation.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.62305392 and 62305123)Independent Research and Development Project of Naval Engineering University (No.2023504050)the Nursery Plan Project of Navel University of Engineering (2022)。
摘要Optimization and simplification of optical systems represent a milestone in advancing the development of handheld and portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)systems towards smaller,more integrated forms.This research,for the first time,conducted a comprehensive optimization design and comparative analysis of three compact LIBS system optical paths:the paraxial optical path(OP),the off-axis OP,and the reflective OP.The differences in spectral intensity and stability among these paths were revealed,providing a scientific basis for selecting the optimal OP for LIBS systems.The research found that the paraxial OP excels in spectral performance and quantitative analysis accuracy,making it the preferred choice for compact LIBS systems.Specifically,the paraxial OP significantly enhances spectral intensity,achieving a 6 times improvement over the off-axis OP and an even more remarkable 150 times increase compared to the reflective OP,greatly enhancing detection sensitivity.Additionally,the relative standard deviation,spectral stability index,maintains a consistently low level,ranging from 10.9%to 13.4%,significantly outperforming the other two OPs and ensuring the reliability of analytical results.In the field of quantitative analysis,the paraxial OP also demonstrates higher accuracy,precision,and sensitivity,comparing to other OPs.The quantitative analysis models for Si,Cu,and Ti elements exhibit excellent fitting,providing users with high-quality quantitative analysis results that are of great significance for applications in material science,environmental monitoring,industrial inspection,and other fields.In summary,this study not only confirms the enormous application potential of the paraxial OP in compact LIBS systems but also provides valuable practical experience and theoretical support for the miniaturization and integration of LIBS systems.Looking ahead,with continuous technological advancements,the design of the paraxial OP is expected to further propel the widespread adoption of LIBS technology in portable,on-site detection applications.
基金funded by National Funds through the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation(FCT I.P.)under the scope of the project CICECO(LA/P/0006/2020,UIDB/50011/2020,UIDP/50011/2020)The research was co-funded by the financial support of the European Union under the REFRESH–Research Excellence For Region Sustainability and High-tech Industries project number CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048 via the Operational Programme Just Transitionsupported by the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic conducted by the VSB-Technical University of Ostrava,under grants no.SP2025/039 and SP2025/021.
摘要The aerospace industry is a very unforgiving field, where even the smallest error could have catastrophic consequences.To reduce the risk of disaster, multiple systems are put into place to provide accurate information for informed decisionmaking. The field of optics has played a pivotal role in advancing space exploration and technology. From enabling preciseobservations of distant celestial objects to facilitating communication across vast interstellar distances, optics hasbecome an indispensable tool in space science and supported by significant advances in the last few years, new and improvedapplications continue to arise. This review aims to explore the diverse applications of optical systems and technologiesin the aerospace industry, highlighting recent developments regarding navigation, communications, process andstructural health monitoring, as well as the monitorization of astronauts' health.
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.863-2-5-1-13B)
摘要This article describes a novel configuration design for a re-imaging off-axis catadioptric space infrared optical system,and in order to satisfy the signal noise ratio requirements of the system,the stray light of the system is necessary to analyze and restrain. The optical system with a focal length of 1 200 mm,an entrance pupil diameter of 600 mm,an F-number of 2,a field of view of 3°× 0. 15°,a working wave band of 8 μm-10 μm,and the image quality of the optical system almost approach to diffraction limits in all field of view.Then the mathematical models of stray light are built,and the suppressive structure is established to eliminate the effect of stray light. Finally,TraceP ro is used to analyze and simulate stray light with and without the suppressive structure,and also get the results of the PST curves. The results indicate that appropriate optical system and suppressive structure can highly reduce the stray light of the space infrared optical system.
基金Foundation of National Key Lab of Vacuum and Cryo-genics Technology and Physics(9140C5504020704)
摘要Charge exchange (CEX) ions could inflict severe damages on the ion thruster optical system. This article is aimed at investigating the characteristics of the CEX ions and their influences upon the optical system by means of particle-incell(PIC) ion simulation and Monte Carlo collision(MCC) methods. The results from numerical simulation indicate that despite the fact that CEX ions appear in the entire beamlet region near the ion optical system, the ones that present themselves downstream of the accelerator grid have good reason for attracting more attention. As their trajectories are significantly affected by the local electric field, a great number of CEX ions are accelerated toward grids resulting in sputtering erosion. When the influences of the CEX ions are considered in the nulnerical simulation,there could hardly be observed augments in the screen grid current,but the accelerator grid current increases from zero to 1.4% of the beamlet current. It can be understood from the numerical simulation that the CEX ions formed in the region far downstream of the accelerator grid should be blamed for the erosion on the downstream surface of the accelerator grid.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No 2016YFA0301300the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11374041 and 11574035the State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
摘要A symmetric plasmonie structure consisting of metal-insulator metal waveguide, groove studied, which supports double Fano resonances deriving from two different mechanisms and slot cavities is One of the Fano resonances originates from the interference between the resonances of groove and slot cavities, and the other comes from the interference between slot cavities. The spectral line shapes and the peaks of the double Fano resonances can be modulated by changing the length of the slot cavities and the height of the groove. Furthermore, the wavelength of the resonance peak has a linear relationship with the length of the slot cavities. The proposed plasmonic nanosensor possesses a sensitivity of 800nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 3150, which may have important applications in switches, sensors, and nonlinear devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10974179)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.Y1090073)
摘要An orthonormal beam family of super Lorentz-Gauss (SLG) beam model is proposed to describe the higher-order mode beams with high divergence, which are generated by a high power diode laser. Here we consider the simplest case of the SLG beams, where there are four mutually orthogonal SLG beams, namely SLG00, SLG01, SLG10, and SLGll beams. The SLG00 beam is just the Lorentz-Gauss beam. Based on the Collins integral formula and the Hermite-Gaussian expansion of a Lorentz function, an analytical expression for the Wigner distribution function (WDF) of an SLG11 beam through a paraxial ABCD optical system is derived. The properties of the WDF of an SLG11 beam propagating in free space are demonstrated. The normalized WDFs of an SLG11 beam at the different spatial points are depicted in several observation planes. The influence of the beam parameter on the WDF of an SLGI 1 beam in free space is analyzed at different propagation distances. The second-order moments of the WDF of an SLG11 beam in free space are also examined. This research reveals the propagation properties of an SLGll beam from another perspective. The WDFs of SLG01 and SLG10 beams can be easily obtained by using the WDFs of Lorentz-Gauss beam and the SLG11 beam.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10775097 and 10874174
摘要By introducing the entangled state representation and the two-mode Fresnel operator we provide quantum mechanical version for Bessel beam's classical propagation in ABCD optical system. This provides the opportunity of studying various classical Fresnel transformations in the context of quantum optics.
摘要High performance optical systems are characterized by high sensitivity to assembly procedure of the system and to any sensible change in environmental conditions.This sensitivity issue is handled in this paper through a methodology allowing a computational prediction of optical performance when the opto-mechanical system is subject to some external factors.This paper explains the methodology through an example of an optical objective of excellent performance undergoing static mechanical stresses which degrade the performance expressed by an MTF diagram.Then the objective is manufactured,assembled,and an optical interferometer is used to test the objective when stress is retained;and the experimental results of degraded MTF are compared to the analytical MTF.The excellent matching between the two sets of results confirms the validity of the proposed methodology.
摘要Dialysis hypotension is one of the most prevalence symptoms of dialysis and occurs in 40%of treatment sessions.Detection and prediction of hypotension is important for the well-being of the patient and for optimizing treatment.The aim of this study was to construct optical system to monitor blood pressure(BP)continuously and without cuff in hemodialysis based on pulse transit time(PTT)method.To measure the BP changes,dual channel optical system were developed.In this study,individuals were classified into two groups of normal and hemodialysis.In both groups,BP and consequently PTT were earned three times in different positions.After the initial calibration,the regression equation was drawn for each subject.In normal group,each subject was placed in the supine position and BP was measured both by designed system and sphyg-momanometer cuff.During BP measurements,in addition to BP,blood pressure decline was also monitored by optical system.For hemodialysis group,the same measurement setup was adopted.In both groups,the error between cuff method and PTT was calculated.Correlation coefficients for BPcuf vs BP pTT were calculated and Bland-Altman plot was performed for the normal and hemodialysis groups.In this study 16 subjects participated.The results for normal group showed that maximum difference between cuff method and the present method was 14 mmHg and for.dialysis group was 16 mmHg.Bland-A ltman plot in normal group revealed limits of agreement from-13.98 to 13.18 mmHg.Considering hemodialysis group,limits of agreement were from-15.94 to 13.88 mmHg.The correlation coefficient was 0.74 for normal group and was 0.72 for hemodialysis group.The proposed system can monitor BP continuously and diagnose sudden hypotension.So it can be recommended as a useful method to indicate hypotension and can be used for dialysis unit.
基金Project supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (Grant No.20060112102)
摘要A conformal optical system refers to the one whose first optical surface conforms to both aerodynamic and imaging requirements. Appropriate correction is required because a conformal dome induces significant aberrations. This paper intends to explain that an effective solution to the easy-fabrication conic surface corrector compensates aberrations induced by a coaxial aspheric dome. A conformal optical system with an ellipsoid MgF2 conformal dome, which has a fineness ratio of 2.0, is designed as an example. The field of regard angle is -4-30 degrees with a +2 degree instantaneous field of view. The system's ultimate value of modulation transfer function is close to the diffraction limit, which indicates that the performance of the conic conformal optical system with a fixed conic corrector meets the imaging requirements.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No 2006AA012339)
摘要This paper analyses the dynamic residual aberrations of a conformal optical system and introduces adaptive optics (AO) correction technology to this system. The image sharpening AO system is chosen as the correction scheme.Communication between MATLAB and Code V is established via ActiveX technique in computer simulation.The SPGD algorithm is operated at seven zoom positions to calculate the optimized surface shape of the deformable mirror.After comparison of performance of the corrected system with the baseline system,AO technology is proved to be a good way of correcting the dynamic residual aberration in conformal optical design.
摘要Backgrounds This paper introduces a polarized catadioptric virtual reality optical system.With a focus on the issue of serious ghost image in the system,root causes are analyzed based on design principles and optical structure.Methods The distribution of stray light is simulated using Lighttools,and three major ghost paths are selected using the area of the diffuse spot,S d and the energy ratio of the stray light,K as evaluation means.A method to restrain the ghost image through optimization of the structure of the optical system by controlling the focal power of the ghost image path is proposed.Results/Conclusions The results show that the Sd for the ghost image path increases by 40%and K decreases by 40%after optimization.Ghost image is effectively suppressed,which provides the theoretical basis and technical support for ghost suppression in a virtual reality optical system.
摘要In this paper, an exact analytical propagation formula of Finite Olver-Gaussian Beams (FOGBs) passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system is developed and some numerical examples are performed. The propagation properties of the FOGBs through general optical systems characterized by given ABCD matrix are studied on the basis of the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral, which permits to show the behavior of this laser beams family and its properties de-pending of the laser parameters. This research is of interest to prove some investigations done in the past by other researchers.
摘要Based on the Collins diffraction formula and by means of the expansion of a hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, two analytical approaches of the Finite Olver beams (FOBs) passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with a circular annular aperture or a rectangular one are developed in this paper. The propagation properties of the FOBs through an unapertured ABCD optical system or through this last with a circular (or rectangular) aperture or a circular (or rectangular) black screen are deduced, from the main results, as particular cases. Also, the characteristics of Finite ordinary Airy beam passing through the all considered optical systems are derived here that correspond to zeroth-order of the FOBs. According to the predicted formulas, computer simulation examples are given to deepen the understanding of the characteristics of the FOBs passing through some optical systems of annular aperture basis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11703026)
摘要The images obtained by a large optical detection system(>500 mm) are always blurred by atmospheric turbulence. To address this blurring, an adaptive optical system is urgently needed. Here, a 1.3 m vehicle-based adaptive optical system(VAOS), located on the Nasmyth focus, is investigated. A two-grade tipilt steering mirror is used to eliminate tracking jitter and atmospheric tipping error. Pupil matching and cooperation between the deformable mirror and the wavefront sensor are adopted to achieve high-order aberration measurement and correction via closed-loop correction and to allow the telescope to obtain high-quality imaging. For different seeing conditions and site locations, the VAOS achieves the sensing over the wavelength range from 0.5 μm to 0.7 μm using a Shack-Harmann wavefront sensor and the correction with a 97-unit deformable mirror for an imaging spectrum range from 0.7 μm to 0.9 μm. Moreover, the maximum detection capability of the system is greater than a visual magnitude of 5, and the angular imaging resolution is better than 0.3".
摘要The formalism of generalized diffraction integral for paraxial misaligned optical systems is used to investigate the propagation of the Modified Bessel-Gaussian (MBG) beam through a misaligned thin lens. The properties of the propagation of MBG beam traveling through this misaligned ABCD optical system are discussed. A special case of misaligned circular thin lens is illustrated analytically and numerically. The shape of the MBG beam at the exit of the misaligned optical system is unchanged;however the center of the beam is shifted from the propagation axis in correlated manner with the design parameters of the optical system.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2013GB104000)
摘要The optical system of the electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostics on the HL-2A tokamak has been optimized in both the narrow zoom pattern and the wide zoom pattern. The two main features of the improved optical system are(1) larger coverage of the measurement region in the plasma and(2) a flatter imaging surface. The new optics has good focal characteristics over the whole plasma cross section. The curvature of the field of the image surface(ΔR between the core channel and the edge channel) is within 5.3 cm in the narrow zoom pattern and 6.7 cm in the wide zoom pattern after optimization, whereas the values with the present optics were 23 cm in the narrow zoom pattern and 15 cm in the wide zoom pattern. The optics will be fabricated, tested and installed on the HL-2A tokamak before the next experimental campaign.