Patients with spinal cord injury frequently develop neurogenic heterotopic ossification,whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.Existing research models struggle to accurately simulate the complex pathologi...Patients with spinal cord injury frequently develop neurogenic heterotopic ossification,whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.Existing research models struggle to accurately simulate the complex pathological process.To establish a reliable neurogenic heterotopic ossification research model,elucidate its pathogenesis,and explore early intervention strategies,this study successfully developed a spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic heterotopic ossification mouse model.Significant ectopic bone formation,restricted hip and knee joint mobility,and motor dysfunction were observed,accompanied by elevated expression of the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase,runt-related transcription factor 2,sex-determining region Y-box 9,and osteocalcin.Proteomics and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed upregulation of chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand(CXCL)12,C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),and LYN proto-oncogene,whereas CXCL1 was downregulated in the neurogenic heterotopic ossification group.In vivo experiments confirmed abnormal accumulation of M1 macrophages in muscles surrounding early ectopic bone tissue,with markedly elevated CXCL12 expression.In vitro studies further revealed that M1 macrophages are the primary source of CXCL12 secretion,and their cell culture supernatants promote the proliferation,migration,and osteoblastic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Mechanistically,CXCL12 activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway by binding to the CXCR4 receptor,thereby driving the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.These findings indicate a causal relationship between the pathological process of neurogenic heterotopic ossification following spinal cord injury and the activation of the CXCL12-CXCR4-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling axis,which modulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell function through M1 macrophage polarization.This study reveals a key mechanism driving the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,providing new directions for early warning and targeted treatment of neurogenic heterotopic ossification following spinal cord injury.展开更多
Objective:To establish a mouse model of homocysteine(Hcy)-induced coronary microvascular dysfunction(CMD),and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill(STDP)and elucidate its underlying me...Objective:To establish a mouse model of homocysteine(Hcy)-induced coronary microvascular dysfunction(CMD),and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill(STDP)and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The chemical composition and quality of STDP were characterized using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography,and its absorbed components were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.CMD was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding a 3%methionine diet for four weeks.STDP efficacy was evaluated using laser speckle perfusion imaging,tomato lectin staining,and quantification of plasma nitric oxide(NO),reactive oxygen species(ROS),and endothelial adhesion molecules(intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1[ICAM-1],vascular cell adhesion molecule-1[VCAM-1]).Network pharmacology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to identify potential targets and regulatory pathways.An in vitro Hcy-induced endothelial injury model was used to validate the effects of STDP on cell viability,NO production,and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase(PI3K/Akt/eNOS)pathway.Results:STDP was stable,with 180 constituents identified in the preparation and 30 absorbed components in plasma.STDP treatment restored perfusion,increased plasma NO,decreased ROS,and downregulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.Network analysis identified 152 putative targets,highlighting the PI3K/Akt pathway as the central,with PIK3CA,AKT1,and NOS3 as key nodes.In vitro,STDP enhanced cell viability,NO production,and PI3K/Akt/eNOS phosphorylation,these effects were abolished by pharmacological inhibition of PI3K and eNOS.Conclusion:A 3%methionine diet for four weeks effectively induces CMD in C57BL/6J mice.STDP,rich in bioactive components,alleviates Hcy-induced CMD by activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway,thereby improving endothelial function and microvascular perfusion.These findings support STDP as a promising therapeutic candidate for CMD management.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(China Rehabilitation Science Institute),No.2023CZ-10(to WS)the Research Innovation Team of North Sichuan Medical College,No.CBYTD-2025A05(to YX)。
摘要Patients with spinal cord injury frequently develop neurogenic heterotopic ossification,whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.Existing research models struggle to accurately simulate the complex pathological process.To establish a reliable neurogenic heterotopic ossification research model,elucidate its pathogenesis,and explore early intervention strategies,this study successfully developed a spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic heterotopic ossification mouse model.Significant ectopic bone formation,restricted hip and knee joint mobility,and motor dysfunction were observed,accompanied by elevated expression of the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase,runt-related transcription factor 2,sex-determining region Y-box 9,and osteocalcin.Proteomics and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed upregulation of chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand(CXCL)12,C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),and LYN proto-oncogene,whereas CXCL1 was downregulated in the neurogenic heterotopic ossification group.In vivo experiments confirmed abnormal accumulation of M1 macrophages in muscles surrounding early ectopic bone tissue,with markedly elevated CXCL12 expression.In vitro studies further revealed that M1 macrophages are the primary source of CXCL12 secretion,and their cell culture supernatants promote the proliferation,migration,and osteoblastic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Mechanistically,CXCL12 activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway by binding to the CXCR4 receptor,thereby driving the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.These findings indicate a causal relationship between the pathological process of neurogenic heterotopic ossification following spinal cord injury and the activation of the CXCL12-CXCR4-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling axis,which modulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell function through M1 macrophage polarization.This study reveals a key mechanism driving the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,providing new directions for early warning and targeted treatment of neurogenic heterotopic ossification following spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3500100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230126 and U24A20800)+2 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023ZD0502600)National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(82222075)the Incubation Program for the Science and Technology Development of Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory(Project HQL2024PZ045 and HQCML).
摘要Objective:To establish a mouse model of homocysteine(Hcy)-induced coronary microvascular dysfunction(CMD),and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill(STDP)and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The chemical composition and quality of STDP were characterized using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography,and its absorbed components were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.CMD was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding a 3%methionine diet for four weeks.STDP efficacy was evaluated using laser speckle perfusion imaging,tomato lectin staining,and quantification of plasma nitric oxide(NO),reactive oxygen species(ROS),and endothelial adhesion molecules(intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1[ICAM-1],vascular cell adhesion molecule-1[VCAM-1]).Network pharmacology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to identify potential targets and regulatory pathways.An in vitro Hcy-induced endothelial injury model was used to validate the effects of STDP on cell viability,NO production,and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase(PI3K/Akt/eNOS)pathway.Results:STDP was stable,with 180 constituents identified in the preparation and 30 absorbed components in plasma.STDP treatment restored perfusion,increased plasma NO,decreased ROS,and downregulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.Network analysis identified 152 putative targets,highlighting the PI3K/Akt pathway as the central,with PIK3CA,AKT1,and NOS3 as key nodes.In vitro,STDP enhanced cell viability,NO production,and PI3K/Akt/eNOS phosphorylation,these effects were abolished by pharmacological inhibition of PI3K and eNOS.Conclusion:A 3%methionine diet for four weeks effectively induces CMD in C57BL/6J mice.STDP,rich in bioactive components,alleviates Hcy-induced CMD by activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway,thereby improving endothelial function and microvascular perfusion.These findings support STDP as a promising therapeutic candidate for CMD management.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundations of Anhui Province Education Department(No.2024AH051118,2024AH051082,2023AH040073)Anhui Provincial Quality Engineering Project(No.2022zygzts061,2023cxcysj146,2023sdxx049,2022xqhz040)+1 种基金the Excellent Teachers Cultivation Project in 2024 of Anhui Province Education Department(No.YQYB2024037)Open Fund Projects of the Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui(No.Wsy202202).
摘要三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)以高侵袭转移、预后不良、死亡率高为特征,是恶性最强的乳腺癌,目前仍缺乏有效的治疗靶点。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,AKT)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)通路在TNBC中普遍异常激活,导致TNBC患者化疗药物耐药性增加、临床预后不良。非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)包括微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)和环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)等,参与多种生物学过程,可作为致癌基因或抑癌基因调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路,促进或抑制TNBC的发生和发展。本文综述了TNBC中一些重要的miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA及其调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的靶点和分子机制,希望为TNBC的研究开辟新的途径,最终促进TNBC精确有效治疗的发展。