This paper examines Xinjiang's advantageous and characteristic agriculture from grain production functional zones,important agricultural product protection zones,characteristic agricultural product advantageous zo...This paper examines Xinjiang's advantageous and characteristic agriculture from grain production functional zones,important agricultural product protection zones,characteristic agricultural product advantageous zones,hometowns of specialty products,One Village One Product,regional public brands,famous,special,premium,and novel agricultural products,characteristic agricultural products,agricultural product quality and safety,Taste of Xinjiang,Good Grain and Oil,and industrial clusters.Besides,from geographical indications,design patents(for packaging and containers),and trademarks,this paper studies the autonomous region's brand mark-related agricultural intellectual property.It also analyzes the main problems in the development of its brand agriculture,and puts forward suggestions such as building a diversified food supply system,improving the protection of geographical indication intellectual property rights,promoting the creation of design patents for packaging and containers,strengthening the registration of regional public trademarks and Madrid international trademarks,and carrying out targeted counterpart assistance to Xinjiang for characteristic agriculture.展开更多
This paper introduces the current development status of new quality productive forces in agriculture,animal husbandry,and aquaculture in Xinjiang.It studies the development momentum of the seed industry in the autonom...This paper introduces the current development status of new quality productive forces in agriculture,animal husbandry,and aquaculture in Xinjiang.It studies the development momentum of the seed industry in the autonomous region from aspects,including seed industry array-type enterprises,breeding and seed production bases,crop varieties,and seed production and operation.It also explores the current situation of intellectual property rights related to scientific and technological innovation in Xinjiang,covering new varieties of agricultural plants,forest and grass plants,livestock and poultry,bees,silkworms,and aquatic animals and plants,as well as invention patents,utility model patents,and design patents for the product itself.Based on an analysis of the main problems facing its new quality productive forces and sci-tech innovation,recommendations are put forward,including managing the agricultural ecological environment according to local conditions,developing facility agriculture and smart agriculture,strengthening the purification and rejuvenation of traditional varieties and the introduction and acclimatization of new varieties,cultivating varieties with independent intellectual property rights,protecting invention patents and utility model patents,creating design patents for the product itself,and empowering the development of agricultural new quality productive forces.展开更多
Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Intellectual property protection for the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicinal ...Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Intellectual property protection for the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicinal materials promotes the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine,and contributes to rural revitalization and the building of an agricultural power.This article provides an overview of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Hubei Province.It conducts a detailed investigation into the intellectual property resources of the province s traditional Chinese medicinal materials from aspects such as traditional knowledge,genetic resources,new plant varieties,patents,geographical indications,and trademarks.It analyzes the eight main problems in the protection,inheritance,and innovative development of intellectual property rights,and puts forward corresponding suggestions,such as establishing an intellectual property rights rule system for specific fields of traditional Chinese medicinal materials,promoting the"Famous Brand Action in Rural Areas",and building a"Hubei s Sixteen Superior Herbs"cluster of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.展开更多
The low bearing capacity of calcareous sand challenges island reef engineering.While microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP)is an emerging reinforcement method,it suffers from brittleness and low mineralizatio...The low bearing capacity of calcareous sand challenges island reef engineering.While microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP)is an emerging reinforcement method,it suffers from brittleness and low mineralization efficiency.This study proposes a novel composite strategy combining MICP with discarded mask fibers(DMF)and waste glass powder(GP)to address these limitations.Both DMF and GP individually boost microbial mineralization by offering nucleation sites,enhancing bacterial retention,and improving Ca2+utilization.The composite system significantly outperformed pure MICP.Optimal strength was achieved at a ratio of 6 mm 0.2%DMF and 13μm 4%GP(by weight of sand),yielding a maximum unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of 1327 kPa.This is a 136%increase in UCS and a 143%increase in the toughness index over the MICP-only group.Furthermore,the synergy improved deformation performance,with the deformation index surging by 396%under 12 mm 0.2%DMF and 13μm 4%GP.GP particles fill voids to densify the cementation matrix,while the DMF network provides bridging action,enhancing ductility.Microstructural analysis confirms a robust framework of dense GP-CaCO3clusters interconnected by the DMF network.This research presents a novel,sustainable solution utilizing upcycled waste for island reef construction.展开更多
The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are...The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are characterized by low porosity,low permeability and strong heterogeneity,which constrain the precise evaluation of reservoir properties,the accurate prediction of sweet spots,and efficient development.This study integrates core observation,mineralogical analysis,and multi-scale pore characterization to systematically clarify the variations in reservoir properties and their controlling mechanisms.The results show that the physical properties of matrix-type,lamina-type,and interlayer-type reservoirs exhibit distinct stepwise variations:Among these,interlayer-type reservoirs show the greatest development potential(quartz content 65%,average porosity 15%,permeability>10 mD,and mobile fluid saturation 60%),whereas matrix-type reservoirs are the least favorable(dominated by 40 nm nanoscale pores,and clay content 45%).Mineral composition,sedimentary-diagenetic processes,and fault systems collectively control reservoir property heterogeneity.Quartz-rich rigid frameworks resist compaction,resulting in a porosity increase by approximately 2% for every 10%rise in q uartz content.The transformation of clay minerals induces stratified porosity zoning within the layered reservoirs,while fault systems enhance heterogeneity through the development of fracture networks and acid-induced dissolution.This study provides theoretical support for the evaluation and development of shale oil sweet spots in the Weixinan Depression and holds practical significance for the commercial development of shale oil in China's offshore areas.展开更多
The shear property and fracture behavior of ZnSnCuNiAl/Cu solder joints were experimentally investigated under varying aging conditions and strain rates.The results demonstrate that higher aging temperatures can accel...The shear property and fracture behavior of ZnSnCuNiAl/Cu solder joints were experimentally investigated under varying aging conditions and strain rates.The results demonstrate that higher aging temperatures can accelerate the diffusion of Cu atoms within the solder,leading to faster growth of intermetallic compounds(IMCs).Furthermore,extended aging durations result in a larger volume of IMCs.Shear tests reveal that the shear strength of the solder joint decreases as the thickness of the IMCs increases,highlighting the detrimental effect of excessive IMC formation on joint integrity.To evaluate the strain rate sensitivity of the solder joints,shear tests were conducted at different strain rates.The results indicate that the shear strength increases with higher strain rates,rising from 21.32 MPa with lower strain rates to 25.98 MPa with higher strain rates.The strain rate sensitivity index was calculated to be 0.052,confirming a positive correlation between strain rate and shear strength.At low strain rates,the solder exhibits internal ductile fracture,suggesting sufficient time for plastic deformation prior to failure.However,as the strain rate increases,the fracture location progressively shifts toward the interface between the solder and the IMCs,resulting in a mixed fracture mode characterized by both ductile feature and brittle feature.展开更多
Objective This study proposes a clustering framework for Chinese materia medica(CMM)based on a large language model(LLM),aiming to explore potential compatibility patterns among CMMs from the semantic perspective of C...Objective This study proposes a clustering framework for Chinese materia medica(CMM)based on a large language model(LLM),aiming to explore potential compatibility patterns among CMMs from the semantic perspective of CMM property theory.Methods First,a CMM property knowledge base was constructed based on Chinese Materia Medica,including 567 commonly used CMMs characterized by four properties,five flavors,and meridian tropism.Then,49 CMMs derived from 10 prescriptions for Zangdu(脏毒,pathogenic toxins)recorded in Waike Zhengzong(《外科正宗》,Orthodox Manual of External Medicine)and Yangke Xinde Ji(《疡科心得集》,Collected Insights on Ulcer Medicine)were selected as the experimental dataset.Five semantic representation methods—One-Hot,Word2Vec,Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT),Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence General Embedding(BGE),and Qwen—were applied to encode CMM property information into vector representations.Subsequently,t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE)was used for nonlinear dimensionality reduction on high-dimensional semantic vectors,followed by k-means clustering(k=7).Clustering performance was evaluated using the Silhouette Score(SS),Davies-Bouldin Index(DBI),and Calinski-Harabasz Index(CHI).Results The Qwen-based clustering method,CMM-EmbedCluster,achieved the highest SS(0.6074)and CHI(158.0572),as well as the lowest DBI(0.4995),indicating improved cluster separation and compactness compared with other methods.Visualization of CMM clustering results showed that the clusters were well separated in the low-dimensional space,with strong inter-cluster discrimination and high intra-cluster functional consistency.Further interpretability analysis of CMM clustering results revealed stable structural differences among clusters in terms of four properties,five flavors,and meridian tropism,forming functional partitions consistent with CMM property theory.Conclusion CMM-EmbedCluster utilizes an LLM to achieve semantic-level representation and clustering of CMMs within the framework of CMM property theory,providing support for exploring potential compatibility patterns among CMMs from the perspective of CMM property semantics.展开更多
Purpose-The U-shaped rib-to-deck welded joint in orthotropic steel decks(OSDs)is prone to multiple fatigue cracks,which threaten structural integrity.Current design codes worldwide stipulate a minimum weld penetration...Purpose-The U-shaped rib-to-deck welded joint in orthotropic steel decks(OSDs)is prone to multiple fatigue cracks,which threaten structural integrity.Current design codes worldwide stipulate a minimum weld penetration rate of 75%or 80%,but practical challenges exist in meeting these requirements due to welding process limitations and machining errors.This study aims to investigate the influence of weld penetration rate on the fatigue performance of such joints,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing design and construction schemes.Design/methodology/approach-Firstly,finite element models of U-shaped rib-to-deck welded joints with penetration rates of 65%,75%,85%and double-sided welds were established to analyze mechanical characteristics under typical loading conditions.Fatigue tests were then conducted on specimens with different penetration rates,and phased array ultrasonic testing technology was employed to assess penetration depth.Finally,fatigue S-N curves were regressed for partial penetration and double-side welded joints to quantify fatigue performance.Findings-Stress concentration at the weld root decreases with the increase of penetration rate in partial penetration welds,while double-sided welds eliminate the weld root and further reduce stress concentration.Penetration depth exhibits significant dispersion even within the same weld.Partial penetration welds mainly initiate cracks from the weld root and propagate along the weld throat,whereas double-sided welds initiate cracks from the inner weld toe and propagate along the rib web.The fatigue strength of double-sided welds(143.9 MPa)is significantly superior to that of partial penetration welds(96.9 MPa)at 23106 cycles.Originality/value-This study fills the gap of limited experimental data on the fatigue performance difference between partial penetration and double-side rib-to-deck welded joints.The findings clarify the influence mechanism of penetration rate on fatigue behavior,providing valuable theoretical support and technical reference for the design optimization,construction quality control and maintenance decision-making of OSD welded joints.展开更多
This article outlines the medicinal resources of Xinjiang,examines 44 types of genuine medicinal materials and 51 types of characteristic medicinal materials,and investigates the intellectual property(IP)resources ass...This article outlines the medicinal resources of Xinjiang,examines 44 types of genuine medicinal materials and 51 types of characteristic medicinal materials,and investigates the intellectual property(IP)resources associated with them.It analyzes major challenges in the protection of these materials and their IP rights,and proposes a series of measures,including:collecting and evaluating medicinal resources;safeguarding the genetic resources of medicinal organisms;building a community for traditional Chinese medicine;establishing regional public brands for genuine medicinal materials;implementing a modern seed industry improvement program for medicinal organisms;fostering the development of new-quality productive forces;providing targeted assistance to Xinjiang s genuine medicinal material industry and traditional medicine sector;and enhancing the quality and effectiveness of paired medical and health aid to Xinjiang in the new era.展开更多
The physicochemical properties of organic carbon(OC)produced by three typical coals were systematically characterized,including light absorption property,oxidative potential(OP)and chemical composition.OC originating ...The physicochemical properties of organic carbon(OC)produced by three typical coals were systematically characterized,including light absorption property,oxidative potential(OP)and chemical composition.OC originating from the smoldering phase exhibited stronger wavelength dependence,while OC emitted from the flaming phase owned higher light absorption capacity.The DTTm(8.49–16.44 pmol/(min⋅μg))of OC from the flaming phase was approximately 2–3 times of the DTTm(3.90–6.79 pmol/(min⋅μg))of OC from the smoldering phase.The OP of OC significantly correlated with its ability to catalyze the formation of・O2-.The disparity in OC light absorption property can be primarily attributed to the different relative content of aromatic groups(aromatic C=O,phenol C–O and aromatic C–H),and the functional groups(C=O,ether C–O and nitro C–NO2)with strong electron transfer capacity were the main contributors to the OP of OC.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives were crucial molecular components for the light absorption property and OP of OC.展开更多
Terpenoids are widely distributed and contain suitable polycyclic structures to easily synthesize highperformance fuels.However,synthesizing and testing the performance of each fuel compound result in a huge workload,...Terpenoids are widely distributed and contain suitable polycyclic structures to easily synthesize highperformance fuels.However,synthesizing and testing the performance of each fuel compound result in a huge workload,thus necessitating a rational design of molecules.In this work,we designed abundant fuel molecules based on alkylation and cyclization derivatives of terpenoid(isoprene,myrcene,farnesene) and calculated their properties through group contribution,quantum calculation and molecular dynamics calculation.Random forest model was used to identify the key variables including the number of C and H atoms,H/C ratio and the standard molar enthalpy of formation.The results show that the boiling and flash points,critical pressure and specific impulse have quadratic function relationships respectively with the C atoms number,the H atoms number and the standard molar enthalpy of formation,while the fuel density is linearly correlated with H/C ratio.Residual analysis is applied to cyclization effect analysis,revealing that three-and four-membered rings significantly increase flash point,density and specific impulse.Potential biofuel compounds are selected based on the RP-3 standard and Z-score standardization,in which myrcene-derived fuels show the best performance,followed by farnesene-derived and isoprene-derived fuels.A tricyclic cyclopropane myrcene-derived fuel compound has been selected as potential biofuel,which possess a high density(1.034 g·cm-3),low freezing point(219.05 K) and high heat value(43.8 kJ·g-1).These findings are beneficial for future biofuel design and synthesis.展开更多
As one of the adhesion-related surface factors on the cell wall of Lactobacillus strains,Leu-Pro-x-Thr-Gly(LPxTG) motif anchored proteins play a critical role in adhesion and molecular cross-talk with the host in the ...As one of the adhesion-related surface factors on the cell wall of Lactobacillus strains,Leu-Pro-x-Thr-Gly(LPxTG) motif anchored proteins play a critical role in adhesion and molecular cross-talk with the host in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT).This study allows to understand that the combination of LPxTG-motif surface proteins(LMP) and fructooligosaccharides(FOS) can have a better promoting effect on lactic acid bacteria.In this study,molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the interaction properties of LMP from Limosilactobacillus reuteri SH23 with small nutrient molecules in the host GIT.The thermodynamic parameters ΔG0,ΔH0,and ΔS0 were calculated as-4.850 kJ/mol,-219.071 kJ/mol,and-718.501 J/(mol·K),respectively,for a binding constant of 1.414 × 104 μmol/L at 298.15 K.Fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy were also utilised to study the interaction of LMP with the small nutrient molecules.It was found that LMP interacts with the small nutrient molecule FOS primarily through van der Waals and electrostatic forces.The transition from β-folding and random coiling to α-helix and β-sheet also indicates structural changes in the protein during the binding process.Furthermore,the binding of LMP to FOS not only improved the adhesion of the strain to intestinal epithelial cells and increased the auto-aggregation of the strain,but also promoted the growth of L.reuteri SH23.These findings provide a better understanding of Lactobacillus and host interactions at the cell surface protein level.展开更多
In order to further improve the degradation resistance and osteogenic property of the micro arc oxidation(MAO)coating of Mg alloys,the Mg alloy samples were oxidized in phosphate electrolyte,silicate electrolyte,first...In order to further improve the degradation resistance and osteogenic property of the micro arc oxidation(MAO)coating of Mg alloys,the Mg alloy samples were oxidized in phosphate electrolyte,silicate electrolyte,first phosphate electrolyte+second silicate electrolyte,and first silicate electrolyte+second phosphate electrolyte.And the corrosion resistance,cytotoxicity,and osteogenic property of the samples were studied.The results showed that the Na2SiO3-MAO coated sample had more micropores than the CaP-MAO coated sample.The composite micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coatings obviously improved the degradation resistance of the alloy.Moreover,the samples fabricated first in silicate electrolyte and then in phosphate electrolyte showed the best corrosion resistance with the corrosion current density of only 0.1μA/cm2,which was two orders of magnitude lower than the single silicate Na2SiO3-MAO coated(10.9μA/cm2).Besides,the cytocompatibility of the MAO coated samples was good,presenting no cell toxicity.The extract from the Na2SiO3+CaP coated sample promoted cell proliferation,reaching almost 100%after 5 d.Na2SiO3+CaP coated sample showed the best osteogenic property with bone volumeotal volume(BV/TV)about 55%after 8 weeks implantation in calvarial region(parietal bone)of the skull.The results indicated that the Na2SiO3+CaP coated magnesium alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance and osteogenic property.展开更多
This study investigates the effect of Ce content on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti0.98Zr0.02Mn1.5Cr0.05V0.43Fe0.09Cex(x=0,0.02,0.04,and 0.06,at%)alloys.Microstructural analysis of these all...This study investigates the effect of Ce content on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti0.98Zr0.02Mn1.5Cr0.05V0.43Fe0.09Cex(x=0,0.02,0.04,and 0.06,at%)alloys.Microstructural analysis of these alloys revealed dendritic microstructures without the segregation of chemical elements,with the C14 Laves phase identified as the dominant phase.After two activation cycles at 4 MPa and 293 K,the alloys exhibited excellent hydrogen absorption properties.The addition of Ce significantly improved the kinetics of the alloys.At x=0.02,the hydrogen absorption capacity reached 90%of its maximum within 137 s at 293 K.Pressure-composition-temperature curves indicated that hydrogen absorption capacity initially increased first and then decreased with increasing Ce content,reaching a maximum value of 1.85wt%at x=0.04.Thermodynamic results demonstrated that the enthalpy and entropy of hydrogen absorption followed a similar trend,which was consistent with the variation in hydrogen storage capacity.Thus,the improvement in hydrogen absorption capacity due to the addition of Ce is attributed to the increase in enthalpy.The increase of the lattice constant in the C14 Laves phase and the deoxidization effect of Ce are expected to be beneficial for the improvement of hydrogen absorption kinetics.展开更多
Gradient microstructures strengthened by serrated Grain Boundaries(GBs)were achieved through a combination of Gradient Strain Deformation(GSD)and Serration Heat Treatment(SHT),with particular focus on microstructural ...Gradient microstructures strengthened by serrated Grain Boundaries(GBs)were achieved through a combination of Gradient Strain Deformation(GSD)and Serration Heat Treatment(SHT),with particular focus on microstructural evolution,underlying mechanisms,and the critical influencing factors.Dynamic recrystallization governed the microstructural evolution in the fine-grained and transition regions during GSD,where multiple nucleation mechanisms were active.Plastic deformation facilitated the dissolution ofγ'phase in fine-grained regions,ultimately resulting in its morphological transformation.During the subsequent SHT,serrated GBs formed within the gradient microstructures produced by prior GSD without disrupting the grain size gradient,thereby enhancing creep resistance.Two distinct mechanisms associated withγ'gbparticles governed the formation of the serrations at GBs.Owing to the stronger dragging effect of grain boundary junctions in fine-grained regions,the amplitude and wavelength of serrations in these regions were smaller than those in coarse-grained regions.Moreover,the formation of serrations exhibited a strong dependence on the inherent properties of the GBs.The random high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs)with misorientation angles in the range of 30-59°tended to become serrated more easily during SHT due to their high mobility and the accelerated precipitation ofγ'gbparticles at them.Low-ΣHAGBs and low-angle GBs were not prone to form serrations.In particular,serration formation was completely inhibited atΣ3 twin boundaries due to their extremely low mobility and the absence ofγ'gbparticles.展开更多
This paper reviews the research progress and application prospects of machine learning technologies in the field of polymer materials.Currently,machine learning methods are developing rapidly in polymer material resea...This paper reviews the research progress and application prospects of machine learning technologies in the field of polymer materials.Currently,machine learning methods are developing rapidly in polymer material research;although they have significantly accelerated material prediction and design,their complexity has also caused difficulties in understanding and application for researchers in traditional fields.In response to the above issues,this paper first analyzes the inherent challenges in the research and development of polymer materials,including structural complexity and the limitations of traditional trial-and-error methods.To address these problems,it focuses on introducing key basic technologies such as molecular descriptors and feature representation,data standardization and cleaning,and records a number of high-quality polymer databases.Subsequently,it elaborates on the key role of machine learning in polymer property prediction and material design,covering the specific applications of algorithms such as traditional machine learning,deep learning,and transfer learning;further,it deeply expounds on data-driven design strategies,such as reverse design,high-throughput virtual screening,and multi-objective optimization.The paper also systematically introduces the complete process of constructing high-reliability machine learning models and summarizes effective experimental verification,model evaluation,and optimization methods.Finally,it summarizes the current technical challenges in research,such as data quality and model generalization ability,and looks forward to future development trends including multi-scale modeling,physics—informed machine learning,standardized data sharing,and interpretable machine learning.展开更多
Traditional quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR)methods rely on molecular descriptors to quantify molecular structures and establish correlations with physical properties.In this study,we propose an appr...Traditional quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR)methods rely on molecular descriptors to quantify molecular structures and establish correlations with physical properties.In this study,we propose an approach that incorporates complete molecular structures to refine traditional QSPR methods and improve predictive accuracy.The supercritical properties used for modeling are collected from the literature.Molecular structures are optimized using density functional theory,from which molecular descriptors are derived.Both the structures and descriptors serve as inputs to the models developed in this work.Three models are constructed:a traditional artificial neural network model,a ResNet model,and a convolutional neural network(CNN)-enhanced model.Comparison with the JOBACK method shows that the CNN-enhanced model achieves higher predictive accuracy,whereas the ResNet model,which relies solely on molecular structures,suffers from pronounced overfitting.展开更多
Understanding the relationship between catalytic properties and gas sensing performance in metal oxide semiconductors is essential for elucidating reaction mechanisms and designing highly-sensitive,active materials.In...Understanding the relationship between catalytic properties and gas sensing performance in metal oxide semiconductors is essential for elucidating reaction mechanisms and designing highly-sensitive,active materials.In this study,cubic CoO with octahedral[CoO6]coordination,wurtzite CoO with tetrahedral[CoO4]coordination and spinel Co3O4with mixed[CoO6]and[CoO4]coordination were synthesized.Though cubic CoO showed higher catalytic activity at 20–100℃ and wurtzite CoO had higher activity at 60–100℃,the ozone sensing response of Co3O4was higher at the optimized working temperature of 60℃.In situ infrared reflectance spectroscopy revealed the presence of abundant intermediates in the catalytic process of Co3O4,benefiting the electron transfer and the resultant resistance change of the sensor.Furthermore,Co3O4calcined at 600℃ with 3 at.%Sn doping showed the highest sensitivity(response=55 to 1 ppm ozone)at 60℃ and excellent selectivity toward interfering gases,including formaldehyde,ethanol,acetone,and xylene.These findings infer that catalytic intermediates rather than decomposition efficiency play a more important role in gas sensing.展开更多
Under the background of“dual circulation,”new requirements have been put forward for the cultivation of intellectual property(IP)and foreign-related IP talent.However,the cultivation of foreign-related IP talent in ...Under the background of“dual circulation,”new requirements have been put forward for the cultivation of intellectual property(IP)and foreign-related IP talent.However,the cultivation of foreign-related IP talent in China is confronted with a structural problem between supply and demand:on the demand side,enterprises are facing an increasing number of overseas disputes,while the quantity and quality of talent are insufficient;on the supply side,there are problems such as ambiguous disciplinary positioning,low degree of internationalization,weak practical links,and simple evaluation and incentive mechanisms.To address these issues,it is necessary to construct a cultivation framework featuring compound,international,and practical capabilities.This can be achieved through a hierarchical and classified curriculum system,a closed-loop cultivation of“competence-knowledge-resources,”and a“teaching-practice-output”path to enhance talent's capabilities.Meanwhile,mechanism innovation should be promoted,including the reform of disciplinary system,the construction of collaborative education mechanism,and the improvement of evaluation and reward system,so as to provide intellectual property talent support for the construction of an IP power and high-level opening-up.展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of National Social Science Fund of China(22CMZ015).
摘要This paper examines Xinjiang's advantageous and characteristic agriculture from grain production functional zones,important agricultural product protection zones,characteristic agricultural product advantageous zones,hometowns of specialty products,One Village One Product,regional public brands,famous,special,premium,and novel agricultural products,characteristic agricultural products,agricultural product quality and safety,Taste of Xinjiang,Good Grain and Oil,and industrial clusters.Besides,from geographical indications,design patents(for packaging and containers),and trademarks,this paper studies the autonomous region's brand mark-related agricultural intellectual property.It also analyzes the main problems in the development of its brand agriculture,and puts forward suggestions such as building a diversified food supply system,improving the protection of geographical indication intellectual property rights,promoting the creation of design patents for packaging and containers,strengthening the registration of regional public trademarks and Madrid international trademarks,and carrying out targeted counterpart assistance to Xinjiang for characteristic agriculture.
基金Supported by the Project of National Social Science Fund of China(22CMZ015).
摘要This paper introduces the current development status of new quality productive forces in agriculture,animal husbandry,and aquaculture in Xinjiang.It studies the development momentum of the seed industry in the autonomous region from aspects,including seed industry array-type enterprises,breeding and seed production bases,crop varieties,and seed production and operation.It also explores the current situation of intellectual property rights related to scientific and technological innovation in Xinjiang,covering new varieties of agricultural plants,forest and grass plants,livestock and poultry,bees,silkworms,and aquatic animals and plants,as well as invention patents,utility model patents,and design patents for the product itself.Based on an analysis of the main problems facing its new quality productive forces and sci-tech innovation,recommendations are put forward,including managing the agricultural ecological environment according to local conditions,developing facility agriculture and smart agriculture,strengthening the purification and rejuvenation of traditional varieties and the introduction and acclimatization of new varieties,cultivating varieties with independent intellectual property rights,protecting invention patents and utility model patents,creating design patents for the product itself,and empowering the development of agricultural new quality productive forces.
基金Supported by the Project of National Social Science Fund of China(22CMZ015).
摘要Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Intellectual property protection for the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicinal materials promotes the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine,and contributes to rural revitalization and the building of an agricultural power.This article provides an overview of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Hubei Province.It conducts a detailed investigation into the intellectual property resources of the province s traditional Chinese medicinal materials from aspects such as traditional knowledge,genetic resources,new plant varieties,patents,geographical indications,and trademarks.It analyzes the eight main problems in the protection,inheritance,and innovative development of intellectual property rights,and puts forward corresponding suggestions,such as establishing an intellectual property rights rule system for specific fields of traditional Chinese medicinal materials,promoting the"Famous Brand Action in Rural Areas",and building a"Hubei s Sixteen Superior Herbs"cluster of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
基金the financial support for this study from the Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52108324,52008207,52178336,and 52478346)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_1585).
摘要The low bearing capacity of calcareous sand challenges island reef engineering.While microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP)is an emerging reinforcement method,it suffers from brittleness and low mineralization efficiency.This study proposes a novel composite strategy combining MICP with discarded mask fibers(DMF)and waste glass powder(GP)to address these limitations.Both DMF and GP individually boost microbial mineralization by offering nucleation sites,enhancing bacterial retention,and improving Ca2+utilization.The composite system significantly outperformed pure MICP.Optimal strength was achieved at a ratio of 6 mm 0.2%DMF and 13μm 4%GP(by weight of sand),yielding a maximum unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of 1327 kPa.This is a 136%increase in UCS and a 143%increase in the toughness index over the MICP-only group.Furthermore,the synergy improved deformation performance,with the deformation index surging by 396%under 12 mm 0.2%DMF and 13μm 4%GP.GP particles fill voids to densify the cementation matrix,while the DMF network provides bridging action,enhancing ductility.Microstructural analysis confirms a robust framework of dense GP-CaCO3clusters interconnected by the DMF network.This research presents a novel,sustainable solution utilizing upcycled waste for island reef construction.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42474156)the Technical Service Project of China Oilfield Services Limited(YJB23YF001)。
摘要The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are characterized by low porosity,low permeability and strong heterogeneity,which constrain the precise evaluation of reservoir properties,the accurate prediction of sweet spots,and efficient development.This study integrates core observation,mineralogical analysis,and multi-scale pore characterization to systematically clarify the variations in reservoir properties and their controlling mechanisms.The results show that the physical properties of matrix-type,lamina-type,and interlayer-type reservoirs exhibit distinct stepwise variations:Among these,interlayer-type reservoirs show the greatest development potential(quartz content 65%,average porosity 15%,permeability>10 mD,and mobile fluid saturation 60%),whereas matrix-type reservoirs are the least favorable(dominated by 40 nm nanoscale pores,and clay content 45%).Mineral composition,sedimentary-diagenetic processes,and fault systems collectively control reservoir property heterogeneity.Quartz-rich rigid frameworks resist compaction,resulting in a porosity increase by approximately 2% for every 10%rise in q uartz content.The transformation of clay minerals induces stratified porosity zoning within the layered reservoirs,while fault systems enhance heterogeneity through the development of fracture networks and acid-induced dissolution.This study provides theoretical support for the evaluation and development of shale oil sweet spots in the Weixinan Depression and holds practical significance for the commercial development of shale oil in China's offshore areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52465039,5216504752361009)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20242BAB26063)。
摘要The shear property and fracture behavior of ZnSnCuNiAl/Cu solder joints were experimentally investigated under varying aging conditions and strain rates.The results demonstrate that higher aging temperatures can accelerate the diffusion of Cu atoms within the solder,leading to faster growth of intermetallic compounds(IMCs).Furthermore,extended aging durations result in a larger volume of IMCs.Shear tests reveal that the shear strength of the solder joint decreases as the thickness of the IMCs increases,highlighting the detrimental effect of excessive IMC formation on joint integrity.To evaluate the strain rate sensitivity of the solder joints,shear tests were conducted at different strain rates.The results indicate that the shear strength increases with higher strain rates,rising from 21.32 MPa with lower strain rates to 25.98 MPa with higher strain rates.The strain rate sensitivity index was calculated to be 0.052,confirming a positive correlation between strain rate and shear strength.At low strain rates,the solder exhibits internal ductile fracture,suggesting sufficient time for plastic deformation prior to failure.However,as the strain rate increases,the fracture location progressively shifts toward the interface between the solder and the IMCs,resulting in a mixed fracture mode characterized by both ductile feature and brittle feature.
基金Frontier Technologies Research and Development Program of Jiangsu(BF2025076)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021B002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82575255).
摘要Objective This study proposes a clustering framework for Chinese materia medica(CMM)based on a large language model(LLM),aiming to explore potential compatibility patterns among CMMs from the semantic perspective of CMM property theory.Methods First,a CMM property knowledge base was constructed based on Chinese Materia Medica,including 567 commonly used CMMs characterized by four properties,five flavors,and meridian tropism.Then,49 CMMs derived from 10 prescriptions for Zangdu(脏毒,pathogenic toxins)recorded in Waike Zhengzong(《外科正宗》,Orthodox Manual of External Medicine)and Yangke Xinde Ji(《疡科心得集》,Collected Insights on Ulcer Medicine)were selected as the experimental dataset.Five semantic representation methods—One-Hot,Word2Vec,Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT),Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence General Embedding(BGE),and Qwen—were applied to encode CMM property information into vector representations.Subsequently,t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE)was used for nonlinear dimensionality reduction on high-dimensional semantic vectors,followed by k-means clustering(k=7).Clustering performance was evaluated using the Silhouette Score(SS),Davies-Bouldin Index(DBI),and Calinski-Harabasz Index(CHI).Results The Qwen-based clustering method,CMM-EmbedCluster,achieved the highest SS(0.6074)and CHI(158.0572),as well as the lowest DBI(0.4995),indicating improved cluster separation and compactness compared with other methods.Visualization of CMM clustering results showed that the clusters were well separated in the low-dimensional space,with strong inter-cluster discrimination and high intra-cluster functional consistency.Further interpretability analysis of CMM clustering results revealed stable structural differences among clusters in terms of four properties,five flavors,and meridian tropism,forming functional partitions consistent with CMM property theory.Conclusion CMM-EmbedCluster utilizes an LLM to achieve semantic-level representation and clustering of CMMs within the framework of CMM property theory,providing support for exploring potential compatibility patterns among CMMs from the perspective of CMM property semantics.
基金supported by China Academy of Railway Sciences(award no.2024YJ204).
摘要Purpose-The U-shaped rib-to-deck welded joint in orthotropic steel decks(OSDs)is prone to multiple fatigue cracks,which threaten structural integrity.Current design codes worldwide stipulate a minimum weld penetration rate of 75%or 80%,but practical challenges exist in meeting these requirements due to welding process limitations and machining errors.This study aims to investigate the influence of weld penetration rate on the fatigue performance of such joints,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing design and construction schemes.Design/methodology/approach-Firstly,finite element models of U-shaped rib-to-deck welded joints with penetration rates of 65%,75%,85%and double-sided welds were established to analyze mechanical characteristics under typical loading conditions.Fatigue tests were then conducted on specimens with different penetration rates,and phased array ultrasonic testing technology was employed to assess penetration depth.Finally,fatigue S-N curves were regressed for partial penetration and double-side welded joints to quantify fatigue performance.Findings-Stress concentration at the weld root decreases with the increase of penetration rate in partial penetration welds,while double-sided welds eliminate the weld root and further reduce stress concentration.Penetration depth exhibits significant dispersion even within the same weld.Partial penetration welds mainly initiate cracks from the weld root and propagate along the weld throat,whereas double-sided welds initiate cracks from the inner weld toe and propagate along the rib web.The fatigue strength of double-sided welds(143.9 MPa)is significantly superior to that of partial penetration welds(96.9 MPa)at 23106 cycles.Originality/value-This study fills the gap of limited experimental data on the fatigue performance difference between partial penetration and double-side rib-to-deck welded joints.The findings clarify the influence mechanism of penetration rate on fatigue behavior,providing valuable theoretical support and technical reference for the design optimization,construction quality control and maintenance decision-making of OSD welded joints.
基金Supported by the Project of National Social Science Fund of China(22CMZ015).
摘要This article outlines the medicinal resources of Xinjiang,examines 44 types of genuine medicinal materials and 51 types of characteristic medicinal materials,and investigates the intellectual property(IP)resources associated with them.It analyzes major challenges in the protection of these materials and their IP rights,and proposes a series of measures,including:collecting and evaluating medicinal resources;safeguarding the genetic resources of medicinal organisms;building a community for traditional Chinese medicine;establishing regional public brands for genuine medicinal materials;implementing a modern seed industry improvement program for medicinal organisms;fostering the development of new-quality productive forces;providing targeted assistance to Xinjiang s genuine medicinal material industry and traditional medicine sector;and enhancing the quality and effectiveness of paired medical and health aid to Xinjiang in the new era.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077198 and 22206023)Liaoning Science and Technology Joint Project(No.2023-MSBA-109)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N2325019 and N2325034).
摘要The physicochemical properties of organic carbon(OC)produced by three typical coals were systematically characterized,including light absorption property,oxidative potential(OP)and chemical composition.OC originating from the smoldering phase exhibited stronger wavelength dependence,while OC emitted from the flaming phase owned higher light absorption capacity.The DTTm(8.49–16.44 pmol/(min⋅μg))of OC from the flaming phase was approximately 2–3 times of the DTTm(3.90–6.79 pmol/(min⋅μg))of OC from the smoldering phase.The OP of OC significantly correlated with its ability to catalyze the formation of・O2-.The disparity in OC light absorption property can be primarily attributed to the different relative content of aromatic groups(aromatic C=O,phenol C–O and aromatic C–H),and the functional groups(C=O,ether C–O and nitro C–NO2)with strong electron transfer capacity were the main contributors to the OP of OC.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives were crucial molecular components for the light absorption property and OP of OC.
基金the supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB4103000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A20547, 22405190, 22222808)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZC20241204)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation-Tianjin Joint Support Program (2023T022TJ)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2023Z073048003)。
摘要Terpenoids are widely distributed and contain suitable polycyclic structures to easily synthesize highperformance fuels.However,synthesizing and testing the performance of each fuel compound result in a huge workload,thus necessitating a rational design of molecules.In this work,we designed abundant fuel molecules based on alkylation and cyclization derivatives of terpenoid(isoprene,myrcene,farnesene) and calculated their properties through group contribution,quantum calculation and molecular dynamics calculation.Random forest model was used to identify the key variables including the number of C and H atoms,H/C ratio and the standard molar enthalpy of formation.The results show that the boiling and flash points,critical pressure and specific impulse have quadratic function relationships respectively with the C atoms number,the H atoms number and the standard molar enthalpy of formation,while the fuel density is linearly correlated with H/C ratio.Residual analysis is applied to cyclization effect analysis,revealing that three-and four-membered rings significantly increase flash point,density and specific impulse.Potential biofuel compounds are selected based on the RP-3 standard and Z-score standardization,in which myrcene-derived fuels show the best performance,followed by farnesene-derived and isoprene-derived fuels.A tricyclic cyclopropane myrcene-derived fuel compound has been selected as potential biofuel,which possess a high density(1.034 g·cm-3),low freezing point(219.05 K) and high heat value(43.8 kJ·g-1).These findings are beneficial for future biofuel design and synthesis.
基金supported by the Outstanding Youth Fund of Zhejiang Province(LR22C200001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472356,32072192,32402125)+4 种基金the Key Project of Ningbo Science and Technology(2023Z127)the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2020C02042)the Open Project Program of the First-Class Bioengineering Disciplines in Zhejiang Province(KF2023004)the Student Research and Innovation Program of Ningbo University(2023SRIP3603,2023SRIP3616)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
摘要As one of the adhesion-related surface factors on the cell wall of Lactobacillus strains,Leu-Pro-x-Thr-Gly(LPxTG) motif anchored proteins play a critical role in adhesion and molecular cross-talk with the host in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT).This study allows to understand that the combination of LPxTG-motif surface proteins(LMP) and fructooligosaccharides(FOS) can have a better promoting effect on lactic acid bacteria.In this study,molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the interaction properties of LMP from Limosilactobacillus reuteri SH23 with small nutrient molecules in the host GIT.The thermodynamic parameters ΔG0,ΔH0,and ΔS0 were calculated as-4.850 kJ/mol,-219.071 kJ/mol,and-718.501 J/(mol·K),respectively,for a binding constant of 1.414 × 104 μmol/L at 298.15 K.Fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy were also utilised to study the interaction of LMP with the small nutrient molecules.It was found that LMP interacts with the small nutrient molecule FOS primarily through van der Waals and electrostatic forces.The transition from β-folding and random coiling to α-helix and β-sheet also indicates structural changes in the protein during the binding process.Furthermore,the binding of LMP to FOS not only improved the adhesion of the strain to intestinal epithelial cells and increased the auto-aggregation of the strain,but also promoted the growth of L.reuteri SH23.These findings provide a better understanding of Lactobacillus and host interactions at the cell surface protein level.
基金Project supported by the Top-notch Academic Programs Project(TAPP)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,ChinaProject supported by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China。
摘要In order to further improve the degradation resistance and osteogenic property of the micro arc oxidation(MAO)coating of Mg alloys,the Mg alloy samples were oxidized in phosphate electrolyte,silicate electrolyte,first phosphate electrolyte+second silicate electrolyte,and first silicate electrolyte+second phosphate electrolyte.And the corrosion resistance,cytotoxicity,and osteogenic property of the samples were studied.The results showed that the Na2SiO3-MAO coated sample had more micropores than the CaP-MAO coated sample.The composite micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coatings obviously improved the degradation resistance of the alloy.Moreover,the samples fabricated first in silicate electrolyte and then in phosphate electrolyte showed the best corrosion resistance with the corrosion current density of only 0.1μA/cm2,which was two orders of magnitude lower than the single silicate Na2SiO3-MAO coated(10.9μA/cm2).Besides,the cytocompatibility of the MAO coated samples was good,presenting no cell toxicity.The extract from the Na2SiO3+CaP coated sample promoted cell proliferation,reaching almost 100%after 5 d.Na2SiO3+CaP coated sample showed the best osteogenic property with bone volumeotal volume(BV/TV)about 55%after 8 weeks implantation in calvarial region(parietal bone)of the skull.The results indicated that the Na2SiO3+CaP coated magnesium alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance and osteogenic property.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2023YFB3710401 and 2023YFB3710403)the State KeyLaboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials.
摘要This study investigates the effect of Ce content on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti0.98Zr0.02Mn1.5Cr0.05V0.43Fe0.09Cex(x=0,0.02,0.04,and 0.06,at%)alloys.Microstructural analysis of these alloys revealed dendritic microstructures without the segregation of chemical elements,with the C14 Laves phase identified as the dominant phase.After two activation cycles at 4 MPa and 293 K,the alloys exhibited excellent hydrogen absorption properties.The addition of Ce significantly improved the kinetics of the alloys.At x=0.02,the hydrogen absorption capacity reached 90%of its maximum within 137 s at 293 K.Pressure-composition-temperature curves indicated that hydrogen absorption capacity initially increased first and then decreased with increasing Ce content,reaching a maximum value of 1.85wt%at x=0.04.Thermodynamic results demonstrated that the enthalpy and entropy of hydrogen absorption followed a similar trend,which was consistent with the variation in hydrogen storage capacity.Thus,the improvement in hydrogen absorption capacity due to the addition of Ce is attributed to the increase in enthalpy.The increase of the lattice constant in the C14 Laves phase and the deoxidization effect of Ce are expected to be beneficial for the improvement of hydrogen absorption kinetics.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52305421 and 52175363)the General Research Fund of Hong Kong,China(No.15223520)the projects from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,China(Nos.4-W418,1-ZE1W,4-WZ4W and 1-CD4H)。
摘要Gradient microstructures strengthened by serrated Grain Boundaries(GBs)were achieved through a combination of Gradient Strain Deformation(GSD)and Serration Heat Treatment(SHT),with particular focus on microstructural evolution,underlying mechanisms,and the critical influencing factors.Dynamic recrystallization governed the microstructural evolution in the fine-grained and transition regions during GSD,where multiple nucleation mechanisms were active.Plastic deformation facilitated the dissolution ofγ'phase in fine-grained regions,ultimately resulting in its morphological transformation.During the subsequent SHT,serrated GBs formed within the gradient microstructures produced by prior GSD without disrupting the grain size gradient,thereby enhancing creep resistance.Two distinct mechanisms associated withγ'gbparticles governed the formation of the serrations at GBs.Owing to the stronger dragging effect of grain boundary junctions in fine-grained regions,the amplitude and wavelength of serrations in these regions were smaller than those in coarse-grained regions.Moreover,the formation of serrations exhibited a strong dependence on the inherent properties of the GBs.The random high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs)with misorientation angles in the range of 30-59°tended to become serrated more easily during SHT due to their high mobility and the accelerated precipitation ofγ'gbparticles at them.Low-ΣHAGBs and low-angle GBs were not prone to form serrations.In particular,serration formation was completely inhibited atΣ3 twin boundaries due to their extremely low mobility and the absence ofγ'gbparticles.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51671075 and 51971086)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.LH2022E081).
摘要This paper reviews the research progress and application prospects of machine learning technologies in the field of polymer materials.Currently,machine learning methods are developing rapidly in polymer material research;although they have significantly accelerated material prediction and design,their complexity has also caused difficulties in understanding and application for researchers in traditional fields.In response to the above issues,this paper first analyzes the inherent challenges in the research and development of polymer materials,including structural complexity and the limitations of traditional trial-and-error methods.To address these problems,it focuses on introducing key basic technologies such as molecular descriptors and feature representation,data standardization and cleaning,and records a number of high-quality polymer databases.Subsequently,it elaborates on the key role of machine learning in polymer property prediction and material design,covering the specific applications of algorithms such as traditional machine learning,deep learning,and transfer learning;further,it deeply expounds on data-driven design strategies,such as reverse design,high-throughput virtual screening,and multi-objective optimization.The paper also systematically introduces the complete process of constructing high-reliability machine learning models and summarizes effective experimental verification,model evaluation,and optimization methods.Finally,it summarizes the current technical challenges in research,such as data quality and model generalization ability,and looks forward to future development trends including multi-scale modeling,physics—informed machine learning,standardized data sharing,and interpretable machine learning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22408227 and 2238005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M751206)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.24KJB530007).
摘要Traditional quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR)methods rely on molecular descriptors to quantify molecular structures and establish correlations with physical properties.In this study,we propose an approach that incorporates complete molecular structures to refine traditional QSPR methods and improve predictive accuracy.The supercritical properties used for modeling are collected from the literature.Molecular structures are optimized using density functional theory,from which molecular descriptors are derived.Both the structures and descriptors serve as inputs to the models developed in this work.Three models are constructed:a traditional artificial neural network model,a ResNet model,and a convolutional neural network(CNN)-enhanced model.Comparison with the JOBACK method shows that the CNN-enhanced model achieves higher predictive accuracy,whereas the ResNet model,which relies solely on molecular structures,suffers from pronounced overfitting.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22421003,52078269 and 52325801)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering(No.MESO-23-D12)。
摘要Understanding the relationship between catalytic properties and gas sensing performance in metal oxide semiconductors is essential for elucidating reaction mechanisms and designing highly-sensitive,active materials.In this study,cubic CoO with octahedral[CoO6]coordination,wurtzite CoO with tetrahedral[CoO4]coordination and spinel Co3O4with mixed[CoO6]and[CoO4]coordination were synthesized.Though cubic CoO showed higher catalytic activity at 20–100℃ and wurtzite CoO had higher activity at 60–100℃,the ozone sensing response of Co3O4was higher at the optimized working temperature of 60℃.In situ infrared reflectance spectroscopy revealed the presence of abundant intermediates in the catalytic process of Co3O4,benefiting the electron transfer and the resultant resistance change of the sensor.Furthermore,Co3O4calcined at 600℃ with 3 at.%Sn doping showed the highest sensitivity(response=55 to 1 ppm ozone)at 60℃ and excellent selectivity toward interfering gases,including formaldehyde,ethanol,acetone,and xylene.These findings infer that catalytic intermediates rather than decomposition efficiency play a more important role in gas sensing.
摘要Under the background of“dual circulation,”new requirements have been put forward for the cultivation of intellectual property(IP)and foreign-related IP talent.However,the cultivation of foreign-related IP talent in China is confronted with a structural problem between supply and demand:on the demand side,enterprises are facing an increasing number of overseas disputes,while the quantity and quality of talent are insufficient;on the supply side,there are problems such as ambiguous disciplinary positioning,low degree of internationalization,weak practical links,and simple evaluation and incentive mechanisms.To address these issues,it is necessary to construct a cultivation framework featuring compound,international,and practical capabilities.This can be achieved through a hierarchical and classified curriculum system,a closed-loop cultivation of“competence-knowledge-resources,”and a“teaching-practice-output”path to enhance talent's capabilities.Meanwhile,mechanism innovation should be promoted,including the reform of disciplinary system,the construction of collaborative education mechanism,and the improvement of evaluation and reward system,so as to provide intellectual property talent support for the construction of an IP power and high-level opening-up.