In Shadow-Fading model, it is difficult to achieve higher Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) due to the effects of large scale fading. The main goal of this paper is to improve the PDR in Shadow-Fading environment. To achiev...In Shadow-Fading model, it is difficult to achieve higher Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) due to the effects of large scale fading. The main goal of this paper is to improve the PDR in Shadow-Fading environment. To achieve this objective a protocol has been proposed that discovers backup routes for active sessions. These backup routes salvage the packets of active session in case of active route failure. It is found by research that proactively maintaining backup routes for ac-tive sessions can noticeably improve the PDR in Shadow-Fading environment. This protocol has been implemented with a mechanism of having backup routes and simulations have been conducted by using both node disjoint paths and link disjoint paths. Comparisons have been made between new protocol as well as AODV protocol. Simulation has been carried out using Network Simulator 2 (NS2) and the results show that the proposed QoSAR protocol exhibits higher PDR than AODV protocol in Shadow-fading environment.展开更多
By virtue of alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM), Newton-Raphson method, ratio consensus approach and running sum method, two distributed iterative strategies are presented in this paper to address the e...By virtue of alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM), Newton-Raphson method, ratio consensus approach and running sum method, two distributed iterative strategies are presented in this paper to address the economic dispatch problem(EDP) in power systems. Different from most of the existing distributed ED approaches which neglect the effects of packet drops or/and time delays, this paper takes into account both packet drops and time delays which frequently occur in communication networks. Moreover, directed and possibly unbalanced graphs are considered in our algorithms, over which many distributed approaches fail to converge. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can address the EDP with local constraints of generators and nonquadratic convex cost functions, not just quadratic ones required in some existing ED approaches. Both theoretical analyses and simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.展开更多
Fault Identification in Renewable Energy Transmission Lines Using Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Voltage Waveform Analysis,vol.123,no.3,pp.20,2026.http://gffzzd3cc09b8251d45dfs5nnw6kcncnoo6kwp.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/10.32604/ee.2026.071768.Following publication of the...Fault Identification in Renewable Energy Transmission Lines Using Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Voltage Waveform Analysis,vol.123,no.3,pp.20,2026.http://gffzzd3cc09b8251d45dfs5nnw6kcncnoo6kwp.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/10.32604/ee.2026.071768.Following publication of the article,a request was received to correct the institutional affiliation of the authors.The request was supported by relevant documentation and approved by all authors.展开更多
We present a coherent and systematic review of Random Access Algorithms for packet networks, as developed over three and a half decades. We consider the appropriate user models and we classify the algorithms according...We present a coherent and systematic review of Random Access Algorithms for packet networks, as developed over three and a half decades. We consider the appropriate user models and we classify the algorithms according to the channel sensing constraints imposed. We also present a review of the analytical methodologies required for the performance analysis of these algorithms.展开更多
In this paper,the problem of proportional-integral observer(PIO)design is investigated for a class of discrete-time multi-rate systems with multiple sensors,with the sensor sampling periods being allowed to differ fro...In this paper,the problem of proportional-integral observer(PIO)design is investigated for a class of discrete-time multi-rate systems with multiple sensors,with the sensor sampling periods being allowed to differ from the system updating periods.The facilitation of communication between sensors and the remote PIO through wireless networks,which are subject to probabilistic packet dropouts,is achieved through the utilization of a decode-and-forward relay-based strategy.The occurrence of packet dropouts is governed by a Bernoulli-distributed random variable whose probability is dependent on the available transmission power.A decode-and-forward relay-based strategy,developed based on different components,is capable of processing information from different encoders at different physical locations.For the convenience of observer design,the lifting technique is employed with aim to cast the multi-rate system into a single-rate one.By establishing sufficient conditions,the combined effect of external noises and relaying-aided communication on estimation performance is intuitively illustrated.Subsequently,a PIO with an adjustable parameter is designed by solving certain optimization problems.A simulation example is finally provided to validate the theoretical results.展开更多
Two problems in solid state physics and superconductivity are addressed by applications of dispersion dynamics. The first is the Hall effect. The dynamics of charges that yield positive Hall coefficients in material h...Two problems in solid state physics and superconductivity are addressed by applications of dispersion dynamics. The first is the Hall effect. The dynamics of charges that yield positive Hall coefficients in material having no mobile positive charges have always been problematic The effect requires both electric and magnetic response, but magnetic deflection is only possible in mobile charges. In high temperature superconductors, these charges must be electrons. Contrary to Newton’s second law, their acceleration is reversed in crystal fields that dictate negative dispersion. This is evident in room temperature measurements, but a second problem arises in supercurrents at low temperatures. The charge dynamics in material having zero internal electric field because of zero resistivity;and zero magnetic field because of the Meissner-Ochsenfeld diamagnetism;while the supercurrents themselves have properties of zero net momentum;zero spin;and sometimes, zero charge;are so far from having been resolved that they may never have been addressed. Again, dispersion dynamics are developed to provide solutions given by reduction of the superconducting wave packet. The reduction is here physically analyzed, though it is usually treated as a quantized unobservable.展开更多
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is considered to apply to both medical healthcare and entertainment applications. A requirement for each application is different, i.e. high reliability for medical healthcare whereas...Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is considered to apply to both medical healthcare and entertainment applications. A requirement for each application is different, i.e. high reliability for medical healthcare whereas high throughput for entertainment application. However, for both applications, low energy consumption is requested. Multiple hops technics have been researching in many fields of wireless system, e.g., ad hod, mobile, ITS etc. and its energy-efficiency is reported to be high. We propose the multiple hops technic for WBAN, however, WBAN is different to another systems, almost sensors forward the vital data packet of another sensors while sensing and generating the data packet of itself. Therefore, according to a packet generation rate of all sensors, probabilities of successful transmission and packet loss because of collision, timeout and overflow, are changed. It means that the vital data is lost and the transmit power is wasted due to packet loss. In order to obtain the highest throughput and save the power, the successful transmission probability is analyzed and the packet generation rate is optimized for multiple hops WBAN that using CSMA/CA based on IEEE802.15.6. The numerical calculation result indicates that the optimized packet generation rate depends on the system model. Moreover, the relation between the system model, the optimized packet generation rate and the throughput is discussed in the paper.展开更多
The power quality (PQ) signals are traditionally analyzed in the time-domain by skilled engineers. However, PQ disturbances may not always be obvious in the original time-domain signal. Fourier analysis transforms sig...The power quality (PQ) signals are traditionally analyzed in the time-domain by skilled engineers. However, PQ disturbances may not always be obvious in the original time-domain signal. Fourier analysis transforms signals into frequency domain, but has the disadvantage that time characteristics will become unobvious. Wavelet analysis, which provides both time and frequency information, can overcome this limitation. In this paper, there were two stages in analyzing PQ signals: feature extraction and disturbances classification. To extract features from PQ signals, wavelet packet transform (WPT) was first applied and feature vectors were constructed from wavelet packet log-energy entropy of different nodes. Least square support vector machines (LS-SVM) was applied to these feature vectors to classify PQ disturbances. Simulation results show that the proposed method possesses high recognition rate, so it is suitable to the monitoring and classifying system for PQ disturbances.展开更多
Linearized shallow water perturbation equations with approximation in an equatorial β plane are used to obtain the analytical solution of wave packet anomalies in the upper bounded equatorial ocean. The main results ...Linearized shallow water perturbation equations with approximation in an equatorial β plane are used to obtain the analytical solution of wave packet anomalies in the upper bounded equatorial ocean. The main results are as follows. The wave packet is a superposition of eastward travelling Kelvin waves and westward travelling Rossby waves with the slowest speed, and satisfies the boundary conditions of eastern and western coasts, respectively.The decay coefficient of this solution to the north and south sides of the equator is inversely proportional only to the phase velocity of Kelvin waves in the upper water. The oscillation frequency of the wave packet, which is also the natural frequency of the ocean, is proportional to its mode number and the phase velocity of Kelvin waves and is inversely proportional to the length of the equatorial ocean in the east-west direction. The flow anomalies of the wave packet of Mode 1 most of the time appear as zonal flows with the same direction. They reach the maximum at the center of the equatorial ocean and decay rapidly away from the equator, manifested as equatorially trapped waves. The flow anomalies of the wave packet of Mode 2 appear as the zonal flows with the same direction most of the time in half of the ocean, and are always 0 at the center of the entire ocean which indicates stagnation, while decaying away from the equator with the same speed as that of Mode 1. The spatial structure and oscillation period of the wave packet solution of Mode 1 and Mode 2 are consistent with the changing periods of the surface spatial field and time coefficient of the first and second modes of complex empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis of flow anomalies in the actual equatorial ocean. This indicates that the solution does exist in the real ocean, and that El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and Indian Ocean dipole(IOD) are both related to Mode 2.After considering the Indonesian throughflow, we can obtain the length of bounded equatorial ocean by taking the sum of that of the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific Ocean, thus this wave packet can also explain the decadal variability(about 20 a) of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans.展开更多
In this paper, a wavelet packet feature selection method for lung sounds based on optimization is proposed to obtain the best feature set which maximizes the differences between normal lung sounds and abnormal lung so...In this paper, a wavelet packet feature selection method for lung sounds based on optimization is proposed to obtain the best feature set which maximizes the differences between normal lung sounds and abnormal lung sounds(sounds with wheezes or rales). The proposed method includes two main steps: Firstly, the wavelet packet transform(WPT) is used to extract the original features of lung sounds; then the genetic algorithm(GA) is used to select the best feature set. The obtained optimal feature set is sent to four different classifiers to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the feature set obtained by the proposed method provides a higher classification accuracy of 94.6% in comparison with the best wavelet packet basis approach and multi-scale principal component analysis(PCA) approach. Meanwhile, the proposed method has effective generalization performance and can obtain the best feature set without priori knowledge of lung sounds.展开更多
To overcome the challenges of poor real-time performance,limited scalability,and low intelligence in conventional jamming pattern recognition methods,this paper proposes a method based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition(...To overcome the challenges of poor real-time performance,limited scalability,and low intelligence in conventional jamming pattern recognition methods,this paper proposes a method based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition(WPD)and enhanced deep learning techniques.In the proposed method,an agent at the receiver processes the received signal using WPD to generate an initial Spectrogram Waterfall(SW),which is subsequently segmented using a sliding window to serve as the input for the jamming recognition network.The network employs a bilateral filter to preprocess the input SW,thereby enhancing the edge features of the jamming signals.To extract abstract features,depthwise separable convolution is utilized instead of traditional convolution,thereby reducing the network’s parameter count and enhancing real-time performance.A pyramid pooling layer is integrated before the fully connected layer to enable the network to process input SW of varying sizes,thus enhancing scalability.During network training,adaptive moment estimation is employed as the optimizer,allowing the network to dynamically adjust the learning rate and accelerate convergence.A comprehensive comparison between the proposed jamming recognition network and six other models is conducted,along with Ablation Experiments(AE)based on numerical simulations.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method based on WPD and enhanced deep learning achieves high-precision recognition of various jamming patterns while maintaining a favorable balance among prediction accuracy,network complexity,and prediction time.展开更多
This study concerns with fault diagnosis of urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter using wavelet packet and RBF neural network. Four statistical features are selected: standard voltage signal, voltage fluctuation signa...This study concerns with fault diagnosis of urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter using wavelet packet and RBF neural network. Four statistical features are selected: standard voltage signal, voltage fluctuation signal, impulsive transient signal and frequency variation signal. In this article, the original signals are decomposed into different frequency subbands by wavelet packet. Next, an automatic feature extraction algorithm is constructed. Finally, those wavelet packet energy eigenvectors are taken as fault samples to train RBF neural network. The result shows that the RBF neural network is effective in the detection and diagnosis of various urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter faults.展开更多
We present a fully time-dependent quantum wave packet evolution method for investigating molecular dynamics in intense laser fields.This approach enables the simultaneous treatment of interactions among multiple elect...We present a fully time-dependent quantum wave packet evolution method for investigating molecular dynamics in intense laser fields.This approach enables the simultaneous treatment of interactions among multiple electronic states while simultaneously tracking their time-dependent electronic,vibrational,and rotational dynamics.As an illustrative example,we consider neutral H2molecules and simulate the laser-induced excitation dynamics of electronic and rotational states in strong laser fields,quantitatively distinguishing the respective contributions of electronic dipole transitions(within the classical-field approximation)and non-resonant Raman processes to the overall molecular dynamics.Furthermore,we precisely evaluate the relative contributions of direct tunneling ionization from the ground state and ionization following electronic excitation in the strong-field ionization of H2.The developed methodology shows strong potential for performing high-precision theoretical simulations of electronic-vibrational-rotational state excitations,ionization,and dissociation dynamics in molecules and their ions under intense laser fields.展开更多
Accurate forecasting of electricity spot prices is crucial for market participants in formulating bidding strategies.However,the extreme volatility of electricity spot prices,influenced by various factors,poses signif...Accurate forecasting of electricity spot prices is crucial for market participants in formulating bidding strategies.However,the extreme volatility of electricity spot prices,influenced by various factors,poses significant challenges for forecasting.To address the data uncertainty of electricity prices and effectively mitigate gradient issues,overfitting,and computational challenges associated with using a single model during forecasting,this paper proposes a framework for forecasting spot market electricity prices by integrating wavelet packet decomposition(WPD)with a hybrid deep neural network.By ensuring accurate data decomposition,the WPD algorithm aids in detecting fluctuating patterns and isolating random noise.The hybrid model integrates temporal convolutional networks(TCN)and long short-term memory(LSTM)networks to enhance feature extraction and improve forecasting performance.Compared to other techniques,it significantly reduces average errors,decreasing mean absolute error(MAE)by 27.3%,root mean square error(RMSE)by 66.9%,and mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)by 22.8%.This framework effectively captures the intricate fluctuations present in the time series,resulting in more accurate and reliable predictions.展开更多
Travel-time prediction has gained significance over the years especially in urban areas due to increasing traffic congestion. In this paper, the basic building blocks of the travel-time prediction models are discussed...Travel-time prediction has gained significance over the years especially in urban areas due to increasing traffic congestion. In this paper, the basic building blocks of the travel-time prediction models are discussed, with a small review of the previous work. A model for the travel-time prediction on freeways based on wavelet packet decomposition and support vector regression (WDSVR) is proposed, which used the multi-resolution and equivalent frequency distribution ability of the wavelet transform to train the support vector machines. The results are compared against the classical support vector regression (SVR) method. Our results indicated that the wavelet reconstructed coefficient when used as an input to the support vector machine for regression performed better (with selected wavelets only), when compared with the support vector regression model (without wavelet decomposition) with a prediction horizon of 45 minutes and more. The data used in this paper was taken from the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) of District 12 with a detector density of 2.73, experiencing daily peak hours except most weekends. The data was stored for a period of 214 days accumulated over 5-minute intervals over a distance of 9.13 miles. The results indicated MAPE ranging from 12.35% to 14.75% against the classical SVR method with MAPE ranging from 12.57% to 15.84% with a prediction horizon of 45 minutes to 1 hour. The basic criteria for selection of wavelet basis for preprocessing the inputs of support vector machines are also explored to filter the set of wavelet families for the WDSVR model. Finally, a configuration of travel-time prediction on freeways is presented with interchangeable prediction methods.展开更多
摘要In Shadow-Fading model, it is difficult to achieve higher Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) due to the effects of large scale fading. The main goal of this paper is to improve the PDR in Shadow-Fading environment. To achieve this objective a protocol has been proposed that discovers backup routes for active sessions. These backup routes salvage the packets of active session in case of active route failure. It is found by research that proactively maintaining backup routes for ac-tive sessions can noticeably improve the PDR in Shadow-Fading environment. This protocol has been implemented with a mechanism of having backup routes and simulations have been conducted by using both node disjoint paths and link disjoint paths. Comparisons have been made between new protocol as well as AODV protocol. Simulation has been carried out using Network Simulator 2 (NS2) and the results show that the proposed QoSAR protocol exhibits higher PDR than AODV protocol in Shadow-fading environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61673077)。
摘要By virtue of alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM), Newton-Raphson method, ratio consensus approach and running sum method, two distributed iterative strategies are presented in this paper to address the economic dispatch problem(EDP) in power systems. Different from most of the existing distributed ED approaches which neglect the effects of packet drops or/and time delays, this paper takes into account both packet drops and time delays which frequently occur in communication networks. Moreover, directed and possibly unbalanced graphs are considered in our algorithms, over which many distributed approaches fail to converge. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can address the EDP with local constraints of generators and nonquadratic convex cost functions, not just quadratic ones required in some existing ED approaches. Both theoretical analyses and simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
摘要Fault Identification in Renewable Energy Transmission Lines Using Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Voltage Waveform Analysis,vol.123,no.3,pp.20,2026.http://gffzzd3cc09b8251d45dfs5nnw6kcncnoo6kwp.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/10.32604/ee.2026.071768.Following publication of the article,a request was received to correct the institutional affiliation of the authors.The request was supported by relevant documentation and approved by all authors.
摘要We present a coherent and systematic review of Random Access Algorithms for packet networks, as developed over three and a half decades. We consider the appropriate user models and we classify the algorithms according to the channel sensing constraints imposed. We also present a review of the analytical methodologies required for the performance analysis of these algorithms.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273239)the Royal Society of the UKthe Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany。
摘要In this paper,the problem of proportional-integral observer(PIO)design is investigated for a class of discrete-time multi-rate systems with multiple sensors,with the sensor sampling periods being allowed to differ from the system updating periods.The facilitation of communication between sensors and the remote PIO through wireless networks,which are subject to probabilistic packet dropouts,is achieved through the utilization of a decode-and-forward relay-based strategy.The occurrence of packet dropouts is governed by a Bernoulli-distributed random variable whose probability is dependent on the available transmission power.A decode-and-forward relay-based strategy,developed based on different components,is capable of processing information from different encoders at different physical locations.For the convenience of observer design,the lifting technique is employed with aim to cast the multi-rate system into a single-rate one.By establishing sufficient conditions,the combined effect of external noises and relaying-aided communication on estimation performance is intuitively illustrated.Subsequently,a PIO with an adjustable parameter is designed by solving certain optimization problems.A simulation example is finally provided to validate the theoretical results.
摘要Two problems in solid state physics and superconductivity are addressed by applications of dispersion dynamics. The first is the Hall effect. The dynamics of charges that yield positive Hall coefficients in material having no mobile positive charges have always been problematic The effect requires both electric and magnetic response, but magnetic deflection is only possible in mobile charges. In high temperature superconductors, these charges must be electrons. Contrary to Newton’s second law, their acceleration is reversed in crystal fields that dictate negative dispersion. This is evident in room temperature measurements, but a second problem arises in supercurrents at low temperatures. The charge dynamics in material having zero internal electric field because of zero resistivity;and zero magnetic field because of the Meissner-Ochsenfeld diamagnetism;while the supercurrents themselves have properties of zero net momentum;zero spin;and sometimes, zero charge;are so far from having been resolved that they may never have been addressed. Again, dispersion dynamics are developed to provide solutions given by reduction of the superconducting wave packet. The reduction is here physically analyzed, though it is usually treated as a quantized unobservable.
摘要Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is considered to apply to both medical healthcare and entertainment applications. A requirement for each application is different, i.e. high reliability for medical healthcare whereas high throughput for entertainment application. However, for both applications, low energy consumption is requested. Multiple hops technics have been researching in many fields of wireless system, e.g., ad hod, mobile, ITS etc. and its energy-efficiency is reported to be high. We propose the multiple hops technic for WBAN, however, WBAN is different to another systems, almost sensors forward the vital data packet of another sensors while sensing and generating the data packet of itself. Therefore, according to a packet generation rate of all sensors, probabilities of successful transmission and packet loss because of collision, timeout and overflow, are changed. It means that the vital data is lost and the transmit power is wasted due to packet loss. In order to obtain the highest throughput and save the power, the successful transmission probability is analyzed and the packet generation rate is optimized for multiple hops WBAN that using CSMA/CA based on IEEE802.15.6. The numerical calculation result indicates that the optimized packet generation rate depends on the system model. Moreover, the relation between the system model, the optimized packet generation rate and the throughput is discussed in the paper.
摘要The power quality (PQ) signals are traditionally analyzed in the time-domain by skilled engineers. However, PQ disturbances may not always be obvious in the original time-domain signal. Fourier analysis transforms signals into frequency domain, but has the disadvantage that time characteristics will become unobvious. Wavelet analysis, which provides both time and frequency information, can overcome this limitation. In this paper, there were two stages in analyzing PQ signals: feature extraction and disturbances classification. To extract features from PQ signals, wavelet packet transform (WPT) was first applied and feature vectors were constructed from wavelet packet log-energy entropy of different nodes. Least square support vector machines (LS-SVM) was applied to these feature vectors to classify PQ disturbances. Simulation results show that the proposed method possesses high recognition rate, so it is suitable to the monitoring and classifying system for PQ disturbances.
基金The National Major Research High Performance Computing Program of China under contract 2016YFB0200800the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.XDA20060501
摘要Linearized shallow water perturbation equations with approximation in an equatorial β plane are used to obtain the analytical solution of wave packet anomalies in the upper bounded equatorial ocean. The main results are as follows. The wave packet is a superposition of eastward travelling Kelvin waves and westward travelling Rossby waves with the slowest speed, and satisfies the boundary conditions of eastern and western coasts, respectively.The decay coefficient of this solution to the north and south sides of the equator is inversely proportional only to the phase velocity of Kelvin waves in the upper water. The oscillation frequency of the wave packet, which is also the natural frequency of the ocean, is proportional to its mode number and the phase velocity of Kelvin waves and is inversely proportional to the length of the equatorial ocean in the east-west direction. The flow anomalies of the wave packet of Mode 1 most of the time appear as zonal flows with the same direction. They reach the maximum at the center of the equatorial ocean and decay rapidly away from the equator, manifested as equatorially trapped waves. The flow anomalies of the wave packet of Mode 2 appear as the zonal flows with the same direction most of the time in half of the ocean, and are always 0 at the center of the entire ocean which indicates stagnation, while decaying away from the equator with the same speed as that of Mode 1. The spatial structure and oscillation period of the wave packet solution of Mode 1 and Mode 2 are consistent with the changing periods of the surface spatial field and time coefficient of the first and second modes of complex empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis of flow anomalies in the actual equatorial ocean. This indicates that the solution does exist in the real ocean, and that El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and Indian Ocean dipole(IOD) are both related to Mode 2.After considering the Indonesian throughflow, we can obtain the length of bounded equatorial ocean by taking the sum of that of the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific Ocean, thus this wave packet can also explain the decadal variability(about 20 a) of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans.
基金Funded by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.cstc2012gg-gjhz0023)the 2013 Innovative Team Construction Project of Chongqing Universities
摘要In this paper, a wavelet packet feature selection method for lung sounds based on optimization is proposed to obtain the best feature set which maximizes the differences between normal lung sounds and abnormal lung sounds(sounds with wheezes or rales). The proposed method includes two main steps: Firstly, the wavelet packet transform(WPT) is used to extract the original features of lung sounds; then the genetic algorithm(GA) is used to select the best feature set. The obtained optimal feature set is sent to four different classifiers to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the feature set obtained by the proposed method provides a higher classification accuracy of 94.6% in comparison with the best wavelet packet basis approach and multi-scale principal component analysis(PCA) approach. Meanwhile, the proposed method has effective generalization performance and can obtain the best feature set without priori knowledge of lung sounds.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U23A20279China Electronics Tian’ao Innovation Theory and Technology Group Fund under Grand 20221193-04-04.
摘要To overcome the challenges of poor real-time performance,limited scalability,and low intelligence in conventional jamming pattern recognition methods,this paper proposes a method based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition(WPD)and enhanced deep learning techniques.In the proposed method,an agent at the receiver processes the received signal using WPD to generate an initial Spectrogram Waterfall(SW),which is subsequently segmented using a sliding window to serve as the input for the jamming recognition network.The network employs a bilateral filter to preprocess the input SW,thereby enhancing the edge features of the jamming signals.To extract abstract features,depthwise separable convolution is utilized instead of traditional convolution,thereby reducing the network’s parameter count and enhancing real-time performance.A pyramid pooling layer is integrated before the fully connected layer to enable the network to process input SW of varying sizes,thus enhancing scalability.During network training,adaptive moment estimation is employed as the optimizer,allowing the network to dynamically adjust the learning rate and accelerate convergence.A comprehensive comparison between the proposed jamming recognition network and six other models is conducted,along with Ablation Experiments(AE)based on numerical simulations.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method based on WPD and enhanced deep learning achieves high-precision recognition of various jamming patterns while maintaining a favorable balance among prediction accuracy,network complexity,and prediction time.
摘要This study concerns with fault diagnosis of urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter using wavelet packet and RBF neural network. Four statistical features are selected: standard voltage signal, voltage fluctuation signal, impulsive transient signal and frequency variation signal. In this article, the original signals are decomposed into different frequency subbands by wavelet packet. Next, an automatic feature extraction algorithm is constructed. Finally, those wavelet packet energy eigenvectors are taken as fault samples to train RBF neural network. The result shows that the RBF neural network is effective in the detection and diagnosis of various urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter faults.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12450404)。
摘要We present a fully time-dependent quantum wave packet evolution method for investigating molecular dynamics in intense laser fields.This approach enables the simultaneous treatment of interactions among multiple electronic states while simultaneously tracking their time-dependent electronic,vibrational,and rotational dynamics.As an illustrative example,we consider neutral H2molecules and simulate the laser-induced excitation dynamics of electronic and rotational states in strong laser fields,quantitatively distinguishing the respective contributions of electronic dipole transitions(within the classical-field approximation)and non-resonant Raman processes to the overall molecular dynamics.Furthermore,we precisely evaluate the relative contributions of direct tunneling ionization from the ground state and ionization following electronic excitation in the strong-field ionization of H2.The developed methodology shows strong potential for performing high-precision theoretical simulations of electronic-vibrational-rotational state excitations,ionization,and dissociation dynamics in molecules and their ions under intense laser fields.
基金partially supported by projects funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2403000)the State Grid Corporation of China Science and Technology Project(522722230034).
摘要Accurate forecasting of electricity spot prices is crucial for market participants in formulating bidding strategies.However,the extreme volatility of electricity spot prices,influenced by various factors,poses significant challenges for forecasting.To address the data uncertainty of electricity prices and effectively mitigate gradient issues,overfitting,and computational challenges associated with using a single model during forecasting,this paper proposes a framework for forecasting spot market electricity prices by integrating wavelet packet decomposition(WPD)with a hybrid deep neural network.By ensuring accurate data decomposition,the WPD algorithm aids in detecting fluctuating patterns and isolating random noise.The hybrid model integrates temporal convolutional networks(TCN)and long short-term memory(LSTM)networks to enhance feature extraction and improve forecasting performance.Compared to other techniques,it significantly reduces average errors,decreasing mean absolute error(MAE)by 27.3%,root mean square error(RMSE)by 66.9%,and mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)by 22.8%.This framework effectively captures the intricate fluctuations present in the time series,resulting in more accurate and reliable predictions.
摘要Travel-time prediction has gained significance over the years especially in urban areas due to increasing traffic congestion. In this paper, the basic building blocks of the travel-time prediction models are discussed, with a small review of the previous work. A model for the travel-time prediction on freeways based on wavelet packet decomposition and support vector regression (WDSVR) is proposed, which used the multi-resolution and equivalent frequency distribution ability of the wavelet transform to train the support vector machines. The results are compared against the classical support vector regression (SVR) method. Our results indicated that the wavelet reconstructed coefficient when used as an input to the support vector machine for regression performed better (with selected wavelets only), when compared with the support vector regression model (without wavelet decomposition) with a prediction horizon of 45 minutes and more. The data used in this paper was taken from the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) of District 12 with a detector density of 2.73, experiencing daily peak hours except most weekends. The data was stored for a period of 214 days accumulated over 5-minute intervals over a distance of 9.13 miles. The results indicated MAPE ranging from 12.35% to 14.75% against the classical SVR method with MAPE ranging from 12.57% to 15.84% with a prediction horizon of 45 minutes to 1 hour. The basic criteria for selection of wavelet basis for preprocessing the inputs of support vector machines are also explored to filter the set of wavelet families for the WDSVR model. Finally, a configuration of travel-time prediction on freeways is presented with interchangeable prediction methods.