This paper introduces a small perturbation frequency domain thermal analysis model based on the nonlinear dynamics model.The model can be applied to study the high-precision temperature control of thermal systems unde...This paper introduces a small perturbation frequency domain thermal analysis model based on the nonlinear dynamics model.The model can be applied to study the high-precision temperature control of thermal systems under low-frequency complex perturbations.The frequency domain characteristics of the space gravitational wave detection satellite are analyzed,and a multi-channel perturbation structure is established.The effects of three kinds of heat flow perturbations,including external heat flow,power generation power,and waste heat of electronic equipment,on the temperature through five transfer paths are investigated.It has been discovered that the waste heat from electronic equipment inside the satellite has the most noticeable effect on the temperature power spectral density of temperature-sensitive optical loads,serving as the primary factor influencing thermal stability.For complex noise signals,the small perturbation analysis method can decompose the different frequency components or ranges,reducing the problem to linearized analysis and simplifying complex calculations.The results indicate that the temperature power spectral density decreases as signal frequency increases,with low-frequency signals exerting a greater influence on temperature stability.The small perturbation analysis method is a novel and effective method for temperature control of space thermal systems,with high accuracy and stability.展开更多
To develop a novel moist physics parameterization scheme,this study analyzed Typhoon Mujigae in the South China Sea.The China Meteorological Administration’s Tropical Region Atmospheric Model System,a regional numeri...To develop a novel moist physics parameterization scheme,this study analyzed Typhoon Mujigae in the South China Sea.The China Meteorological Administration’s Tropical Region Atmospheric Model System,a regional numerical weather prediction model,was run using alternately activated and deactivated conventional moist physics parameterization schemes.The difference between the outputs of these runs formed a dataset used to train a fully connected neural network.This network predicts the temporal tendencies of potential temperature and specific humidity,representing the heating and drying effects of moist physical processes.A perturbation forecast approach was employed to isolate these moist physical effects from the influence of large-scale dynamical processes on heat and moisture transport.The results demonstrate that the trained neural network scheme successfully replicates the heating and drying features,primarily latent heat release,around the typhoon center.It exhibited spatial distributions of heat sources and moisture sinks comparable to those of the conventional scheme.The analysis revealed a key characteristic of typhoon convection:heat sources correspond to moisture sinks.Vertically averaged moisture sinks exceed the heat sources,indicating an excess latent heat release that necessitates balancing by radiative cooling.This study confirmed that a deep-learning moist physics scheme can effectively emulate traditional parameterization schemes,particularly for typhoons.展开更多
Soft Hilbert spaces(S-Hilbert spaces for short)play an important role in the field of mathematical modeling and decision-making,which has received widespread attention.This article addresses the dual soft frame(s-fram...Soft Hilbert spaces(S-Hilbert spaces for short)play an important role in the field of mathematical modeling and decision-making,which has received widespread attention.This article addresses the dual soft frame(s-frame for short)theory in S-Hilbert spaces.We introduce the notion of generalized dual s-frames(dual s-frames and approximately dual s-frames)in SHilbert spaces and our motivation is to seek their applications in decision-making.We prove that a pair of generalized dual s-frames may induce a pair of dual s-frames,and obtain that generalized dual s-frames have a preservation effect under the action of a pair of invertible operators.We propose a method for constructing more generalized dual s-frames from known ones,and find that the best generalized dual of an s-frame is the canonical dual.Finally,we investigate the perturbation-stability properties of generalized dual s-frames.展开更多
The recent Nobel prizes in Physics to Giorgio Parisi,Geoffrey Hinton,and John Hopfield,officially proclaimed a deep epistemological change:the unity of different sciences is no more considered to stem from the fact t...The recent Nobel prizes in Physics to Giorgio Parisi,Geoffrey Hinton,and John Hopfield,officially proclaimed a deep epistemological change:the unity of different sciences is no more considered to stem from the fact that‘any entity is made by the same basic bricks’but on the recognition than‘any entity can be represented as a set of mutually interacting parts’.That is to say that any system[1]can be formalized as a‘network of interactions among its elements’.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the existence of weak solutions for a class of critical quasilinear problems involving an operator of mixed order obtained by the sum of a classical p-Laplacian and a fractional p-Laplacia...In this paper,we investigate the existence of weak solutions for a class of critical quasilinear problems involving an operator of mixed order obtained by the sum of a classical p-Laplacian and a fractional p-Laplacian,and with logarithmic perturbation termμ∣u∣q-2u log∣u∣q.Forμ∈R\{0},we obtain the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial weak solutions subject to certain conditions on the exponent q and the sign of parameterμ.Due to the sign∣u∣q-2u log∣u∣qbeing uncertain,some more detailed analysis will eventually be needed.展开更多
The effect of the resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)on the turbulence transport during the edge localized mode(ELM)suppression phase is investigated by the BOUT++six-field two-fluid simulations.Based on the edge plas...The effect of the resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)on the turbulence transport during the edge localized mode(ELM)suppression phase is investigated by the BOUT++six-field two-fluid simulations.Based on the edge plasma profiles during the ELM suppression phase in EAST experiment with n=4 RMP(n is the toroidal mode number),the plasma response field is calculated using CLTx and introduced in the BOUT++simulation.Compared with the case without RMP,the simulated flux-surface averaged radial particle flux at the position of peak pressure gradient increases to~1.5 times for the case with RMP,which is close to the estimated particle flux according to the experimental plasma profiles.It implies that the turbulence transport could have a dominating contribution to the radial transport for maintaining the pedestal density profile during ELM suppression phase after density pump-out,especially when the stochasticity of the magnetic field is not significant in the pedestal region.The increase in the radial particle flux for the case with RMP is due to the significant increase in electric drift flux,which is partly offset by the magnetic flutter flux.The enhancement of the turbulent electric drift flux is mainly due to the enhanced density and electric potential perturbations.The change in the phase difference between them further enhances the contributions of the medium-n modes and suppresses the contribution of the low-n modes.Further complexity-entropy analysis indicates that the turbulence is more stochastic,which could be related to the enhanced mode-mode coupling due to RMP effect.展开更多
To address the issue of insufficient transferability of existing adversarial example generation methods for vision-language pre-training(VLP)models,this paper proposes an adversarial example transfer method for VLP mo...To address the issue of insufficient transferability of existing adversarial example generation methods for vision-language pre-training(VLP)models,this paper proposes an adversarial example transfer method for VLP models based on negative sample feature perturbation.First,a novel cross-modal collaborative perturbation strategy is constructed.By introducing negative samples into the cross-modal perturbation mechanism,the strategy explores more perturbation directions,breaks the original modal alignment constraints and avoids the local focus of adversarial perturbations.Then,to reduce the computational cost,a dynamic threshold attack strategy is built to measure the modal similarity of the generated adversarial examples.Finally,with the help of a multi-modal fusion encoder,a cross-modal fusion semantic attack(CFSA)module is designed.This module extracts the middle-layer features of image-text pairs and improves the transfer attack effect of adversarial examples.The proposed attack method is experimentally evaluated on the Flickr30K and MSCOCO datasets.The results show that for the adversarial examples generated on the Flickr30K dataset,the attack success rate(ASR)of the proposed method reaches up to 95.3%on multiple black-box models;for those generated on the MSCOCO dataset,the maximum attack success rate on multiple black-box models reaches 70.17%.Compared with the current methods,the adversarial examples generated by the proposed method achieve better attack performance.展开更多
Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have recently emerged as a powerful tool to solve differential equations for nonlinear mechanics.However,PINNs struggle with singular perturbation problems due to their locally a...Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have recently emerged as a powerful tool to solve differential equations for nonlinear mechanics.However,PINNs struggle with singular perturbation problems due to their locally abrupt behavior and singularities.The Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo(PLK)method has been efficiently used to address these problems by applying perturbation expansions to both dependent and independent variables.This paper proposes a combination of the PLK method and PINNs,termed PLK-PINNs.The PLK-PINNs employ a parametric expression through two neural networks:one representing the mapping from parametric variables to independent variables,and the other approximating the solution of dependent variables with respect to parametric variables.Moreover,an auxiliary loss term is proposed to constrain the Jacobian determinant of the mapping within a constant sign interval to ensure the bijectivity of the mapping.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through tests on typical singularity-shift and secular-term problems,with conventional PINNs in comparison.展开更多
In the process of minimizing the training loss of machine learning model pursuit,it is very easy to inadvertently remember sensitive private data,which leads to data reconstruction,member reasoning attacks and other s...In the process of minimizing the training loss of machine learning model pursuit,it is very easy to inadvertently remember sensitive private data,which leads to data reconstruction,member reasoning attacks and other security problems.In order to mitigate these risks,differentiated privacy has become a key standard for privacy preserving machine learning.The classical differential privacy depth learning algorithm,differential privacy stochastic gradient descent(DP-SGD),that adapts the standard stochastic gradient descent(SGD)algorithm to incorporate differential privacy,ensuring that the trained model doesn’t reveal sensitive information about individual training data points.However,DP-SGD has the problems of slow convergence speed and large utility loss.We propose an effective solution that is the cooperative combination of selective updating and early vertical gradient disturbance.Selective updating ensures that the training track of the model is aligned with the optimal direction,significantly accelerating convergence.Subsequently,the application of vertical gradient perturbation ensures that the model with significantly improved accuracy can be achieved even under strict privacy constraints(small privacy budget).Through theoretical analysis and a large number of experiments,this paper proves that DP-VGPSU has superior performance in convergence speed and accuracy.展开更多
Optical-based microwave electric field detection has emerged as a research hotspot due to its advantages of high spatial resolution and immunity to electromagnetic interference.However,existing techniques are often li...Optical-based microwave electric field detection has emerged as a research hotspot due to its advantages of high spatial resolution and immunity to electromagnetic interference.However,existing techniques are often limited by their sensitivity or reliance on specialized fluorescent materials.Gold nanobipyramids(AuNBPs),serving as nanoprobes with tip-enhancement effects and a well-defined three-level system,exhibit high sensitivity in their two-photon photoluminescence(TPPL)process to phase perturbations and plasmon resonance changes induced by microwave fields.By establishing a quantitative mapping model between microwave intensity and TPPL signal strength,we achieved an absolute measurement of microwave field strength with a spatial resolution that breaks the 100-nanometer barrier.Through comparative analysis of microwave responses under different pulse delays,we reveal that the microwave field primarily modulates TPPL intensity by interfering with the coherent excitation pathway.The most significant response of TPPL intensity to microwave power was observed near the zero-delay point,where the quantum coherence is strongest.展开更多
The practical predictability of hail precipitation rates is significantly influenced by initial meteorological perturbations,stemming from various uncertainty sources.This study thoroughly assessed the predictability ...The practical predictability of hail precipitation rates is significantly influenced by initial meteorological perturbations,stemming from various uncertainty sources.This study thoroughly assessed the predictability of hail precipitation rates in both climatologically and flow-dependent perturbed ensembles(CEns and FEns).These ensembles incorporated initial meteorological uncertainties derived separately from two operational ensembles.Leveraging the Weather Research and Forecasting model,we conducted cloud-resolving simulations of an idealized hailstorm.The practical predictability of hail responded comparably to both climatological and flow-dependent uncertainties,which was revealed across the entire ensemble of 50 members.However,a notable difference emerged when comparing the peak hail precipitation rates among the top 10 and bottom 10 members.From a thermodynamic perspective,the primary source of uncertainty in hail precipitation lay in the significant variations in temperature stratification,particularly at-20℃and-40℃.On the microphysical front,perturbations within CEns generated greater uncertainty in the process of rainwater collection by hail,contributing significantly to the microphysical growth mechanisms of hail.Furthermore,the findings reveal a stronger dependency of hail precipitation uncertainty on thermodynamic perturbations compared to kinematic perturbations.These insights enhance the comprehension of the practical predictability of hail and contribute significantly to the understanding of ensemble forecasting for hail events.展开更多
Hydraulic fracturing then fluid circulation in enhanced geothermal system(EGS)reservoirs have been shown to induce seismicity remote from the stimulation-potentially generated by the distal projection of thermoporoela...Hydraulic fracturing then fluid circulation in enhanced geothermal system(EGS)reservoirs have been shown to induce seismicity remote from the stimulation-potentially generated by the distal projection of thermoporoelastic stresses.We explore this phenomenon by evaluating stress perturbations resulting from stimulation of a single stage of hydraulic fracturing that is followed by thermal depletion of a prismatic zone adjacent to the hydraulic fracture.We use Coulomb failure stress to assess the effect of resulting stress perturbations on instability on adjacent critically-stressed faults.Results show that hydraulic fracturing in a single stage is capable of creating stress perturbations at distances to 1000 m that reach 10-5-10-4MPa.At a closer distance,the magnitude of stress perturbations increases even further.The stress perturbation induced by temperature depletion could also reach 10-3-10-2MPa within 1000 m-much higher than that by hydraulic fracturing.Considering that a critical change in Coulomb failure stress for fault instability is 10-2MPa,a single stage of hydraulic fracturing and thermal drawdown are capable of reactivating critically-stressed faults at distances within 200 m and 1000 m,respectively.These results have important implications for understanding the distribution and magnitudes of stress perturbations driven by thermoporoelastic effects and the associated seismicity during the simulation and early production of EGS reservoirs.展开更多
Combined with elastic network model(ENM),the perturbation response scanning(PRS)has emerged as a robust technique for pinpointing allosteric interactions within proteins.Here,we proposed the PRS analysis of drug-targe...Combined with elastic network model(ENM),the perturbation response scanning(PRS)has emerged as a robust technique for pinpointing allosteric interactions within proteins.Here,we proposed the PRS analysis of drug-target networks(DTNs),which could provide a promising avenue in network medicine.We demonstrated the utility of the method by introducing a deep learning and network perturbation-based framework,for drug repurposing of multiple sclerosis(MS).First,the MS comorbidity network was constructed by performing a random walk with restart algorithm based on shared genes between MS and other diseases as seed nodes.Then,based on topological analysis and functional annotation,the neurotransmission module was identified as the“therapeutic module”of MS.Further,perturbation scores of drugs on the module were calculated by constructing the DTN and introducing the PRS analysis,giving a list of repurposable drugs for MS.Mechanism of action analysis both at pathway and structural levels screened dihydroergocristine as a candidate drug of MS by targeting a serotonin receptor of se-rotonin 2B receptor(HTR2B).Finally,we established a cuprizone-induced chronic mouse model to evaluate the alteration of HTR2B in mouse brain regions and observed that HTR2B was significantly reduced in the cuprizone-induced mouse cortex.These findings proved that the network perturbation modeling is a promising avenue for drug repurposing of MS.As a useful systematic method,our approach can also be used to discover the new molecular mechanism and provide effective candidate drugs for other complex diseases.展开更多
The Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation(CNOP)method works essentially for conventional numerical models;however,it is not fully applicable to the commonly used deep-learning forecasting models(DLMs),which typic...The Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation(CNOP)method works essentially for conventional numerical models;however,it is not fully applicable to the commonly used deep-learning forecasting models(DLMs),which typically input multiple time slices without deterministic dependencies.In this study,the CNOP for DLMs(CNOP-DL)is proposed as an extension of the CNOP in the time dimension.This method is useful for targeted observations as it indicates not only where but also when to deploy additional observations.The CNOP-DL is calculated for a forecast case of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea with a DLM.The CNOP-DL identifies a sensitive area northwest of Palawan Island at the last input time.Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the sensitive area identified by the CNOP-DL is effective not only for the CNOP-DL itself,but also for random perturbations.Therefore,this approach holds potential for guiding practical field campaigns.Notably,forecast errors are more sensitive to time than to location in the sensitive area.It highlights the crucial role of identifying the time of the sensitive area in targeted observations,corroborating the usefulness of extending the CNOP in the time dimension.展开更多
In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require e...In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.展开更多
A direct renormalization method without spectrum theory is proposed to compute the perturbation of solitons in nearly integrable systems with multiple small parameters.The evolution equations of these parameters in un...A direct renormalization method without spectrum theory is proposed to compute the perturbation of solitons in nearly integrable systems with multiple small parameters.The evolution equations of these parameters in unperturbed solitons are obtained as the renormalization equations.Compared with routine methods,the advantages of the renormalization method are that the formulation is only based on a clear and simple mathematical theory,namely the Taylor expansion at a general point,the secular terms in perturbation series are eliminated automatically,any priori physical assumption on the form of the solution is avoided,multiple time scales arise naturally from the final naive perturbation expansion,and the Green’s function and corresponding spectrum of linear differential operators are not needed.As applications,the perturbation of solitons for KDV,MKdV and nonlinear Schrodinger equations,are obtained.展开更多
Pangu-Weather(PGW),trained with deep learning–based methods(DL-based model),shows significant potential for global medium-range weather forecasting.However,the interpretability and trustworthiness of global medium-ra...Pangu-Weather(PGW),trained with deep learning–based methods(DL-based model),shows significant potential for global medium-range weather forecasting.However,the interpretability and trustworthiness of global medium-range DLbased models raise many concerns.This study uses the singular vector(SV)initial condition(IC)perturbations of the China Meteorological Administration's Global Ensemble Prediction System(CMA-GEPS)as inputs of PGW for global ensemble prediction(PGW-GEPS)to investigate the ensemble forecast sensitivity of DL-based models to the IC errors.Meanwhile,the CMA-GEPS forecasts serve as benchmarks for comparison and verification.The spatial structures and prediction performance of PGW-GEPS are discussed and compared to CMA-GEPS based on seasonal ensemble experiments.The results show that the ensemble mean and dispersion of PGW-GEPS are similar to those of CMA-GEPS in the medium range but with smoother forecasts.Meanwhile,PGW-GEPS is sensitive to the SV IC perturbations.Specifically,PGWGEPS can generate realistic ensemble spread beyond the sub-synoptic scale(wavenumbers≤64)with SV IC perturbations.However,PGW's kinetic energy is significantly reduced at the sub-synoptic scale,leading to error growth behavior inconsistent with CMA-GEPS at that scale.Thus,this behavior indicates that the effective resolution of PGW-GEPS is beyond the sub-synoptic scale and is limited to predicting mesoscale atmospheric motions.In terms of the global mediumrange ensemble prediction performance,the probability prediction skill of PGW-GEPS is comparable to CMA-GEPS in the extratropic when they use the same IC perturbations.That means that PGW has a general ability to provide skillful global medium-range forecasts with different ICs from numerical weather prediction.展开更多
This study rigorously examines the interplay between viscous dissipation,magnetic effects,and thermal radiation on the flow behavior of a non-Newtonian Carreau squeezed fluid passing by a sensor surface within a micro...This study rigorously examines the interplay between viscous dissipation,magnetic effects,and thermal radiation on the flow behavior of a non-Newtonian Carreau squeezed fluid passing by a sensor surface within a micro cantilever channel,aiming to deepen our understanding of heat transport processes in complex fluid dynamics scenarios.The primary objective is to elucidate how physical operational parameters influence both the velocity of fluid flow and its temperature distribution,utilizing a comprehensive numerical approach.Employing a combination of mathematical modeling techniques,including similarity transformation,this investigation transforms complex partial differential equations into more manageable ordinary ones,subsequently solving them using the homotopy perturbation method.By analyzing the obtained solutions and presenting them graphically,alongside detailed analysis,the study sheds light on the pivotal role of significant parameters in shaping fluid movement and energy distribution.Noteworthy observations reveal a substantial increase in fluid velocity with escalating magnetic parameters,while conversely,a contrasting trend emerges in the temperature distribution,highlighting the intricate relationship between magnetic effects,flow dynamics,and thermal behavior in non-Newtonian fluids.Further,the suction velocity enhance both the local skin friction and Nusselt numbers,whereas theWeissenberg number reduces them,opposite to the effect of the power-law index.展开更多
A large number of runaway electrons(REs)generated during disruption can cause significant damage to next-generation large-scale tokamaks.The influence of three-dimensional(3D)helical magnetic perturbations on the supp...A large number of runaway electrons(REs)generated during disruption can cause significant damage to next-generation large-scale tokamaks.The influence of three-dimensional(3D)helical magnetic perturbations on the suppression of RE generation was explored using a set of 3D helical coils in J-TEXT tokamak,which can excite m=-2/2 helical magnetic perturbations.Experimental evidence shows that the-2/2 magnetic perturbations caused by the opposite coil current direct plasma toward the high-field side,simultaneously enhancing the magnetic fluctuations,which would enhance the radial loss of REs and even prevent RE generation.On the other hand,-2/2 magnetic perturbations can also reduce the cooling time during the disruption phase and generate a population of high-energy REs,which can interact with high-frequency magnetic fluctuations and in turn suppress RE generation.The critical helical coil current was found to correlate with electron density,requiring higher coil currents at higher densities.According to the statistical analysis of RE generation at different electron densities,the applied-2/2 magnetic perturbations can increase the magnetic fluctuations to the same level at lower electron densities,which can decrease the threshold electron density for RE suppression.This will be beneficial for RE mitigation in future large tokamak devices.展开更多
Recent advances in wearable devices have enabled large-scale collection of sensor data across healthcare,sports,and other domains but this has also raised critical privacy concerns,especially under tightening regulati...Recent advances in wearable devices have enabled large-scale collection of sensor data across healthcare,sports,and other domains but this has also raised critical privacy concerns,especially under tightening regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR),which explicitly restrict the processing of data that can re-identify individuals.Although existing anonymization approaches such as the AnonymizingAutoEncoder(AAE)can reduce the risk of re-identification,they often introduce substantial waveform distortions and fail to preserve information beyond a single classification task(e.g.,human activity recognition).This study proposes a novel sensor data anonymization method based onAdversarial Perturbations(AP)to address these limitations.By generating minimal yet targeted noise,the proposed method significantly degrades the accuracy of identity classification while retaining essential features for multiple tasks such as activity,gender,or device-position recognition.Moreover,to enhance robustness against frequency-domain analysis,additional models trained on transformed(e.g.,short-time Fourier transform(STFT))representations are incorporated into the perturbation process.A multi-task formulation is introduced that selectively suppresses person-identifying features while reinforcing those relevant to other desired tasks without retraining large autoencoder-based architectures.The proposed framework is,to our knowledge,the first AP-based anonymization technique that(i)defends simultaneously against time-and frequency-domain attacks and(ii)allows per-task trade-off control on a single forward-back-propagation run,enabling real-time,on-device deployment on commodity hardware.On three public datasets,the proposed method reduces person-identification accuracy from 60–90%to near-chance levels(≤5%)while preserving the original activity-recognition F1 both in the time and frequency domains.Compared with the baseline AAE,the proposed method improves downstream task F1 and lowers waveform mean squared error,demonstrating a better privacy-utility trade-off without additional model retraining.These findings underscore the effectiveness and flexibility of AP in privacy-preserving sensor-data processing,offering a practical solution that safeguards user identity while retaining rich,application-critical information.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2204400)。
摘要This paper introduces a small perturbation frequency domain thermal analysis model based on the nonlinear dynamics model.The model can be applied to study the high-precision temperature control of thermal systems under low-frequency complex perturbations.The frequency domain characteristics of the space gravitational wave detection satellite are analyzed,and a multi-channel perturbation structure is established.The effects of three kinds of heat flow perturbations,including external heat flow,power generation power,and waste heat of electronic equipment,on the temperature through five transfer paths are investigated.It has been discovered that the waste heat from electronic equipment inside the satellite has the most noticeable effect on the temperature power spectral density of temperature-sensitive optical loads,serving as the primary factor influencing thermal stability.For complex noise signals,the small perturbation analysis method can decompose the different frequency components or ranges,reducing the problem to linearized analysis and simplifying complex calculations.The results indicate that the temperature power spectral density decreases as signal frequency increases,with low-frequency signals exerting a greater influence on temperature stability.The small perturbation analysis method is a novel and effective method for temperature control of space thermal systems,with high accuracy and stability.
基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024B1515520001)GBA Meteorological S&T Collaborative Research Project(GHMA2024Y02)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KCXFZ20240903093759004)。
摘要To develop a novel moist physics parameterization scheme,this study analyzed Typhoon Mujigae in the South China Sea.The China Meteorological Administration’s Tropical Region Atmospheric Model System,a regional numerical weather prediction model,was run using alternately activated and deactivated conventional moist physics parameterization schemes.The difference between the outputs of these runs formed a dataset used to train a fully connected neural network.This network predicts the temporal tendencies of potential temperature and specific humidity,representing the heating and drying effects of moist physical processes.A perturbation forecast approach was employed to isolate these moist physical effects from the influence of large-scale dynamical processes on heat and moisture transport.The results demonstrate that the trained neural network scheme successfully replicates the heating and drying features,primarily latent heat release,around the typhoon center.It exhibited spatial distributions of heat sources and moisture sinks comparable to those of the conventional scheme.The analysis revealed a key characteristic of typhoon convection:heat sources correspond to moisture sinks.Vertically averaged moisture sinks exceed the heat sources,indicating an excess latent heat release that necessitates balancing by radiative cooling.This study confirmed that a deep-learning moist physics scheme can effectively emulate traditional parameterization schemes,particularly for typhoons.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12461016)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant Nos.252300420353+2 种基金252300421973252300421974262300421892)。
摘要Soft Hilbert spaces(S-Hilbert spaces for short)play an important role in the field of mathematical modeling and decision-making,which has received widespread attention.This article addresses the dual soft frame(s-frame for short)theory in S-Hilbert spaces.We introduce the notion of generalized dual s-frames(dual s-frames and approximately dual s-frames)in SHilbert spaces and our motivation is to seek their applications in decision-making.We prove that a pair of generalized dual s-frames may induce a pair of dual s-frames,and obtain that generalized dual s-frames have a preservation effect under the action of a pair of invertible operators.We propose a method for constructing more generalized dual s-frames from known ones,and find that the best generalized dual of an s-frame is the canonical dual.Finally,we investigate the perturbation-stability properties of generalized dual s-frames.
摘要The recent Nobel prizes in Physics to Giorgio Parisi,Geoffrey Hinton,and John Hopfield,officially proclaimed a deep epistemological change:the unity of different sciences is no more considered to stem from the fact that‘any entity is made by the same basic bricks’but on the recognition than‘any entity can be represented as a set of mutually interacting parts’.That is to say that any system[1]can be formalized as a‘network of interactions among its elements’.
基金supported by the NSFC(12161044)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224ACB218001,20224BCD41001).
摘要In this paper,we investigate the existence of weak solutions for a class of critical quasilinear problems involving an operator of mixed order obtained by the sum of a classical p-Laplacian and a fractional p-Laplacian,and with logarithmic perturbation termμ∣u∣q-2u log∣u∣q.Forμ∈R\{0},we obtain the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial weak solutions subject to certain conditions on the exponent q and the sign of parameterμ.Due to the sign∣u∣q-2u log∣u∣qbeing uncertain,some more detailed analysis will eventually be needed.
基金Project supported by the National MCF Energy Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFE03010003,2019YFE03080500,and 2019YFE03030004)。
摘要The effect of the resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)on the turbulence transport during the edge localized mode(ELM)suppression phase is investigated by the BOUT++six-field two-fluid simulations.Based on the edge plasma profiles during the ELM suppression phase in EAST experiment with n=4 RMP(n is the toroidal mode number),the plasma response field is calculated using CLTx and introduced in the BOUT++simulation.Compared with the case without RMP,the simulated flux-surface averaged radial particle flux at the position of peak pressure gradient increases to~1.5 times for the case with RMP,which is close to the estimated particle flux according to the experimental plasma profiles.It implies that the turbulence transport could have a dominating contribution to the radial transport for maintaining the pedestal density profile during ELM suppression phase after density pump-out,especially when the stochasticity of the magnetic field is not significant in the pedestal region.The increase in the radial particle flux for the case with RMP is due to the significant increase in electric drift flux,which is partly offset by the magnetic flutter flux.The enhancement of the turbulent electric drift flux is mainly due to the enhanced density and electric potential perturbations.The change in the phase difference between them further enhances the contributions of the medium-n modes and suppresses the contribution of the low-n modes.Further complexity-entropy analysis indicates that the turbulence is more stochastic,which could be related to the enhanced mode-mode coupling due to RMP effect.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62303375)support was provided by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2024CY2-GJHX-43,2024CY2-GJHX-49)+1 种基金the Key Scientific Research Program of Education Department of Shaanxi Province under Grant Nos.24JR110,24JR111in part by the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.
摘要To address the issue of insufficient transferability of existing adversarial example generation methods for vision-language pre-training(VLP)models,this paper proposes an adversarial example transfer method for VLP models based on negative sample feature perturbation.First,a novel cross-modal collaborative perturbation strategy is constructed.By introducing negative samples into the cross-modal perturbation mechanism,the strategy explores more perturbation directions,breaks the original modal alignment constraints and avoids the local focus of adversarial perturbations.Then,to reduce the computational cost,a dynamic threshold attack strategy is built to measure the modal similarity of the generated adversarial examples.Finally,with the help of a multi-modal fusion encoder,a cross-modal fusion semantic attack(CFSA)module is designed.This module extracts the middle-layer features of image-text pairs and improves the transfer attack effect of adversarial examples.The proposed attack method is experimentally evaluated on the Flickr30K and MSCOCO datasets.The results show that for the adversarial examples generated on the Flickr30K dataset,the attack success rate(ASR)of the proposed method reaches up to 95.3%on multiple black-box models;for those generated on the MSCOCO dataset,the maximum attack success rate on multiple black-box models reaches 70.17%.Compared with the current methods,the adversarial examples generated by the proposed method achieve better attack performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Basic Science Center Program for“Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”(Grant No.11988102)Lei Zhang was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12202451).
摘要Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have recently emerged as a powerful tool to solve differential equations for nonlinear mechanics.However,PINNs struggle with singular perturbation problems due to their locally abrupt behavior and singularities.The Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo(PLK)method has been efficiently used to address these problems by applying perturbation expansions to both dependent and independent variables.This paper proposes a combination of the PLK method and PINNs,termed PLK-PINNs.The PLK-PINNs employ a parametric expression through two neural networks:one representing the mapping from parametric variables to independent variables,and the other approximating the solution of dependent variables with respect to parametric variables.Moreover,an auxiliary loss term is proposed to constrain the Jacobian determinant of the mapping within a constant sign interval to ensure the bijectivity of the mapping.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through tests on typical singularity-shift and secular-term problems,with conventional PINNs in comparison.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds in Heilongjiang Provincial Universities under Grant(145209124).
摘要In the process of minimizing the training loss of machine learning model pursuit,it is very easy to inadvertently remember sensitive private data,which leads to data reconstruction,member reasoning attacks and other security problems.In order to mitigate these risks,differentiated privacy has become a key standard for privacy preserving machine learning.The classical differential privacy depth learning algorithm,differential privacy stochastic gradient descent(DP-SGD),that adapts the standard stochastic gradient descent(SGD)algorithm to incorporate differential privacy,ensuring that the trained model doesn’t reveal sensitive information about individual training data points.However,DP-SGD has the problems of slow convergence speed and large utility loss.We propose an effective solution that is the cooperative combination of selective updating and early vertical gradient disturbance.Selective updating ensures that the training track of the model is aligned with the optimal direction,significantly accelerating convergence.Subsequently,the application of vertical gradient perturbation ensures that the model with significantly improved accuracy can be achieved even under strict privacy constraints(small privacy budget).Through theoretical analysis and a large number of experiments,this paper proves that DP-VGPSU has superior performance in convergence speed and accuracy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.:62205190)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Project No.:2022M722003 and 2024T170536)+2 种基金Shanxi Basic Research Program(Project No.:202203021212100)Shanxi Bethune Hospital Scientific Research Startup Fund(Project No.:2021RC032)Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(Project No.:YDZJSX2025D072).
摘要Optical-based microwave electric field detection has emerged as a research hotspot due to its advantages of high spatial resolution and immunity to electromagnetic interference.However,existing techniques are often limited by their sensitivity or reliance on specialized fluorescent materials.Gold nanobipyramids(AuNBPs),serving as nanoprobes with tip-enhancement effects and a well-defined three-level system,exhibit high sensitivity in their two-photon photoluminescence(TPPL)process to phase perturbations and plasmon resonance changes induced by microwave fields.By establishing a quantitative mapping model between microwave intensity and TPPL signal strength,we achieved an absolute measurement of microwave field strength with a spatial resolution that breaks the 100-nanometer barrier.Through comparative analysis of microwave responses under different pulse delays,we reveal that the microwave field primarily modulates TPPL intensity by interfering with the coherent excitation pathway.The most significant response of TPPL intensity to microwave power was observed near the zero-delay point,where the quantum coherence is strongest.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42005005 and 42030607)the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024JC-YBQN-0248)+2 种基金the Education Department of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.23JK0686)a Xi'an Science and Technology Project(Grant No.22GXFW0131)the Young Talent fund of the University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi(Grant No.20210706)。
摘要The practical predictability of hail precipitation rates is significantly influenced by initial meteorological perturbations,stemming from various uncertainty sources.This study thoroughly assessed the predictability of hail precipitation rates in both climatologically and flow-dependent perturbed ensembles(CEns and FEns).These ensembles incorporated initial meteorological uncertainties derived separately from two operational ensembles.Leveraging the Weather Research and Forecasting model,we conducted cloud-resolving simulations of an idealized hailstorm.The practical predictability of hail responded comparably to both climatological and flow-dependent uncertainties,which was revealed across the entire ensemble of 50 members.However,a notable difference emerged when comparing the peak hail precipitation rates among the top 10 and bottom 10 members.From a thermodynamic perspective,the primary source of uncertainty in hail precipitation lay in the significant variations in temperature stratification,particularly at-20℃and-40℃.On the microphysical front,perturbations within CEns generated greater uncertainty in the process of rainwater collection by hail,contributing significantly to the microphysical growth mechanisms of hail.Furthermore,the findings reveal a stronger dependency of hail precipitation uncertainty on thermodynamic perturbations compared to kinematic perturbations.These insights enhance the comprehension of the practical predictability of hail and contribute significantly to the understanding of ensemble forecasting for hail events.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42107163 and 42320104003)support from the G.Albert Shoemaker endowment.
摘要Hydraulic fracturing then fluid circulation in enhanced geothermal system(EGS)reservoirs have been shown to induce seismicity remote from the stimulation-potentially generated by the distal projection of thermoporoelastic stresses.We explore this phenomenon by evaluating stress perturbations resulting from stimulation of a single stage of hydraulic fracturing that is followed by thermal depletion of a prismatic zone adjacent to the hydraulic fracture.We use Coulomb failure stress to assess the effect of resulting stress perturbations on instability on adjacent critically-stressed faults.Results show that hydraulic fracturing in a single stage is capable of creating stress perturbations at distances to 1000 m that reach 10-5-10-4MPa.At a closer distance,the magnitude of stress perturbations increases even further.The stress perturbation induced by temperature depletion could also reach 10-3-10-2MPa within 1000 m-much higher than that by hydraulic fracturing.Considering that a critical change in Coulomb failure stress for fault instability is 10-2MPa,a single stage of hydraulic fracturing and thermal drawdown are capable of reactivating critically-stressed faults at distances within 200 m and 1000 m,respectively.These results have important implications for understanding the distribution and magnitudes of stress perturbations driven by thermoporoelastic effects and the associated seismicity during the simulation and early production of EGS reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:32271292,31872723,32200778,and 22377089)the Jiangsu Students Innovation and Entrepre-neurship Training Program,China(Program No.:202210285081Z)+6 种基金the Project of MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology,China(Project No.:JYN202404)Proj-ect Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Project No.:BK20220494)Suzhou Medical and Health Technology Innovation Project,China(Grant No.:SKY2022107)the Clinical Research Center of Neuro-logical Disease in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,China(Grant No.:ND2022A04)State Key Laboratory of Drug Research(Grant No.:SKLDR-2023-KF-05)Jiangsu Shuang-chuang Program for Doctor,Young Science Talents Promotion Project of Jiangsu Science and Technology Association(Program No.:TJ-2023-019)Young Science Talents Promotion Project of Suzhou Science and Technology Association,Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases,and startup funding(Grant Nos.:NH21500221,NH21500122,and NH21500123)to Qifei Cong.
摘要Combined with elastic network model(ENM),the perturbation response scanning(PRS)has emerged as a robust technique for pinpointing allosteric interactions within proteins.Here,we proposed the PRS analysis of drug-target networks(DTNs),which could provide a promising avenue in network medicine.We demonstrated the utility of the method by introducing a deep learning and network perturbation-based framework,for drug repurposing of multiple sclerosis(MS).First,the MS comorbidity network was constructed by performing a random walk with restart algorithm based on shared genes between MS and other diseases as seed nodes.Then,based on topological analysis and functional annotation,the neurotransmission module was identified as the“therapeutic module”of MS.Further,perturbation scores of drugs on the module were calculated by constructing the DTN and introducing the PRS analysis,giving a list of repurposable drugs for MS.Mechanism of action analysis both at pathway and structural levels screened dihydroergocristine as a candidate drug of MS by targeting a serotonin receptor of se-rotonin 2B receptor(HTR2B).Finally,we established a cuprizone-induced chronic mouse model to evaluate the alteration of HTR2B in mouse brain regions and observed that HTR2B was significantly reduced in the cuprizone-induced mouse cortex.These findings proved that the network perturbation modeling is a promising avenue for drug repurposing of MS.As a useful systematic method,our approach can also be used to discover the new molecular mechanism and provide effective candidate drugs for other complex diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42288101, 42375062, 42476192, 42275158)the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (Earth Lab)the GHfund C (202407036001)
摘要The Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation(CNOP)method works essentially for conventional numerical models;however,it is not fully applicable to the commonly used deep-learning forecasting models(DLMs),which typically input multiple time slices without deterministic dependencies.In this study,the CNOP for DLMs(CNOP-DL)is proposed as an extension of the CNOP in the time dimension.This method is useful for targeted observations as it indicates not only where but also when to deploy additional observations.The CNOP-DL is calculated for a forecast case of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea with a DLM.The CNOP-DL identifies a sensitive area northwest of Palawan Island at the last input time.Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the sensitive area identified by the CNOP-DL is effective not only for the CNOP-DL itself,but also for random perturbations.Therefore,this approach holds potential for guiding practical field campaigns.Notably,forecast errors are more sensitive to time than to location in the sensitive area.It highlights the crucial role of identifying the time of the sensitive area in targeted observations,corroborating the usefulness of extending the CNOP in the time dimension.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62372395in part by the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province under Grant No.24A0105in part by the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20230546).
摘要In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.
基金supported by the Special Program for Ability Promotion of the Basic and Scientific Research(Grant No.2023JCYJ-01).
摘要A direct renormalization method without spectrum theory is proposed to compute the perturbation of solitons in nearly integrable systems with multiple small parameters.The evolution equations of these parameters in unperturbed solitons are obtained as the renormalization equations.Compared with routine methods,the advantages of the renormalization method are that the formulation is only based on a clear and simple mathematical theory,namely the Taylor expansion at a general point,the secular terms in perturbation series are eliminated automatically,any priori physical assumption on the form of the solution is avoided,multiple time scales arise naturally from the final naive perturbation expansion,and the Green’s function and corresponding spectrum of linear differential operators are not needed.As applications,the perturbation of solitons for KDV,MKdV and nonlinear Schrodinger equations,are obtained.
基金supported by the joint funds of the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(NSFC)(Grant No.U2242213)the funds of the NSFC(Grant No.42341209)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2021YFC3000902)the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars(Grant No.42205166)the Joint Research Project for Meteorological Capacity Improvement(Grant No.22NLTSQ008)。
摘要Pangu-Weather(PGW),trained with deep learning–based methods(DL-based model),shows significant potential for global medium-range weather forecasting.However,the interpretability and trustworthiness of global medium-range DLbased models raise many concerns.This study uses the singular vector(SV)initial condition(IC)perturbations of the China Meteorological Administration's Global Ensemble Prediction System(CMA-GEPS)as inputs of PGW for global ensemble prediction(PGW-GEPS)to investigate the ensemble forecast sensitivity of DL-based models to the IC errors.Meanwhile,the CMA-GEPS forecasts serve as benchmarks for comparison and verification.The spatial structures and prediction performance of PGW-GEPS are discussed and compared to CMA-GEPS based on seasonal ensemble experiments.The results show that the ensemble mean and dispersion of PGW-GEPS are similar to those of CMA-GEPS in the medium range but with smoother forecasts.Meanwhile,PGW-GEPS is sensitive to the SV IC perturbations.Specifically,PGWGEPS can generate realistic ensemble spread beyond the sub-synoptic scale(wavenumbers≤64)with SV IC perturbations.However,PGW's kinetic energy is significantly reduced at the sub-synoptic scale,leading to error growth behavior inconsistent with CMA-GEPS at that scale.Thus,this behavior indicates that the effective resolution of PGW-GEPS is beyond the sub-synoptic scale and is limited to predicting mesoscale atmospheric motions.In terms of the global mediumrange ensemble prediction performance,the probability prediction skill of PGW-GEPS is comparable to CMA-GEPS in the extratropic when they use the same IC perturbations.That means that PGW has a general ability to provide skillful global medium-range forecasts with different ICs from numerical weather prediction.
摘要This study rigorously examines the interplay between viscous dissipation,magnetic effects,and thermal radiation on the flow behavior of a non-Newtonian Carreau squeezed fluid passing by a sensor surface within a micro cantilever channel,aiming to deepen our understanding of heat transport processes in complex fluid dynamics scenarios.The primary objective is to elucidate how physical operational parameters influence both the velocity of fluid flow and its temperature distribution,utilizing a comprehensive numerical approach.Employing a combination of mathematical modeling techniques,including similarity transformation,this investigation transforms complex partial differential equations into more manageable ordinary ones,subsequently solving them using the homotopy perturbation method.By analyzing the obtained solutions and presenting them graphically,alongside detailed analysis,the study sheds light on the pivotal role of significant parameters in shaping fluid movement and energy distribution.Noteworthy observations reveal a substantial increase in fluid velocity with escalating magnetic parameters,while conversely,a contrasting trend emerges in the temperature distribution,highlighting the intricate relationship between magnetic effects,flow dynamics,and thermal behavior in non-Newtonian fluids.Further,the suction velocity enhance both the local skin friction and Nusselt numbers,whereas theWeissenberg number reduces them,opposite to the effect of the power-law index.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R&D Program of China (Nos.2018YFE0309103 and 2019YFE03010004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.12475222,12205122,and 51821005)Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects (No.2022EHB003)。
摘要A large number of runaway electrons(REs)generated during disruption can cause significant damage to next-generation large-scale tokamaks.The influence of three-dimensional(3D)helical magnetic perturbations on the suppression of RE generation was explored using a set of 3D helical coils in J-TEXT tokamak,which can excite m=-2/2 helical magnetic perturbations.Experimental evidence shows that the-2/2 magnetic perturbations caused by the opposite coil current direct plasma toward the high-field side,simultaneously enhancing the magnetic fluctuations,which would enhance the radial loss of REs and even prevent RE generation.On the other hand,-2/2 magnetic perturbations can also reduce the cooling time during the disruption phase and generate a population of high-energy REs,which can interact with high-frequency magnetic fluctuations and in turn suppress RE generation.The critical helical coil current was found to correlate with electron density,requiring higher coil currents at higher densities.According to the statistical analysis of RE generation at different electron densities,the applied-2/2 magnetic perturbations can increase the magnetic fluctuations to the same level at lower electron densities,which can decrease the threshold electron density for RE suppression.This will be beneficial for RE mitigation in future large tokamak devices.
基金supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)under Grants 23K11164.
摘要Recent advances in wearable devices have enabled large-scale collection of sensor data across healthcare,sports,and other domains but this has also raised critical privacy concerns,especially under tightening regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR),which explicitly restrict the processing of data that can re-identify individuals.Although existing anonymization approaches such as the AnonymizingAutoEncoder(AAE)can reduce the risk of re-identification,they often introduce substantial waveform distortions and fail to preserve information beyond a single classification task(e.g.,human activity recognition).This study proposes a novel sensor data anonymization method based onAdversarial Perturbations(AP)to address these limitations.By generating minimal yet targeted noise,the proposed method significantly degrades the accuracy of identity classification while retaining essential features for multiple tasks such as activity,gender,or device-position recognition.Moreover,to enhance robustness against frequency-domain analysis,additional models trained on transformed(e.g.,short-time Fourier transform(STFT))representations are incorporated into the perturbation process.A multi-task formulation is introduced that selectively suppresses person-identifying features while reinforcing those relevant to other desired tasks without retraining large autoencoder-based architectures.The proposed framework is,to our knowledge,the first AP-based anonymization technique that(i)defends simultaneously against time-and frequency-domain attacks and(ii)allows per-task trade-off control on a single forward-back-propagation run,enabling real-time,on-device deployment on commodity hardware.On three public datasets,the proposed method reduces person-identification accuracy from 60–90%to near-chance levels(≤5%)while preserving the original activity-recognition F1 both in the time and frequency domains.Compared with the baseline AAE,the proposed method improves downstream task F1 and lowers waveform mean squared error,demonstrating a better privacy-utility trade-off without additional model retraining.These findings underscore the effectiveness and flexibility of AP in privacy-preserving sensor-data processing,offering a practical solution that safeguards user identity while retaining rich,application-critical information.