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Deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining:A review of cost reduction and efficiency technologies 认领 引用
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作者 Lixin Xu Xiu Li +1 位作者 Yajiao Liu Zhichao Hong 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第6期1121-1147,共27页
Existing reviews on deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining focus only on structural optimization of individual equipment,lacking a systematic analysis of full-chain key technologies oriented to the core dual goals of“co... Existing reviews on deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining focus only on structural optimization of individual equipment,lacking a systematic analysis of full-chain key technologies oriented to the core dual goals of“cost reduction and efficiency enhancement”,which cannot support the commercialization process.To fill this gap,this paper systematically sorts out the technological progress and bottlenecks in three core stages(seabed mining vehicle mobility,mineral collection,and ore lifting)based on the full-chain technical framework of“precise seabed nodule collection-long-distance stable transport”,and explores feasible cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing solutions.The results show that the unique soft sediment properties in nodule-rich areas(water content 312%-577%,internal friction angle<8°,undrained shear strength 4.0-15.5 kPa)are the primary factors limiting equipment stability.Optimized sharp triangular track shoes increase maximum traction by 120%under typical working conditions(15%slip ratio,0.6 m/s travel speed),while thick triangular ones achieve 70.4%higher traction with 18%weight reduction.Hydraulic collection dominates current technologies,with the Coanda effect scheme reaching 87%maximum efficiency,and multi-stage centrifugal hydraulic lifting is the engineering focus.Innovatively,the synergy of mining and carbon sequestration increases unit revenue by 606.3%and reduces CO2 sequestration cost by 62.8%,while the ORC system for wastewater energy recovery covers 15%-20%of total mining electricity demand.Core commercialization obstacles include uncoordinated mobility-collection systems,unstable pipeline transport,poor material adaptability to extreme conditions,and high costs.This paper clarifies key breakthrough directions for full-chain optimization,providing a systematic framework and technical reference for the industrialization of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining technologies. 展开更多
关键词 Deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining Mobility of deep-sea mining vehicles Hydraulic collection of polymetallic nodules Ore lifting systems Cost reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies
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Analysis of critical thresholds for environmental impacts of deep-sea mining plumes in polymetallic nodule areas 认领 引用
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作者 Xueming Wang Xuebao He +1 位作者 Juan Yang Jianxin Xia 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第3期1-21,共21页
The limited understanding of deep-sea environments has led to considerable attention regarding the potential environmental impacts of deep-sea mining.Legally regulations for deep-sea mining activities are urgently bei... The limited understanding of deep-sea environments has led to considerable attention regarding the potential environmental impacts of deep-sea mining.Legally regulations for deep-sea mining activities are urgently being formulated to minimize the environmental impacts for the upcoming commercial mining.Environmental impact assessment,as a critical foundation for the development of management systems,require comprehensive understanding and accurate information of the deep-sea ecosystem.However,the thresholds of environmental impact indicators are yet to be determined.This paper systematically summarizes the research results from existing nearshore ecological management measures,marine-related engineering projects,deep-sea disturbance tests,and biological toxicology experiments of neritic organisms.By combining the adaptability of different types of coastal organisms(such as fish,corals,sponges,jellyfish,and shellfish etc.)to the sea-water with suspended particles in existing studies,and considering the similarities between shallow-sea organisms and deep-sea organisms,it can provide available scientific knowledge for the formulation of deep-sea mining thresholds.Studies shows that certain organisms in the neritic zones can be treated as indicators for weighting deep-sea ecological environments.Hence,these current thresholds can be used as a reference for the initial threshold of deep-sea mining and later provide scientific support for the subsequent improvement of environmental thresholds.The deep-sea thresholds are specifically recommended as follows:sediment concentration of 0.5-2 mg/L is considered as no significant impact;2-5 mg/L is minor impact;5-10 mg/L is a moderate impact;more than 10 mg/L is a severe impact.The threshold for redeposition thickness is recommended as follows:0-1 mm is no significant impact,1-3 mm is minor impact,3-10 mm is a moderate impact,and>10 mm is a severe impact. 展开更多
关键词 nearshore ecological management development management systemsrequire deep sea mining environmental impacts ecological impact assessment critical thresholds impact assessmentas polymetallic nodule areas
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Selective separation of Zn and Cd from arsenic-contained acid polymetallic solution 认领 引用
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作者 LIU Shu-fen YANG Sheng-hai +1 位作者 YE Long-gang CHEN Yong-ming 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第9期3285-3296,共12页
Arsenic-contained acid polymetallic solutions(AAPS)are produced from the H2SO4 leaching of dust generated during nonferrous metals pyrometallurgy such as copper,lead,and zinc.It is difficult to selectively remove As a... Arsenic-contained acid polymetallic solutions(AAPS)are produced from the H2SO4 leaching of dust generated during nonferrous metals pyrometallurgy such as copper,lead,and zinc.It is difficult to selectively remove As and efficiently recover valuable metals simultaneously.In this study,arsenic was removed from an acid polymetallic solution containing As,Cd,and Zn via scorodite formation using a hydrothermal method.First,a thermodynamic analysis of the Cd2+-Zn2+-Fe3+-AsO43−-SO42−-H2O system showed that the pH range for selective As removal as FeAsO4 was 1.8−3.9,and a higher pH will result in the precipitation of Cd in the form of Cd5H2(AsO4)4.Second,the experimental investigations,including neutralization and hydrothermal processes,showed that 88.96%As was selectively removed as scorodite with a flower cluster morphology in a hydrothermal process after adjusting the pH of AAPS to 1.0 via a neutralization process,while the total loss ratios of Cd and Zn were 2.44%and 1.13%,respectively.This study realized selective separation of Zn and Cd from AAPS by controlling the pH to avoid their loss into scorodite. 展开更多
关键词 polymetallic solution arsenic removal zinc and cadmium hydrothermal scorodite
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Newly Discovered High-Sulfidation Mineralization in the Yueyang Silver-Polymetallic Deposit,Zijinshan Ore Field,and Implications for Mineral Exploration 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Jieyi Li Wenyuan Liu +4 位作者 Hua Long Jingwen Chen Jianhuan Qiu Xiaodan Lai Guiqing Xie 《Journal of Earth Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2025年第3期1309-1314,共6页
The Zijinshan ore field located in southwestern Fujian Province,China,is a representative porphyry-epithermal ore system hosting diverse mineralization types(Mao et al.,2013).The ore field comprises of the Zijinshan h... The Zijinshan ore field located in southwestern Fujian Province,China,is a representative porphyry-epithermal ore system hosting diverse mineralization types(Mao et al.,2013).The ore field comprises of the Zijinshan highsulfidation Cu-Au deposit,the Luoboling porphyry Cu-Mo deposit,the transitional style Cu deposit(Longjiangting and Wuziqilong)and the Yueyang low-sulfidation Agpolymetallic deposit(Zhang,2013;Zhang et al.,2003) 展开更多
关键词 transitional style cu high sulfidation mineralization Zijinshan ore field Yueyang silver polymetallic deposit porphyry epithermal ore system ore field mineral exploration diverse mineralization types
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Prediction on the distribution of polymetallic nodules in the deep oceans 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Ying Liu Xiangwen Ren +2 位作者 Shijuan Yan Xuefa Shi Mengmeng Yan 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2025年第7期66-75,共10页
Polymetallic nodules,hereinafter referred to as PN,enriched with Co,Ni,Mn,and Cu,are likely to be commercially mined in the near future.These metals in PN are potential strategic alternatives for the world’s energy t... Polymetallic nodules,hereinafter referred to as PN,enriched with Co,Ni,Mn,and Cu,are likely to be commercially mined in the near future.These metals in PN are potential strategic alternatives for the world’s energy transition.Therefore,intensive studies are necessary on the spatial distribution patterns of PN in the deep sea.In this study,the distribution probabilities of PN in the Pacific,Indian and Atlantic oceans were estimated based on binary logistic regression of PN occurrence with ore-controlling factors including water depth(WD),marine sediment thickness(SedTh),Calcium carbonate(CaCO3)concentrations in surface sediments,primary productivity(PP),near bottom current velocities(BC).Furthermore,the distribution probability of PN was constrained by seafloor ages and PN sites,and subsequently,the prospects for nodules in the Pacific,Indian and Atlantic oceans were obtained.The results indicate that the low-latitude Pacific region(30°N-30°S),particularly the Clarion-Clipperton Zone and the Penrhyn Basin,is the most promising area for PN exploration. 展开更多
关键词 polymetallic nodules ore-controlling factors binary logistic regression prospect area
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Numerical simulation of hydrothermal mineralization associated with simplified chemical reactions in Kaerqueka polymetallic deposit, Qinghai, China 认领 引用 被引量：11
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作者 Yan-hong ZOU Yao LIU +5 位作者 Yong PAN Kuan-da YANG Ta-gen DAI Xian-cheng MAO Jian-qing LAI Hai-long TIAN 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第1期165-177,共13页
The Kaerqueka polymetallic deposit, Qinghai, China, is one of the typical skarn-type polymetallic ore deposits in the Qimantage metallogenic belt. The dynamic mechanism on the formation of the Kaerqueka polymetallic d... The Kaerqueka polymetallic deposit, Qinghai, China, is one of the typical skarn-type polymetallic ore deposits in the Qimantage metallogenic belt. The dynamic mechanism on the formation of the Kaerqueka polymetallic deposit is always an interesting topic of research. We used the finite difference method to model the mineralizing process of the chalcopyrite in this region with considering the field geological features, mineralogy and geochemistry. In particular, the modern mineralization theory was used to quantitatively estimate the related chemical reactions associated with the chalcopyrite formation in the Kaerqueka polymetallic deposit. The numerical results indicate that the hydrothermal fluid flow is a key controlling factor of mineralization in this area and the temperature gradient is the driving force of pore-fluid flow. The metallogenic temperature of chalcopyrite in the Kaerqueka polymetallic deposit is between 250 and 350 ℃. The corresponding computational results have been verified by the field observations. It has been further demonstrated that the simulation results of coupled models in the field of emerging computational geosciences can enhance our understanding of the ore-forming processes in this area. 展开更多
关键词 numerical simulation heat transfer chemical reaction hydrothermal mineralization Kaerqueka polymetallic deposit
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Late Mesozoic Ore-forming Events in the Ningwu Ore District, Middle-Lower Yangtze River Polymetallic Ore Belt, East China: Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic Compositions of the Granodioritic Stocks 认领 引用 被引量：14
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作者 DUAN Chao LI Yanhe +3 位作者 HOU Kejun YUAN Shunda LIU Jialin ZHANG Cheng 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第3期719-736,共18页
Late Mesozoic volcanic-subvolcanic rocks and related iron deposits, known as porphyry iron deposits in China, are widespread in the Ningwu ore district （Cretaceous basin） of the middle-lower Yangtze River polymetall... Late Mesozoic volcanic-subvolcanic rocks and related iron deposits, known as porphyry iron deposits in China, are widespread in the Ningwu ore district （Cretaceous basin） of the middle-lower Yangtze River polymetallic ore belt, East China. Two types of Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks are exposed： one is dioritic rocks closely related to iron mineralization as the hosted rock, and the other one is granodioritic （-granitic） rocks that cut the ore bodies. To understand the age of the iron mineralization and the ore-forming event, detailed zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope measurement were performed on granodioritic stocks in the Washan, Gaocun-Nanshan, Dongshan and Heshangqiao iron deposits in the basin. Four emplacement and crystallization （typically for zircons） ages of granodioritic rocks were measured as 126.1±0.5 Ma, 126.8±0.5 Ma, 127.3±0.5 Ma and 126.3±0.4 Ma, respectively in these four deposits, with the LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb method. Based on the above results combined with previous dating, it is inferred that the iron deposits in the Ningwu Cretaceous basin occurred in a very short period of 131-127 Ma. In situ zircon Hf compositions of εHf（t） of the granodiorite are mainly from -3 to -8 and their corresponding 176Hf/177Hf ratio are from 0.28245 to 0.28265, indicating similar characteristics of dioritic rocks in the basin. We infer that granodioritic rocks occurring in the Ningwu ore district have an original relationship with dioritic rocks. These new results provide significant evidence for further study of this ore district so as to understand the ore-forming event in the study area. 展开更多
关键词 Zircon U-Pb age Hf isotope porphyry iron deposit Ningwu ore district Middle–Lower Yangtze River polymetallic ore belt
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Genetic Types and Metallogenic Model for the Polymetallic Copper–Gold Deposits in the Tongling Ore District, Anhui Province, Eastern China 认领 引用 被引量：7
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作者 FU Zhongyang XU Xiaochun +4 位作者 HE Jun FAN Ziliang XIE Qiaoqin DU Jianguo CHEN Fang 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第1期88-110,共23页
The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurre... The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurrences. Those deposits are mainly clustered(from west to east) within the Tongguanshan, Shizishan, Xinqiao, Fenghuangshan, and Shatanjiao orefields. Until recently, the majority of these deposits were thought to be skarn-or porphyry–skarn-type deposits; however there have been recent discoveries of numerous vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb-Zn deposits that do not fall into either of these categories. This indicates that there is some uncertainty over this classification. Here, we present the results of several systematic geological studies of representative deposits in the Tongling ore district. From investigation of the ore-controlling structures, lithology of the host rock, mineral assemblages, and the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration within these deposits, three genetic types of deposits(skarn-, porphyry-, and vein-type deposits) have been identified. The spatial and temporal relationships between the orebodies and Yanshanian intrusions combined with the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals, as well as the geodynamic setting of this ore district, indicate that all three deposit types are genetically related each other and constitute a magmatic–hydrothermal system. This study outlines a model that relates the polymetallic copper–gold porphyry-, skarn-, and vein-type deposits within the Tongling ore district. This model provides a theoretical basis to guide exploration for deep-seated and concealed porphyry-type Cu(–Mo, –Au) deposits as well as shallow vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb–Zn deposits in this area and elsewhere. 展开更多
关键词 polymetallic copper–gold deposits genetic types metallogenic model magmatic–hydrothermal system Tongling ore district Anhui Province
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Multi-scale impact crushing characteristics of polymetallic sulphide ores 认领 引用 被引量：10
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作者 Wen-tao ZHOU Yue-xin HAN +2 位作者 Yong-sheng SUN Jin-lin YANG Shao-jian MA 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第9期1929-1938,共10页
The effects of crushing energy, ore hardness and particle size of cassiterite polymetallic sulphide ore and lead-zinc polymetallic sulphide ore on the crushing characteristics during impact crushing were investigated ... The effects of crushing energy, ore hardness and particle size of cassiterite polymetallic sulphide ore and lead-zinc polymetallic sulphide ore on the crushing characteristics during impact crushing were investigated by mineral liberation analyzer(MLA) and drop weight test. The results show that both ores contain pyrrhotite, sphalerite, jamesonite, gangue mica and quartz except cassiterite. Cassiterite is closely associated with sulphide and quartz to form aggregates, which are mixed with each other in the form of intergrowth or symbiotic disseminated fine grains. Cassiterite has a significant impact on ore crushing characteristics. Ore hardness is negatively correlated with the product of crushing parameters of A and b, i.e. A×b, the effect of crushing energy on crushing fineness is related to crushing parameters A and b, and the influence degree increases with the increase of A. The influence degree increases with the increase of b when crushing energy ECS is less than 1 kW·h, and the influence degree decreases with the increase of b when crushing energy ECS is greater than 1 kW·h. The impact of crushing energy on crushing fineness is greater than that of ore particle size when the crushing energy is lower;on the contrary, the impact of ore particle size on crushing fineness is greater than that of crushing energy when crushing energy is higher. 展开更多
关键词 polymetallic sulfide ore crushing fineness crushing parameters crushing energy ore particle size
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Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Dating and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Variscan Granites of the Daitongshan Copper Deposit and Lamahanshan Polymetallic-Silver Deposit, Southern Daxing'anling, China 认领 引用 被引量：10
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作者 周振华 李泊洋 +3 位作者 王挨顺 武新丽 欧阳荷根 冯佳睿 《Journal of Earth Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第5期772-795,共24页
Daxing＇anling （大兴安岭） area is one of the regions that Phanerozoic granites are extremely developed in NW China. At present, the Hercynian granitoid research lags behind the Mesozoic granitoid research. In this a... Daxing＇anling （大兴安岭） area is one of the regions that Phanerozoic granites are extremely developed in NW China. At present, the Hercynian granitoid research lags behind the Mesozoic granitoid research. In this article, we have taken systematic petrochemistry and geochronology researches on the Hercynian granitoids in Daitongshan （代铜山） copper deposit and Lamahanshan （喇嘛罕山） silver poly- metallic deposit, which were located at southern section of Daxing＇anling metallogenic belt. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating results show that, the granite aplites in Daitongshan and the gneissic granites inLamahanshan were formed at （265±5）-（268±9） Ma and （252±2）-（252.6±3.4） Ma, respectively, which were both the products of late Herynian tectonic-magmatic events. Samples from Lama- hanshan are characterized by high SiO2 （69.72 wt.%-74.65 wt.%）, high potassium （3.53 wt.%-4.55 wt.%） and low P205 （0.03 wt.%0.12 wt.%）, aluminum saturation index （A/CNK） range from 0.95 to 0.98, Rb, Nd and K are en- riched, whereas the elements such as Nb, Ta, P and Ti are depleted, which belong to I-type grani- toids. Characteristics of samples from Daitong- shan are similar to H-type granitoids. The magmasource may be mostly originated from the lithospheric mantle component which were transformated or affected by the subduction components, and its formation may be closely related with the subduction and orogenesis of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. 展开更多
关键词 SHRIMP U-Pb dating geochemistry Variscan Daitongshan copper deposit Lamahan-shan silver polymetallic deposit Daxing＇anling.
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Geochemistry and Geochronology of the Gebunongba Iron Polymetallic Deposit in the Gangdese Belt, Tibet 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 Shunbao Gao Youye Zheng +2 位作者 Junsheng Jiang Kan Tian Jin Xu 《Journal of Earth Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第2期296-308,共13页
The Gebunongba iron polymetallic deposit is a typical skarn deposit located at the westernmost end of the discovered iron polymetallic deposits in the Gangdese metallogenic belt. Major and trace elements of the monzon... The Gebunongba iron polymetallic deposit is a typical skarn deposit located at the westernmost end of the discovered iron polymetallic deposits in the Gangdese metallogenic belt. Major and trace elements of the monzonite granite related to mineralization show that these rocks are peraluminous(ACNK=1.15–1.21) and are rich in Si(76.63 wt.%–76.93 wt.% SiO2), K(K2 O/Na2 O ratio of 1.80–2.30), LREE and LILEs(Rb, Ba, Th, U, Pb), but is depleted in high field strength elements(Nb, Ta, Ti and HREE). In addition, these rocks show obviously negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.48–0.55). The LA-ICPMS U-Pb age of zircons in monzonite granite is 59.72±0.55 Ma(MSWD=0.79), whereas the 40 Ar/39 Ar age of muscovite in iron ores is 59.22±0.61 Ma(MSWD=16.20). This indicates that the deposit formed at the syn-collision stage of Lhasa-India terrane is later than the northward subduction of the Yajiang crust. The monzonite granite has been probably derived from the partial melting of ancient lower crustal materials, which is probably resulted from the underplating of mantle-derived magmas. It is favorable for the formation of iron polymetallic deposit. Iron polymetallic mineralization is prevalent in Gangdese metallogenic belt at syn-collision stage. Therefore, syn-collision stage is an important mineralization stage for iron polymetallic deposits. The results of this study proved that iron polymetallic mineralization still took place in the western segment of Gangdese metallogenic belt and provided basis for further prospecting the deposits of the same type. 展开更多
关键词 western segment of the Gangdese belt iron polymetallic deposit geochronology metallogenic environment
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Bioleaching of complex polymetallic sulfide ores by mixed culture 认领 引用 被引量：9
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作者 王军 赵红波 +1 位作者 覃文庆 邱冠周 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第7期2633-2637,共5页
Bacterial leaching of single sulfide minerals and polymetallic sulfide ores was operated in shake flasks and small-scaled columns.The results show that bioleaching of jamesonite is not accessible,the iron extraction r... Bacterial leaching of single sulfide minerals and polymetallic sulfide ores was operated in shake flasks and small-scaled columns.The results show that bioleaching of jamesonite is not accessible,the iron extraction rate of pyrrhotite bioleaching reaches 98.2% after 26 d,and the zinc extraction rate of marmatite bioleaching reaches 92.3%,while the corresponding iron extraction reaches only 13.6% after 29 d.Pulp density has a significant effect on metal extraction of pyrrhotite and marmatite bioleaching.The corresponding metal extraction rate decreases with the increase of pulp density.For the polymetallic sulfide ores,zinc extraction of 97.1% is achieved after bioleaching in shake flasks for 10 d,while only 7.8% is obtained after bioleaching in small-scaled column.Analytical results of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDX) reveal that large amount of calcium sulfate is formed on the mineral surface. 展开更多
关键词 polymetallic sulfide ores jamesonite marmatite pyrrhotite bioleaching
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Metallogeny of the Baiyangping Lead-Zinc Polymetallic Ore Concentration Area, Northern Lanping Basin of Yunnan Province, China 认领 引用 被引量：7
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作者 WANG Xiaohu SONG Yucai +3 位作者 ZHANG Hongrui LIU Yingchao PAN Xiaofei GUO Tao 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第4期1486-1507,共22页
The Lanping Basin in the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang （the Sanjiang） area of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important part of eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. This basin hosts a number of l... The Lanping Basin in the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang （the Sanjiang） area of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important part of eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. This basin hosts a number of large unique sediment-hosted Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits or ore districts, such as the Baiyangping ore concentration area which is one of the representative ore district. The Baiyangping ore concentration area can be divided into the east and west ore belts, which were formed in a folded tectogene of the India-Asia continental coUisional setting and was controlled by a large reverse fault. Field observations reveal that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata were outcropped in the mining area, and that the orebodies are obviously controlled by faults and hosted in sandstone and carbonate rocks. However, the oreforming elements in the east ore belt are mainly Pb-Zn -Sr-Ag, while Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Co elements are dominant in the west ore belt. Comparative analysis of the C-O-Sr-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggest that both ore belts had a homogeneous carbon source, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata; the ore- forming fluids were originated from formation water and precipitate water, which belonged to basin brine fluid system; sulfur was from organic thermal chemical sulfate reduction and biological sulfate reduction; the metal mineralization material was from sedimentary strata and basement, but the difference of the material source of the basement and the strata and the superimposed mineralization of the west ore belt resulted in the difference of metallogenic elements between the eastern and western metallogenic belts. The Pb-Zn mineralization age of both ore belts was contemporary and formed in the same metaliogenetic event. Both thrust formed at the same time and occurred at the Early Oligocene, which is consistent with the age constrained by field geological relationship. 展开更多
关键词 eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain Lanping Basin Baiyangping ore concentration area lead-zinc polymetallic ore deposit genesis of deposit
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Rare Earth Elements Composition and Constraint on the Genesis of the Polymetallic Crusts and Nodules in the South China Sea 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 GUAN Yao SUN Xiaoming +2 位作者 SHI Guiyong JIANG Xiaodong LU Hongfeng 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第5期1751-1766,共16页
The rare earth elements(REE)composition of the polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea(SCS)were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results revealed great difference... The rare earth elements(REE)composition of the polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea(SCS)were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results revealed great differences in the REE abundances(∑REE)of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules;the crusts show the highest∑REE,whereas the nodules exhibit the lowest∑REE.The similarity in their NASC-normalized patterns,the enriched light REE(LREE),the markedly positive Ce anomaly(δCe),and the non-or weakly positive Eu anomaly(δEu),suggest that the polymetallic crusts and nodules are of hydrogenetic origin.Moreover,the REE contents and their relevant parameters are quite different among the various layers of the crusts and nodules,which probably results from the different marginal sea environments and mineral assemblages of the samples.The growth profiles of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules reveal the tendency∑REE andδCe to slightly increase from the outer to the inner layers,suggesting that the growth environments of these samples changed smoothly from an oxidizing to a relatively reducing environment;in addition,the crust ST1 may have experienced a regressive event(sea-level change)during its growth,although the REE composition of the seawater remained relatively stable.On the basis of the regional∑REE distribution in the SCS crusts and nodules,the samples collected near the northern margin were influenced by terrigenous material more strongly compared with the other samples,and the REE contents are relatively low.Therefore,the special geotectonic environment is a significant factor influencing the abundance of elements,including REE and other trace elements.Compared with the oceanic seamount crusts and deep-sea nodules from other oceans,the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules exhibit special REE compositions and shale-normalized patterns,implying that the samples are of marginal sea-type Fe-Mn sedimentary deposits,which are strongly affected by the epicontinental environment,and that they grew in a more oxidative seawater environment.This analysis indicates that the oxidized seawater environment and the special nano property of their Fe-Mn minerals enrich the REE adsorption. 展开更多
关键词 rare earths geochemistry polymetallic crusts and nodules hydrogenetic origin South China Sea
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The effect of Fe-Mn minerals and seawater interface and enrich-ment mechanism of ore-forming elements of polymetallic crusts and nodules from the South China Sea 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 GUAN Yao SUN Xiaoming +7 位作者 IANG Xiaodong SA Rina ZHOU Li HUANG Yi LIU Yating LI Xiaojie LU Rongfei WANG Chi 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第6期34-46,共13页
Ferromanganese crusts and nodules are important submarine mineral resources that contain various metal elements with significant economic value. In this study, polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South C... Ferromanganese crusts and nodules are important submarine mineral resources that contain various metal elements with significant economic value. In this study, polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea （SCS） were determined by using X-ray power diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy （RS）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） to systematically investigate and analyze the mineralogical and spectral characteristics of the Fe-Mn minerals. XRD measurements revealed that the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules were composed of vernadite, quartz, and plagioclase. The nodules also contained todorokite. The Fe-phase minerals of the SCS crusts and nodules were composed of amorphous Fe oxide/hydroxide, and the Mn- and Fe-phases minerals exhibited relatively poor degrees of crystallization. FTIR results showed that the Fe-Mn minerals in the crusts and nodules included a large number of surface hydroxyl groups. These surface hydroxyl groups contained protons that could provide reactive sites for complexation of ore-forming elements in seawater. XPS results indicated that the surfaces of the Fe-Mn minerals mainly contained Fe, Mn, and O. Fe was present in the trivalent oxidation state, while Mn, which may contain several bivalent oxidation state, was present in the tetravalent and trivalent oxidation states. The SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules were compared with Pacific seamount crusts, and results showed that the surface hydroxyl （-OH） groups of the SCS crusts and nodules numbered more than the lattice oxygen （O^2-）. But the lattice oxygen of Pacific seamount crusts numbered more than the surface hydroxyl groups. This characteristic indicated that the degree of crystallization of Fe-Mn minerals from the Pacific Ocean was higher than that of minerals from the South China Sea. Comprehensive studies showed that ore-forming elements in the interface between seawater and the Fe-Mn minerals in the submarine ferromanganese crusts and nodules employed the following enrichment mechanisms： （1） the metal ion complexed with the surface hydroxyl of Fe-Mn minerals to form hydroxyl complexes, which were connected by coordination bonds or stable inner-sphere complexes that exchanged protons on the mineral surfaces; （2） the charged surfaces of the minerals and metal cations formed outer-sphere complexes, which made up the electrostatic double layer, through electrostatic adsorption; and （3） the metal cations isomorphously exchanged the Mn and Fe ions of the mineral lattice structure. 展开更多
关键词 polymetallic crust and nodule mineralogy characteristic interface effect element enrichment surfacecomplexation
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Analysis of prospecting polymetallic metallogenic belts by comprehensive geophysical method 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 XIA Fan SONG Hong-wei +2 位作者 WANG Meng WANG Hong-liang CHEN Yu 《Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering》 2019年第3期237-244,共8页
This paper is based on the analysis and research on the silver-lead-zinc polymetallic ore in New Ballyhoo Banner in southern Manzhouli of Inner Mongolia.Because metal mineralization brings rock formations,the geophysi... This paper is based on the analysis and research on the silver-lead-zinc polymetallic ore in New Ballyhoo Banner in southern Manzhouli of Inner Mongolia.Because metal mineralization brings rock formations,the geophysical features such as low resistivity,high polarization rate and uneven distribution of magnetization,the comprehensive geophysical methods are adopted including high-precision magnetic measurement,high-power induced polarization,IP field middle gradient and controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics.In the survey work of multi-metal ore deposits,from surface sweeping to single point measurement,and from single point to section going deeper layer by layer,the resolution of measurement is continuously improved,and various geophysical methods support and complement each other,so explorers can successfully predict the direction,scale and volume of the metallogenic belts in conjunction with geochemical exploration,geological survey and drilling.It has provided a strong basis for completing the exploration task of predicting the reserve volume of ore bodies.The research conclusions of this exploration case have thus a high reference value in the same type of exploration work. 展开更多
关键词 Manzhouli High-precision magnetic measurement Middle-gradient method IP field prospecting Controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics Polymetallic ores
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A Study of Ore-forming Fluids in the Shimensi Tungsten Deposit,Dahutang Tungsten Polymetallic Ore Field,Jiangxi Province,China 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 GONG Xiaodong YAN Guangsheng +5 位作者 YE Tianzhu ZHU Xinyou LI Yongsheng ZHANG Zhihui JIA Wenbin YAO Xiaofeng 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第3期822-835,共14页
The Dahutang tungsten polymetallic ore field is located north of the Nanling W-Sn polymetallic metallogenic belt and south of the Middle—Lower Yangtze River Valley Cu-Mo-Au-Fe porphyry-skarn belt.It is a newly discov... The Dahutang tungsten polymetallic ore field is located north of the Nanling W-Sn polymetallic metallogenic belt and south of the Middle—Lower Yangtze River Valley Cu-Mo-Au-Fe porphyry-skarn belt.It is a newly discovered ore field,and probably represents the largest tungsten mineralization district in the world.The Shimensi deposit is one of the mineral deposits in the Dahutang ore field,and is associated with Yanshanian granites intruding into a Neoproterozoic granodiorite batholith.On the basis of geologic studies,this paper presents new petrographic,microthermometric,laser Raman spectroscopic and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic studies of fluid inclusions from the Shimensi deposit.The results show that there are three types of fluid inclusions in quartz from various mineralization stages：liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions,vapor-rich two-phase fluid inclusions,and three-phase fluid inclusions containing a solid crystal,with the vast majority being liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions.In addition,melt and melt-fluid inclusions were also found in quartz from pegmatoid bodies in the margin of the Yanshanian intrusion.The homogenization temperatures of liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions in quartz range from 162 to 363℃ and salinities are 0.5wt%-9.5wt%NaCI equivalent.From the early to late mineralization stages,with the decreasing of the homogenization temperature,the salinity also shows a decreasing trend.The ore-forming fluids can be approximated by a NaCl-H_2O fluid system,with small amounts of volatile components including CO_2,CH_4 and N_2,as suggested by Laser Raman spectroscopic analyses.The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data show that δ5D_（V-smow） values of bulk fluid inclusions in quartz from various mineralization stages vary from-63.8‰ to-108.4‰,and the δ^（18）O_（H2O） values calculated from the δ^（18）O_（V-）smow values of quartz vary from-2.28‰ to 7.21‰.These H-O isotopic data are interpreted to indicate that the ore-forming fluids are mainly composed of magmatic water in the early stage,and meteoric water was added and participated in mineralization in the late stage.Integrating the geological characteristics and analytical data,we propose that the ore-forming fluids of the Shimensi deposit were mainly derived from Yanshanian granitic magma,the evolution of which resulted in highly differentiated melt,as recorded by melt and melt-fluid inclusions in pegmatoid quartz,and high concentrations of metals in the fluids.Cooling of the ore-forming fluids and mixing with meteoric water may be the key factors that led to mineralization in the Dahutang tungsten polymetallic ore field. 展开更多
关键词 fluid inclusion hydrogen and oxygen isotopes tungsten polymetallic Shimensi Dahutang
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Geochemistry of Platinum Group and Rare Earth Elements of the Polymetallic Layer in the Lower Cambrian,Weng'an,Guizhou Province 认领 引用 被引量：10
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作者 FU Yong WU Chaodong +2 位作者 GUAN Ping QU Wenjun CHEN Jiafu 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS 2009年第3期618-627,共10页
The black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Weng＇an, on the Yangtze platform of south China, contain voluminous polymetallic sulfide deposits. A comprehensive geochemical investigation of trace, rar... The black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Weng＇an, on the Yangtze platform of south China, contain voluminous polymetallic sulfide deposits. A comprehensive geochemical investigation of trace, rare earth, and platinum group elements （PGE） has been undertaken in order to discuss its ore genesis and correlation with the tectono-depositional setting. The ore-bearing layers enrich molybdenum （Mo）, nickel （Ni）, vanadium （V）, lead （Pb）, strontium （Sr）, barium （Ba）, uranium （U）, arsenic （As）, and rare earth elements （REE） in abundance. High uranium/ thorium （U/Th） ratios （U/Th〉I） indicated that mineralization was mainly influenced by the hydrothermal process. The 8U value was above 1.9, showing a reducing sedimentary condition. The REE patterns showed high enrichment in light rare earth elements （LREE） （heavy rare earth elements （HREE） （LREE/HREE=5-17）, slightly negative europium （Eu） and cerium （Ce） anomalies （δEu=0.81- 0.93）, and positive Ce anomalies （δCe=0.76-1.12）. PGE abundance was characterized by the PGE-type distribution patterns, enriching platinum （Pt）, palladium （Pd）, ruthenium （Ru） and osmium （Os）. The Pt/Pd ratio was 0.8, which is close to the ratios of seawater and ultramafic rocks. All of these geochemical features suggest that the mineralization was triggered by hydrothermal activity in an extensional setting in the context of break-up of the Rodinian supercontinent. 展开更多
关键词 geochemistry polymetallic layer hydrothermal activity Lower Cambrian
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Mineral Geochemical Compositions of Tourmalines and Their Significance in the Gejiu Tin Polymetallic Deposits, Yunnan, China 认领 引用 被引量：12
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作者 JIA Runxing FANG Weixuan HU Ruizhong 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS 2010年第1期155-166,共12页
The Gejiu tin polymetallic deposits are located in the southeastern part of Yunnan Province in China. A detailed electronic microprobe study has been carried out to document geochemical compositions of tourmalines fro... The Gejiu tin polymetallic deposits are located in the southeastern part of Yunnan Province in China. A detailed electronic microprobe study has been carried out to document geochemical compositions of tourmalines from the deposits. The results indicate a systematic change of mineral geochemical compositions, which might be used as a mineral geochemical tracer for post-magmatic hydrothermal fluid, basin fluid and their mixture. The tourmalines from granite are schori with Fe/ （Fe＋Mg） ratios of 0.912-1.00 and Na/（Na＋Ca） ratios of 0.892-0.981. Tourmalines as an inclusion in quartz from the ore bodies are dravite with Fe/（Fe＋Mg） ratios of 0.212-0.519 and Na/（Na＋Ca） ratios of 0.786--0.997. Tourmalines from the country rocks are dravite with Fe/（Fe＋Mg） ratios of 0.313--0.337 and Na/（Na＋Ca） ratio of 0.599-0.723. Tourmalines from cassiterite-tourmaline veins that occur in crannies within the country rocks show distinct optical zoning with alternate occurrence of dravite and schorl, Fe/（Fe＋Mg）=0.374-0.843, Na/（Na＋Ca）=0.538-0.987. It suggests that schorl in granite and dravite in carbonatite are related to magmatic fluid and basin fluid respectively. When magmatic fluid rose up and entered into crannies of the country rocks, consisting mainly of carbonatite, basin fluid would be constantly added to the magmatic fluid. The two types of fluid were mixed in structural crannies of the sedimentary basin accompanied with periodic geochemical oscillations to form material records in chemical composition zonings of tourmalines. 展开更多
关键词 tourmaline mineral geochemical zoning geochemical oscillation tin polymetallic deposit,Gejiu
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New Zircon U-Pb Age of the Super-Large Lijiagou Spodumene Deposit in Songpan Garze Fold Belt, Eastern Tibet: Implications for Early Jurassic Rare-Metal Polymetallic Event 认领 引用 被引量：8
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作者 FEI Guangchun TIAN Jingjing +4 位作者 YANG Jiyi GAO Jianguo TANG Wenchun LI Jian GU Chenghui 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第3期1274-1275,共2页
Objective The Songpan-Garze Fold Belt(SGFB),located in the eastern part of the Tibet Plateau and west of the Sichuan Basin,is an important pegmatite province in China.Some famous pegmatite type deposits occur in the S... Objective The Songpan-Garze Fold Belt(SGFB),located in the eastern part of the Tibet Plateau and west of the Sichuan Basin,is an important pegmatite province in China.Some famous pegmatite type deposits occur in the SGFB,including the Xuebaoding,Jiajika,Keeryin rare metal deposits and Danba muscovite deposit(Li Jiankang et al.,2015).The newly discovered super-large Lijiagou 展开更多
关键词 New Zircon U-Pb Age of the Super-Large Lijiagou Jurassic Rare-Metal Polymetallic Event
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