Conceptual process design (CPD) research focuses on finding design alternatives that address various design problems. It has a long history of well-established methodologies to answer these complex questions, such as ...Conceptual process design (CPD) research focuses on finding design alternatives that address various design problems. It has a long history of well-established methodologies to answer these complex questions, such as heuristics, mathematical programming, and pinch analysis. Nonetheless, progress continues from different formulations of design problems using bottom-up approaches, to the utilization of new tools such as artificial intelligence (AI). It was not until recently that AI methods were involved again in assisting the decision-making steps for chemical engineers. This has led to a gap in understanding AI's capabilities and limitations within the field of CPD research. Thus, this article aims to provide an overview of conventional methods for process synthesis, integration, and intensification approaches and survey emerging AI-assisted process design applications to bridge the gap. A review of all AI-assisted methods is highlighted, where AI is used as a key component within a design framework, to explain the utility of AI with comparative examples. The studies were categorized into supervised and reinforcement learning based on the machine learning training principles they used to enhance the understanding of requirements, benefits, and challenges that come with it. Furthermore, we provide challenges and prospects that can facilitate or hinder the progress of AI-assisted approaches in the future.展开更多
The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical product...The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical production is of great significance in reducing global carbon consumption.This study describes the current state of research in biomass metallurgy in recent years and analyzes the concept and scientific principles of biomass metallurgy.The fundamentals of biomass pretreatment technology and biomass metallurgy technology were discussed,and the industrial application framework of biomass metallurgy was proposed.Furthermore,the economic and social advantages of biomass metallurgy were analyzed to serve as a reference for the advancement of fundamental theory and industrial application of biomass metallurgy.展开更多
This work provides an overview of distillation processes,including process design for different distillation processes,selection of entrainers for special distillation processes,system integration and intensification ...This work provides an overview of distillation processes,including process design for different distillation processes,selection of entrainers for special distillation processes,system integration and intensification of distillation processes,optimization of process parameters for distillation processes and recent research progress in dynamic control strategies.Firstly,the feasibility of using thermodynamic topological theories such as residual curve,phase equilibrium line and distillation boundary line to analyze different separation regions is discussed,and the rationality of distillation process design is discussed by using its feasibility.Secondly,the application of molecular simulation methods such as molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemical calculation in the screening of entrainer is discussed for the extractive distillation process.The thermal coupling mechanism of different distillation processes is used to explore the process of different process intensifications.Next,a mixed integer nonlinear optimization strategy for the distillation process based on different algorithms is introduced.Finally,the improvement of dynamic control strategies for different distillation processes in recent years is summarized.This work focuses on the application of process intensification and system optimization in the design of distillation process,and analyzes the challenges,prospects,and development trends of distillation technology in the separation of multicomponent azeotropes.展开更多
C4 components are useful in industry and should be separated as individuals. A new process was proposed to separate them by extractive distillation, with the advantages of low equipment investment, energy consumption ...C4 components are useful in industry and should be separated as individuals. A new process was proposed to separate them by extractive distillation, with the advantages of low equipment investment, energy consumption and liquid load in the columns. One principle to improve the extractive distillation process was put forward. Moreover, the analysis of operation state of the new process was done. There were eight operation states found for the whole process, but only one operation state was desirable. This work provides a way to effectively separate C4 mixtures and helps the reasonable utilization of C4 resource.展开更多
In many circumstances, chemical process design can be formulated as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem. Examples include bi-objective optimization problems, where the economic objective is maximized and en...In many circumstances, chemical process design can be formulated as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem. Examples include bi-objective optimization problems, where the economic objective is maximized and environmental impact is minimized simultaneously. Moreover, the random behavior in the process,property, market fluctuation, errors in model prediction and so on would affect the performance of a process. Therefore, it is essential to develop a MOO methodology under uncertainty. In this article, the authors propose a generic and systematic optimization methodology for chemical process design under uncertainty. It aims at identifying the optimal design from a number of candidates. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated by a case study based on the design of a condensate treatment unit in an ammonia plant.展开更多
The separation characteristics of the PVA-CS (polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan) blended composite membrane for dehydration of ethanol-water mixture are examined. The relationships of flux and separation factor with the feed...The separation characteristics of the PVA-CS (polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan) blended composite membrane for dehydration of ethanol-water mixture are examined. The relationships of flux and separation factor with the feed concentration and operation temperature are established. Using this correlated equation, the continuous-flow pervaporation process about 500 kilolitres/year dehydrated ethanol is designed. The numbers of stage and reheater are calculated by stage-by-stage method for two kinds of cascades: one with equal membrane area and the other with 10℃ of temperature decrement per section. The results show that when the numbers of stage and reheater are the same, the cascade with 10℃ of temperature decrement has more advantages than that with equal membrane area. The influences of feed concentration and flow rate on the numbers of stage and reheater in the cascades are discussed.展开更多
Tubular hydroforming has attracted increased attention in the vehicle industry recently. This paper covers a complete hydroforming process design for an instrum ent panel frame by finite element simulation using the e...Tubular hydroforming has attracted increased attention in the vehicle industry recently. This paper covers a complete hydroforming process design for an instrum ent panel frame by finite element simulation using the explicit code LS-DYNA. The manufacturing process for the instrument panel frame consists of tube pre-be nding and final hydroforming. To accomplish hydroforming process design successf ully, a thorough investigation of proper combination of process parameters such as internal hydraulic pressure and axial feeding is carried out by finite element simulation to predict the tube wall thickness and shape. An optimized process parameter combination is obtained and verified by the instrument panel frame hyd roforming experiment. The experiment shows that designed process parameters can be used in real production through FEA simulation, but tubular thinned amplitu de by FEA is less than that with the experiment.展开更多
To design a stepping-mode laser blanking process,in this study,CAD software was redeveloped based on VBA and a computer interface was established in the process design system. The program employs the modularization me...To design a stepping-mode laser blanking process,in this study,CAD software was redeveloped based on VBA and a computer interface was established in the process design system. The program employs the modularization method to perform functions including one-key initialization of the process planning environment,creation and deletion of blanking steps,automatic identification of belt coordinates,recognition of the number of blanking steps in each domain,and the output and import of process data. The difficult problem of recognizing CAD block references with the same name in the automatic acquisition of belt coordinates is solved using the selection sets method,which greatly improves the efficiency of the process design,while also guaranteeing rapid development of the flexible data mold in stepping-mode laser blanking.展开更多
There are multiple processes and corresponding parameters in steel production, and combinations of these comprise various process routes.Different steel products require distinct process routes due to variations in pe...There are multiple processes and corresponding parameters in steel production, and combinations of these comprise various process routes.Different steel products require distinct process routes due to variations in performance targets.Thus, how to accurately set each key process parameter in certain process routes is an ongoing conundrum, because it not only requires a wealth of expert experience but also generates additional costs from the trial productions.In this paper, a new production design system for plate steels is proposed.The proposed system consists of methodology and function development.For methodology, multi-task Elastic Net, clustering, classification, and other methods are used to design process routes.Furthermore, the results are expressed in the form of parameter confidence intervals, which are close to practical application scenarios.For function development, the steel plate process route design function is developed on the Process Intelligent Data Application System(PIDAS) intelligent big data platform.The results demonstrate the method’s practical application value.展开更多
A growing number of international studies have highlighted that ambient air pollution exposures are related to different health outcomes. To do so, researchers need to estimate exposure levels to air pollution through...A growing number of international studies have highlighted that ambient air pollution exposures are related to different health outcomes. To do so, researchers need to estimate exposure levels to air pollution throughout everyday life. In the literature, the most commonly used estimate is based on home address only or taking into account, in addition, the work address. However, several studies have shown the importance of daily mobility in the estimate of exposure to air pollutants. In this context, we developed an R procedure that estimates individual exposures combining home addresses, several important places, and itineraries of the principal mobility during a week. It supplies researchers a useful tool to calculate individual daily exposition to air pollutants weighting by the time spent at each of the most frequented locations (work, shopping, residential address, etc.) and while commuting. This task requires the efficient calculation of travel time matrices or the examination of multimodal transport routes. This procedure is freely available from the Equit’Area project website: (http://gffzz4be93075738549faspqp6nofp5noq60pf.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn). This procedure is structured in three parts: the first part is to create a network, the second allows to estimate main itineraries of the daily mobility and the last one tries to reconstitute the level of air pollution exposure. One main advantage of the tool is that the procedure can be used with different spatial scales and for any air pollutant.展开更多
Chemical process design is a comprehensive project, involving many aspects. Its main contents include production safety, economic benefits and environmental protection. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control a...Chemical process design is a comprehensive project, involving many aspects. Its main contents include production safety, economic benefits and environmental protection. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control all links in the actual operation of chemical process, which can provide some help for relevant enterprises. In chemical process design, it is mainly to make reasonable arrangements for the production process, and the actual work needs to be carried out in strict accordance with relevant regulations. In this paper, the safety problems and control management in chemical process design are analyzed and discussed in detail. Firstly, the safety problems and solutions in chemical process design are described. Secondly, in view of this case, the problems and control points in solving management and avoiding hidden problems are put forward for detailed description and discussion, Finally, it is concluded that the chemical process design scheme can effectively ensure the safety of employees' lives and property and the personal health of staff, which plays a positive role in reducing the risk and has a certain practical significance. At the same time, it can also promote the continuous progress of China's social and economic development level, improve work efficiency and quality, achieve the goal of sustainable and healthy development, and further accelerate the construction process of socialist market economy.展开更多
With the continuous progress of urbanization, people's material living standards are becoming more and more abundant, and the requirements for building forms are becoming higher and higher. Among them, the prefabr...With the continuous progress of urbanization, people's material living standards are becoming more and more abundant, and the requirements for building forms are becoming higher and higher. Among them, the prefabricated concrete building, as a new form of building products, is deeply loved by the general public with its advantages of small pollution, low energy saving rate and high construction quality. In prefabricated concrete buildings, the whole process of design covers planning design, scheme finalization, initial design, drawing design, construction and production, and other processes, which are extremely complicated and require high architectural professionalism. In this paper, various construction processes and stages of prefabricated buildings are discussed, hoping to ensure the overall quality of prefabricated concrete buildings, to provide a guarantee for people's living.展开更多
With the development of society, the chemical industry has also been growing. Due to the particularity of production raw materials, chemical process has great safety risks in the manufacturing process. In order to imp...With the development of society, the chemical industry has also been growing. Due to the particularity of production raw materials, chemical process has great safety risks in the manufacturing process. In order to implement the safety requirements of chemical production, the characteristics of chemical processes must be determined first in combination with the actual situation, and then the main purpose must be to avoid various common risks, and necessary measures must be taken to optimize them, so as to fundamentally address the risk issues and further improve the safety of production operations. The following is a brief analysis of the safety risks and control strategies for chemical production process design.展开更多
Safety management and risk factor identification and control are the top priorities in China's chemical process design work. In recent years, China's chemical process safety and risk accidents emerge one after...Safety management and risk factor identification and control are the top priorities in China's chemical process design work. In recent years, China's chemical process safety and risk accidents emerge one after another. Therefore, relevant enterprises and staff must further improve the risk factor identification and control efforts, fully grasp each chemical process design detail, further improve the safety and stability of China's chemical process design process, in order to promote the modernization process of China's chemical process design in a more efficient and optimized mode.展开更多
Process design is the basis of chemical production, if the basic process is not up to standard, the later will have a great impact on production, that is, whether the chemical process design is good or not will have a...Process design is the basis of chemical production, if the basic process is not up to standard, the later will have a great impact on production, that is, whether the chemical process design is good or not will have a great impact on the quality of chemical products and safe production. In the process design of chemical industry, there are many dangerous factors. Only by distinguishing the dangerous factors effectively and formulating the corresponding control strategy, can the safety of chemical production be better guaranteed. Based on this, this paper will analyze the risk factors in chemical process design and put forward the corresponding control methods.展开更多
Process Designer工艺规划模块使制造商能够开发、获取和利用工艺计划。此外,工艺设计团队可以进行比较,开发和选择最佳的制造策略,以满足特定的业务需求。在三维虚拟环境中,Process Designer工艺规划模块是一个协作平台,使分布式...Process Designer工艺规划模块使制造商能够开发、获取和利用工艺计划。此外,工艺设计团队可以进行比较,开发和选择最佳的制造策略,以满足特定的业务需求。在三维虚拟环境中,Process Designer工艺规划模块是一个协作平台,使分布式企业团队能够评估过程计划和备选方案,优化和估计吞吐量和成本,计划变量和变化以协调生产资源。展开更多
With China's social and economic growth, so that all industries have been rapid development, especially in the field of chemical industry, whether it is process design or chemical production technology, have a qua...With China's social and economic growth, so that all industries have been rapid development, especially in the field of chemical industry, whether it is process design or chemical production technology, have a qualitative improvement, at the same time, more and more attention to chemical production safety. In the process of chemical process design, there are safety risks in chemical raw materials, reaction devices, pipelines and other factors. If safety risks cannot be effectively identified and controlled, it is easy to cause safety accidents, which threaten people's lives and health, and also affect the normal operation of enterprises. Based on this, this paper will analyze the identification and control of safety risk in chemical process design, in order to promote the long-term development of chemical industry.展开更多
The laborious creation of digital images could soon be a thing of the past.Text-to-image software generates images from text descriptions through artificial intelligence,the AI can map entirely new concepts and create...The laborious creation of digital images could soon be a thing of the past.Text-to-image software generates images from text descriptions through artificial intelligence,the AI can map entirely new concepts and create images in a variety of artistic styles.Existing text-to-image software is already publicly available,but does it live up to its promise,and can it be more useful to architects in their search for inspiration than previous software that uses visual search to display images?In this paper,we address the opportunities and problems of text-to-image software.To answer our question,we use a key study,this is divided into two user groups.The subjects of group A are to use DALL·E 2 to search for inspiration for a design whose task is:Design a museum with a boat dock.The same design task is also given to the subjects of group B,with the difference that they are to use Pinterest to find inspiration.We will then contrast the results of these surveys.We will document the differences of the user experience and the output of DALL·E 2 to Pinterest as well as about advantages and disadvantages of DALL·E 2 and possible future developments,and application areas of text-to-image software.展开更多
To improve braking performance and achieve lightweight in transport equipment,it is necessary to implement overall plastic forming manufacturing of the brake pad baseboard(BPB),which is the core safety component of th...To improve braking performance and achieve lightweight in transport equipment,it is necessary to implement overall plastic forming manufacturing of the brake pad baseboard(BPB),which is the core safety component of the brake system.This study presents an innovative multi-DOF envelope forming(MDFEF)process to realize the plastic forming of BPB with thin skin and high reinforcing ribs.The MDFEF principle for BPB,and the design methods for the envelope mold are first presented.Through FE simulations,the behavior of metal flow,uneven growth pattern of reinforcing ribs,evolution of equivalent strain and evolution of forming force in MDFEF of BPB are investigated.To realize MDFEF,an innovative MDFEF equipment driven by parallel linkages is exploited.The force states of linkages in MDFEF are calculated,and the reasonable mold position is determined to reduce the maximum force on the linkages and improve the service performance of MDFEF equipment.The MDFEF experiments of BPB are conducted and qualified BPB is obtained,which demonstrates that the presented MDFEF process and equipment are applicable to manufacture BPB with thin skin and high reinforcing ribs.展开更多
基金financial support from The University of Manchester
摘要Conceptual process design (CPD) research focuses on finding design alternatives that address various design problems. It has a long history of well-established methodologies to answer these complex questions, such as heuristics, mathematical programming, and pinch analysis. Nonetheless, progress continues from different formulations of design problems using bottom-up approaches, to the utilization of new tools such as artificial intelligence (AI). It was not until recently that AI methods were involved again in assisting the decision-making steps for chemical engineers. This has led to a gap in understanding AI's capabilities and limitations within the field of CPD research. Thus, this article aims to provide an overview of conventional methods for process synthesis, integration, and intensification approaches and survey emerging AI-assisted process design applications to bridge the gap. A review of all AI-assisted methods is highlighted, where AI is used as a key component within a design framework, to explain the utility of AI with comparative examples. The studies were categorized into supervised and reinforcement learning based on the machine learning training principles they used to enhance the understanding of requirements, benefits, and challenges that come with it. Furthermore, we provide challenges and prospects that can facilitate or hinder the progress of AI-assisted approaches in the future.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51704216)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing(Nos.41620025,41620026,and 41621009)+1 种基金the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of University of ScienceTechnology Beijing(Fundamental Research Funds f or the Central Universities)(No.FRF-IDRY-20-014)。
摘要The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical production is of great significance in reducing global carbon consumption.This study describes the current state of research in biomass metallurgy in recent years and analyzes the concept and scientific principles of biomass metallurgy.The fundamentals of biomass pretreatment technology and biomass metallurgy technology were discussed,and the industrial application framework of biomass metallurgy was proposed.Furthermore,the economic and social advantages of biomass metallurgy were analyzed to serve as a reference for the advancement of fundamental theory and industrial application of biomass metallurgy.
摘要This work provides an overview of distillation processes,including process design for different distillation processes,selection of entrainers for special distillation processes,system integration and intensification of distillation processes,optimization of process parameters for distillation processes and recent research progress in dynamic control strategies.Firstly,the feasibility of using thermodynamic topological theories such as residual curve,phase equilibrium line and distillation boundary line to analyze different separation regions is discussed,and the rationality of distillation process design is discussed by using its feasibility.Secondly,the application of molecular simulation methods such as molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemical calculation in the screening of entrainer is discussed for the extractive distillation process.The thermal coupling mechanism of different distillation processes is used to explore the process of different process intensifications.Next,a mixed integer nonlinear optimization strategy for the distillation process based on different algorithms is introduced.Finally,the improvement of dynamic control strategies for different distillation processes in recent years is summarized.This work focuses on the application of process intensification and system optimization in the design of distillation process,and analyzes the challenges,prospects,and development trends of distillation technology in the separation of multicomponent azeotropes.
摘要C4 components are useful in industry and should be separated as individuals. A new process was proposed to separate them by extractive distillation, with the advantages of low equipment investment, energy consumption and liquid load in the columns. One principle to improve the extractive distillation process was put forward. Moreover, the analysis of operation state of the new process was done. There were eight operation states found for the whole process, but only one operation state was desirable. This work provides a way to effectively separate C4 mixtures and helps the reasonable utilization of C4 resource.
基金Supported by Dalian University of Technology, the US National Science Foundation (No.CTS-0407494) and the Texas Advanced Technology program (No.003581-0044-2003)
摘要In many circumstances, chemical process design can be formulated as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem. Examples include bi-objective optimization problems, where the economic objective is maximized and environmental impact is minimized simultaneously. Moreover, the random behavior in the process,property, market fluctuation, errors in model prediction and so on would affect the performance of a process. Therefore, it is essential to develop a MOO methodology under uncertainty. In this article, the authors propose a generic and systematic optimization methodology for chemical process design under uncertainty. It aims at identifying the optimal design from a number of candidates. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated by a case study based on the design of a condensate treatment unit in an ammonia plant.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29836160) and Commission of Science & Technology of Zhejiang Province(No.924010,No.85-12-02-05).
摘要The separation characteristics of the PVA-CS (polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan) blended composite membrane for dehydration of ethanol-water mixture are examined. The relationships of flux and separation factor with the feed concentration and operation temperature are established. Using this correlated equation, the continuous-flow pervaporation process about 500 kilolitres/year dehydrated ethanol is designed. The numbers of stage and reheater are calculated by stage-by-stage method for two kinds of cascades: one with equal membrane area and the other with 10℃ of temperature decrement per section. The results show that when the numbers of stage and reheater are the same, the cascade with 10℃ of temperature decrement has more advantages than that with equal membrane area. The influences of feed concentration and flow rate on the numbers of stage and reheater in the cascades are discussed.
摘要Tubular hydroforming has attracted increased attention in the vehicle industry recently. This paper covers a complete hydroforming process design for an instrum ent panel frame by finite element simulation using the explicit code LS-DYNA. The manufacturing process for the instrument panel frame consists of tube pre-be nding and final hydroforming. To accomplish hydroforming process design successf ully, a thorough investigation of proper combination of process parameters such as internal hydraulic pressure and axial feeding is carried out by finite element simulation to predict the tube wall thickness and shape. An optimized process parameter combination is obtained and verified by the instrument panel frame hyd roforming experiment. The experiment shows that designed process parameters can be used in real production through FEA simulation, but tubular thinned amplitu de by FEA is less than that with the experiment.
摘要To design a stepping-mode laser blanking process,in this study,CAD software was redeveloped based on VBA and a computer interface was established in the process design system. The program employs the modularization method to perform functions including one-key initialization of the process planning environment,creation and deletion of blanking steps,automatic identification of belt coordinates,recognition of the number of blanking steps in each domain,and the output and import of process data. The difficult problem of recognizing CAD block references with the same name in the automatic acquisition of belt coordinates is solved using the selection sets method,which greatly improves the efficiency of the process design,while also guaranteeing rapid development of the flexible data mold in stepping-mode laser blanking.
摘要There are multiple processes and corresponding parameters in steel production, and combinations of these comprise various process routes.Different steel products require distinct process routes due to variations in performance targets.Thus, how to accurately set each key process parameter in certain process routes is an ongoing conundrum, because it not only requires a wealth of expert experience but also generates additional costs from the trial productions.In this paper, a new production design system for plate steels is proposed.The proposed system consists of methodology and function development.For methodology, multi-task Elastic Net, clustering, classification, and other methods are used to design process routes.Furthermore, the results are expressed in the form of parameter confidence intervals, which are close to practical application scenarios.For function development, the steel plate process route design function is developed on the Process Intelligent Data Application System(PIDAS) intelligent big data platform.The results demonstrate the method’s practical application value.
摘要A growing number of international studies have highlighted that ambient air pollution exposures are related to different health outcomes. To do so, researchers need to estimate exposure levels to air pollution throughout everyday life. In the literature, the most commonly used estimate is based on home address only or taking into account, in addition, the work address. However, several studies have shown the importance of daily mobility in the estimate of exposure to air pollutants. In this context, we developed an R procedure that estimates individual exposures combining home addresses, several important places, and itineraries of the principal mobility during a week. It supplies researchers a useful tool to calculate individual daily exposition to air pollutants weighting by the time spent at each of the most frequented locations (work, shopping, residential address, etc.) and while commuting. This task requires the efficient calculation of travel time matrices or the examination of multimodal transport routes. This procedure is freely available from the Equit’Area project website: (http://gffzz4be93075738549faspqp6nofp5noq60pf.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn). This procedure is structured in three parts: the first part is to create a network, the second allows to estimate main itineraries of the daily mobility and the last one tries to reconstitute the level of air pollution exposure. One main advantage of the tool is that the procedure can be used with different spatial scales and for any air pollutant.
摘要Chemical process design is a comprehensive project, involving many aspects. Its main contents include production safety, economic benefits and environmental protection. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control all links in the actual operation of chemical process, which can provide some help for relevant enterprises. In chemical process design, it is mainly to make reasonable arrangements for the production process, and the actual work needs to be carried out in strict accordance with relevant regulations. In this paper, the safety problems and control management in chemical process design are analyzed and discussed in detail. Firstly, the safety problems and solutions in chemical process design are described. Secondly, in view of this case, the problems and control points in solving management and avoiding hidden problems are put forward for detailed description and discussion, Finally, it is concluded that the chemical process design scheme can effectively ensure the safety of employees' lives and property and the personal health of staff, which plays a positive role in reducing the risk and has a certain practical significance. At the same time, it can also promote the continuous progress of China's social and economic development level, improve work efficiency and quality, achieve the goal of sustainable and healthy development, and further accelerate the construction process of socialist market economy.
摘要With the continuous progress of urbanization, people's material living standards are becoming more and more abundant, and the requirements for building forms are becoming higher and higher. Among them, the prefabricated concrete building, as a new form of building products, is deeply loved by the general public with its advantages of small pollution, low energy saving rate and high construction quality. In prefabricated concrete buildings, the whole process of design covers planning design, scheme finalization, initial design, drawing design, construction and production, and other processes, which are extremely complicated and require high architectural professionalism. In this paper, various construction processes and stages of prefabricated buildings are discussed, hoping to ensure the overall quality of prefabricated concrete buildings, to provide a guarantee for people's living.
摘要With the development of society, the chemical industry has also been growing. Due to the particularity of production raw materials, chemical process has great safety risks in the manufacturing process. In order to implement the safety requirements of chemical production, the characteristics of chemical processes must be determined first in combination with the actual situation, and then the main purpose must be to avoid various common risks, and necessary measures must be taken to optimize them, so as to fundamentally address the risk issues and further improve the safety of production operations. The following is a brief analysis of the safety risks and control strategies for chemical production process design.
摘要Safety management and risk factor identification and control are the top priorities in China's chemical process design work. In recent years, China's chemical process safety and risk accidents emerge one after another. Therefore, relevant enterprises and staff must further improve the risk factor identification and control efforts, fully grasp each chemical process design detail, further improve the safety and stability of China's chemical process design process, in order to promote the modernization process of China's chemical process design in a more efficient and optimized mode.
摘要Process design is the basis of chemical production, if the basic process is not up to standard, the later will have a great impact on production, that is, whether the chemical process design is good or not will have a great impact on the quality of chemical products and safe production. In the process design of chemical industry, there are many dangerous factors. Only by distinguishing the dangerous factors effectively and formulating the corresponding control strategy, can the safety of chemical production be better guaranteed. Based on this, this paper will analyze the risk factors in chemical process design and put forward the corresponding control methods.
摘要With China's social and economic growth, so that all industries have been rapid development, especially in the field of chemical industry, whether it is process design or chemical production technology, have a qualitative improvement, at the same time, more and more attention to chemical production safety. In the process of chemical process design, there are safety risks in chemical raw materials, reaction devices, pipelines and other factors. If safety risks cannot be effectively identified and controlled, it is easy to cause safety accidents, which threaten people's lives and health, and also affect the normal operation of enterprises. Based on this, this paper will analyze the identification and control of safety risk in chemical process design, in order to promote the long-term development of chemical industry.
摘要The laborious creation of digital images could soon be a thing of the past.Text-to-image software generates images from text descriptions through artificial intelligence,the AI can map entirely new concepts and create images in a variety of artistic styles.Existing text-to-image software is already publicly available,but does it live up to its promise,and can it be more useful to architects in their search for inspiration than previous software that uses visual search to display images?In this paper,we address the opportunities and problems of text-to-image software.To answer our question,we use a key study,this is divided into two user groups.The subjects of group A are to use DALL·E 2 to search for inspiration for a design whose task is:Design a museum with a boat dock.The same design task is also given to the subjects of group B,with the difference that they are to use Pinterest to find inspiration.We will then contrast the results of these surveys.We will document the differences of the user experience and the output of DALL·E 2 to Pinterest as well as about advantages and disadvantages of DALL·E 2 and possible future developments,and application areas of text-to-image software.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A20131)Innovative Research Team Development Program of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.IRT17R83)111 Project(Grant No.B17034)。
摘要To improve braking performance and achieve lightweight in transport equipment,it is necessary to implement overall plastic forming manufacturing of the brake pad baseboard(BPB),which is the core safety component of the brake system.This study presents an innovative multi-DOF envelope forming(MDFEF)process to realize the plastic forming of BPB with thin skin and high reinforcing ribs.The MDFEF principle for BPB,and the design methods for the envelope mold are first presented.Through FE simulations,the behavior of metal flow,uneven growth pattern of reinforcing ribs,evolution of equivalent strain and evolution of forming force in MDFEF of BPB are investigated.To realize MDFEF,an innovative MDFEF equipment driven by parallel linkages is exploited.The force states of linkages in MDFEF are calculated,and the reasonable mold position is determined to reduce the maximum force on the linkages and improve the service performance of MDFEF equipment.The MDFEF experiments of BPB are conducted and qualified BPB is obtained,which demonstrates that the presented MDFEF process and equipment are applicable to manufacture BPB with thin skin and high reinforcing ribs.