Simultaneous overabundance and scarcity of inorganic phosphate(Pi)is a critical issue driving the development of innovative water/wastewater treatment technologies that not only facilitate Pi removal to prevent eutrop...Simultaneous overabundance and scarcity of inorganic phosphate(Pi)is a critical issue driving the development of innovative water/wastewater treatment technologies that not only facilitate Pi removal to prevent eutrophication,but also recover Pi for agricultural reuse.Here,a cell-surface expressed high-affinity phosphate binding protein(PstS)system was developed,and its Pi capture and release potential was evaluated.E.coli was genetically modified to express PstS on its outer membrane using the ice nucleation protein(INP)as an anchoring motif.Verification of protein expression and localization were performed utilizing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE),western blot,and outer membrane separation analyses.Cell surface characterization was investigated through acid-base titration,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).These tests provided information on the macromolecular structure and composition of the bacteria surface as well as the proton-exchange properties of the surface functional groups(i.e.,pKa values).Phosphate desorption and adsorption batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature,pH,and ionic strength on phosphate capture and release.The PstS surface-displayed cells demonstrated greater potential to release and capture phosphate compared to non-modified cells.Higher temperatures up to 40℃,basic pH conditions(pH=10.5),and higher ionic strength up to 1.0 mol/L KCl promoted 20%-50%higher phosphate release.展开更多
随着新能源大规模接入电网,潮流分布不均问题日益凸显,严重影响电网可靠性与灵活性,故急需能够提升电网潮流动态控制能力的手段。首先,文中针对线路潮流分布不均,需要频繁调控潮流的应用场景,提出一种基于三电平中点箝位(neutral point ...随着新能源大规模接入电网,潮流分布不均问题日益凸显,严重影响电网可靠性与灵活性,故急需能够提升电网潮流动态控制能力的手段。首先,文中针对线路潮流分布不均,需要频繁调控潮流的应用场景,提出一种基于三电平中点箝位(neutral point clamped,NPC)型逆变器的新型混合潮流控制器(hybrid power flow controller,HPFC),结合移相变压器(phase-shifting transformer,PST)大幅离散调节与三电平NPC小范围柔性调节的特点,实现对潮流大范围的精确控制。然后,理论分析PST与三电平NPC的工作原理,提出一种二者相协同的控制策略,并确定HPFC的整体运行方式与工作范围。最后,以220 kV双回线路为应用场景,在PSCAD/EMTDC平台仿真验证所提新型HPFC控制策略的有效性及其对潮流的控制能力。结果表明,所提新型HPFC能有效优化传统两电平电压源换流器(voltage source converter,VSC)输出谐波含量较高的缺陷,实现对潮流的大范围柔性控制,且针对目标潮流频繁变化的动态场景,HPFC也能快速精确地作出响应。展开更多
A hybrid model combining Fully Non-Linear Potential Flow Theory(FNPT)based on the Finite Element Method(FEM)and the Unified Navier-Stokes equation,using the 3D Improved Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin method with Ranki...A hybrid model combining Fully Non-Linear Potential Flow Theory(FNPT)based on the Finite Element Method(FEM)and the Unified Navier-Stokes equation,using the 3D Improved Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin method with Rankine Source(IMLPG_R),is developed to study wave interactions with a porous layer.In previous studies,the above formulations are applied to wave interaction with fixed cylindrical structures.The present study extends this framework by integrating a unified governing equation within the hybrid modeling approach to capture the dynamics of wave interaction with porous media.The porous layers are employed to replicate the wave-dissipating behavior of the structure.A weak coupling strategy is implemented within a designated buffer zone,wherein field variables from the 2D Fully Nonlinear Potential Theory(FNPT)simulations are transferred to the 3D Improved Moving Least Squares-based Petrov-Galerkin(IMLPG_R)model at each time step.This domain decomposition significantly reduces computational cost compared to a full 3D simulation by partitioning the domain into two subregions:the FNPT domain representing the far-field without structures,and the IMLPG_R domain encompassing the porous region.The Unified Navier-Stokes formulation is extended by incorporating additional drag forces governed by Darcy’s law to model the resistance introduced by the porous medium.A stationary background node framework is utilized for interpolation by fluid particles at each time step to accommodate the porous representation.To enhance numerical stability and accuracy,particularly in the presence of sloping boundaries,the Particle Shifting Technique(PST)is integrated into the IMLPG_R model.This implementation involves a modified version of the PST algorithm,where key parameters such as the weight function,velocity ratio,and radius of influence are optimized for IMLPG_R.This is the first time the application of 3D IMLPG_R for porous structure has been reported.Further,the model is subsequently validated against experimental data.展开更多
基金supported by CAREER award 1554511 from the National Science Foundation(NSF)。
摘要Simultaneous overabundance and scarcity of inorganic phosphate(Pi)is a critical issue driving the development of innovative water/wastewater treatment technologies that not only facilitate Pi removal to prevent eutrophication,but also recover Pi for agricultural reuse.Here,a cell-surface expressed high-affinity phosphate binding protein(PstS)system was developed,and its Pi capture and release potential was evaluated.E.coli was genetically modified to express PstS on its outer membrane using the ice nucleation protein(INP)as an anchoring motif.Verification of protein expression and localization were performed utilizing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE),western blot,and outer membrane separation analyses.Cell surface characterization was investigated through acid-base titration,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).These tests provided information on the macromolecular structure and composition of the bacteria surface as well as the proton-exchange properties of the surface functional groups(i.e.,pKa values).Phosphate desorption and adsorption batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature,pH,and ionic strength on phosphate capture and release.The PstS surface-displayed cells demonstrated greater potential to release and capture phosphate compared to non-modified cells.Higher temperatures up to 40℃,basic pH conditions(pH=10.5),and higher ionic strength up to 1.0 mol/L KCl promoted 20%-50%higher phosphate release.
摘要随着新能源大规模接入电网,潮流分布不均问题日益凸显,严重影响电网可靠性与灵活性,故急需能够提升电网潮流动态控制能力的手段。首先,文中针对线路潮流分布不均,需要频繁调控潮流的应用场景,提出一种基于三电平中点箝位(neutral point clamped,NPC)型逆变器的新型混合潮流控制器(hybrid power flow controller,HPFC),结合移相变压器(phase-shifting transformer,PST)大幅离散调节与三电平NPC小范围柔性调节的特点,实现对潮流大范围的精确控制。然后,理论分析PST与三电平NPC的工作原理,提出一种二者相协同的控制策略,并确定HPFC的整体运行方式与工作范围。最后,以220 kV双回线路为应用场景,在PSCAD/EMTDC平台仿真验证所提新型HPFC控制策略的有效性及其对潮流的控制能力。结果表明,所提新型HPFC能有效优化传统两电平电压源换流器(voltage source converter,VSC)输出谐波含量较高的缺陷,实现对潮流的大范围柔性控制,且针对目标潮流频繁变化的动态场景,HPFC也能快速精确地作出响应。
基金funded by Prime Minister’s Research Fellowship(PMRF),grant number SB22230924OEPMRF008608.
摘要A hybrid model combining Fully Non-Linear Potential Flow Theory(FNPT)based on the Finite Element Method(FEM)and the Unified Navier-Stokes equation,using the 3D Improved Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin method with Rankine Source(IMLPG_R),is developed to study wave interactions with a porous layer.In previous studies,the above formulations are applied to wave interaction with fixed cylindrical structures.The present study extends this framework by integrating a unified governing equation within the hybrid modeling approach to capture the dynamics of wave interaction with porous media.The porous layers are employed to replicate the wave-dissipating behavior of the structure.A weak coupling strategy is implemented within a designated buffer zone,wherein field variables from the 2D Fully Nonlinear Potential Theory(FNPT)simulations are transferred to the 3D Improved Moving Least Squares-based Petrov-Galerkin(IMLPG_R)model at each time step.This domain decomposition significantly reduces computational cost compared to a full 3D simulation by partitioning the domain into two subregions:the FNPT domain representing the far-field without structures,and the IMLPG_R domain encompassing the porous region.The Unified Navier-Stokes formulation is extended by incorporating additional drag forces governed by Darcy’s law to model the resistance introduced by the porous medium.A stationary background node framework is utilized for interpolation by fluid particles at each time step to accommodate the porous representation.To enhance numerical stability and accuracy,particularly in the presence of sloping boundaries,the Particle Shifting Technique(PST)is integrated into the IMLPG_R model.This implementation involves a modified version of the PST algorithm,where key parameters such as the weight function,velocity ratio,and radius of influence are optimized for IMLPG_R.This is the first time the application of 3D IMLPG_R for porous structure has been reported.Further,the model is subsequently validated against experimental data.