The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)into high-value C2+hydrocarbons represents a sustainable pathway to alleviate energy shortages and reduce atmospheric CO2levels.In this study,a unique tandem...The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)into high-value C2+hydrocarbons represents a sustainable pathway to alleviate energy shortages and reduce atmospheric CO2levels.In this study,a unique tandem photocatalyst(CoTi-CN)is constructed by integrating bimetallic CoTi-MOF with metal-free half-metallic C(CN)3.This composite demonstrates markedly enhanced activity and selectivity in the photocatalytic CO2reduction to ethylene(C2H4),achieving a C2H4selectivity of 36.8%and a generation yield of 31.3μmol g-1over 5 h.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations combined with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)analysis reveal that C(CN)3acts as an efficient CO2to CO converter,while CoTi-MOF favors the adsorption and C-C coupling of*CO intermediates.The spatially decoupled CO generation and C-C coupling processes lead to optimized intermediate coverage and reduced energy barriers,resulting in superior selectivity toward multi-carbon products.This work opens new horizons for the design of tandem photocatalysts that combine half-metallic catalysts with bimetallic MOFs,achieving a significant enhancement in the activity and selectivity of photocatalytic C2H4production.展开更多
Catalytic aryl ether C—O bonds hydrogenolysis was an important route to convert lignite into high valueadded chemicals.Solid super acid 10%Ni-S2O82-=ZrO2 catalysts were successfully synthesized and evalua...Catalytic aryl ether C—O bonds hydrogenolysis was an important route to convert lignite into high valueadded chemicals.Solid super acid 10%Ni-S2O82-=ZrO2 catalysts were successfully synthesized and evaluated their performance in catalytic hydrolysis of lignite derivatives.The excellent performance of 10%Ni-S2O82-=ZrO2 stems from the synergistic interaction between metallic and acidic sites.Specifically,the acidic sites generated by S2O82- facilitate the adsorption of O atoms in the substrate,whereas the metal sites optimize the process of hydrogen adsorption and activation and promote the generation of hydrogen radicals,which further enhances the ability to break C—O bonds.Thus,10%Ni-S2O82-=ZrO2 exhibits more significantcatalytic activity compared to 10%Ni-ZrO2 prepared from pure ZrO2 as a support.Characterization results showed that the 10%Ni-S2O82-=ZrO2 catalyst prepared by sodium borohydride reduction method presented a uniform pore structure,which effectively promoted the dispersion of metal Ni on the catalyst surface.Complete conversion of diphenyl ether(DPE)can be achieved under relatively mild conditions,and excellent hydrogenolysis activity is also demonstrated for other lignite derivatives containing C—O bonds.The possible reaction mechanism of DPE hydrogenolysis in the H2-isopropanol system was investigated.This work represents a significantstep forward in the design of highly efficientsolid super acid catalysts.展开更多
Carbonate-modified metal-support interfaces allow Ru/MnCO3 catalyst to exhibit over 99% selectivity,great specific activity and long-term anti-CO poisoning stability in atmospheric CO2 methanation.As a contrast,...Carbonate-modified metal-support interfaces allow Ru/MnCO3 catalyst to exhibit over 99% selectivity,great specific activity and long-term anti-CO poisoning stability in atmospheric CO2 methanation.As a contrast,Ru/MnO catalyst with metal-oxide interfaces prefers reverse water-gas shift rather than methanation route,along with a remarkably lower activity and a less than 15% CH4 selectivity.The carbonatemodified interfaces are found to stabilize the Ru species and activate CO2 and H2 molecules.Ru-CO4 species are identified as the reaction intermediates steadily formed from CO2 dissociation,which show moderate adsorption strength and high reactivity in further hydrogenation to CH4,Furthermore,carbonates of Ru/MnCO3 are found to be consumed by hydrogenation to form CH4 and replenished by exchange with CO2,which are in a dynamic equilibrium during the reaction.Modification with surface carbonates is proved as an efficient strategy to endow metal-support interfaces of Ru-based catalysts with unique catalytic functions for selective CO2 hydrogenation.展开更多
The surface nature of fresh Mo2N/Al2O3, Mo2C/Al2O3 and/MoP/Al2O3 catalysts, which were synthesized directly in the IR cell to avoid passivation, were characterized by in situ IR spectroscopy with CO as a probe molecul...The surface nature of fresh Mo2N/Al2O3, Mo2C/Al2O3 and/MoP/Al2O3 catalysts, which were synthesized directly in the IR cell to avoid passivation, were characterized by in situ IR spectroscopy with CO as a probe molecule. CO adsorbed on fresh catalysts showed characteristic IR bands at 2045 cm-1 for Mo2N/Al2O3 catalyst, 2054 cm-1 for MozC/Al2O3 catalyst and 2037 cm-1 for MoP/Al2O3 catalyst, respectively. A strong band at 2200 cm-1 for Mo2N/Al2O3 catalyst, which could be ascribed to NCO species formed when CO reacted upon surface active nitrogen atoms, and a weak band at 2196 cm-1 for Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst, which could be attributed to CCO species, were also detected. CO adsorbed on fresh Mo2N/Al2O3 catalyst, Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst and MoP/Al2O3 catalyst, showed strong molecular adsorption, just like noble metals. Our experimental results are bolstered by direct IR evidence demonstrating the similarity in surface electronic property between the fresh Mo2N/Al2O3, Mo2C/Al2O3 and MoP/Al2O3 catalysts and noble metals.展开更多
Green and economical CO2utilization is significant for CO2emission reduction and energy development.Here,the 1D Mo2C nanowires with dominant(101)crystal surfaces were modified by the deposition of atomic func...Green and economical CO2utilization is significant for CO2emission reduction and energy development.Here,the 1D Mo2C nanowires with dominant(101)crystal surfaces were modified by the deposition of atomic functional components Rh and K.While unmodifiedβMo2C could only convert CO2to methanol,the designed catalyst of K0.2Rh0.2/β-Mo2C exhibited up to 72.1%of ethanol selectivity at 150℃.It was observed that the atomically dispersed Rh could form the bifunctional active centres with the active carrierβMo2C with the synergistic effects to achieve highly specific controlled C–C coupling.By promoting the CO2adsorption and activation,the introduction of an alkali metal(K)mainly regulated the balanced performance of the two active centres,which in turn improved the hydrogenation selectivity.Overall,the controlled modification ofβMo2C provides a new design strategy for the highly efficient,lowtemperature hydrogenation of CO2to ethanol with single-atom catalysts,which provides an excellent example for the rational design of the complex catalysts.展开更多
Catalyst support is extremely important for future fuel cell devices.In this work,we developed doubleshelled C/TiO2(DSCT)hollow spheres as an excellent catalyst support via a template-directed method.The combination o...Catalyst support is extremely important for future fuel cell devices.In this work,we developed doubleshelled C/TiO2(DSCT)hollow spheres as an excellent catalyst support via a template-directed method.The combination of hollow structure,TiO2 shell and carbon layer results in excellent electron conductivity,electrocatalytic activity,and chemical stability.These uniformed DSCT hollow spheres are used as catalyst support to synthesize Pt/DSCT hollow spheres electrocatalyst.The resulting Pt/DSCT hollow spheres exhibited high catalytic performance with a current density of 462 mA mg^-1 for methanol oxidation reaction,which is 2.52 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C.Furthermore,the increased tolerance to carbonaceous poisoning with a higher If/Ibratio and a better long-term stability in acid media suggests that the DSCT hollow sphere is a promising C/TiO2-based catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cells applications.展开更多
The activity of Mo2 C-based catalyst on vegetable oil conversion into biofuel could be greatedly promoted by tuning the carbon content,while its modification mechanism on the surface properties remained elusive.Her...The activity of Mo2 C-based catalyst on vegetable oil conversion into biofuel could be greatedly promoted by tuning the carbon content,while its modification mechanism on the surface properties remained elusive.Herein,the exposed active sites,the particle size and Lewis acid amount of Ni-Mo2 C/MCM-41 catalysts were regulated by varying CH4 content in carbonization gas.The activity of Ni-Mo2 C/MCM-41 catalysts in jatropha oil(JO)conversion showed a volcano-like trend over the catalysts with increasing CH4 content from 15%to 50%in the preparation process.The one prepared by 25%CH4 content(NiMo2 C(25)/MCM-41)exhibited the outstanding catalytic performance with 83.9 wt%biofuel yield and95.2%C15-C18 selectivity.Such a variation of activity was ascribed to the most exposed active sites,the smallest particle size,and the lowest Lewis acid amount from Ni0 on the Ni-Mo2 C(25)/MCM-41 catalyst surface.Moreover,the Ni-Mo2 C(25)/MCM-41 catalyst could also effectively catalyze the conversion of crude waste cooking oil(WCO)into green diesel.This study offers an effective strategy to improve catalytic performance of molybdenum carbide catalyst on vegetable oil conversion.展开更多
The catalyst screening tests for carbon dioxide oxidative coupling of methane (CO2-OCM) have been investigated over ternary and binary metal oxide catalysts. The catalysts are prepared by doping MgO- and CeO2-based so...The catalyst screening tests for carbon dioxide oxidative coupling of methane (CO2-OCM) have been investigated over ternary and binary metal oxide catalysts. The catalysts are prepared by doping MgO- and CeO2-based solids with oxides from alkali (Li2O), alkaline earth (CaO), and transition metal groups (WO3 or MnO). The presence of the peroxide (O2-2) active sites on the Li2O2, revealed by Raman spectroscopy, may be the key factor in the enhanced performance of some of the Li2O/MgO catalysts. The high reducibility of the CeO2 catalyst, an important factor in the CO2-OCM catalyst activity, may be enhanced by the presence of manganese oxide species. The manganese oxide species increases oxygen mobility and oxygen vacancies in the CeO2 catalyst. Raman and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopies revealed the presence of lattice vibrations of metal-oxygen bondings and active sites in which the peaks corresponding to the bulk crystalline structures of Li2O, CaO, WO3 and MnO are detected. The performance of 5%MnO/15%CaO/CeO2 catalyst is the most potential among the CeO2-based catalysts, although lower than the 2%Li2O/MgO catalyst. The 2%Li2O/MgO catalyst showed the most promising C2+ hydrocarbons selectivity and yield at 98.0% and 5.7%, respectively.展开更多
Silica-grafted N-propyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Sipim]HSO4) is employed as a recyclable heterogeneous ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrano[c]-chromenes by the reaction of aromatic aldehy...Silica-grafted N-propyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Sipim]HSO4) is employed as a recyclable heterogeneous ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrano[c]-chromenes by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin at 100°C under solvent-free conditions. Also, heterogeneous ionic liquid catalyst was used for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]-pyrazoles by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and 3-methyl-l-phenyl-5-pyrazolone at 110°C under solvent-free conditions. The heterogeneous ionic liquid showed much the same efficiency when used in consecutive reaction runs.展开更多
The metal oxide promoter decisively influences the overall performance of Fe catalysts in the direct hydrogenation of CO2to C5+hydrocarbons.However,the roles of metal oxide promoter for Fe catalysts,particularly...The metal oxide promoter decisively influences the overall performance of Fe catalysts in the direct hydrogenation of CO2to C5+hydrocarbons.However,the roles of metal oxide promoter for Fe catalysts,particularly ZrO2,have rarely been investigated.To plug this knowledge gap,a new Fe catalyst promoted with Na and partially reduced ZrOx(Na-FeZrOx-9)was developed in this study;the catalyst helped produce C5+hydrocarbons in remarkably high yield(26.3%at 360℃).In contrast to ZrOx-free Fe-oxide,NaFeZrOx-9 exhibited long-term stability for CO2hydrogenation(750 h on-stream).The findings revealed multiple roles of ZrOx.Notably,ZrOxdecorated the Fe-oxide particles after calcination,thereby suppressing excess particle aggregation during the reaction,and acted as a"coke remover"to eliminate the carbon deposited on the catalyst surface.Additionally,oxygen vacancy(Ov)sites in ZrOxand electron transfer from ZrOxto Fe sites facilitated the adsorption of CO2at the Zr-Fe interface.展开更多
The Fischer–Tropsch to olefins(FTO) process is a method for the direct conversion of synthesis gas to lower C–Colefins. Carbon-supported iron carbide nanoparticles are attractive catalysts for this reaction.The ca...The Fischer–Tropsch to olefins(FTO) process is a method for the direct conversion of synthesis gas to lower C–Colefins. Carbon-supported iron carbide nanoparticles are attractive catalysts for this reaction.The catalytic activity can be improved and undesired formation of alkanes can be suppressed by the addition of sodium and sulfur as promoters but the influence of their content and ratio remains poorly understood and the promoted catalysts often suffer from rapid deactivation due to particle growth. A series of carbon black-supported iron catalysts with similar iron content and nominal sodium/sulfur loadings of 1–30/0.5–5 wt% with respect to iron are prepared and characterized under FTO conditions at 1and 10 bar syngas pressure to illuminate the influence of the promoter level on the catalytic properties.Iron particles and promoters undergo significant reorganization during FTO operation under industrially relevant conditions. Low sodium content(1–3 wt%) leads to a delay in iron carbide formation. Sodium contents of 15–30 wt% lead to rapid loss of catalytic activity due to the covering of the iron surface with promoters during particle growth under FTO operation. Higher activity and slower loss of activity are observed at low promoter contents(1–3 wt% sodium and 0.5–1 wt% sulfur) but a minimum amount of alkali is required to effectively suppress methane and C–Cparaffin formation. A reference catalyst support(carbide-derived carbon aerogel) shows that the optimum promoter level depends on iron particle size and support pore structure.展开更多
Co-Cu-based catalysts are widely applied in higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) from synthesis gas. Although the nature of the active sites is still not fully understood, the formation of Co2C under HAS conditions seems to...Co-Cu-based catalysts are widely applied in higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) from synthesis gas. Although the nature of the active sites is still not fully understood, the formation of Co2C under HAS conditions seems to play a major role. A CO pretreatment procedure was developed allowing a systematic investigation of the influence of cobalt carbidization on the structural properties and catalytic performance of the catalysts. By exposing the catalyst to a CO-containing atmosphere prior to HAS, Co enrichment of the catalyst surface occurred followed by carbide formation. This surface modification decreased the formation of hydrocarbons and enhanced the formation of C2+OH. The catalyst pretreated with CO at 20 bar achieved the highest selectivity to ethanol and the lowest hydrocarbon selectivity.展开更多
The adsorption of acetonitrile and its co-adsorption with CO on fresh Mo2C/Al2O3catalyst have been studied by insitu FT-IR spectroscopy.Linearly adsorbed CH_3CN and CH3CH2NH2were formed after CH_3CN ...The adsorption of acetonitrile and its co-adsorption with CO on fresh Mo2C/Al2O3catalyst have been studied by insitu FT-IR spectroscopy.Linearly adsorbed CH_3CN and CH3CH2NH2were formed after CH_3CN adsorption on the Mo_2C/Al_2O3catalyst.The appearance of a strong band at 1578 cm-1indicates that CH_3CN was reactive with hydrogen on the Mo_2C/Al_2O3catalyst.展开更多
Selective hydrogenolysis of cellulose into C6-ketones offers a promising route for the production of high-value carbonyl compounds.However,conventional metal-catalyzed hydrogenolysis methods typically rely on exter...Selective hydrogenolysis of cellulose into C6-ketones offers a promising route for the production of high-value carbonyl compounds.However,conventional metal-catalyzed hydrogenolysis methods typically rely on externally added acids and require high-purity H2.Herein,we report an alternative syngas-promoted hydrogenolysis method that eliminates these dual dependencies while enabling the selective transformation of cellulose into value-added C6-ketones.Under optimal conditions,using a commercial Pd/C catalyst at 230℃and 3.0 MPa total pressure(H2/CO=1.5/1.5 MPa)for 2 h,the yield of C6-ketones reached 37.8%,representing a 6.8-fold enhancement compared to that obtained under pure H2.Mechanistic studies demonstrated a dual promotional effect of CO in directing cellulose to C6-ketones.First,competitive adsorption of CO on Pd active sites suppresses excessive hydrogenation and undesired hydrogenolysis of cellulose-derived intermediates.Second,CO participates in the water-gas shift(WGS)reaction(CO+H2O⇌CO2+H2),generating carbonic acid(H2CO3)in-situ via CO2+H2O⇌H2CO3,which provides a controllable acidic environment that promotes key intermediate transformations associated with C6-ketone precursor formation.展开更多
Single‐atom catalysts(SACs)have demonstrated excellent performances in chemoselective hydrogenation reactions.However,the employment of precious metals and/or organic solvents compromises their sustainability.Herein,...Single‐atom catalysts(SACs)have demonstrated excellent performances in chemoselective hydrogenation reactions.However,the employment of precious metals and/or organic solvents compromises their sustainability.Herein,we for the first time report the chemoselective hydrogenation of 3‐nitrostyrene over noble‐metal‐free Co‐N‐C SAC in green solvent—compressed CO2.An interesting inverted V‐curve relation is observed between the catalytic activity and CO2 pressure,where the conversion of 3‐nitrostyrene reaches the maximum of 100%at 5.0 MPa CO2(total pressure of 8.1 MPa).Meanwhile,the selectivities to 3‐vinylaniline at all pressures remain high(>99%).Phase behavior studies reveal that,in sharp contrast with the single phase which is formed at total pressure above 10.8 MPa,bi‐phase composed of CO2/H2gas‐rich phase and CO2‐expanded substrate liquid phase forms at total pressure of 8.1 MPa,which dramatically changes the reaction kinetics of the catalytic system.The reaction order with respect to H2pressure decreases from~0.5 to zero at total pressure of 8.1 MPa,suggesting the dissolved CO2 in 3‐nitrostyrene greatly promotes the dissolution of H2in the substrate,which is responsible for the high catalytic activity at the peak of the inverted V‐curve.展开更多
The adsorption of acetonitrile, the co-adsorption of acetonitrile with CO, and hydrogenation of acetonitrile on fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. It was found out that CH3CN exhibit...The adsorption of acetonitrile, the co-adsorption of acetonitrile with CO, and hydrogenation of acetonitrile on fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. It was found out that CH3CN exhibited strong interaction with the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and was adsorbed mainly on Moδ+ sites of fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Moreover, CH3CN could affect the shifting of IR spectra for CO adsorption towards a lower wave number. The IR spectroscopic study on acetonitrile hydrogenation showed that CH3CN could be easily hydrogenated in the presence of H2 on the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Furthermore, it was observed that CH3 CN could be selectively hydrogenated to imines on fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Additionally, the active sites of fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst might be covered with coke during the hydrogenation reaction of acetonitrile. The treatment of catalyst with hydrogen at 673 K could not completely remove coke deposits on the surface of the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.展开更多
The surface species formed from the adsorption of 1,3-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation over the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. It is found that 1,3-butadiene adsorption o...The surface species formed from the adsorption of 1,3-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation over the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. It is found that 1,3-butadiene adsorption on the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst mainly forms π-adsorbed butadiene(πs and πd) and σ-bonded surface species. These species are adsorbed mainly on the surface Moδ+(0<δ<2) sites as evidenced by co-adsorption of 1,3-butadiene and CO on the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The IR spectrometric analysis show that hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst produces mainly butane coupled with a small portion of butene. The selectivity of butene during the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst might be explained by the adsorption mode of adsorbed 1,3-butadiene. Additionally, the active sites of the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst may be covered by coke during the hydrogenation reaction of 1,3-butadiene. The treatment with hydrogen at 673 K cannot remove the coke deposits from the surface of the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51303083)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scholars(51922050)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20191293)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30920021123).
摘要The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)into high-value C2+hydrocarbons represents a sustainable pathway to alleviate energy shortages and reduce atmospheric CO2levels.In this study,a unique tandem photocatalyst(CoTi-CN)is constructed by integrating bimetallic CoTi-MOF with metal-free half-metallic C(CN)3.This composite demonstrates markedly enhanced activity and selectivity in the photocatalytic CO2reduction to ethylene(C2H4),achieving a C2H4selectivity of 36.8%and a generation yield of 31.3μmol g-1over 5 h.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations combined with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)analysis reveal that C(CN)3acts as an efficient CO2to CO converter,while CoTi-MOF favors the adsorption and C-C coupling of*CO intermediates.The spatially decoupled CO generation and C-C coupling processes lead to optimized intermediate coverage and reduced energy barriers,resulting in superior selectivity toward multi-carbon products.This work opens new horizons for the design of tandem photocatalysts that combine half-metallic catalysts with bimetallic MOFs,achieving a significant enhancement in the activity and selectivity of photocatalytic C2H4production.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4101100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178375 and 22478414)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
摘要Catalytic aryl ether C—O bonds hydrogenolysis was an important route to convert lignite into high valueadded chemicals.Solid super acid 10%Ni-S2O82-=ZrO2 catalysts were successfully synthesized and evaluated their performance in catalytic hydrolysis of lignite derivatives.The excellent performance of 10%Ni-S2O82-=ZrO2 stems from the synergistic interaction between metallic and acidic sites.Specifically,the acidic sites generated by S2O82- facilitate the adsorption of O atoms in the substrate,whereas the metal sites optimize the process of hydrogen adsorption and activation and promote the generation of hydrogen radicals,which further enhances the ability to break C—O bonds.Thus,10%Ni-S2O82-=ZrO2 exhibits more significantcatalytic activity compared to 10%Ni-ZrO2 prepared from pure ZrO2 as a support.Characterization results showed that the 10%Ni-S2O82-=ZrO2 catalyst prepared by sodium borohydride reduction method presented a uniform pore structure,which effectively promoted the dispersion of metal Ni on the catalyst surface.Complete conversion of diphenyl ether(DPE)can be achieved under relatively mild conditions,and excellent hydrogenolysis activity is also demonstrated for other lignite derivatives containing C—O bonds.The possible reaction mechanism of DPE hydrogenolysis in the H2-isopropanol system was investigated.This work represents a significantstep forward in the design of highly efficientsolid super acid catalysts.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFE0122600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21802070).
摘要Carbonate-modified metal-support interfaces allow Ru/MnCO3 catalyst to exhibit over 99% selectivity,great specific activity and long-term anti-CO poisoning stability in atmospheric CO2 methanation.As a contrast,Ru/MnO catalyst with metal-oxide interfaces prefers reverse water-gas shift rather than methanation route,along with a remarkably lower activity and a less than 15% CH4 selectivity.The carbonatemodified interfaces are found to stabilize the Ru species and activate CO2 and H2 molecules.Ru-CO4 species are identified as the reaction intermediates steadily formed from CO2 dissociation,which show moderate adsorption strength and high reactivity in further hydrogenation to CH4,Furthermore,carbonates of Ru/MnCO3 are found to be consumed by hydrogenation to form CH4 and replenished by exchange with CO2,which are in a dynamic equilibrium during the reaction.Modification with surface carbonates is proved as an efficient strategy to endow metal-support interfaces of Ru-based catalysts with unique catalytic functions for selective CO2 hydrogenation.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.20903054).
摘要The surface nature of fresh Mo2N/Al2O3, Mo2C/Al2O3 and/MoP/Al2O3 catalysts, which were synthesized directly in the IR cell to avoid passivation, were characterized by in situ IR spectroscopy with CO as a probe molecule. CO adsorbed on fresh catalysts showed characteristic IR bands at 2045 cm-1 for Mo2N/Al2O3 catalyst, 2054 cm-1 for MozC/Al2O3 catalyst and 2037 cm-1 for MoP/Al2O3 catalyst, respectively. A strong band at 2200 cm-1 for Mo2N/Al2O3 catalyst, which could be ascribed to NCO species formed when CO reacted upon surface active nitrogen atoms, and a weak band at 2196 cm-1 for Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst, which could be attributed to CCO species, were also detected. CO adsorbed on fresh Mo2N/Al2O3 catalyst, Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst and MoP/Al2O3 catalyst, showed strong molecular adsorption, just like noble metals. Our experimental results are bolstered by direct IR evidence demonstrating the similarity in surface electronic property between the fresh Mo2N/Al2O3, Mo2C/Al2O3 and MoP/Al2O3 catalysts and noble metals.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21925803,U19A2015)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB36030200)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1907170).
摘要Green and economical CO2utilization is significant for CO2emission reduction and energy development.Here,the 1D Mo2C nanowires with dominant(101)crystal surfaces were modified by the deposition of atomic functional components Rh and K.While unmodifiedβMo2C could only convert CO2to methanol,the designed catalyst of K0.2Rh0.2/β-Mo2C exhibited up to 72.1%of ethanol selectivity at 150℃.It was observed that the atomically dispersed Rh could form the bifunctional active centres with the active carrierβMo2C with the synergistic effects to achieve highly specific controlled C–C coupling.By promoting the CO2adsorption and activation,the introduction of an alkali metal(K)mainly regulated the balanced performance of the two active centres,which in turn improved the hydrogenation selectivity.Overall,the controlled modification ofβMo2C provides a new design strategy for the highly efficient,lowtemperature hydrogenation of CO2to ethanol with single-atom catalysts,which provides an excellent example for the rational design of the complex catalysts.
基金supported by the Scholarship from China Scholarship Council(CSC)(Grant no.201604910621)。
摘要Catalyst support is extremely important for future fuel cell devices.In this work,we developed doubleshelled C/TiO2(DSCT)hollow spheres as an excellent catalyst support via a template-directed method.The combination of hollow structure,TiO2 shell and carbon layer results in excellent electron conductivity,electrocatalytic activity,and chemical stability.These uniformed DSCT hollow spheres are used as catalyst support to synthesize Pt/DSCT hollow spheres electrocatalyst.The resulting Pt/DSCT hollow spheres exhibited high catalytic performance with a current density of 462 mA mg^-1 for methanol oxidation reaction,which is 2.52 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C.Furthermore,the increased tolerance to carbonaceous poisoning with a higher If/Ibratio and a better long-term stability in acid media suggests that the DSCT hollow sphere is a promising C/TiO2-based catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cells applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21972099)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Special Scientific Research Instrument and Equipment Development)(No.21427803-2)the 111 project(No.B17030)。
摘要The activity of Mo2 C-based catalyst on vegetable oil conversion into biofuel could be greatedly promoted by tuning the carbon content,while its modification mechanism on the surface properties remained elusive.Herein,the exposed active sites,the particle size and Lewis acid amount of Ni-Mo2 C/MCM-41 catalysts were regulated by varying CH4 content in carbonization gas.The activity of Ni-Mo2 C/MCM-41 catalysts in jatropha oil(JO)conversion showed a volcano-like trend over the catalysts with increasing CH4 content from 15%to 50%in the preparation process.The one prepared by 25%CH4 content(NiMo2 C(25)/MCM-41)exhibited the outstanding catalytic performance with 83.9 wt%biofuel yield and95.2%C15-C18 selectivity.Such a variation of activity was ascribed to the most exposed active sites,the smallest particle size,and the lowest Lewis acid amount from Ni0 on the Ni-Mo2 C(25)/MCM-41 catalyst surface.Moreover,the Ni-Mo2 C(25)/MCM-41 catalyst could also effectively catalyze the conversion of crude waste cooking oil(WCO)into green diesel.This study offers an effective strategy to improve catalytic performance of molybdenum carbide catalyst on vegetable oil conversion.
摘要The catalyst screening tests for carbon dioxide oxidative coupling of methane (CO2-OCM) have been investigated over ternary and binary metal oxide catalysts. The catalysts are prepared by doping MgO- and CeO2-based solids with oxides from alkali (Li2O), alkaline earth (CaO), and transition metal groups (WO3 or MnO). The presence of the peroxide (O2-2) active sites on the Li2O2, revealed by Raman spectroscopy, may be the key factor in the enhanced performance of some of the Li2O/MgO catalysts. The high reducibility of the CeO2 catalyst, an important factor in the CO2-OCM catalyst activity, may be enhanced by the presence of manganese oxide species. The manganese oxide species increases oxygen mobility and oxygen vacancies in the CeO2 catalyst. Raman and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopies revealed the presence of lattice vibrations of metal-oxygen bondings and active sites in which the peaks corresponding to the bulk crystalline structures of Li2O, CaO, WO3 and MnO are detected. The performance of 5%MnO/15%CaO/CeO2 catalyst is the most potential among the CeO2-based catalysts, although lower than the 2%Li2O/MgO catalyst. The 2%Li2O/MgO catalyst showed the most promising C2+ hydrocarbons selectivity and yield at 98.0% and 5.7%, respectively.
摘要Silica-grafted N-propyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Sipim]HSO4) is employed as a recyclable heterogeneous ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrano[c]-chromenes by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin at 100°C under solvent-free conditions. Also, heterogeneous ionic liquid catalyst was used for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]-pyrazoles by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and 3-methyl-l-phenyl-5-pyrazolone at 110°C under solvent-free conditions. The heterogeneous ionic liquid showed much the same efficiency when used in consecutive reaction runs.
基金financial support from the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea(CAP21012-100)the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP),under the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE),Republic of Korea(20224C10300010)the KETEP grant funded by the MOTIE(20224000000440,Sector coupling energy industry advancement manpower training program)。
摘要The metal oxide promoter decisively influences the overall performance of Fe catalysts in the direct hydrogenation of CO2to C5+hydrocarbons.However,the roles of metal oxide promoter for Fe catalysts,particularly ZrO2,have rarely been investigated.To plug this knowledge gap,a new Fe catalyst promoted with Na and partially reduced ZrOx(Na-FeZrOx-9)was developed in this study;the catalyst helped produce C5+hydrocarbons in remarkably high yield(26.3%at 360℃).In contrast to ZrOx-free Fe-oxide,NaFeZrOx-9 exhibited long-term stability for CO2hydrogenation(750 h on-stream).The findings revealed multiple roles of ZrOx.Notably,ZrOxdecorated the Fe-oxide particles after calcination,thereby suppressing excess particle aggregation during the reaction,and acted as a"coke remover"to eliminate the carbon deposited on the catalyst surface.Additionally,oxygen vacancy(Ov)sites in ZrOxand electron transfer from ZrOxto Fe sites facilitated the adsorption of CO2at the Zr-Fe interface.
基金supported by a Post Doc grant of the German Academic Exchange Service(Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst,DAAD grant no.91552012)by the European Research Council(EU FP7 ERC advanced grant no.338846)
摘要The Fischer–Tropsch to olefins(FTO) process is a method for the direct conversion of synthesis gas to lower C–Colefins. Carbon-supported iron carbide nanoparticles are attractive catalysts for this reaction.The catalytic activity can be improved and undesired formation of alkanes can be suppressed by the addition of sodium and sulfur as promoters but the influence of their content and ratio remains poorly understood and the promoted catalysts often suffer from rapid deactivation due to particle growth. A series of carbon black-supported iron catalysts with similar iron content and nominal sodium/sulfur loadings of 1–30/0.5–5 wt% with respect to iron are prepared and characterized under FTO conditions at 1and 10 bar syngas pressure to illuminate the influence of the promoter level on the catalytic properties.Iron particles and promoters undergo significant reorganization during FTO operation under industrially relevant conditions. Low sodium content(1–3 wt%) leads to a delay in iron carbide formation. Sodium contents of 15–30 wt% lead to rapid loss of catalytic activity due to the covering of the iron surface with promoters during particle growth under FTO operation. Higher activity and slower loss of activity are observed at low promoter contents(1–3 wt% sodium and 0.5–1 wt% sulfur) but a minimum amount of alkali is required to effectively suppress methane and C–Cparaffin formation. A reference catalyst support(carbide-derived carbon aerogel) shows that the optimum promoter level depends on iron particle size and support pore structure.
基金funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung,BMBF,Verbundvorhaben Carbon2Chem■,FKZ:03EK3041)
摘要Co-Cu-based catalysts are widely applied in higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) from synthesis gas. Although the nature of the active sites is still not fully understood, the formation of Co2C under HAS conditions seems to play a major role. A CO pretreatment procedure was developed allowing a systematic investigation of the influence of cobalt carbidization on the structural properties and catalytic performance of the catalysts. By exposing the catalyst to a CO-containing atmosphere prior to HAS, Co enrichment of the catalyst surface occurred followed by carbide formation. This surface modification decreased the formation of hydrocarbons and enhanced the formation of C2+OH. The catalyst pretreated with CO at 20 bar achieved the highest selectivity to ethanol and the lowest hydrocarbon selectivity.
摘要The adsorption of acetonitrile and its co-adsorption with CO on fresh Mo2C/Al2O3catalyst have been studied by insitu FT-IR spectroscopy.Linearly adsorbed CH_3CN and CH3CH2NH2were formed after CH_3CN adsorption on the Mo_2C/Al_2O3catalyst.The appearance of a strong band at 1578 cm-1indicates that CH_3CN was reactive with hydrogen on the Mo_2C/Al_2O3catalyst.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22338007,22178130 and 22425806).
摘要Selective hydrogenolysis of cellulose into C6-ketones offers a promising route for the production of high-value carbonyl compounds.However,conventional metal-catalyzed hydrogenolysis methods typically rely on externally added acids and require high-purity H2.Herein,we report an alternative syngas-promoted hydrogenolysis method that eliminates these dual dependencies while enabling the selective transformation of cellulose into value-added C6-ketones.Under optimal conditions,using a commercial Pd/C catalyst at 230℃and 3.0 MPa total pressure(H2/CO=1.5/1.5 MPa)for 2 h,the yield of C6-ketones reached 37.8%,representing a 6.8-fold enhancement compared to that obtained under pure H2.Mechanistic studies demonstrated a dual promotional effect of CO in directing cellulose to C6-ketones.First,competitive adsorption of CO on Pd active sites suppresses excessive hydrogenation and undesired hydrogenolysis of cellulose-derived intermediates.Second,CO participates in the water-gas shift(WGS)reaction(CO+H2O⇌CO2+H2),generating carbonic acid(H2CO3)in-situ via CO2+H2O⇌H2CO3,which provides a controllable acidic environment that promotes key intermediate transformations associated with C6-ketone precursor formation.
摘要Single‐atom catalysts(SACs)have demonstrated excellent performances in chemoselective hydrogenation reactions.However,the employment of precious metals and/or organic solvents compromises their sustainability.Herein,we for the first time report the chemoselective hydrogenation of 3‐nitrostyrene over noble‐metal‐free Co‐N‐C SAC in green solvent—compressed CO2.An interesting inverted V‐curve relation is observed between the catalytic activity and CO2 pressure,where the conversion of 3‐nitrostyrene reaches the maximum of 100%at 5.0 MPa CO2(total pressure of 8.1 MPa).Meanwhile,the selectivities to 3‐vinylaniline at all pressures remain high(>99%).Phase behavior studies reveal that,in sharp contrast with the single phase which is formed at total pressure above 10.8 MPa,bi‐phase composed of CO2/H2gas‐rich phase and CO2‐expanded substrate liquid phase forms at total pressure of 8.1 MPa,which dramatically changes the reaction kinetics of the catalytic system.The reaction order with respect to H2pressure decreases from~0.5 to zero at total pressure of 8.1 MPa,suggesting the dissolved CO2 in 3‐nitrostyrene greatly promotes the dissolution of H2in the substrate,which is responsible for the high catalytic activity at the peak of the inverted V‐curve.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21573101)the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 2014020107)+1 种基金the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in Universities (No. LJQ2014041)sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (SRF for ROCS, SEM)
摘要The adsorption of acetonitrile, the co-adsorption of acetonitrile with CO, and hydrogenation of acetonitrile on fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. It was found out that CH3CN exhibited strong interaction with the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and was adsorbed mainly on Moδ+ sites of fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Moreover, CH3CN could affect the shifting of IR spectra for CO adsorption towards a lower wave number. The IR spectroscopic study on acetonitrile hydrogenation showed that CH3CN could be easily hydrogenated in the presence of H2 on the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Furthermore, it was observed that CH3 CN could be selectively hydrogenated to imines on fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Additionally, the active sites of fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst might be covered with coke during the hydrogenation reaction of acetonitrile. The treatment of catalyst with hydrogen at 673 K could not completely remove coke deposits on the surface of the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20903054)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2014020107)+1 种基金Program for Liaoning excellent talents in university(No.LJQ2014041)sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry(SRF for ROCS,SEM)
摘要The surface species formed from the adsorption of 1,3-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation over the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. It is found that 1,3-butadiene adsorption on the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst mainly forms π-adsorbed butadiene(πs and πd) and σ-bonded surface species. These species are adsorbed mainly on the surface Moδ+(0<δ<2) sites as evidenced by co-adsorption of 1,3-butadiene and CO on the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The IR spectrometric analysis show that hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst produces mainly butane coupled with a small portion of butene. The selectivity of butene during the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst might be explained by the adsorption mode of adsorbed 1,3-butadiene. Additionally, the active sites of the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst may be covered by coke during the hydrogenation reaction of 1,3-butadiene. The treatment with hydrogen at 673 K cannot remove the coke deposits from the surface of the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.