Seismic intensity is critical for post-earthquake hazard assessment and response,but is often delayed because field surveys are required.Here,we propose a simple scheme for quick prediction of earthquake ground shakin...Seismic intensity is critical for post-earthquake hazard assessment and response,but is often delayed because field surveys are required.Here,we propose a simple scheme for quick prediction of earthquake ground shaking intensity using high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)data.In the scheme,high-rate GNSS displacement waveforms and static GNSS coseismic offsets are first used to invert the fault rupture process based on a one-fault model.The kinematic slip model is then employed as input for kinematic forward simulation to predict strong ground motion,which is subsequently convert into seismic intensities according to the China seismic intensity scale(GB/T 17742–2020).We take the 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo Earthquake as a case study to illustrate the feasibility of this scheme.Our results show that the seismic intensity produced by the one-fault model is consistent with that from field investigations,especially in meizoseismal zones,suggesting that the scheme may serve as a potential solution for quick prediction of seismic intensity,which helps to disaster relief efforts after strong earthquakes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute pyelonephritis(APN)is a significant part of the healthcare burden globally.Early risk stratification in APN is crucial to guide intensive care unit(ICU)admission and anticipate in-hospital mortality.T...BACKGROUND Acute pyelonephritis(APN)is a significant part of the healthcare burden globally.Early risk stratification in APN is crucial to guide intensive care unit(ICU)admission and anticipate in-hospital mortality.The relevance of scoring tools like quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)and National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS2)in urology-specific infections has been unclear.Our study is among the first to prospectively compare the qSOFA and NEWS2 scores exclusively in non-emphysematous APN,a real-world cohort previously overlooked in research.AIM To assess the accuracy of NEWS2 and qSOFA scores in predicting ICU admission,in-hospital mortality and their role in guiding urological interventions among adults with APN.METHODS A prospective observational study,conducted at a tertiary care centre in South India over two years,on adult patients diagnosed clinically and radiologically with APN.Comprehensive clinical,laboratory,and imaging parameters were recorded.The cohort was stratified into patients requiring ICU and not requiring ICU to assess differences across parameters.The discriminative power of the NEWS2 and qSOFA scores for predicting expedited care and mortality was analyzed.RESULTS The NEWS2 score≥5 emerged as a robust tool,identifying nearly all patients requiring ICU admission[sensitivity,98.1%;area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC):0.977;P<0.05]and predicting intervention with high accuracy(AUC-0.823;P<0.05).However,the qSOFA≥2 score proved to be the silent sentinel of mortality(AUC-0.839;P<0.05),outperforming the NEWS2 score in prognostication.Interestingly,patients who later required ICU care had elevated NEWS2 scores at baseline,suggesting the missed early red flags.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first and largest prospective study to compare NEWS2 and qSOFA scores exclusively in nonobstructive,non-emphysematous APN.CONCLUSION In APN,NEWS2(≥5)proved to be a pragmatic trigger for ICU triage,while qSOFA(≥2)better flagged in-hospital mortality.Together,they form a complementary framework as a simple,objective,and lifesaving bedside tool.展开更多
In today's fast-paced modern life, whether for fitness training, outdoor adventures, or daily commutes, we all yearn for quick-dry apparel that can rapidly wick away moisture and keep our bodies dry and comfortabl...In today's fast-paced modern life, whether for fitness training, outdoor adventures, or daily commutes, we all yearn for quick-dry apparel that can rapidly wick away moisture and keep our bodies dry and comfortable. As a standout in functional textiles, quick-dry fabrics are becoming the top choice for more and more people, thanks to their exceptional moisture-wicking performance and rapid drying capabilities.展开更多
Ammonia is a key industry raw material for fertilizers and the electro-reduction of N2(NRR)can be served as a promising method.It is urgently needed to discover advanced catalysts while the lack of design principle...Ammonia is a key industry raw material for fertilizers and the electro-reduction of N2(NRR)can be served as a promising method.It is urgently needed to discover advanced catalysts while the lack of design principles still hinders the high-throughput screen of efficient candidates.Herein,we have provided an up-to-date review of NRR catalysts mainly on theoretical works and highlighted the latest achievements on descriptors,which can be served as valid guidance of optimal catalysts.The descriptors are classified with adsorption energy and the corresponding derived ones,which can screen the NRR catalysts from various aspects.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the descriptor field are presented.展开更多
爱图仕全新Quick Dome系列柔光罩,搭载全新快拆锁扣结构,融入人体工学设计,增加侧向延伸手柄,仅需按压解锁,即可在数秒内完成柔光箱的安装或拆卸。全系列提供90cm、60cm、40cm三种柔光直径,可满足多样拍摄场景需求。其中,Quick Dome 90...爱图仕全新Quick Dome系列柔光罩,搭载全新快拆锁扣结构,融入人体工学设计,增加侧向延伸手柄,仅需按压解锁,即可在数秒内完成柔光箱的安装或拆卸。全系列提供90cm、60cm、40cm三种柔光直径,可满足多样拍摄场景需求。其中,Quick Dome 90/60柔光箱采用卡扣式可拆卸保荣卡口设计,兼容绝大多数配备保荣卡口的影视灯光设备。搭载电影级工业柔光组件,配合独家16杆32面专利结构,构建均匀而立体的光线输出基础。而Quick Dome 40柔光箱则专为爱图仕STORM 80c设计,整体采用8杆高强度钢骨支撑,设计精巧紧凑。其小巧的体型与Mini Pro Lock卡口相结合,大幅提升了移动性与空间适应性。展开更多
In situ quick X-ray absorption spectroscopy(QXAFS) at the Cu and Zn K-edge under operando conditions has been used to unravel the Cu/Zn interaction and identify possible active site of CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3 catalyst for met...In situ quick X-ray absorption spectroscopy(QXAFS) at the Cu and Zn K-edge under operando conditions has been used to unravel the Cu/Zn interaction and identify possible active site of CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3 catalyst for methanol synthesis. In this work, the catalyst, whose activity increases with the reaction temperature and pressure, was studied at calcined, reduced, and reacted conditions. TEM and EDX images for the calcined and reduced catalysts showed that copper was distributed uniformly at both conditions. TPR profile revealed two reduction peaks at 165 and 195 °C for copper species in the calcined catalyst. QXAFS results demonstrated that the calcined form consisted mainly of a mixed Cu O and Zn O, and it was progressively transformed into Cu metal particles and dispersed Zn O species as the reduction treatment. It was demonstrated that activation of the catalyst precursor occurred via a Cu^+intermediate, and the active catalyst predominantly consisted of metallic Cu and Zn O evenunder higher pressures. Structure of the active catalyst did not change with the temperature or pressure, indicating that the role of the Zn was mainly to improve Cu dispersion.This indicates the potential of QXAFS method in studying the structure evolutions of catalysts in methanol synthesis.展开更多
A 30-d current numerical simulation is running for the Yangshan Port,the Changjiang Estuary,the Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent seas using a finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM),with Changjiang River runoff and...A 30-d current numerical simulation is running for the Yangshan Port,the Changjiang Estuary,the Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent seas using a finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM),with Changjiang River runoff and wind effect being considered.At the open boundary,this model is driven by the water level obtained from prediction including eight main partial tides.After the harmonic analysis,the cotidal chart and the iso-amplitude line as well as the current ellipse distribution map are displayed to illustrate the propagation property of a tidal wave.Horizontal velocity of both the U and V components coincides with the actual measurement,which shows that the model result is credible to describe the hydrodynamic pattern in this sea area.On this basis,real-time current data from high-frequency radar is assimilated with the implementation of quick ensemble Kalman filter,which takes the variation tendency of the state vector to compute the analysis field,instead of integrating the field for N (the number of ensemble) times as it used to in the standard EnKF,aiming at raising the efficiency of computation,reducing the error of prediction and at the same time,improving the forecast effect.展开更多
BACKGROUND:The quick sequential organ failure assessment(qSOFA)is recommended to identify sepsis and predict sepsis mortality.However,some studies have recently shown its poor performance in sepsis mortality predictio...BACKGROUND:The quick sequential organ failure assessment(qSOFA)is recommended to identify sepsis and predict sepsis mortality.However,some studies have recently shown its poor performance in sepsis mortality prediction.To enhance its effectiveness,researchers have developed various revised versions of the qSOFA by adding other parameters,such as the lactate-enhanced qSOFA(LqSOFA),the procalcitonin-enhanced qSOFA(PqSOFA),and the modified qSOFA(MqSOFA).This study aimed to compare the performance of these versions of the qSOFA in predicting sepsis mortality in the emergency department(ED).METHODS:This retrospective study analyzed data obtained from an electronic register system of adult patients with sepsis between January 1 and December 31,2019.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses were performed to determine the area under the curve(AUC),with sensitivity,specificity,and positive and negative predictive values calculated for the various scores.RESULTS:Among the 936 enrolled cases,there were 835 survivors and 101 deaths.The AUCs of the LqSOFA,MqSOFA,PqSOFA,and qSOFA were 0.740,0.731,0.712,and 0.705,respectively.The sensitivity of the LqSOFA,MqSOFA,PqSOFA,and qSOFA were 64.36%,51.40%,71.29%,and 39.60%,respectively.The specificity of the four scores were 70.78%,80.96%,61.68%,and 91.62%,respectively.The LqSOFA and MqSOFA were superior to the qSOFA in predicting in-hospital mortality.CONCLUSIONS:Among patients with sepsis in the ED,the performance of the PqSOFA was similar to that of the qSOFA and the values of the LqSOFA and MqSOFA in predicting in-hospital mortality were greater compared to qSOFA.As the added parameter of the MqSOFA was more convenient compared to the LqSOFA,the MqSOFA could be used as a candidate for the revised qSOFA to increase the performance of the early prediction of sepsis mortality.展开更多
Previous studies have postulated the contribution of present-day low-total organic carbon(TOC)marine carbonate source rocks to oil accumulations in the Tabei Uplift,Tarim Basin,China.However,not all present-day low-TO...Previous studies have postulated the contribution of present-day low-total organic carbon(TOC)marine carbonate source rocks to oil accumulations in the Tabei Uplift,Tarim Basin,China.However,not all present-day low-TOC carbonates have generated and expelled hydrocarbons;therefore,to distinguish the source rocks that have already expelled sufficient hydrocarbons from those not expelled hydrocarbons,is crucial in source rock evaluation and resource assessment in the Tabei Uplift.Mass balance can be used to identify modern low-TOC carbonates resulting from hydrocarbon expulsion.However,the process is quite complicated,requiring many parameters and coefficients and thus also a massive data source.In this paper,we provide a quick and cost effective method for identifying carbonate source rock with present-day low TOC,using widely available Rock-Eval data.First,we identify present-day low-TOC carbonate source rocks in typical wells according to the mass balance approach.Second,we build an optimal model to evaluate source rocks from the analysis of the rocks'characteristics and their influencing factors,reported as positive or negative values of a dimensionless index of Rock-Eval data(IR).Positive IR corresponds to those samples which have expelled hydrocarbons.The optimal model optimizes complicated calculations and simulation processes;thus it could be widely applicable and competitive in the evaluation of present-day low TOC carbonates.By applying the model to the Rock-Eval dataset of the Tabei Uplift,we identify present-day iow-TOC carbonate source rocks and primarily evaluate the contribution equivalent of 11.87×10^9 t oil.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Scientific Funding of the Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration(No.IGCEA2120)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2139202 and 42104007)the Innovation Fund Project for College Teachers of Gansu Provincial Education Department(No.2025A-041)。
摘要Seismic intensity is critical for post-earthquake hazard assessment and response,but is often delayed because field surveys are required.Here,we propose a simple scheme for quick prediction of earthquake ground shaking intensity using high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)data.In the scheme,high-rate GNSS displacement waveforms and static GNSS coseismic offsets are first used to invert the fault rupture process based on a one-fault model.The kinematic slip model is then employed as input for kinematic forward simulation to predict strong ground motion,which is subsequently convert into seismic intensities according to the China seismic intensity scale(GB/T 17742–2020).We take the 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo Earthquake as a case study to illustrate the feasibility of this scheme.Our results show that the seismic intensity produced by the one-fault model is consistent with that from field investigations,especially in meizoseismal zones,suggesting that the scheme may serve as a potential solution for quick prediction of seismic intensity,which helps to disaster relief efforts after strong earthquakes.
摘要BACKGROUND Acute pyelonephritis(APN)is a significant part of the healthcare burden globally.Early risk stratification in APN is crucial to guide intensive care unit(ICU)admission and anticipate in-hospital mortality.The relevance of scoring tools like quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)and National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS2)in urology-specific infections has been unclear.Our study is among the first to prospectively compare the qSOFA and NEWS2 scores exclusively in non-emphysematous APN,a real-world cohort previously overlooked in research.AIM To assess the accuracy of NEWS2 and qSOFA scores in predicting ICU admission,in-hospital mortality and their role in guiding urological interventions among adults with APN.METHODS A prospective observational study,conducted at a tertiary care centre in South India over two years,on adult patients diagnosed clinically and radiologically with APN.Comprehensive clinical,laboratory,and imaging parameters were recorded.The cohort was stratified into patients requiring ICU and not requiring ICU to assess differences across parameters.The discriminative power of the NEWS2 and qSOFA scores for predicting expedited care and mortality was analyzed.RESULTS The NEWS2 score≥5 emerged as a robust tool,identifying nearly all patients requiring ICU admission[sensitivity,98.1%;area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC):0.977;P<0.05]and predicting intervention with high accuracy(AUC-0.823;P<0.05).However,the qSOFA≥2 score proved to be the silent sentinel of mortality(AUC-0.839;P<0.05),outperforming the NEWS2 score in prognostication.Interestingly,patients who later required ICU care had elevated NEWS2 scores at baseline,suggesting the missed early red flags.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first and largest prospective study to compare NEWS2 and qSOFA scores exclusively in nonobstructive,non-emphysematous APN.CONCLUSION In APN,NEWS2(≥5)proved to be a pragmatic trigger for ICU triage,while qSOFA(≥2)better flagged in-hospital mortality.Together,they form a complementary framework as a simple,objective,and lifesaving bedside tool.
摘要In today's fast-paced modern life, whether for fitness training, outdoor adventures, or daily commutes, we all yearn for quick-dry apparel that can rapidly wick away moisture and keep our bodies dry and comfortable. As a standout in functional textiles, quick-dry fabrics are becoming the top choice for more and more people, thanks to their exceptional moisture-wicking performance and rapid drying capabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21603109)the Henan Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1404216)+2 种基金the Special Fund of Tianshui Normal University,China(No.CXJ2020-08)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(No.20JK0676)supported by Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi(Nos.2022JQ-108,2022JQ-096).
摘要Ammonia is a key industry raw material for fertilizers and the electro-reduction of N2(NRR)can be served as a promising method.It is urgently needed to discover advanced catalysts while the lack of design principles still hinders the high-throughput screen of efficient candidates.Herein,we have provided an up-to-date review of NRR catalysts mainly on theoretical works and highlighted the latest achievements on descriptors,which can be served as valid guidance of optimal catalysts.The descriptors are classified with adsorption energy and the corresponding derived ones,which can screen the NRR catalysts from various aspects.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the descriptor field are presented.
摘要爱图仕全新Quick Dome系列柔光罩,搭载全新快拆锁扣结构,融入人体工学设计,增加侧向延伸手柄,仅需按压解锁,即可在数秒内完成柔光箱的安装或拆卸。全系列提供90cm、60cm、40cm三种柔光直径,可满足多样拍摄场景需求。其中,Quick Dome 90/60柔光箱采用卡扣式可拆卸保荣卡口设计,兼容绝大多数配备保荣卡口的影视灯光设备。搭载电影级工业柔光组件,配合独家16杆32面专利结构,构建均匀而立体的光线输出基础。而Quick Dome 40柔光箱则专为爱图仕STORM 80c设计,整体采用8杆高强度钢骨支撑,设计精巧紧凑。其小巧的体型与Mini Pro Lock卡口相结合,大幅提升了移动性与空间适应性。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2013CB933104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11275258 and 11135008)
摘要In situ quick X-ray absorption spectroscopy(QXAFS) at the Cu and Zn K-edge under operando conditions has been used to unravel the Cu/Zn interaction and identify possible active site of CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3 catalyst for methanol synthesis. In this work, the catalyst, whose activity increases with the reaction temperature and pressure, was studied at calcined, reduced, and reacted conditions. TEM and EDX images for the calcined and reduced catalysts showed that copper was distributed uniformly at both conditions. TPR profile revealed two reduction peaks at 165 and 195 °C for copper species in the calcined catalyst. QXAFS results demonstrated that the calcined form consisted mainly of a mixed Cu O and Zn O, and it was progressively transformed into Cu metal particles and dispersed Zn O species as the reduction treatment. It was demonstrated that activation of the catalyst precursor occurred via a Cu^+intermediate, and the active catalyst predominantly consisted of metallic Cu and Zn O evenunder higher pressures. Structure of the active catalyst did not change with the temperature or pressure, indicating that the role of the Zn was mainly to improve Cu dispersion.This indicates the potential of QXAFS method in studying the structure evolutions of catalysts in methanol synthesis.
基金The Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) under contract No.2007AA09Z117the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract Nos 200905001 and 201005019
摘要A 30-d current numerical simulation is running for the Yangshan Port,the Changjiang Estuary,the Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent seas using a finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM),with Changjiang River runoff and wind effect being considered.At the open boundary,this model is driven by the water level obtained from prediction including eight main partial tides.After the harmonic analysis,the cotidal chart and the iso-amplitude line as well as the current ellipse distribution map are displayed to illustrate the propagation property of a tidal wave.Horizontal velocity of both the U and V components coincides with the actual measurement,which shows that the model result is credible to describe the hydrodynamic pattern in this sea area.On this basis,real-time current data from high-frequency radar is assimilated with the implementation of quick ensemble Kalman filter,which takes the variation tendency of the state vector to compute the analysis field,instead of integrating the field for N (the number of ensemble) times as it used to in the standard EnKF,aiming at raising the efficiency of computation,reducing the error of prediction and at the same time,improving the forecast effect.
摘要BACKGROUND:The quick sequential organ failure assessment(qSOFA)is recommended to identify sepsis and predict sepsis mortality.However,some studies have recently shown its poor performance in sepsis mortality prediction.To enhance its effectiveness,researchers have developed various revised versions of the qSOFA by adding other parameters,such as the lactate-enhanced qSOFA(LqSOFA),the procalcitonin-enhanced qSOFA(PqSOFA),and the modified qSOFA(MqSOFA).This study aimed to compare the performance of these versions of the qSOFA in predicting sepsis mortality in the emergency department(ED).METHODS:This retrospective study analyzed data obtained from an electronic register system of adult patients with sepsis between January 1 and December 31,2019.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses were performed to determine the area under the curve(AUC),with sensitivity,specificity,and positive and negative predictive values calculated for the various scores.RESULTS:Among the 936 enrolled cases,there were 835 survivors and 101 deaths.The AUCs of the LqSOFA,MqSOFA,PqSOFA,and qSOFA were 0.740,0.731,0.712,and 0.705,respectively.The sensitivity of the LqSOFA,MqSOFA,PqSOFA,and qSOFA were 64.36%,51.40%,71.29%,and 39.60%,respectively.The specificity of the four scores were 70.78%,80.96%,61.68%,and 91.62%,respectively.The LqSOFA and MqSOFA were superior to the qSOFA in predicting in-hospital mortality.CONCLUSIONS:Among patients with sepsis in the ED,the performance of the PqSOFA was similar to that of the qSOFA and the values of the LqSOFA and MqSOFA in predicting in-hospital mortality were greater compared to qSOFA.As the added parameter of the MqSOFA was more convenient compared to the LqSOFA,the MqSOFA could be used as a candidate for the revised qSOFA to increase the performance of the early prediction of sepsis mortality.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant No.2017M611108)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(grant No.2016ZX05006006-001)the National Basic Research Program of China(grant Nos.2011CB2011-02 and 2014CB239100)
摘要Previous studies have postulated the contribution of present-day low-total organic carbon(TOC)marine carbonate source rocks to oil accumulations in the Tabei Uplift,Tarim Basin,China.However,not all present-day low-TOC carbonates have generated and expelled hydrocarbons;therefore,to distinguish the source rocks that have already expelled sufficient hydrocarbons from those not expelled hydrocarbons,is crucial in source rock evaluation and resource assessment in the Tabei Uplift.Mass balance can be used to identify modern low-TOC carbonates resulting from hydrocarbon expulsion.However,the process is quite complicated,requiring many parameters and coefficients and thus also a massive data source.In this paper,we provide a quick and cost effective method for identifying carbonate source rock with present-day low TOC,using widely available Rock-Eval data.First,we identify present-day low-TOC carbonate source rocks in typical wells according to the mass balance approach.Second,we build an optimal model to evaluate source rocks from the analysis of the rocks'characteristics and their influencing factors,reported as positive or negative values of a dimensionless index of Rock-Eval data(IR).Positive IR corresponds to those samples which have expelled hydrocarbons.The optimal model optimizes complicated calculations and simulation processes;thus it could be widely applicable and competitive in the evaluation of present-day low TOC carbonates.By applying the model to the Rock-Eval dataset of the Tabei Uplift,we identify present-day iow-TOC carbonate source rocks and primarily evaluate the contribution equivalent of 11.87×10^9 t oil.