Recently,Siamese-based trackers have achieved excellent performance in object tracking.However,the high speed and deformation of objects in the movement process make tracking difficult.Therefore,we have incorporated c...Recently,Siamese-based trackers have achieved excellent performance in object tracking.However,the high speed and deformation of objects in the movement process make tracking difficult.Therefore,we have incorporated cascaded region-proposal-network(RPN)fusion and coordinate attention into Siamese trackers.The proposed network framework consists of three parts:a feature-extraction sub-network,coordinate attention block,and cascaded RPN block.We exploit the coordinate attention block,which can embed location information into channel attention,to establish long-term spatial location dependence while maintaining channel associations.Thus,the features of different layers are enhanced by the coordinate attention block.We then send these features separately into the cascaded RPN for classification and regression.According to the two classification and regression results,the final position of the target is obtained.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,we conducted comprehensive experiments on the OTB100,VOT2016,UAV123,and GOT-10k datasets.Compared with other state-of-the-art trackers,the proposed tracker achieved good performance and can run at real-time speed.展开更多
During Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) in the yeast S. cerevisiae, ubiquitylation of Rad4 is carried out by the E3 ubiquitin ligase that includes Rad7-Elc1-Cul3 and is critical to optimal NER. Rad7 E3 activity target...During Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) in the yeast S. cerevisiae, ubiquitylation of Rad4 is carried out by the E3 ubiquitin ligase that includes Rad7-Elc1-Cul3 and is critical to optimal NER. Rad7 E3 activity targets Rad4 for degradation by the proteaseome but, in principle, could also trigger other DNA damage responses. We observed increased nuclear ubiquitin foci (Ub-RFP) formation in S. cerevisiae containing a Rad7 E3 ligase mutant (rad7SOCS) in response to DNA damage by benzo[a]pyrenediolepoxide (BPDE) in dividing cells. Immunoblots reveal that ubiquitin conjugates of Rpn10 and Dsk2 accumulate in greater abundance in rad7SOCS compared to RAD7 in dividing cells in response to BPDE which makes Rpn10 and Dsk2 candidates for being the ubiquitylated species observed in our microscopy experiments. Microscopy analysis with strains containing Dsk2-GFP shows that Dsk2-GFP and Dsk2-GFP/Ub-RFP colocalized in nuclear foci form to an increased extent in a rad7SOCS mutant background in dividing cells than in a RAD7 wild-type strain. Further, Dsk2-GFP in the rad7SOCS strain formed more foci at the plasma membrane following BPDE treatment in dividing cells relative to strains containing RAD7 or a rad7△?deletion mutant. In response to a different agent, UV irradiation, levels of ubiquitylated proteins were increased in rad7SOCS relative to RAD7, and the proteasomal deubiquitylase subunit, Rpn11 was even monoubiquitylated in the absence of damaging agents. Together these data show that Rad7 E3 activity attenuates ubiq-uitylation of proteins regulating the shuttling of polyubiquitylated proteins to the proteasome (Dsk2 and Rpn10) and removal of ubiquitin chains just prior to degradation (Rpn11). Since Rad7 E3 ligase activity has been shown to increase ubiquitylation of its target proteins, yet our results show increased ubiquitylation in the absence of Rad7 E3, we suggest that Rad7 E3 action regulates ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitylase (DUB) activities that act on Rpn10, Dsk2 and Rpn11.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61972056 and 61901061the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Hunan Province under Grant 2020JJ1006+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grant 2020JJ5603the Postgraduate Training Innovation Base Construction Project of Hunan Province under Grant 2019-248-51the Basic Research Fund of Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co.,Ltd.under Grant 2020JCYJ07the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department under Grant 19C0031.
摘要Recently,Siamese-based trackers have achieved excellent performance in object tracking.However,the high speed and deformation of objects in the movement process make tracking difficult.Therefore,we have incorporated cascaded region-proposal-network(RPN)fusion and coordinate attention into Siamese trackers.The proposed network framework consists of three parts:a feature-extraction sub-network,coordinate attention block,and cascaded RPN block.We exploit the coordinate attention block,which can embed location information into channel attention,to establish long-term spatial location dependence while maintaining channel associations.Thus,the features of different layers are enhanced by the coordinate attention block.We then send these features separately into the cascaded RPN for classification and regression.According to the two classification and regression results,the final position of the target is obtained.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,we conducted comprehensive experiments on the OTB100,VOT2016,UAV123,and GOT-10k datasets.Compared with other state-of-the-art trackers,the proposed tracker achieved good performance and can run at real-time speed.
摘要During Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) in the yeast S. cerevisiae, ubiquitylation of Rad4 is carried out by the E3 ubiquitin ligase that includes Rad7-Elc1-Cul3 and is critical to optimal NER. Rad7 E3 activity targets Rad4 for degradation by the proteaseome but, in principle, could also trigger other DNA damage responses. We observed increased nuclear ubiquitin foci (Ub-RFP) formation in S. cerevisiae containing a Rad7 E3 ligase mutant (rad7SOCS) in response to DNA damage by benzo[a]pyrenediolepoxide (BPDE) in dividing cells. Immunoblots reveal that ubiquitin conjugates of Rpn10 and Dsk2 accumulate in greater abundance in rad7SOCS compared to RAD7 in dividing cells in response to BPDE which makes Rpn10 and Dsk2 candidates for being the ubiquitylated species observed in our microscopy experiments. Microscopy analysis with strains containing Dsk2-GFP shows that Dsk2-GFP and Dsk2-GFP/Ub-RFP colocalized in nuclear foci form to an increased extent in a rad7SOCS mutant background in dividing cells than in a RAD7 wild-type strain. Further, Dsk2-GFP in the rad7SOCS strain formed more foci at the plasma membrane following BPDE treatment in dividing cells relative to strains containing RAD7 or a rad7△?deletion mutant. In response to a different agent, UV irradiation, levels of ubiquitylated proteins were increased in rad7SOCS relative to RAD7, and the proteasomal deubiquitylase subunit, Rpn11 was even monoubiquitylated in the absence of damaging agents. Together these data show that Rad7 E3 activity attenuates ubiq-uitylation of proteins regulating the shuttling of polyubiquitylated proteins to the proteasome (Dsk2 and Rpn10) and removal of ubiquitin chains just prior to degradation (Rpn11). Since Rad7 E3 ligase activity has been shown to increase ubiquitylation of its target proteins, yet our results show increased ubiquitylation in the absence of Rad7 E3, we suggest that Rad7 E3 action regulates ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitylase (DUB) activities that act on Rpn10, Dsk2 and Rpn11.