The fatigue of heavy-haul railway bridges is considered a key concern due to high stress levels and cyclic loading.The evaluation of fatigue reliability is required to include factor correlations.A major challenge is ...The fatigue of heavy-haul railway bridges is considered a key concern due to high stress levels and cyclic loading.The evaluation of fatigue reliability is required to include factor correlations.A major challenge is presented by the construction of the cumulative distribution function(CDF)and the description of correlations between random variables.In this study,the copula function is used to analyze the fatigue failure probability of the Shuohuang heavy-haul railway bridge.A C-vine copula(CVC)-based joint probability density function(JPDF)is derived with eight correlated parameters.To enhance efficiency in small failure probability calculations,the subset simulation and most probable point(MPP)Monte Carlo importance sampling are introduced based on the Rosenblatt transform and C-vine model.Comparisons with traditional Monte Carlo methods confirm that high accuracy and efficiency are achieved.The results show that when parameter correlations are ignored,failure probability is underestimated,increasing safety risks in bridge assessments.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the curative effect and safety of Duhuojisheng Tang on prolapse of the lumbar intervertebral disc. METHODS: The databases of PubMed, China N...OBJECTIVE: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the curative effect and safety of Duhuojisheng Tang on prolapse of the lumbar intervertebral disc. METHODS: The databases of PubMed, China Na- tional Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Sci- entific Journals Database (VlP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Chinese Medical Ci- tation Index (CMCl) were searched up to January 30, 2012. Randomized controlled trials were select- ed to compare Duhuojisheng Tang with one ormore of the following treatments: traction, acu- puncture, massage, cupping and Western medical treatment. The quality-evaluating standard and the software RevMan 5.1 in Cochrane coordinative net were used to analyze the data. The effective index- es of the results were clinical curative rate, effective- ness of alleviating clinical symptoms and adverse reaction. RESULTS: Thirty-one randomized controlled trials of low quality, involving 3915 patients were system- atically evaluated. Statistical analyses showed that good curative effect was achieved in both the group using Duhuojisheng Tang alone and with combined therapies. CONCLUSION: Using Duhuojisheng Tang alone or combined with other therapies can effectively im- prove pain, leg-raising height and other clinical symptoms of patients with prolapse of lumbar in- tervertebral disc. Due to low methodological quali- ty of the articles, no exact recommendations can be made.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment based on syndrome differentiation ofTraditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) for community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).METHODS:A total of 240 CAP patients were randomly ...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment based on syndrome differentiation ofTraditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) for community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).METHODS:A total of 240 CAP patients were randomly divided into the following two groups:thecontrol group was treated by anti-infection plus conventional medicine treatment;and the trial group was treated by TCM plus the above-mentioned treatment given to the controls.The course of treatment was 14 days,and the patients were followed up for 7 days.RESULTS:Of the 240 patients,235 accomplished the whole process of treatment.The five patients who withdrew from the study were brought into an intent-to-treat analysis.The therapeutic effects of the trial group were superior to those of the control group(P0.05),white blood cell count(P>0.05),bacterial clearance rate(P>0.05),and adverse reactions between the two integrated groups.CONCLUSION:Treatment based on TCM syndrome differentiation for CAP has the advantages of resulting in less time to achieve a stable clinical condition,improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life,and is comparatively safe.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) testing the efficacy of warming needle moxibustion on knee osteoarthritis(KOA).METHODS: Nine databases were searched systematically including: t...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) testing the efficacy of warming needle moxibustion on knee osteoarthritis(KOA).METHODS: Nine databases were searched systematically including: the Cochrane Library(1/1993-10/2012), Pub Med(1/1980-10/2012), EMBASE(1/1990-10/2012), SCI Expanded(1/1986-10/2012), Science Direct(1/1979-10/2012), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database disc(1/1978-10/2012), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database(1/1979-10/2012), China Science and Technology Journal Database(a full text issue database of China, 1/1989-10/2012), and Wanfang Database(a full text issue database of China, 1/1990-10/2012). Traditional reference retrieval was also conducted. Language was limited to Chinese and English. We identified 37 RCTs that used warming needle moxibustion as an intervention and they were assessed with the Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials Statement 2010(CONSORT 2010) and Standards for Reporting Interventions Controlled Trials of Acupuncture 2010(STRICTA 2010).RESULTS: Of the 37 reports, only seventeen(45.95%) mentioned the random allocation of sequence methods, nine used unacceptable methods, and only one(2.70%) gave the description of the mechanism of allocation concealment. One study(2.70%) mentioned blinding, one(2.70%) had a sample size calculation, and twenty-three(62.16%) used reasonable statistical methods. Thirteen(35.14%) described the background and reason for the RCTs, three(8.11%) gave a description of lost or eliminated patients, and two(5.41%) reported accidental situations. Only three(8.11%)gave analysis of the RCT limitations. No report mentioned intentional analysis.CONCLUSION: The quality of the RCTs assessed in this study was from moderate to low. The design of RCTs, the methods of statistical analysis, and the description of reports information needs to be improved. CONSORT 2010 and STRICTA 2010 should be used to standardize the reporting of acupuncture RCTs in the future.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To justify the clinical use of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the treatment of influenza.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Datab...OBJECTIVE: To justify the clinical use of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the treatment of influenza.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from thedate of inception until January 1,2013, for the literature on treatment of influenza with TCM.RESULTS: A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were identified and reviewed. Of these trials, 2 compared a(modified) prescription of TCM with oseltamivir and 5 compared a patent traditional Chinese drug with oseltamivir. Based on the Meta-analysis,compared to oseltamivir, the(modified) prescription had similar effect in defervescence [WMD=5.66, 95% CI(﹣32.02, 43.35), P=0.77] and viral shedding [WMD=﹣ 6.21, 95% CI(﹣84.19, 71.76), P=0.88], and the patent traditional Chinese drug also had similar effect in viral shedding [WMD=﹣ 0.24,95% CI(﹣4.79, 4.31), P=0.92] but more effective in defervescence [WMD=﹣4.65, 95%CI(﹣8.91, ﹣0.38),P=0.03].CONCLUSION: TCM has potential positive effects in the treatment of influenza.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: This is a review of the effects of Chi- nese herbal medicine (CHM) used alone to treat lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHORDS: A literature search of the following electronic databases from their ince...OBJECTIVE: This is a review of the effects of Chi- nese herbal medicine (CHM) used alone to treat lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHORDS: A literature search of the following electronic databases from their inception to Febru- ary 2013 was conducted: Chinese Biomedical data- bases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Cochrane Library, Web of Sci- ence, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Randomized con- trolled trials where CHM had been used to treat LDH were selected. Data extraction, quality assess- ment, and data analysis were carried out by two in- dependent reviewers. RESULTS: Of the 2415 studies identified, eight with complete data on 1146 patients were selected. The methodological quality was poor in all trials. Five studies reported that CHM was better than WesternMedicine [OR=2.81, 95% CI (1.27, 6.18); OR=3.34, 95% CI (1.92, 5.79); 0R=2.22, 95% CI (1.08, 4.57); OR= 6.67, 95% CI (1.34, 33.28); and OR=1.94, 95% CI (1.23, 3.06)]. Two studies reported that the clinical outcome was better in CHM groups than in physio- therapy and placebo groups, [OR=3.02, 9.5% CI (1.08, 8.46); and OR=2.67, 95% CI (1.26, 5.64), re- spectively], whereas one study reported no differ- ence between CHM and physiotherapy groups. One study reported that CHM resulted in higher Japanese Orthopedic Association scores [MD=7.78, 95% CI (6.67, 8.89)] than in a control group and an- other that participants treated with CHM had lower Visual Analogue Scale scores [MD=- 0.72, 95% CI ( - 0.86, 0.58)] than those in a control group. Three studies reported that the adverse effects of CHM and Western Medicine did not differ signifi- cantly [OR=0.10, 95% CI (0.01, 1.85); OR=0.19, 95% CI (0.01,4.07); and OR=O.07, 95% CI (0.00, 1.32)]. CONCLUSION: CHM may be more effective than other interventions for LDH; however, methodologi- cal weaknesses in the studies assessed in this re- view prevent a definitive conclusion. More high-quality large-scale studies are required to clar- ify this matter.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect on acne vulgaris of pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui(GV 14) under acupuncture anesthesia, and establish whether providing anesthesia to the treatment area by manipulating Hegu(...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect on acne vulgaris of pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui(GV 14) under acupuncture anesthesia, and establish whether providing anesthesia to the treatment area by manipulating Hegu(LI 4) and Quchi(LI 11) might have an additional therapeutic benefit. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients were recruited and randomized into a control group and an intervention group with a single-blind(observer-blind) method. The control group was treated by pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui(GV 14) and the studied group by pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui(GV 14) under acupuncture anesthesia at Hegu(LI 4) and Quchi(LI 11). Both groups were treated twice weekly for 6 weeks. The analgesic and therapeutic effects of acupuncture were evaluated on a visual analog scale(VAS) and global acne grading system(GAGS), respectively.RESULTS: There were differences in the VAS scores of pain on pricking and in the pricked area, and the duration of pain between the groups. After 12 treatments, there was a significant reduction in GAGS scores from baseline in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture anesthesia at Hegu(LI 4) and Quchi(LI 11) is an effective means of alleviating the pain of pricking-bloodletting cupping and reducing the duration of pain in the treatment area. Pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui(GV 14) improves the skin lesions of patients with moderate acne vulgaris, but acupuncture anesthesia does not appear to have an additional therapeutic effect.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of stimulating acupoints in subjects with childhood cough variant asthma(CVA).METHODS:A Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) about the comparison between ac...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of stimulating acupoints in subjects with childhood cough variant asthma(CVA).METHODS:A Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) about the comparison between acupoint sticking therapy and non-acupoint sticking therapy for childhood CVA was conducted.The trials' quality and risk bias were assessed using the Cochrane Handbook tool.Odds ratio(OR) or risk ratio(RR) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs),mean differences(MDs) or standardized mean differences(SMDs) of a random-effects model were calculated.Heterogeneity was assessed by P value and I2 statistics.RESULTS:Thirteen studies were included in our review,indicating that the total effective rate of stimulating-acupoint group is better than that of control group [RR 1.19,95% CI(1.13-1.26),P < 0.00001].The recurrence rate in two years [RR 0.31,95%CI(0.19-0.51),P < 0.000 01] and cough duration[MD =-2.42,95% CI(-3.75,-1.09),P = 0.0004]of childhood CVA in stimulating-acupoint group were significantly lower than those in control group.Besides,stimulating acupoints can reduce the level of Ig E [SMD =-0.75,95% CI(-1.21,-0.30),P = 0.001] and EOS [SMD =-0.36,95% CI(-0.92,0.21),P = 0.22].CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that stimulating acupoints had positive effects on childhood CVA and was relatively safe treatment.However,more RCTs with more useful indicators are warrant to confirm the current findings.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy of Tianshu capsule in the treatment of migraine. METHODS: Retrieving papers from Pubmed, cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), Weipu database (VIP), China bi...OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy of Tianshu capsule in the treatment of migraine. METHODS: Retrieving papers from Pubmed, cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), Weipu database (VIP), China biology medicine (CBM), China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data. Two reviewers retrieved and extracted the information indepen- dently. Retrieval time scale is up to August 2012.Software Review Manager 5.1 was used for analysis RESULTS: A total of 10 studies including 937 mi- graine patients. The merged data shows Tianshu capsule had a higher effective rate in treating mi- graine, and there is no significant heterogeneity between Tianshu capsule group and control group (x2=6.33, dr-=9, P=0.71, F=0%), OR=4.18 [95%0 (2.93,5.95)]. Tianshu capsule alone compared to conventional therapy also showed advantages, and there was low heterogeneity (X2=4.53, dr=3, P=0.21, 12 = 34%), OR=3.95 [95% CI (2.32, 6.72)]. Meta-analysis results show that clinical efficacy of Tianshu capsule was better than that of the control group in the treatment of migraine and there was a signifi- cant difference (P〈0.000 01). CONCLUSION: Tianshu capsule had better efficacy in the treatment of migraine with fewer adverse effects.展开更多
To support withdrawing and storing money from all levels of the bank for the customers in the real world, in this paper, we propose a proxy blind signature scheme and an off-line e-cash scheme based on the new proxy b...To support withdrawing and storing money from all levels of the bank for the customers in the real world, in this paper, we propose a proxy blind signature scheme and an off-line e-cash scheme based on the new proxy blind signature scheme. The pro- posed proxy blind signature is proven secure in the random oracle model under chosen-target computational Diffie-Hellman assump- tions, and the e-cash scheme can satisfy the security requirements of unforgeability, anonymity, and traceability.展开更多
This work is an attempt to critically analyze the existing theoretical models of the impact of earthquake preparation processes on the state of the earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere in the zone of growing seismic act...This work is an attempt to critically analyze the existing theoretical models of the impact of earthquake preparation processes on the state of the earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere in the zone of growing seismic activity, as well as the mechanisms of formation and transfer of disturbances in various media over the earthquake center. The determining factor (criterion) of the analysis is the degree of compliance of the simulation results with experimental data obtained at various phases of earthquake development by direct and remote diagnostic methods using ground and aerospace technologies. The key role is played by the model’s compliance with the results of measuring electric fields and currents in the near-ground atmosphere and ionosphere, small-scale ionospheric inhomogeneities and correlated field-aligned currents and electromagnetic ULF/ELF emissions. A full-fledged model should also explain the origin of such seismic related phenomena as the generation in the troposphere and over-horizon propagation of pulsed VHF radiation, thermal effects and associated IR emissions as well as the modification of plasma distribution in the D, E and F layers of the ionosphere. The use of this criterion in the analysis allowed us to identify a theoretical model that most fully describes the totality of the above-mentioned experimental data within a single physical mechanism. This is an electrodynamic model based on the perturbation of the conductivity current in the global atmosphere—ionosphere electric circuit due to the injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere during the preparation and development of an earthquake. The present paper describes this model and the formation mechanisms of related phenomena in the atmosphere and ionosphere, which can be considered as short-term precursors to earthquakes.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of ignoring the importance of starting point features of trajecory segmentation in existing trajectory compression algorithms,a study was conducted on the preprocessing process of trajectory time...Aiming at the problem of ignoring the importance of starting point features of trajecory segmentation in existing trajectory compression algorithms,a study was conducted on the preprocessing process of trajectory time series.Firstly,an algorithm improvement was proposed based on the segmentation algorithm GRASP-UTS(Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for Unsupervised Trajectory Segmentation).On the basis of considering trajectory coverage,this algorithm designs an adaptive parameter adjustment to segment long-term trajectory data reasonably and the identification of an optimal starting point for segmentation.Then the compression efficiency of typical offline and online algorithms,such as the Douglas-Peucker algorithm,the Sliding Window algorithm and its enhancements,was compared before and after segmentation.The experimental findings highlight that the Adaptive Parameters GRASP-UTS segmentation approach leads to higher fitting precision in trajectory time series compression and improved algorithm efficiency post-segmentation.Additionally,the compression performance of the Improved Sliding Window algorithm post-segmentation showcases its suitability for trajectories of varying scales,providing reasonable compression accuracy.展开更多
In this paper the average power pattern of the side-fed offset Cassegrain(SFOC)dual reflector antenna is analyzed,and the effect of the random surface error on ra-diation characteristics of the antenna is introduced.H...In this paper the average power pattern of the side-fed offset Cassegrain(SFOC)dual reflector antenna is analyzed,and the effect of the random surface error on ra-diation characteristics of the antenna is introduced.Here,the random surface error is defined as the error of the stan-dard reflector in its normal direction and the errors in a small zone of the reflector are considered as equal.We also assume that the phase error on the aperture led by the ran-dom surface error obeys a Gaussian distribution with zero mean,under which the expression of the average power pattern is deduced.Finally,the data related to the radiation characteristics of the antenna are calculated and the corre-sponding curves are presented.The obtained results can be used for the user to determine the manufacturing accuracy of the reflector of the SFOC antennas.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52278180)。
摘要The fatigue of heavy-haul railway bridges is considered a key concern due to high stress levels and cyclic loading.The evaluation of fatigue reliability is required to include factor correlations.A major challenge is presented by the construction of the cumulative distribution function(CDF)and the description of correlations between random variables.In this study,the copula function is used to analyze the fatigue failure probability of the Shuohuang heavy-haul railway bridge.A C-vine copula(CVC)-based joint probability density function(JPDF)is derived with eight correlated parameters.To enhance efficiency in small failure probability calculations,the subset simulation and most probable point(MPP)Monte Carlo importance sampling are introduced based on the Rosenblatt transform and C-vine model.Comparisons with traditional Monte Carlo methods confirm that high accuracy and efficiency are achieved.The results show that when parameter correlations are ignored,failure probability is underestimated,increasing safety risks in bridge assessments.
基金Supported by Capital Application Project on Clinical Characteristics of Science and Technology Commission of Beijing Municipalit (No. Z111107058811056)Planned Project on Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine "inheritance of 3 + 3 programme" of Beijing Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau (2011-SZ-C-34)
摘要OBJECTIVE: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the curative effect and safety of Duhuojisheng Tang on prolapse of the lumbar intervertebral disc. METHODS: The databases of PubMed, China Na- tional Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Sci- entific Journals Database (VlP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Chinese Medical Ci- tation Index (CMCl) were searched up to January 30, 2012. Randomized controlled trials were select- ed to compare Duhuojisheng Tang with one ormore of the following treatments: traction, acu- puncture, massage, cupping and Western medical treatment. The quality-evaluating standard and the software RevMan 5.1 in Cochrane coordinative net were used to analyze the data. The effective index- es of the results were clinical curative rate, effective- ness of alleviating clinical symptoms and adverse reaction. RESULTS: Thirty-one randomized controlled trials of low quality, involving 3915 patients were system- atically evaluated. Statistical analyses showed that good curative effect was achieved in both the group using Duhuojisheng Tang alone and with combined therapies. CONCLUSION: Using Duhuojisheng Tang alone or combined with other therapies can effectively im- prove pain, leg-raising height and other clinical symptoms of patients with prolapse of lumbar in- tervertebral disc. Due to low methodological quali- ty of the articles, no exact recommendations can be made.
基金Supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program)(Grant NO.2006CB504605)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents at the University of Henan Province(Grant NO.006HANCET-05)
摘要OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment based on syndrome differentiation ofTraditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) for community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).METHODS:A total of 240 CAP patients were randomly divided into the following two groups:thecontrol group was treated by anti-infection plus conventional medicine treatment;and the trial group was treated by TCM plus the above-mentioned treatment given to the controls.The course of treatment was 14 days,and the patients were followed up for 7 days.RESULTS:Of the 240 patients,235 accomplished the whole process of treatment.The five patients who withdrew from the study were brought into an intent-to-treat analysis.The therapeutic effects of the trial group were superior to those of the control group(P0.05),white blood cell count(P>0.05),bacterial clearance rate(P>0.05),and adverse reactions between the two integrated groups.CONCLUSION:Treatment based on TCM syndrome differentiation for CAP has the advantages of resulting in less time to achieve a stable clinical condition,improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life,and is comparatively safe.
基金Supported by Study on the Mechanism of Chiropractic Therapy Why It Can Adjust Gastrointestinal Function(National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81273868)The Acupuncture Clinical Practice Guideline of Knee Arthritis(the Standardization Project of State Administrative of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYS2009-0009-9)
摘要OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) testing the efficacy of warming needle moxibustion on knee osteoarthritis(KOA).METHODS: Nine databases were searched systematically including: the Cochrane Library(1/1993-10/2012), Pub Med(1/1980-10/2012), EMBASE(1/1990-10/2012), SCI Expanded(1/1986-10/2012), Science Direct(1/1979-10/2012), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database disc(1/1978-10/2012), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database(1/1979-10/2012), China Science and Technology Journal Database(a full text issue database of China, 1/1989-10/2012), and Wanfang Database(a full text issue database of China, 1/1990-10/2012). Traditional reference retrieval was also conducted. Language was limited to Chinese and English. We identified 37 RCTs that used warming needle moxibustion as an intervention and they were assessed with the Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials Statement 2010(CONSORT 2010) and Standards for Reporting Interventions Controlled Trials of Acupuncture 2010(STRICTA 2010).RESULTS: Of the 37 reports, only seventeen(45.95%) mentioned the random allocation of sequence methods, nine used unacceptable methods, and only one(2.70%) gave the description of the mechanism of allocation concealment. One study(2.70%) mentioned blinding, one(2.70%) had a sample size calculation, and twenty-three(62.16%) used reasonable statistical methods. Thirteen(35.14%) described the background and reason for the RCTs, three(8.11%) gave a description of lost or eliminated patients, and two(5.41%) reported accidental situations. Only three(8.11%)gave analysis of the RCT limitations. No report mentioned intentional analysis.CONCLUSION: The quality of the RCTs assessed in this study was from moderate to low. The design of RCTs, the methods of statistical analysis, and the description of reports information needs to be improved. CONSORT 2010 and STRICTA 2010 should be used to standardize the reporting of acupuncture RCTs in the future.
基金Supported by the Beijing 302 Hospital Inner Research Foundation(No.YNKT2012021)the PLA 12th Five-Year Grand Project for Key Techniques and Devices in Management of Infectious Diseases(No.BWS11J048)
摘要OBJECTIVE: To justify the clinical use of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the treatment of influenza.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from thedate of inception until January 1,2013, for the literature on treatment of influenza with TCM.RESULTS: A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were identified and reviewed. Of these trials, 2 compared a(modified) prescription of TCM with oseltamivir and 5 compared a patent traditional Chinese drug with oseltamivir. Based on the Meta-analysis,compared to oseltamivir, the(modified) prescription had similar effect in defervescence [WMD=5.66, 95% CI(﹣32.02, 43.35), P=0.77] and viral shedding [WMD=﹣ 6.21, 95% CI(﹣84.19, 71.76), P=0.88], and the patent traditional Chinese drug also had similar effect in viral shedding [WMD=﹣ 0.24,95% CI(﹣4.79, 4.31), P=0.92] but more effective in defervescence [WMD=﹣4.65, 95%CI(﹣8.91, ﹣0.38),P=0.03].CONCLUSION: TCM has potential positive effects in the treatment of influenza.
摘要OBJECTIVE: This is a review of the effects of Chi- nese herbal medicine (CHM) used alone to treat lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHORDS: A literature search of the following electronic databases from their inception to Febru- ary 2013 was conducted: Chinese Biomedical data- bases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Cochrane Library, Web of Sci- ence, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Randomized con- trolled trials where CHM had been used to treat LDH were selected. Data extraction, quality assess- ment, and data analysis were carried out by two in- dependent reviewers. RESULTS: Of the 2415 studies identified, eight with complete data on 1146 patients were selected. The methodological quality was poor in all trials. Five studies reported that CHM was better than WesternMedicine [OR=2.81, 95% CI (1.27, 6.18); OR=3.34, 95% CI (1.92, 5.79); 0R=2.22, 95% CI (1.08, 4.57); OR= 6.67, 95% CI (1.34, 33.28); and OR=1.94, 95% CI (1.23, 3.06)]. Two studies reported that the clinical outcome was better in CHM groups than in physio- therapy and placebo groups, [OR=3.02, 9.5% CI (1.08, 8.46); and OR=2.67, 95% CI (1.26, 5.64), re- spectively], whereas one study reported no differ- ence between CHM and physiotherapy groups. One study reported that CHM resulted in higher Japanese Orthopedic Association scores [MD=7.78, 95% CI (6.67, 8.89)] than in a control group and an- other that participants treated with CHM had lower Visual Analogue Scale scores [MD=- 0.72, 95% CI ( - 0.86, 0.58)] than those in a control group. Three studies reported that the adverse effects of CHM and Western Medicine did not differ signifi- cantly [OR=0.10, 95% CI (0.01, 1.85); OR=0.19, 95% CI (0.01,4.07); and OR=O.07, 95% CI (0.00, 1.32)]. CONCLUSION: CHM may be more effective than other interventions for LDH; however, methodologi- cal weaknesses in the studies assessed in this re- view prevent a definitive conclusion. More high-quality large-scale studies are required to clar- ify this matter.
基金Supported by the New Technique and Occupation Project of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University(No.2011-2-20)
摘要OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect on acne vulgaris of pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui(GV 14) under acupuncture anesthesia, and establish whether providing anesthesia to the treatment area by manipulating Hegu(LI 4) and Quchi(LI 11) might have an additional therapeutic benefit. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients were recruited and randomized into a control group and an intervention group with a single-blind(observer-blind) method. The control group was treated by pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui(GV 14) and the studied group by pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui(GV 14) under acupuncture anesthesia at Hegu(LI 4) and Quchi(LI 11). Both groups were treated twice weekly for 6 weeks. The analgesic and therapeutic effects of acupuncture were evaluated on a visual analog scale(VAS) and global acne grading system(GAGS), respectively.RESULTS: There were differences in the VAS scores of pain on pricking and in the pricked area, and the duration of pain between the groups. After 12 treatments, there was a significant reduction in GAGS scores from baseline in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture anesthesia at Hegu(LI 4) and Quchi(LI 11) is an effective means of alleviating the pain of pricking-bloodletting cupping and reducing the duration of pain in the treatment area. Pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui(GV 14) improves the skin lesions of patients with moderate acne vulgaris, but acupuncture anesthesia does not appear to have an additional therapeutic effect.
基金The key Science and Technology Projects of Zhejiang Province(Research and Application of Key Techniques for Prevention and Treatment of Allergic Diseases of the Respiratory Tract by Summer Treatment of Winter Disease of Acupoint Application,No.2014C03046-2)
摘要OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of stimulating acupoints in subjects with childhood cough variant asthma(CVA).METHODS:A Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) about the comparison between acupoint sticking therapy and non-acupoint sticking therapy for childhood CVA was conducted.The trials' quality and risk bias were assessed using the Cochrane Handbook tool.Odds ratio(OR) or risk ratio(RR) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs),mean differences(MDs) or standardized mean differences(SMDs) of a random-effects model were calculated.Heterogeneity was assessed by P value and I2 statistics.RESULTS:Thirteen studies were included in our review,indicating that the total effective rate of stimulating-acupoint group is better than that of control group [RR 1.19,95% CI(1.13-1.26),P < 0.00001].The recurrence rate in two years [RR 0.31,95%CI(0.19-0.51),P < 0.000 01] and cough duration[MD =-2.42,95% CI(-3.75,-1.09),P = 0.0004]of childhood CVA in stimulating-acupoint group were significantly lower than those in control group.Besides,stimulating acupoints can reduce the level of Ig E [SMD =-0.75,95% CI(-1.21,-0.30),P = 0.001] and EOS [SMD =-0.36,95% CI(-0.92,0.21),P = 0.22].CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that stimulating acupoints had positive effects on childhood CVA and was relatively safe treatment.However,more RCTs with more useful indicators are warrant to confirm the current findings.
基金Supported by Liaoning province science and technology plan projects : Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficacy Evaluation Key Technology Research (No. 2010225034)Ministry Of Science And Welfare Industry Research And Special (No.200807061)
摘要OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy of Tianshu capsule in the treatment of migraine. METHODS: Retrieving papers from Pubmed, cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), Weipu database (VIP), China biology medicine (CBM), China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data. Two reviewers retrieved and extracted the information indepen- dently. Retrieval time scale is up to August 2012.Software Review Manager 5.1 was used for analysis RESULTS: A total of 10 studies including 937 mi- graine patients. The merged data shows Tianshu capsule had a higher effective rate in treating mi- graine, and there is no significant heterogeneity between Tianshu capsule group and control group (x2=6.33, dr-=9, P=0.71, F=0%), OR=4.18 [95%0 (2.93,5.95)]. Tianshu capsule alone compared to conventional therapy also showed advantages, and there was low heterogeneity (X2=4.53, dr=3, P=0.21, 12 = 34%), OR=3.95 [95% CI (2.32, 6.72)]. Meta-analysis results show that clinical efficacy of Tianshu capsule was better than that of the control group in the treatment of migraine and there was a signifi- cant difference (P〈0.000 01). CONCLUSION: Tianshu capsule had better efficacy in the treatment of migraine with fewer adverse effects.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61272501)the National Key Basic Research Program(973Program)(2012CB315905)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20091102110004)
摘要To support withdrawing and storing money from all levels of the bank for the customers in the real world, in this paper, we propose a proxy blind signature scheme and an off-line e-cash scheme based on the new proxy blind signature scheme. The pro- posed proxy blind signature is proven secure in the random oracle model under chosen-target computational Diffie-Hellman assump- tions, and the e-cash scheme can satisfy the security requirements of unforgeability, anonymity, and traceability.
摘要This work is an attempt to critically analyze the existing theoretical models of the impact of earthquake preparation processes on the state of the earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere in the zone of growing seismic activity, as well as the mechanisms of formation and transfer of disturbances in various media over the earthquake center. The determining factor (criterion) of the analysis is the degree of compliance of the simulation results with experimental data obtained at various phases of earthquake development by direct and remote diagnostic methods using ground and aerospace technologies. The key role is played by the model’s compliance with the results of measuring electric fields and currents in the near-ground atmosphere and ionosphere, small-scale ionospheric inhomogeneities and correlated field-aligned currents and electromagnetic ULF/ELF emissions. A full-fledged model should also explain the origin of such seismic related phenomena as the generation in the troposphere and over-horizon propagation of pulsed VHF radiation, thermal effects and associated IR emissions as well as the modification of plasma distribution in the D, E and F layers of the ionosphere. The use of this criterion in the analysis allowed us to identify a theoretical model that most fully describes the totality of the above-mentioned experimental data within a single physical mechanism. This is an electrodynamic model based on the perturbation of the conductivity current in the global atmosphere—ionosphere electric circuit due to the injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere during the preparation and development of an earthquake. The present paper describes this model and the formation mechanisms of related phenomena in the atmosphere and ionosphere, which can be considered as short-term precursors to earthquakes.
基金Supported by the Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJKQZ20222459)。
摘要Aiming at the problem of ignoring the importance of starting point features of trajecory segmentation in existing trajectory compression algorithms,a study was conducted on the preprocessing process of trajectory time series.Firstly,an algorithm improvement was proposed based on the segmentation algorithm GRASP-UTS(Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for Unsupervised Trajectory Segmentation).On the basis of considering trajectory coverage,this algorithm designs an adaptive parameter adjustment to segment long-term trajectory data reasonably and the identification of an optimal starting point for segmentation.Then the compression efficiency of typical offline and online algorithms,such as the Douglas-Peucker algorithm,the Sliding Window algorithm and its enhancements,was compared before and after segmentation.The experimental findings highlight that the Adaptive Parameters GRASP-UTS segmentation approach leads to higher fitting precision in trajectory time series compression and improved algorithm efficiency post-segmentation.Additionally,the compression performance of the Improved Sliding Window algorithm post-segmentation showcases its suitability for trajectories of varying scales,providing reasonable compression accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60171045)the Excellent Young Teachers Program,Ministry of Education,China.
摘要In this paper the average power pattern of the side-fed offset Cassegrain(SFOC)dual reflector antenna is analyzed,and the effect of the random surface error on ra-diation characteristics of the antenna is introduced.Here,the random surface error is defined as the error of the stan-dard reflector in its normal direction and the errors in a small zone of the reflector are considered as equal.We also assume that the phase error on the aperture led by the ran-dom surface error obeys a Gaussian distribution with zero mean,under which the expression of the average power pattern is deduced.Finally,the data related to the radiation characteristics of the antenna are calculated and the corre-sponding curves are presented.The obtained results can be used for the user to determine the manufacturing accuracy of the reflector of the SFOC antennas.