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Research on the differential coefficient least-squares optimization method of reverse time migration in acoustic-reflected S-wave imaging logging 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Li Yu-Sheng Wu Hong-Liang +4 位作者 Liu Peng Feng Zhou Wang Ke-Wen Zhang Hao Zhang Wen-Hao 《Applied Geophysics》 SCIE CSCD 2025年第4期1259-1270,1498,共12页
The numerical dispersion phenomenon in the finite-difference forward modeling simulations of the wave equation significantly affects the imaging accuracy in acoustic reflection logging.This issue is particularly prono... The numerical dispersion phenomenon in the finite-difference forward modeling simulations of the wave equation significantly affects the imaging accuracy in acoustic reflection logging.This issue is particularly pronounced in the reverse time migration(RTM)method used for shear-wave(S-wave)logging imaging.This not only affects imaging accuracy but also introduces ambiguities in the interpretation of logging results.To address this challenge,this study proposes the use of a least-squares difference coefficient optimization algorithm aiming to suppress the numerical dispersion phenomenon in the RTM of S-wave reflection imaging logging.By optimizing the difference coefficients,the high-precision finite-difference algorithm serves as an effective operator for both forward and backward RTM processes.This approach is instrumental in eliminating migration illusions,which are often caused by numerical dispersion.The effectiveness of this optimized algorithm is demonstrated through numerical results,which indicate that it can achieve more accurate forward imaging results across various conditions,including high-and low-velocity strata,and is effective in both large and small spatial grids.The results of processing real data demonstrate that numerical dispersion optimization effectively reduces migration artifacts and diminishes ambiguities in logging interpretations.This optimization offers crucial technical support to the RTM method,enhancing its capability for accurately modeling and imaging S-wave reflections. 展开更多
关键词 acoustic reflection imaging logging finite-difference forward modeling reverse time migration least-squares optimization algorithm
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Estimation of Q and inverse Q filtering for prestack reflected PP-and converted PS-waves 认领 引用 被引量：31
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作者 严红勇 刘洋 《Applied Geophysics》 SCIE 2009年第1期59-69,103,共11页
Multi-component seismic exploration technology, combining reflected PP- and converted PS-waves, is an effective tool for solving complicated oil and gas exploration problems. The improvement of converted wave resoluti... Multi-component seismic exploration technology, combining reflected PP- and converted PS-waves, is an effective tool for solving complicated oil and gas exploration problems. The improvement of converted wave resolution is one of the key problems. The main factor affecting converted wave resolution is the absorption of seismic waves in overlying strata. In order to remove the effect of absorption on converted waves, inverse Q filtering is used to improve the resolution. In this paper, we present a method to estimate the S-wave Q values from prestack converted wave gathers. Furthermore, we extend a stable and effective poststack inverse Q filtering method to prestack data which uses wave field continuation along the ray path to compensate for attenuation in prestack common shot PP- and PS-waves. The results of theoretical modeling prove that the method of estimating the S-wave Q values has high precision. The results from synthetic and real data prove that the stable inverse Q filtering method can effectively improve the resolution of prestack PP- and PS-waves. 展开更多
关键词 reflected PP-wave reflected converted PS-wave prestack Q inverse Q filtering
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Precise calibration of cavity forward and reflected signals using low-level radio-frequency system 认领 引用 被引量：9
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作者 Jin-Ying Ma Feng Qiu +11 位作者 Long-Bo Shi Zheng-Long Zhu Tian-Cai Jiang Zong-Heng Xue Ke-An Jin Qi Chen Cheng-Ye Xu Xing-Hao Ding Zheng Gao Lie-Peng Sun Gui-Rong Huang Yuan He 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第1期35-43,共9页
Precise measurements of the cavity forward(Vf)and reflected signals(Vr)are essential for characterizing other key parameters such as the cavity detuning and forward power.In practice,it is challenging to measure Vf... Precise measurements of the cavity forward(Vf)and reflected signals(Vr)are essential for characterizing other key parameters such as the cavity detuning and forward power.In practice,it is challenging to measure Vf and Vr precisely because of cross talk between the forward and reflected channels(e.g.,coupling between the cavity reflected and forward signals in a directional coupler with limited directivity).For DESY,a method based on the cavity differential equation was proposed to precisely calibrate the actual Vf and Vr.In this study,we verified the validity and practicability of this approach for the Chinese ADS front-end demo superconducting linac(CAFe)facility at the Institute of Modern Physics and a compact energy recovery linac(cERL)test machine at KEK.At the CAFe facility,we successfully calibrated the actual Vf signal using this method.The result demonstrated that the directivity of directional couplers might seriously affect the accuracy of Vf measurement.At the cERL facility,we calibrated the Lorentz force detuning(LFD)using the actual Vf.Our study confirmed that the precise calibration of Vf significantly improves the accuracy of the cavity LFD measurement. 展开更多
关键词 Forward and reflected signals Measurement Calibration
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Transmitted and Reflected Coefficients for Horizontal or Vertical Plate Type Breakwater 认领 引用 被引量：12
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作者 王科 张志强 许旺 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 2011年第2期285-294,共10页
Surface or submerged horizontal or vertical plate can be considered as a new concept breakwater. This paper investigates the wave-plate interaction of this type of breakwater by use of the boundary element method. The... Surface or submerged horizontal or vertical plate can be considered as a new concept breakwater. This paper investigates the wave-plate interaction of this type of breakwater by use of the boundary element method. The relationships of wave transmitted and reflected among plate thickness, submergence and length are carefully studied by numerical simulation. It is shown that： （1） The transmitted coefficients of submerged horizontal plate or vertical plate will become larger with the increase of plate thickness and reduce rapidly with the decrease of plate submergence. （2） Both surface horizontal and vertical plate are efficient for intermediate and short wave elimination, but vertical plate is more effective. （3） Submerged horizontal plate can act more effectively than submerged vertical plate does. With all wave frequencies, the vertical plate almost has no wave elimination effect. 展开更多
关键词 boundary element method plate type breakwater transmitted reflected
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Seismic attenuation in the lower mantle beneath Northeast China constrained from short-period reflected core phases at short epicentral distances 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 BaoLong Zhang SiDao Ni YuLin Chen 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 CAS CSCD 2019年第6期537-546,共10页
The thermal structure of the lower mantle plays a key role in understanding the dynamic processes of the Earth's evolution and mantle convection.Because intrinsic attenuation in the lower mantle is highly sensitiv... The thermal structure of the lower mantle plays a key role in understanding the dynamic processes of the Earth's evolution and mantle convection.Because intrinsic attenuation in the lower mantle is highly sensitive to temperature,determining of the attenuation of the lower mantle could help us determine its thermal state.We attempted to constrain the attenuation of the lower mantle by measuring the amplitude ratios of p to ScP on the vertical component and s to ScS on the tangential component at short epicentral distances for seismic wave data from deep earthquakes in Northeast China.We calculated the theoretical amplitude ratios of p to ScP and s to ScS by using ray theory and the axial-symmetric spectral element method AxiSEM,as well as by considering the effects of radiation patterns,geometrical spreading,and ScP reflection coefficients.By comparing the observed amplitude ratios with the synthetic results,we constrained the quality factors as Qα≈3,000 and Qβ≈1,300 in the lower mantle beneath Northeast China,which are much larger than those in the preliminary reference Earth model(PREM)model of Qα~800 and Qβ~312.We propose that the lower mantle beneath Northeast China is relatively colder than the average mantle,resulting in weaker intrinsic attenuation and higher velocity.We estimated the temperature of the lower mantle beneath Northeast China as approximately 300–700 K colder than the global average value. 展开更多
关键词 seismic attenuation lower mantle Northeast China reflected core phases thermal state
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A new method for specular curved surface defect inspection based on reflected pattern integrity 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 姜美华 付鲁华 +1 位作者 王仲 宋宇航 《Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation》 CAS CSCD 2016年第3期221-228,共8页
Defect inspection of specular curved surface is a challenging job. Taking steel balls for example, a new method based on reflected pattern integrity recognition is put forward. The specular steel ball surface will tot... Defect inspection of specular curved surface is a challenging job. Taking steel balls for example, a new method based on reflected pattern integrity recognition is put forward. The specular steel ball surface will totally reflect the patterns when it is placed inside a dome-shaped light source, whose inner wall is modified by patterns with certain regular. Distortion or intermittence of reflected pattern will occur at the defective part, which indicates the pattern has lost its integrity. Based on the integrity analysis of reflected pattern images？ surface defects can be revealed. In this paper, a set of concentric circles are used as the pattern and an image processing algorithm is customized to extract the surface defects. Results show that the proposed method is effective for the specular curved surface defect inspection 展开更多
关键词 specularity curved surface defect inspection reflected pattern computer vision
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Simulation of Multi-satellite GNSS Reflected Signals and Design of Simulator 认领 引用 被引量：7
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作者 Bowen LI Dongkai YANG Bo ZHANG 《Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science》 CSCD 2021年第2期36-46,共11页
Using GNSS-R technology for remote sensing of surface parameters has become a new trend in the field of remote sensing.With the rapid development of GNSS-R technology,GNSS-R simulation has become one of the new hot sp... Using GNSS-R technology for remote sensing of surface parameters has become a new trend in the field of remote sensing.With the rapid development of GNSS-R technology,GNSS-R simulation has become one of the new hot spots.Now the researches of the GNSS-R simulation are all the simulations that consider a single star or a single frequency point,and in actual applications,the signal captured by the receiver is often the reflected signals of multiple stars.In view of this situation,from the perspective of multi-satellite simulation,this paper gives the model of GNSS-R multi-satellite ocean simulation on the basis of analyzing the remote sensing principle,reflection signal model and simulation principle of GNSS-R technology.Based on the GNSS-R multi-satellite ocean simulation model and the fast parallel computing capability of GPU,the GNSS-R multi-satellite ocean simulator was designed.Finally,the direct and reflected signals generated by the GNSS-R multi-satellite simulator were tested and verified.The results show that the positioning result of the direct signal meets the positioning accuracy requirements;The delay-related power results obtained from the simulated two-satellite reflected signals processing are in good agreement with the theoretical model,and the correlation coefficients are all above 0.99;The generated signals are used for GNSS-R height measurement technology,the height measurement error is about 1.4~1.8 m,which is in line with the accuracy of the C/A code ranging receiver;And the parallel operation of the GPU for multi-satellite simulation calculation is 800—900 times higher than the traditional CPU calculation.It proves that the proposed model and the designed simulator are feasible and accurate. 展开更多
关键词 GNSS reflected signals multi-satellite simulation simulator design
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Tests and Applications of An Approach to Absorbing Reflected Waves Towards Incident Boundary 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 张洪生 王炎 +2 位作者 许春辉 商辉 于小伟 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2013年第6期703-718,共16页
If the upstream boundary conditions are prescribed based on the incident wave only, the time-dependent numerical models cannot effectively simulate the wave field when the physical or spurious reflected waves become s... If the upstream boundary conditions are prescribed based on the incident wave only, the time-dependent numerical models cannot effectively simulate the wave field when the physical or spurious reflected waves become significant. This paper describes carefully an approach to specifying the incident wave boundary conditions combined with a set sponge layer to absorb the reflected waves towards the incident boundary. Incorporated into a time-dependent numerical model, whose governing equations are the Boussinesq-type ones, the effectiveness of the approach is studied in detail. The general boundary conditions, describing the down-wave boundary conditions are also generalized to the case of random waves. The numerical model is in detail examined. The test cases include both the normal one-dimensional incident regular or random waves and the two-dimensional oblique incident regular waves. The calculated results show that the present approach is effective on damping the reflected waves towards the incident wave boundary. 展开更多
关键词 incident boundary sponge layer reflected waves Boussinesq-type model general boundary conditions
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Application of Gaussian Beam Summation Migration in Reflected In-seam Wave Imaging 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 HAN Jianguang LÜQingtian +2 位作者 ZHANG Zhiheng YANG Shun WANG Shuo 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期276-284,共9页
The geological conditions for coal mining in China are complex,with various structural issues such as faults and collapsed columns seriously compromising the safety of coal mine production.In-seam wave exploration is ... The geological conditions for coal mining in China are complex,with various structural issues such as faults and collapsed columns seriously compromising the safety of coal mine production.In-seam wave exploration is an effective technique for acquiring detailed information on geological structures in coal seam working faces.However,the existing reflected in-seam wave imaging technique can no longer meet the exploration precision requirements,making it imperative to develop a new reflected in-seam wave imaging technique.This study applies the Gaussian beam summation(GBS)migration method to imaging coal seams'reflected in-seam wave data.Firstly,with regard to the characteristics of the reflected in-seam wave data,methods such as wavefield removal and enveloped superposition are employed for the corresponding wavefield separation,wave train compression and other processing of reflected in-seam waves.Thereafter,imaging is performed using the GBS migration technique.The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for reflected in-seam wave imaging are validated by conducting GBS migration tests on 3D coal-seam fault models with different dip angles and throws.By applying the method to reflected in-seam wave data for an actual coal seam working face,accurate imaging of a fault structure is obtained,thereby validating its practicality. 展开更多
关键词 reflected in-seam wave Gaussian beam summation migration numerical tests fault
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Effect of HITRAN Database Improvement on Retrievals of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide from Reflected Sunlight Spectra in the 1.61-μm Spectral Window 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 戴铁 石广玉 张兴赢 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第2期227-235,共9页
A large number of experimental and theoretical investigations of carbon dioxide （CO 2 ） spectra have been conducted since the most recent update of the High-Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption （HITRAN） da... A large number of experimental and theoretical investigations of carbon dioxide （CO 2 ） spectra have been conducted since the most recent update of the High-Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption （HITRAN） database. To maintain optimal parameters, the HITRAN 2004 CO 2 line list has been completely replaced by HITRAN 2008 data in the near-infrared region from 4300 cm-1 to 7000 cm-1 . To examine the effect of this change on the retrieval of CO 2 vertical column data from reflected sunlight spectra in the 1.61-μm spectral window, synthetic measurements for a given atmospheric state and instrument setup were generated and compared using radiative transfer model with the line-transition parameters from the HITRAN 2004 and 2008 databases. Simulated retrievals were then performed based on the optimal estimation retrieval theory. The results show that large systematic errors in atmospheric CO 2 column retrievals were induced by the differences in the HITRAN laboratory line parameters in the 1.61-μm region. The retrieved CO 2 columns were underestimated by 10 ppm using the HITRAN 2004 data, and improvements resulting from the use of the improved HITRAN database were more pronounced at a higher spectral resolution. 展开更多
关键词 HITRAN database retrieval of CO 2 reflected sunlight spectra
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Fault detection by reflected surface waves based on ambient noise interferometry 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Ning Gu Haijiang Zhang +1 位作者 Nori Nakata Ji Gao 《Earthquake Research Advances》 CSCD 2021年第4期22-27,共6页
Detecting subsurface fault structure is important for evaluating potential earthquake risks associated with active faults.In this study,we propose a new method to detect faults using reflected surface waves observed i... Detecting subsurface fault structure is important for evaluating potential earthquake risks associated with active faults.In this study,we propose a new method to detect faults using reflected surface waves observed in ambient noise cross correlation functions.Ambient noise tomography using direct surface waves obtained from ambient noise interferometry has been widely used to characterize active fault zones.In cases where a strong velocity contrast exists across the fault interface,fault-reflected surface waves are expected.We test this idea using a linear array deployed in the Suqian segment of Tanlu fault zone in Eastern China.The fault-reflected surface waves can be clearly seen in the cross-correlation functions of the ambient noise data,and the spatial position of the fault on the surface is close to the stations where the reflected signals first appear.Potentially reflected surface waves could also be used to infer the dip angle,fault zone thickness and the degree of velocity contrast across the fault by comparing synthetic and observed waveforms. 展开更多
关键词 Fault detection Ambient noise Cross-correlation functions Reflected surface wave Tanlu fault zone
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A Three-Point Method for Separating Incident and Reflected Waves over A Sloping Bed 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 CHANG Hsien-Kuo 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 2002年第4期499-511,共13页
This study presents a three-point method for separating incident and reflected waves to explain normally incident waves' propagating over a sloping bed. linear wave shoaling is used to determine changes in wave am... This study presents a three-point method for separating incident and reflected waves to explain normally incident waves' propagating over a sloping bed. linear wave shoaling is used to determine changes in wave amplitude and phase in response to variations of bathymetry. The wave reflection coefficient and incident amplitude are estimated from wave heights measured at three fixed wave gauges with unequal spacing. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the proposed method can predict the reflection and amplitude of waves over a sloping bed more accurately than the two-point method. 展开更多
关键词 reflected wave wave shoaling sloping bed
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Anomalous behaviours of terahertz reflected waves transmitted from GaAs induced by optical pumping 认领 引用
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作者 施宇蕾 周庆莉 +1 位作者 赵冬梅 张存林 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS 2009年第12期5518-5522,共5页
Femtosecond pump-terahertz probe studies of carrier dynamics in semi-insulating CaAs have been investigated in detail for various pump powers. It is observed that, at high pump powers, the reflection peaks flip to the... Femtosecond pump-terahertz probe studies of carrier dynamics in semi-insulating CaAs have been investigated in detail for various pump powers. It is observed that, at high pump powers, the reflection peaks flip to the opposite polarity and dramatically enhance as the pump arrival time approaches the reflected wave of the terahertz pulse. The abnormal polarity-flip and enhancement can be interpreted by the pump-induced enhancement in the photoconductivity of GaAs and half-wave loss. Moreover, the carrier relaxation processes and surface states filling in GaAs are also studied in these measurements. 展开更多
关键词 terahertz carrier dynamics reflected wave
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NADARAYA-WATSON ESTIMATORS FOR REFLECTED STOCHASTIC PROCESSES 认领 引用
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作者 韩月才 张丁文 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期143-160,共18页
We study the Nadaraya-Watson estimators for the drift function of two-sided reflected stochastic differential equations.The estimates,based on either the continuously observed process or the discretely observed proces... We study the Nadaraya-Watson estimators for the drift function of two-sided reflected stochastic differential equations.The estimates,based on either the continuously observed process or the discretely observed process,are considered.Under certain conditions,we prove the strong consistency and the asymptotic normality of the two estimators.Our method is also suitable for one-sided reflected stochastic differential equations.Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of our estimator is superior to that of the estimator proposed by Cholaquidis et al.(Stat Sin,2021,31:29-51).Several real data sets of the currency exchange rate are used to illustrate our proposed methodology. 展开更多
关键词 reflected stochastic differential equation discretely observed process continuously observed process Nadaraya-Watson estimator asymptotic behavior
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Estimating Directional Distribution for Co-Existent Field of Incident and Reflected Waves 认领 引用
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作者 Zhao, DL Guan, CL 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 1998年第3期353-358,共6页
In the nearshore, the wave field contains reflected and incident waves in which there is correlation between their phases due to the effect of reflection by some obstacles. Based on the extended eigenvector method (EE... In the nearshore, the wave field contains reflected and incident waves in which there is correlation between their phases due to the effect of reflection by some obstacles. Based on the extended eigenvector method (EEV) derived by Guan et al., a modified method (MEEV) is proposed as a general and practical approach to estimating directional spectra for the co-existent field of incident and reflected waves and a formula is given for direct calculation of the reflection coefficient. The results of numerical simulations show that MEEV is superior to EEV in resolution power, and the computed reflection coefficient agrees well with the real value within a certain range of incident angle. 展开更多
关键词 directional spectra incident and reflected waves extended eigenvector method reflection coefficient
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A NOTE ON STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL CONTROL OF REFLECTED DIFFUSIONS WITH JUMPS 认领 引用
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作者 丁灯 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 2000年第9期1079-1090,共12页
Stochastic optimal control problems for a class of reflected diffusion with Poisson jumps in a half-space are considered. The nonlinear Nisio' s semigroup for such optimal control problems was constructed. A Hamil... Stochastic optimal control problems for a class of reflected diffusion with Poisson jumps in a half-space are considered. The nonlinear Nisio' s semigroup for such optimal control problems was constructed. A Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation with the Neumann boundary condition associated with this semigroup was obtained. Then, viscosity solutions of this equation were defined and discussed, and various uniqueness of this equation was also considered. Finally, the value function was such optimal control problems is shown to be a viscosity solution of this equation. 展开更多
关键词 stochastic optimal control reflected diffusion with jumps Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation viscosity solution
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THE INTERACTION OF A SHOCK WAVE WITH THE BOUNDARY LAYER IN A REFLECTED SHOCK TUNNEL 认领 引用
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作者 徐立功 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE 1989年第6期545-552,共8页
The influence of a nontotal reflection on the interaction of a reflected shock wave with the boundary layer in a reflected shock tunnel has been investigated. The calculating method of the velocity, the temperature an... The influence of a nontotal reflection on the interaction of a reflected shock wave with the boundary layer in a reflected shock tunnel has been investigated. The calculating method of the velocity, the temperature and the Mach number profiles in the boundary layer in reflected shock fixed coordinates has been obtained. To account for equilibrium real gas effects of nitrogen, the numerical results show that the minimum Mach number in the boundary layer has been moved from the wall into the boundary layer with the increasing of the incident shock Mach number. The minimum Mach number, the shock angle in the bifurcated foot and the jet velocity along the wall to the end plate are reduced owing to the Increasing of the area of nozzle throat. The numerical results are in good agreement with measurements. 展开更多
关键词 very THE INTERACTION OF A SHOCK WAVE WITH THE BOUNDARY LAYER IN A REFLECTED SHOCK TUNNEL
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Numerical Simulated Study on the Separation of Oblique Incident and Reflected Waves 认领 引用
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作者 邵利民 俞聿修 《Marine Science Bulletin》 2001年第1期26-37,共12页
The Goda's method of separating the frequency spectrum of the unidirectional incident and reflected waves is improved. The proposed method can be applied to the separation of oblique incident and reflected waves a... The Goda's method of separating the frequency spectrum of the unidirectional incident and reflected waves is improved. The proposed method can be applied to the separation of oblique incident and reflected waves and the two wave gauges can be arranged in an arbitrary angle in front of a structure. When the projected distance of the two probes on the incident wave direction is the multiple ofthe half length of the incident waves, the singular problem will emerge by using the method. It is advised that when the projected distance of the two measured points on the incident wave direction is 0.05～0.45 times the wave length of peak frequency wave, good results can be obtained. The simulated resultant waves are separated by the method of numerical simulation and the separated wave spectra are basically corresponding to the target spectra input. The wave trains calculated by the separated incident and reflected wave frequency spectrum are approximated to the input wave trains and the reflected coefficient can be derived correctly. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper is reliable. 展开更多
关键词 oblique direction, incident wave, reflected wave, frequency spectrum,separated, numerical simulation
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Reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction structure analysis based on large eddy simulation 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Dongdong ZHONG Lixu WANG Ning GE 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第5期364-372,共9页
In order to understand the physical phenomenon of the reflected shockurbulent boundary layer interaction,the Large Eddy Simulation(LES)is conducted to investigate shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction in... In order to understand the physical phenomenon of the reflected shockurbulent boundary layer interaction,the Large Eddy Simulation(LES)is conducted to investigate shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction in a 12°compression ramp with inlet high Mach number of 2.9.Rescalingecycling method is used as inflow turbulence generation technique and validated on a supersonic flat plate turbulent boundary layer.The flow field of recycling plane in the plate computation domain is obtained to give the inlet boundary condition for the LES computation.This paper focuses on the reflected shockurbulent boundary layer interaction region,where the fine flow structure and instantaneous flow field are analyzed in detail.It is found that the unsteady motion of the shock wave leads to the increase of wall pressure fluctuation. 展开更多
关键词 Large eddy simulation Reflected STBLI Rescalingecycling method Shock motion Turbulent
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Notes on the variability of reflected inner core phases 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Dunzhu Li Daoyuan Sun Don Helmberger 《Earthquake Science》 2014年第4期441-468,共28页
Recent events beneath Central America have produced excellent sets of inner core reflection （PKiKP phase） at high frequency recorded by USArray ranging from 18° to 30°. However, the amplitude of this phase... Recent events beneath Central America have produced excellent sets of inner core reflection （PKiKP phase） at high frequency recorded by USArray ranging from 18° to 30°. However, the amplitude of this phase displays considerable scatter with a factor of six or more. Such scatter has been attributed to upper-mantle scattering and the Inner Core Boundary （ICB） in combination. Here, we show that neighboring events share upper-mantle scatterers beneath the receivers, and their ratio allows a clearer image of deep earth structure. Alter confirming some of the measured variation is indeed due to deep structure, we stacked nearby traces to reduce fine scale variations which are mostly due to shallow structure. Then, the remaining relatively large scale variation pattern of PKiKP phase is caused by the inner core boundary, as demonstrated by numerical experiments. After migration of data to the 1CB, we observe a consistent image. We find such a pattern can be explained by a patch of mushy material of a few kilometers high where the material changes gradually from that of the outer core to that of the inner core. 展开更多
关键词 ICB Notes on the variability of reflected inner core phases core
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