期刊文献+
任意字段
题名或关键词
题名
关键词
摘要
作者
第一作者
机构
刊名
分类号
参考文献
作者简介
基金资助
栏目信息
共找到850篇文章
< 1 2 … 43 >
每页显示 20 50 100
已选0条
引用分析
参考文献
引证文献
 统计分析
检索结果
已选文献
显示方式：
The updated requirements and functional roles of dietary protein and amino acids in ducks:a comprehensive review 认领 引用
1
作者 Yongbao Wu Yong Jiang +2 位作者 Jing Tang Shuisheng Hou Zhiguo Wen 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第4期1771-1790,共20页
Waterfowl,primarily ducks,constitute a major commercial poultry species globally,their production efficiency is heavily influenced by dietary protein and amino acid intake.Although the National Research Council(NRC,Nu... Waterfowl,primarily ducks,constitute a major commercial poultry species globally,their production efficiency is heavily influenced by dietary protein and amino acid intake.Although the National Research Council(NRC,Nutrient requirements of poultry,1994)established fundamental recommendations for protein and amino acid requirements in ducks,tremendous improvements and changes(growth speed,rearing system,and dietary strategy)have been made in duck industry over the past decades.Consequently,these standards no longer adequately reflect the nutritional needs of modern duck production systems.This review presents updated estimates of dietary crude protein and key amino acid requirements,including methionine,lysine,threonine,tryptophan,and arginine,etc.,which are essential for formulating precision diets to maximize growth performance,carcass yield in meat ducks,as well as reproductive performance in laying ducks and breeders.Furthermore,the functional roles of these amino acids as critical regulators of physiological processes are systematically examined,including lipid metabolism(methionine and threonine),intestinal barrier integrity(threonine),regulation of feed intake via nitric oxide(arginine),and the modulation of behavior and stress responses(tryptophan).The implementation of low-protein dietary strategies(crude protein levels as low as 15%for growing meat ducks,and 14.5%for laying ducks)is also discussed for maintaining performance while improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.The recent publication of updated Chinese national feeding standards for meat-type(GB/T 45103-2024)and laying ducks(GB/T 41189-2021)incorporates these modern research advances,representing a significant milestone and providing a modern framework to guide the global duck industries.In summary,this review highlights the urgent need to move beyond outdated nutritional standards and adopt modern,evidence-based amino acid requirements tailored to modern duck production.The integration of low-protein diet strategies along with a refined understanding of amino acid functions is crucial for optimizing duck production,enhancing nutrient efficiency,and reducing environmental impacts.Future research should focus on establishing the precise requirements for other essential amino acids and certain non-essential amino acids,and further elucidating how amino acids molecularly modulate gene expression,signaling pathways,and gut microbiota to develop innovative and sustainable nutritional strategies for ducks. 展开更多
关键词 Amino acid requirement Duck nutrition Functional role Growth performance Low-protein diet Precision feeding
暂未订购 下载PDF
Research on industry requirements for software testing engineers based on data analysis 认领 引用
2
作者 Jingdong Jia Zishen Wang 《计算机教育》 2026年第6期259-266,共8页
It is widely recognized that universities should cultivate professional engineers needed by the marketplace.Thus,it is necessary to know what are industry requirements for software testing engineers,which is crucial f... It is widely recognized that universities should cultivate professional engineers needed by the marketplace.Thus,it is necessary to know what are industry requirements for software testing engineers,which is crucial for the teaching of software testing courses.This paper analyzed testing job ads to study employers’requirements.We first obtained lots of job ads for testers from a recruitment website.Then,the regular expression matching method was used to extract the relevant texts from job ads,and the original dataset was built after data preprocessing.Next,the fine-tuned bBidirectional eEncoder rRepresentations from tTransformers(BERT)model was used to classify the job requirement data into three categories:knowledge,skills,and dispositions.Finally,through the word frequency statistics method,the common requirements of each category for testers were extracted.In terms of knowledge,the mastery of testing tools,the mastery of common testing method,and proficiency in programming languages are the top three requirements.In respect to skills,test cases design,testing requirement analysis,and test plan formulation are highlighted.As for dispositions,communication skills,teamwork,and responsibility are emphasized.In addition,we also explored the common industry requirements of each category for four tester subroles:function,performance,automated testing,and system testing,and compared the results with the overall requirements.Our findings provide the direction not only for the teaching of software testing course but also for the career planning of testers. 展开更多
关键词 Industry requirements Software testing Job advertisements BERT model Data analysis
暂未订购 下载PDF
An Improved Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Security Requirements Classification 认领 引用
3
作者 Shoaib Hassan QianmuLi +2 位作者 Muhammad Zubair Rakan AAlsowail Muhammad Umair 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2025年第3期4041-4067,共27页
As the trend to use the latestmachine learning models to automate requirements engineering processes continues,security requirements classification is tuning into the most researched field in the software engineering ... As the trend to use the latestmachine learning models to automate requirements engineering processes continues,security requirements classification is tuning into the most researched field in the software engineering community.Previous literature studies have proposed numerousmodels for the classification of security requirements.However,adopting those models is constrained due to the lack of essential datasets permitting the repetition and generalization of studies employing more advanced machine learning algorithms.Moreover,most of the researchers focus only on the classification of requirements with security keywords.They did not consider other nonfunctional requirements(NFR)directly or indirectly related to security.This has been identified as a significant research gap in security requirements engineering.The major objective of this study is to propose a security requirements classification model that categorizes security and other relevant security requirements.We use PROMISE_exp and DOSSPRE,the two most commonly used datasets in the software engineering community.The proposed methodology consists of two steps.In the first step,we analyze all the nonfunctional requirements and their relation with security requirements.We found 10 NFRs that have a strong relationship with security requirements.In the second step,we categorize those NFRs in the security requirements category.Our proposedmethodology is a hybridmodel based on the ConvolutionalNeural Network(CNN)and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)models.Moreover,we evaluate the model by updating the requirement type column with a binary classification column in the dataset to classify the requirements into security and non-security categories.The performance is evaluated using four metrics:recall,precision,accuracy,and F1 Score with 20 and 28 epochs number and batch size of 32 for PROMISE_exp and DOSSPRE datasets and achieved 87.3%and 85.3%accuracy,respectively.The proposed study shows an enhancement in metrics values compared to the previous literature studies.This is a proof of concept for systematizing the evaluation of security recognition in software systems during the early phases of software development. 展开更多
关键词 Requirements engineering security requirements deep learning CNN XGBoost classification
暂未订购 下载PDF
Beamforming Design for Transmissive RISs-Aided Indoor Communications Under Different Service Requirements 认领 引用
4
作者 Pang Lihua Wang Yue +3 位作者 Zhang Yang Zhang Yiteng Chen Yijian Wang Anyi 《China Communications》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第8期58-75,共18页
As emerging services continue to be explored,indoor communications geared towards different user requirements will face severe challenges such as larger penetration losses and more critical multipath issues,leading to... As emerging services continue to be explored,indoor communications geared towards different user requirements will face severe challenges such as larger penetration losses and more critical multipath issues,leading to difficulties in achieving flexible coverage.In this paper,we introduce transmissive reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs)as intelligent passive auxiliary devices into indoor scenes,replacing conventional ultra-dense small cell and relay forwarding approaches to address these issues at low deployment and operation costs.Specifically,we study the optimization design of active and passive beamforming for the transmissive RISs-aided indoor multiuser downlink communication systems.This involves considering more realistic indoor congestion modeling and near-field propagation characteristics.The goal of our optimization is to minimize the total transmit power at the access point(AP)for different user service requirements,including quality-of-service(QoS)and wireless power transfer(WPT).Due to the nonconvex nature of the optimization problem,adaptive penalty coefficients are imported to solve it alternatively with closed-form solutions for both active and passive beamforming.Simulation results demonstrate that the use of transmissive RISs is indeed an efficient way to achieve flexible coverage in indoor scenarios.Furthermore,the proposed optimization algorithm has been proven to be effective and robust in achieving energy-saving transmission. 展开更多
关键词 active and passive beamforming different user requirements indoor communications near-field transmissive reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)
暂未订购 下载PDF
Communications in Urban Low-Altitude Drone Logistics Networks:Requirements,Solutions and Challenges 认领 引用
5
作者 Duan Ruiyang Mao Yinian +1 位作者 Chen Jialong Song Jian 《China Communications》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第9期37-47,共11页
Communications system has a signifi-cant impact on both operational safety and logisti-cal efficiency within low-altitude drone logistics net-works.Aiming at providing a systematic investiga-tion of real-world communi... Communications system has a signifi-cant impact on both operational safety and logisti-cal efficiency within low-altitude drone logistics net-works.Aiming at providing a systematic investiga-tion of real-world communication requirements and challenges encountered in Meituan UAV’s daily oper-ations,this article first introduces the operational sce-narios within current drone logistics networks and an-alyzes the related communication requirements.Then,the current communication solution and its inherent bottlenecks are elaborated.Finally,this paper explores emerging technologies and examines their application prospects in drone logistics networks. 展开更多
关键词 communication challenges communication requirements drone logistics low-altitude economy
暂未订购 下载PDF
“Four Necessary Requirements”for Forging the Strong Sense of Community of the Chinese Nation Community Lead the High-quality Development of Ethnic Work 认领 引用
6
作者 Naranadimteg 《西部蒙古论坛》 2025年第4期113-118,125,126,共6页
The“Four Necessary Requirements”proposed at the 2021 CPC Central Committee Conference on Ethnic Work have pointed out the direction and provided fundamental guidance for doing a good job in the Party’s ethnic work ... The“Four Necessary Requirements”proposed at the 2021 CPC Central Committee Conference on Ethnic Work have pointed out the direction and provided fundamental guidance for doing a good job in the Party’s ethnic work in the new era.Safeguarding the fundamental interests of all ethnic groups is an important foundation for leading the high-quality development of various works in ethnic areas.The ultimate goal is to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Consolidating and developing equal,united,mutually supportive,and harmonious socialist ethnic relations is the action guide,and opening up a new prospect in ethnic work is the practical orientation.The four necessary requirements for forging the strong sense of the Chinese nation community will lead the high-quality development of the Party’s ethnic work and various works in ethnic regions in the new era,and continuously promote the construction of the Chinese nation community. 展开更多
关键词 strong sense Chinese nation community fundamental interests high quality development great rejuvenation Chinese nation ethnic work equal four necessary requirements united
暂未订购 下载PDF
Large Language Models in Software Engineering Education: A Preliminary Study on Software Requirements Engineering Courses 认领 引用
7
作者 Feng Chen Shaomin Zhu +1 位作者 Xin Liu Ying Qian 《计算机教育》 2025年第3期24-33,共10页
The advent of large language models(LLMs)has made knowledge acquisition and content creation increasingly easier and cheaper,which in turn redefines learning and urges transformation in software engineering education.... The advent of large language models(LLMs)has made knowledge acquisition and content creation increasingly easier and cheaper,which in turn redefines learning and urges transformation in software engineering education.To do so,there is a need to understand the impact of LLMs on software engineering education.In this paper,we conducted a preliminary case study on three software requirements engineering classes where students are allowed to use LLMs to assist in their projects.Based on the students’experience,performance,and feedback from a survey conducted at the end of the courses,we characterized the challenges and benefits of applying LLMs in software engineering education.This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the integration of LLMs in education,emphasizing both their prominent potential and the need for balanced,mindful usage. 展开更多
关键词 Large language models Software engineering Software requirements engineering Education
暂未订购 下载PDF
Exporting Perfumes to China:Key Compliance and Import Requirements 认领 引用
8
作者 Jarius Ji 《China Detergent & Cosmetics》 CAS 2025年第2期12-15,共4页
China's perfume market has been experiencing significant growth.The “2024 China Perfume and Fragrance White Paper”,jointly published by Eternal Group,DSM-Firmenich,and Ipsos in September 2024,reveals that the ma... China's perfume market has been experiencing significant growth.The “2024 China Perfume and Fragrance White Paper”,jointly published by Eternal Group,DSM-Firmenich,and Ipsos in September 2024,reveals that the market surged from 11.4 billion yuan in 2018 to 22.9 billion yuan in 2023,achieving a compound annual growth rate(CAGR) of 15%.With projections estimating a rise to 44 billion yuan by 2028 at a 14% CAGR,the sector's long-term growth prospects remain strong. 展开更多
关键词 growth prospects white paper China compliance perfumes perfume market import requirements
暂未订购 下载PDF
A Literature Review on the Cultivation of Vocational Undergraduate Talents in China:Essential Differences and Compatibility Requirements 认领 引用
9
作者 Lihong Zhong 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2025年第12期19-26,共8页
As a key initiative in China’s efforts to build a modern vocational education system,the positioning and model of talent cultivation in undergraduate-level vocational education(vocational undergraduate)have become an... As a key initiative in China’s efforts to build a modern vocational education system,the positioning and model of talent cultivation in undergraduate-level vocational education(vocational undergraduate)have become an important issue.Based on a systematic literature review,this paper aims to clarify the essential differences between vocational undergraduate talent cultivation and regular undergraduate and higher vocational education,and to analyze its key compatibility requirements.The study finds that vocational undergraduate education inherently possesses dual characteristics of“vocational”and“higher education,”following the logic of the work system,and aims to cultivate high-level technical and skilled talents who can engage in technological integration and innovation as“domain implementers.”This stands in sharp contrast to the discipline-oriented knowledge of regular undergraduate education and the skill-oriented operation of higher vocational education.The successful implementation of vocational undergraduate talent cultivation requires meeting three compatibility requirements:alignment with industrial development needs,adaptation to learners’individual sustainable development,and integration with the modern vocational education system.Practical approaches include clarifying cultivation positioning based on technical logic,innovating industry-education integration models,building competency-oriented curriculum systems,and developing a“dual-qualified”faculty team.Despite challenges such as social recognition and the depth of industry-education integration,the future development of vocational undergraduate education requires strengthening its distinctive characteristics,deepening school-enterprise cooperation,advancing digital transformation,and improving the vocational education system.The conclusion of this paper argues that vocational undergraduate talent cultivation is a systematic project,and its high-quality development is crucial to supporting national strategies and socio-economic development. 展开更多
关键词 Vocational undergraduate education Talent cultivation Essential differences Adaptability requirements Industry-education integration
暂未订购 下载PDF
Macromineral requirements of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred female lambs 认领 引用 被引量：1
10
作者 JI Shou-kun XU Gui-shan +4 位作者 DIAO Qi-yu DENG Kai-dong JIANG Cheng-gang TU Yan ZHANG Nai-feng 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第8期1617-1626,共10页
A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to determine the net mineral requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred female lambs raised from 20 to 35 kg of body weight（BW）.Thirty-five Dorper×th... A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to determine the net mineral requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred female lambs raised from 20 to 35 kg of body weight（BW）.Thirty-five Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred female lambs of（20.3±1.14） kg BW were used： 7 lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment as the baseline group for measuring the initial body composition; another 7 lambs were randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet ad libitum and slaughtered at（27.0±0.73） kg BW; the remaining 21 lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 7 animals each and subjected to the same diet either ad l ibitum or at 70 or 40% of ad libitum intake.The 21 lambs were fed in 7 slaughter groups, with each group consisting of one lamb from each treatment（ad libitum, 70 or 40% of ad libitum intake）.The 3 groups were slaughtered when the sheep fed ad libitum attained（33.8±0.52） kg of BW.The body composition of five minerals（Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg） was determined.The net mineral requirements for maintenance were 35.01, 25.18, 9.30, 31.35, and 2.03 mg kg–1 empty BW（EBW） for Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg, respectively, and the net growth requirement per kg of EBW gain ranged from 9.73 to 8.87 g of Ca, 5.83 to 5.27 g of P, 1.73 to 1.63 g of Na, 3.73 to 4.08 g of K, and 0.26 to 0.25 g of Mg for Dorper crossbred lambs in China, respectively.The estimates of mineral requirements with Dorper crossbred lambs in the current study were not consistent with the recommendations from previous studies. 展开更多
关键词 macrominerals comparative slaughter trials maintenance requirements growth requirements sheep
暂未订购 下载PDF
Effective Hybrid Content-Based Collaborative Filtering Approach for Requirements Engineering 认领 引用 被引量：1
11
作者 Qusai Y.Shambour Abdelrahman H.Hussein +1 位作者 Qasem M.Kharma Mosleh M.Abualhaj 《Computer Systems Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI 2022年第1期113-125,共13页
Requirements engineering(RE)is among the most valuable and critical processes in software development.The quality of this process significantly affects the success of a software project.An important step in RE is requ... Requirements engineering(RE)is among the most valuable and critical processes in software development.The quality of this process significantly affects the success of a software project.An important step in RE is requirements elicitation,which involves collecting project-related requirements from different sources.Repositories of reusable requirements are typically important sources of an increasing number of reusable software requirements.However,the process of searching such repositories to collect valuable project-related requirements is time-consuming and difficult to perform accurately.Recommender systems have been widely recognized as an effective solution to such problem.Accordingly,this study proposes an effective hybrid content-based collaborative filtering recommendation approach.The proposed approach will support project stake-holders in mitigating the risk of missing requirements during requirements elicitation by identifying related requirements from software requirement repositories.The experimental results on the RALIC dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach considerably outperforms baseline collaborative filtering-based recom-mendation methods in terms of prediction accuracy and coverage in addition to mitigating the data sparsity and cold-start item problems. 展开更多
关键词 Requirements engineering recommender systems requirements elicitation collaborative filtering content-based filtering
暂未订购 下载PDF
Towards a Formalized Ontology-Based Requirements Model 认领 引用
12
作者 蒋丹东 张申生 王英林 《Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)》 EI 2005年第1期34-39,共6页
The goal of this paper is to take a further step towards an ontological approach for representing requirements information. The motivation for ontologies was discussed. The definitions of ontology and requirements ont... The goal of this paper is to take a further step towards an ontological approach for representing requirements information. The motivation for ontologies was discussed. The definitions of ontology and requirements ontology were given. Then, it presented a collection of informal terms, including four subject areas. It also discussed the formalization process of ontology. The underlying meta-ontology was determined, and the formalized requirements ontology was analyzed. This formal ontology is built to serve as a basis for requirements model. Finally, the implementation of software system was given. 展开更多
关键词 requirements ontology ontology meta-ontology requirements model formalized
暂未订购 下载PDF
A Requirements Engineering Environment for Embedded Real-Time Software—SREE 认领 引用
13
作者 LI Yonghua SHU Fengdi +1 位作者 WU Guoqing LIANG Zhengping 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 EI CAS 2006年第3期533-538,共6页
The paper presents the embedded real-time software-oriented requirements engineering environment—SREZ. It involves the whole process of software requirements engineering, including the definition, analysis and checki... The paper presents the embedded real-time software-oriented requirements engineering environment—SREZ. It involves the whole process of software requirements engineering, including the definition, analysis and checking of requirements ,specifications. We first explain the principles of the executable specification language RTRSM. Subsequently, we introduce the main functions of SREE, illustrate the methods and techniques of checking requirements specifications, especially how to perform simulation execution, combining prototyping method with RTRSM and animated representations. At last, we compare the SREE with other requirements specifications methods and make a summary for SREE＇s advantages. 展开更多
关键词 embedded real-time system requirements specification requirements verification simulation execution
暂未订购 下载PDF
Automated Test Case Generation from Requirements: A Systematic Literature Review 认领 引用 被引量：2
14
作者 Ahmad Mustafa Wan M.N.Wan-Kadir +5 位作者 Noraini Ibrahim Muhammad Arif Shah Muhammad Younas Atif Khan Mahdi Zareei Faisal Alanazi 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2021年第5期1819-1833,共15页
Software testing is an important and cost intensive activity in software development.The major contribution in cost is due to test case generations.Requirement-based testing is an approach in which test cases are deri... Software testing is an important and cost intensive activity in software development.The major contribution in cost is due to test case generations.Requirement-based testing is an approach in which test cases are derivative from requirements without considering the implementation’s internal structure.Requirement-based testing includes functional and nonfunctional requirements.The objective of this study is to explore the approaches that generate test cases from requirements.A systematic literature review based on two research questions and extensive quality assessment criteria includes studies.The study identies 30 primary studies from 410 studies spanned from 2000 to 2018.The review’s nding shows that 53%of journal papers,42%of conference papers,and 5%of book chapters’address requirementsbased testing.Most of the studies use UML,activity,and use case diagrams for test case generation from requirements.One of the signicant lessons learned is that most software testing errors are traced back to errors in natural language requirements.A substantial amount of work focuses on UML diagrams for test case generations,which cannot capture all the system’s developed attributes.Furthermore,there is a lack of UML-based models that can generate test cases from natural language requirements by rening them in context.Coverage criteria indicate how efciently the testing has been performed 12.37%of studies use requirements coverage,20%of studies cover path coverage,and 17%study basic coverage. 展开更多
关键词 Test case generation functional testing techniques requirementsbased test case generation system testing natural language requirement requirements tractability coverage criteria
暂未订购 下载PDF
Regional distribution of wheat yield and chemical fertilizer requirements in China 认领 引用 被引量：13
15
作者 XU Xin-peng HE Ping +7 位作者 CHUAN Li-min LIU Xiao-yan LIU Ying-xia ZHANG Jia-jia HUANG Xiao-meng QIU Shao-jun ZHAO Shi-cheng ZHOU Wei 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第10期2772-2780,共9页
Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making.Datasets from a ... Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making.Datasets from a total of 5408 field experiments were collected from 2000 to 2015 across the major wheat production regions in China to analyze the spatial distribution of wheat yield,the soil nutrient supply capacity(represented by relative yield,defined as the ratio of the yield under the omission of one of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)to the yield under the full NPK fertilizer application),and N,P and K fertilizer requirements by combining the kriging interpolation method with the Nutrient Expert Decision Support System for Wheat.The results indicated that the average attainable yield was 6.4 t ha−1,with a coefficient of variation(CV)of 24.9% across all sites.The yields in North-central China(NCC)and the northern part of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLYR)were generally higher than 7 t ha−1,whereas the yields in Southwest China(SWC),Northeast China(NEC),and the eastern part of Northwest China(NWC)were usually less than 6 t ha−1.The precentage of area having a relative yield above 0.70,0.85,and 0.85 for N,P,and K fertilizers accounted for 52.3,74.7,and 95.9%,respectively.Variation existed in N,P,and K fertilizer requirements,with a CV of 24.8,23.9,and 29.9%,respectively,across all sites.More fertilizer was needed in NCC and the northern part of the MLYR than in other regions.The average fertilizer requirement was 162,72,and 57 kg ha−1 for N,P2O5,and K2O fertilizers,respectively,across all sites.The incorporation of the spatial variation of attainable yield and fertilizer requirements into wheat production practices would benefit sustainable wheat production and environmental safety. 展开更多
关键词 wheat attainable yield fertilizer requirements nutrient expert system spatial variation
暂未订购 下载PDF
Crowdsourced Requirements Engineering Challenges and Solutions:A Software Industry Perspective 认领 引用 被引量：7
16
作者 Huma Hayat Khan Muhammad Noman Malik +2 位作者 Youseef Alotaibi Abdulmajeed Alsufyani Saleh Alghamdi 《Computer Systems Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI 2021年第11期221-236,共16页
Software crowdsourcing(SW CS)is an evolving software development paradigm,in which crowds of people are asked to solve various problems through an open call(with the encouragement of prizes for the top solutions).Beca... Software crowdsourcing(SW CS)is an evolving software development paradigm,in which crowds of people are asked to solve various problems through an open call(with the encouragement of prizes for the top solutions).Because of its dynamic nature,SW CS has been progressively accepted and adopted in the software industry.However,issues pertinent to the understanding of requirements among crowds of people and requirements engineers are yet to be clarified and explained.If the requirements are not clear to the development team,it has a significant effect on the quality of the software product.This study aims to identify the potential challenges faced by requirements engineers when conducting the SW–CS based requirements engineering(RE)process.Moreover,solutions to overcome these challenges are also identified.Qualitative data analysis is performed on the interview data collected from software industry professionals.Consequently,20 SW–CS based RE challenges and their subsequent proposed solutions are devised,which are further grouped under seven categories.This study is beneficial for academicians,researchers and practitioners by providing detailed SW–CS based RE challenges and subsequent solutions that could eventually guide them to understand and effectively implement RE in SW CS. 展开更多
关键词 Software crowdsourced requirements engineering software industry software development survey challenges
暂未订购 下载PDF
Estimation of Ecological Water Requirements Based on Habitat Response to Water Level in Huanghe River Delta,China 认领 引用 被引量：8
17
作者 CUI Baoshan HUA Yanyan +3 位作者 WANG Chongfang LIAO Xiaolin TAN Xuejie TAO Wendong 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE 2010年第4期318-329,共12页
In recent years,wetland ecological water requirements (EWRs) have been estimated by using hydrological and functional approaches,but those approaches have not yet been integrated for a whole ecosystem.This paper prese... In recent years,wetland ecological water requirements (EWRs) have been estimated by using hydrological and functional approaches,but those approaches have not yet been integrated for a whole ecosystem.This paper presents a new method for calculating wetland EWRs,which is based on the response of habitats to water level,and determines water level threshold through the functional integrity of habitats.Results show that in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta water levels between 5.0 m and 5.5 m are required to maintain the functional integrity of the wetland at a value higher than 0.7.One of the dominant plants in the delta,Phragmites australis,tolerates water level fluctuation of about ± 0.25 m without the change in wetland functional integrity.The minimum,optimum and maximum EWRs for the Huanghe River Delta are 9.42×106 m3,15.56×106 m3 and 24.12×106 m3 with water levels of 5.0 m,5.2 m and 5.5 m,corresponding to functional integrity indices of 0.70,0.84 and 0.72,respectively.A wetland restoration program has been performed,which aims to meet these EWRs in attempt to recover from losses of up to 98% in the delta's former wetland area. 展开更多
关键词 water level-habitat response functional integrity ecological water requirements wetland Huanghe River Delta
暂未订购 下载PDF
Calculation of instream ecological water requirements under runoff variation conditions:Taking Xitiaoxi River in Taihu Lake Basin as an example 认领 引用 被引量：4
18
作者 WANG Qin WANG Shuwen +3 位作者 HU Qingfang WANG Yintang LIU Yong LI Lingjie 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第8期1140-1158,共19页
Climate change and human activity can cause remarkable hydrological variation.Traits of hydrological series such as runoff before and after the change points could be significantly different,so the calculation of inst... Climate change and human activity can cause remarkable hydrological variation.Traits of hydrological series such as runoff before and after the change points could be significantly different,so the calculation of instream ecological water requirements(EWRs)is confronted with more challenges.Taking the Xitiaoxi River(XTXR)in the upper reach of the Taihu Lake Basin as an example,this paper investigates the calculation of EWRs using the range of variability approach(RVA)under changing environment.The change point diagnosis of the natural and observed runoff series are conducted for XTXR.Then,differences in the hydrological alternation indicators and instream EWRs processes obtained from various daily runoff series are compared.It was found that the natural and observed annual runoff series in XTXR from 1957 to 2018 both show significant variations,and the change points are in 2007 and 1999 respectively.If runoff data before the change points or all runoff data are used,the instream EWRs obtained from natural runoff are significantly lower than those obtained from the observed runoff.At the monthly time step,EWRs differences within a year mainly occurred from May to August.Also,calculation results of the instream EWRs are strongly related to the selected period of runoff series.The EWRs obtained using runoff series after the change points have rather acute fluctuation within a year.Therefore,when the RVA method is used under changing environment,the instream EWRs should be prudently determined by comparing different calculation results on the basis of river runoff restoration and variability analysis.To a certain extent,this paper enriches our understanding about the hydrological method for EWRs estimation,and proposes new ideas for future research on EWRs. 展开更多
关键词 runoff variation Taihu Lake Basin Xitiaoxi River ecological water requirements RVA
暂未订购 下载PDF
Estimation of irrigation requirements for drip-irrigated maize in a sub-humid climate 认领 引用 被引量：3
19
作者 LIU Yang YANG Hai-shun +2 位作者 LI Jiu-sheng LI Yan-feng YAN Hai-jun 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第3期677-692,共16页
Drip-irrigation is increasingly applied in maize （Zea mays L.） production in sub-humid region. It is cdtical to quantify irrigation requirements during different growth stages under diverse climatic conditions. In t... Drip-irrigation is increasingly applied in maize （Zea mays L.） production in sub-humid region. It is cdtical to quantify irrigation requirements during different growth stages under diverse climatic conditions. In this study, the Hybrid-Maize model was calibrated and applied in a sub-humid Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China to estimate irrigation requirements for drip- irrigated maize during different crop physiological development stages and under diverse agro-climatic conditions. Using dimensionless scales, the whole growing season of maize was divided into diverse development stages from planting to maturity. Drip-irrigation dates and irrigation amounts in each irrigation event were simulated and summarized in 30-year simulation from 1981 to 2010. The maize harvest area of Heilongjiang Province was divided into 10 agro-climatic zones based on growing degree days, arid index, and temperature seasonality. The simulated results indicated that seasonal irrigation requirements and water stress during different growth stages were highly related to initial soil water content and distribution of seasonal precipitation. In the experimental site, the average irrigation amounts and times ranged from 48 to 150 mm with initial soil water content decreasing from 100 to 20% of the maximum soil available water. Additionally, the earliest drip-irrigation event might occur during 3- to 8-leaf stage. The water stress could occur at any growth stages of maize, even in wet years with abundant total seasonal rainfall but poor distribution. And over 50% of grain yield loss could be caused by extended water stress during the kernel setting window and grain filling period. It is estimated that more than 94% of the maize harvested area in Heilongjiang Province needs to be irrigated although the yield increase varied （0 to 109%） in diverse agro-climatic zones. Consequently, at least 14% of more maize production could be achieved through drip-irrigation systems in Heilongjiang Province compared to rainfed conditions. 展开更多
关键词 drip irrigation irrigation requirements maize agro-climatic regionlization crop simulation sub-humid climate
暂未订购 下载PDF
Nutritional requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks: what do we know? 认领 引用 被引量：6
20
作者 Ahmed Mohamed Fouad Dong Ruan +3 位作者 Shuang Wang Wei Chen Weiguang Xia Chuntian Zheng 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第1期24-34,共11页
The demand for duck meat, duck eggs, and associated products is increasing each year. Classic and modern selection programs have been applied to enhance the economic traits of ducks to satisfy the requirements of cons... The demand for duck meat, duck eggs, and associated products is increasing each year. Classic and modern selection programs have been applied to enhance the economic traits of ducks to satisfy the requirements of consumers and enhance the incomes of producers. The nutritional requirements of unselected ducks may not be adequate, however, to fulfill the potential productivity performance of modern birds, including both meat-type and egg-type ducks. In particular, an imbalanced diet is associated with low productive performance and signs of nutritional deficiency（if insufficient nutrients are supplied）, as well as with high feed costs and manure problems that reflect flock health and welfare（if excessive nutrients are supplied）. Thus, the main aim of this review is to summarize the results of previous studies that estimated the nutrient requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks in order to evaluate current knowledge and to identify further issues that need to be addressed. In addition,the results obtained in previous studies are compared in order to understand how to lower commercial feed costs,fulfill the genetic potential of selected ducks, protect the environment from pollution, and satisfy the welfare and health needs of ducks. 展开更多
关键词 Ducks Nutritional requirements
暂未订购 下载PDF
已选0条
引用分析
参考文献
引证文献
 统计分析
检索结果
已选文献
上一页 1 2 … 43 下一页 到第 页
在线咨询 使用帮助 返回顶部 意见反馈