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An intra-string distributed and inter-string decentralized control method for hybrid series-parallel microgrids 认领 引用
1
作者 Xiaochao Hou Jiatong He +3 位作者 Changgeng Li Zexiong Wei Kai Sun Yunwei Li 《iEnergy》 EI 2026年第1期30-42,共13页
The hybrid series-parallel microgrid attracts more attention by combining the advantages of both the series-stacked voltage and parallel-expanded capacity.Low-voltage distributed generations(DGs)are connected in serie... The hybrid series-parallel microgrid attracts more attention by combining the advantages of both the series-stacked voltage and parallel-expanded capacity.Low-voltage distributed generations(DGs)are connected in series to form the intra-string,and then multiple strings are interconnected in parallel.For the existing control strategies,both intra-string and inter-string depend on the centralized or distributed control with high communication reliance.It has limited scalability and redundancy under abnormal conditions.Alternatively,in this study,an intra-string distributed and inter-string decentralized control framework is proposed.Within the string,a few DGs close to the AC bus are the leaders to get the string power information and the rest DGs are the followers to acquire the synchronization information through the droop-based distributed consistency.Specifically,the output of the entire string has the active power−angular frequency(ω-P)droop characteristic,and the decentralized control among strings can be autonomously guaranteed.Moreover,the secondary control is designed to realize multi-mode objectives,including on/off-grid mode switching,grid-connected power interactive management,and off-grid voltage quality regulation.As a result,the proposed method has the ability of plug-and-play capabilities,single-point failure redundancy,and seamless mode-switching.Experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed practical solution. 展开更多
关键词 Hybrid series-parallel microgrid Distributed control Decentralized control Power inverter
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Series-parallel Hybrid Vehicle Control Strategy Design and Optimization Using Real-valued Genetic Algorithm 认领 引用 被引量：16
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作者 XIONG Weiwei YIN Chengliang +1 位作者 ZHANG Yong ZHANG Jianlong 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2009年第6期862-868,共7页
Despite the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle inherits the performance advantages from both series and parallel hybrid electric vehicle,few researches about the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle have been ... Despite the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle inherits the performance advantages from both series and parallel hybrid electric vehicle,few researches about the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle have been revealed because of its complex co nstruction and control strategy.In this paper,a series-parallel hybrid electric bus as well as its control strategy is revealed,and a control parameter optimization approach using the real-valued genetic algorithm is proposed.The optimization objective is to minimize the fuel consumption while sustain the battery state of charge,a tangent penalty function of state of charge(SOC)is embodied in the objective function to recast this multi-objective nonlinear optimization problem as a single linear optimization problem.For this strategy,the vehicle operating mode is switched based on the vehicle speed,and an"optimal line"typed strategy is designed for the parallel control.The optimization parameters include the speed threshold for mode switching,the highest state of charge allowed,the lowest state of charge allowed and the scale factor of the engine optimal torque to the engine maximum torque at a rotational speed.They are optimized through numerical experiments based on real-value genes,arithmetic crossover and mutation operators.The hybrid bus has been evaluated at the Chinese Transit Bus City Driving Cycle via road test,in which a control area network-based monitor system was used to trace the driving schedule.The test result shows that this approach is feasible for the control parameter optimization.This approach can be applied to not only the novel construction presented in this paper,but also other types of hybrid electric vehicles. 展开更多
关键词 series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle control strategy design optimization real-valued genetic algorithm
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Configuration design,energy management and experimental validation of a novel series-parallel hybrid electric transit bus 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 Wei-wei XIONG Yong ZHANG Cheng-liang YIN 《Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A》 SCIE EI CAS 2009年第9期1269-1276,共8页
This paper aims to present the configuration design approach and the energy management strategy （EMS） of a series-parallel hybrid electric transit bus （SPHEB） jointly developed by Shanghai Automotive Industry Co. ... This paper aims to present the configuration design approach and the energy management strategy （EMS） of a series-parallel hybrid electric transit bus （SPHEB） jointly developed by Shanghai Automotive Industry Co. Ltd. （SAIC） and Shanghai Jiao Tong University （SJTU）, China. A major feature of this SPHEB is that a novel manual transmission is designed to switch the powertrain configuration between series and parallel types. To reduce the fuel consumption as well as sustain the battery state of charge, an EMS including seven energy flow modes is designed and applied to this SPHEB. Governed by this EMS, the engine is maintained to operate in high efficiency regions. The experimental test carded on the transit bus city driving cycle is described and analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate the technical feasibility and fuel economy of this approach. 展开更多
关键词 Series-parallel hybrid bus Powertrain configuration Energy management Experimental validation
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Operation control strategy of series-parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicle 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 赵立军 Ge Zhuhong +1 位作者 Luo Manning Liu Xinhui 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2014年第1期97-102,共6页
A series-parallel hydraulic hybrid system applied to public buses is put torwaro, ano parameters of key components are analyzed and determined. Energy management strategy based on logic thresh- old is designed which i... A series-parallel hydraulic hybrid system applied to public buses is put torwaro, ano parameters of key components are analyzed and determined. Energy management strategy based on logic thresh- old is designed which is aimed at efficient operation of the overall system considering the operational characteristic of the components and taking the curves of engine, hydraulic pump/motor and hydrau- lic pump as the main design basis; regenerative control strategy which makes regenerative brake sys- tem and frictional brake system work harmoniously is designed to raise recovery rate of regenerative brake energy. System dynamic modeling and simulation results show that the energy control strategy designed here is able to adapt system to changes of working condition and switch the operating mode reasonably. The regenerative braking control strategy is effective in raising the utilization of energy and improving fuel economy. 展开更多
关键词 series-parallel configuration hydraulic hybrid vehicles vehicles for public trans-port operation control strategy regenerative brake
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Existence and Uniqueness of the Dynamic Solution of a Series-Parallel Repairable System Consisting of Three-Unit with Multiple Vacations of a Repairman 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Abdukerim Haji Tursunjan Keyim Bilikiz Yunus 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2016年第8期1585-1591,共7页
We investigate a series-parallel repairable system consisting of three-unit with multiple vacations of a repairman. By using C0-semigroup theory of linear operators in the functional analysis, we prove that the system... We investigate a series-parallel repairable system consisting of three-unit with multiple vacations of a repairman. By using C0-semigroup theory of linear operators in the functional analysis, we prove that the system is well-posed and has a unique positive dynamic solution. 展开更多
关键词 Series-Parallel Repairable System C_0-Semigroup Dynamic Solution
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Design and Strategy of Series-Parallel Hybrid System Based on BSFC 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Huien Gao Liang Chu +1 位作者 Jianhua Guo Dianbo Zhang 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2018年第4期564-574,共11页
In this paper,a drive control strategy is developed based on the characteristics of series-parallel plug-in hybrid system.Energy management strategies in various modes are established with the basis on the minimum bra... In this paper,a drive control strategy is developed based on the characteristics of series-parallel plug-in hybrid system.Energy management strategies in various modes are established with the basis on the minimum brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC)curve of engine.The control strategy,which is based on rules and system efficiency,is adopted to determine the entry/exit mechanisms of various modes according to battery state of charge(SOC),required power and required speed.The vehicle test results verify that the proposed control strategy can improve vehicle economy efficiently and makes a good effect on engine control. 展开更多
关键词 series-parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV) based on rules based on system efficiency
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Halin图和Series-Parallel图的星荫度 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 吴建良 贠军亮 张咏梅 《山东科技大学学报（自然科学版）》 CAS 2000年第4期22-24,共3页
证明了：(1)所有Halin图的星荫度为3，和(2)所有SeriesParallel图的星荫度小于等于3.
关键词 Halin图 Series-parallel图 星荫度 染色 星染色
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Load Dependent Series-Parallel Systems with Common Bus Performance Sharing Mechanism 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 肖辉 彭锐 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2014年第6期770-773,共4页
A series-parallel system was proposed with common bus performance sharing in which the performance and failure rate of the element depended on the load it was carrying. In such a system,the surplus performance of a su... A series-parallel system was proposed with common bus performance sharing in which the performance and failure rate of the element depended on the load it was carrying. In such a system,the surplus performance of a sub-system can be transmitted to other deficient sub-systems. The transmission capacity of the common bus performance sharing mechanism is a random variable. Effects of load on element performance and failure rate were considered in this paper. A reliability evaluation algorithm based on the universal generating function technique was suggested. Numerical experiments were conducted to illustrate the algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 multi-state reliability series-parallel system load dependent failure rate common bus performance sharing
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Series-Parallel图上最小权顶点覆盖3-路问题的有效算法 认领 引用
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作者 张文杰 涂建华 《北京化工大学学报（自然科学版）》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第1期124-128,共5页
研究了Series-Parallel图上的顶点覆盖3-路问题,利用动态规划思想,给出一个能在多项式时间内完成的有效算法,该算法的运行时间为O(|V|)。
关键词 Series-Parallel图 顶点覆盖k-路问题 有效算法 动态规划
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Series-parallel图的△-SP算法的实现 认领 引用
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作者 窦明晖 李玲青 黄竞伟 《计算机工程》 EI CAS 北大核心 2002年第3期92-93,共2页
讨论了图和它的二叉分解树,对图的△画法进行了详细的描述,给出了该算法的实现过程,并且对图的分解series-parallelS-P-SPS-P树建树算法进行了改进。最后,通过一个具体实例演示了该画法的结果。
关键词 Series-parallel图 二叉分解树 Δ-SP画法 Δ-SP算法 数据结构
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Reliability of a Large Series-parallel System in Variable Operating Conditions 认领 引用
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作者 Joanna Soszynska 《International Journal of Automation and computing》 2006年第2期199-206,共8页
In this paper, a semi-Markov model of system operation processes is proposed and its selected parameters are determined. A series-parallel multi-state system is considered, and its reliability and risk characteristics... In this paper, a semi-Markov model of system operation processes is proposed and its selected parameters are determined. A series-parallel multi-state system is considered, and its reliability and risk characteristics found. Subsequently, a joint model of system operation process and system multi-state reliability and risk is constructed. Moreover, the asymptotic approach to reliability and risk evaluation of a multi-state series-parallel system in its operation process is applied to a port grain transportation system. 展开更多
关键词 Series-parallel system limit reliability function semi-Markov processes.
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Asymptotic Stability of a Series-Parallel Repairable System Consisting of Three-Unit with Multiple Vacations of a Repairman 认领 引用
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作者 Tursunjan Keyim Abdukerim Haji 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2017年第1期185-193,共9页
We study a series-parallel repairable system consisting of three units with multiple vacations of a repairman. We first show that all points on the imaginary axis except zero belong to the resolvent set of the operato... We study a series-parallel repairable system consisting of three units with multiple vacations of a repairman. We first show that all points on the imaginary axis except zero belong to the resolvent set of the operator and zero is an eigenvalue of the operator, and then we prove that the semigroup generated by the operator is irreducible. By combining these results with our previous result we deduce that the dynamic solution of the system converges strongly to its steady-state solution. Thus we obtain asymptotic stability of the dynamic solution of the system. 展开更多
关键词 Series-Parallel Repairable System C0-Semigroup Irreducibility Asymptotic Stability
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Series-Parallel图的全选择数与全色数 认领 引用
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作者 李涛 《河南大学学报（自然科学版）》 CAS 2001年第4期37-40,共4页
对 2_连通Series_Parallel图G ,证明了当Δ(G) 4时 ,其全选择数等于Δ(G) +1;在Δ(G) 3时 ,其全色数等于Δ(G) +1;对Δ(G)≠ 3时 ,其边选择数等于其边色数 (即列表染色猜想 ) .由于外平面图是特殊的Series_Parallel图 。
关键词 Series-Parallel图 平面图 全染色 全选择数 全色数
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Reliability Optimization of Entropy Based Series-Parallel System Using Global Criterion Method 认领 引用
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作者 G. S. MAHAPATRA 《Intelligent Information Management》 2009年第3期145-149,共5页
In this paper, we have considered a series-parallel system to find out optimum system reliability with an additional entropy objective function. Maximum system reliability of series-parallel system is depending on pro... In this paper, we have considered a series-parallel system to find out optimum system reliability with an additional entropy objective function. Maximum system reliability of series-parallel system is depending on proper allocation of redundancy component in different stage. The goal of entropy based reliability redundancy allocation problem is to find optimal number of redundancy component in each stage such a manner that maximize the system reliability subject to available total system cost. Global criterion method is used to analyze entropy based reliability optimization problem with different weight function of objective functions. Numerical examples have been provided to illustrate the model. 展开更多
关键词 reliability series-parallel system redundancy entropy global criterion method
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Optimal Redundancy Allocation in Hierarchical Series-Parallel Systems Using Mixed Integer Programming 认领 引用
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作者 Mohsen Ziaee 《Applied Mathematics》 2013年第1期79-83,共5页
Reliability optimization plays an important role in design, operation and management of the industrial systems. System reliability can be easily enhanced by improving the reliability of unreliable components and/or by... Reliability optimization plays an important role in design, operation and management of the industrial systems. System reliability can be easily enhanced by improving the reliability of unreliable components and/or by using redundant configuration with subsystems/components in parallel. Redundancy Allocation Problem (RAP) was studied in this research. A mixed integer programming model was proposed to solve the problem, which considers simultaneously two objectives under several resource constraints. The model is only for the hierarchical series-parallel systems in which the elements of any subset of subsystems or components are connected in series or parallel and constitute a larger subsystem or total system. At the end of the study, the performance of the proposed approach was evaluated by a numerical example. 展开更多
关键词 Hierarchical Series-Parallel System Optimal Redundancy Allocation Mixed Integer Programming Formulation Reliability Optimization
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Research on Power-on Upshifting Control Strategy and Shifting Impact Suppression Method of Two-Speed Series-Parallel Hybrid Transmission 认领 引用
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作者 Xiangyang Xu Kun Guo +3 位作者 Wei Guo Peng Dong Shuhan Wang Yanfang Liu 《Automotive Innovation》 EI CSCD 2025年第1期169-186,共18页
During the shifting process of hybrid transmission,the motor plays an important role due to its fast response and accurate torque control.However,it also leads to an excessive reliance on the motor,while neglecting th... During the shifting process of hybrid transmission,the motor plays an important role due to its fast response and accurate torque control.However,it also leads to an excessive reliance on the motor,while neglecting the collaborative control of the motor and clutch.Therefore,there is still room for further improvement in the shifting quality of the hybrid system.In addition,the changing motor torque can easily cause a certain shifting impact at the moment of the clutch state transition,especially for the transition from sliding state to engaged state.In the meanwhile,due to the presence of multiple power sources,the influence of acceleration on the shifting process cannot be ignored.For these problems,this paper proposes a power-on upshifting control strategy for a two-speed series-parallel hybrid transmission,and the root cause of the shifting impact when the clutch slip is eliminated is analyzed.On this basis,a motor torque control method is proposed that is easily to be implemented in engineering,that is,when the target slip is reduced to the threshold Δω1,set the motor proportionalintegral(PI)controller output to zero to ensure that the motor output torque can be changed to zero when the clutch slip is eliminated so that the shifting impact here can be suppressed.Then the factors that affect the value setting of Δω1 are analyzed based on the dynamics model and verified by simulation and hardware-in-loop(HIL)test based on the control variable method.In addition,the influence of acceleration on the shifting process is analyzed,and corresponding control strategies are proposed to improve the shifting quality.Finally,the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle(WLTC)test is conducted on the vehicle model to compare the shifting control effects under different working conditions,which can verify the proposed effectiveness of the control strategy. 展开更多
关键词 Two-speed series-parallel hybrid transmission Power-on upshifting control Motor torque control Shifting impact Vehicle acceleration
Self-adaptive Action and Parameter Optimization of DC Series-parallel Power Flow Controller for Fault Current Limiting in Bipolar DC Distribution Systems 认领 引用
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作者 Yangtao Liu Jianquan Liao +4 位作者 Chunsheng Guo Zipeng Tan Qianggang Wang Yuhong Wang Niancheng Zhou 《Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第2期732-746,共15页
DC series-parallel power flow controller(SP-PFC)is a highly efficient device to solve the problem of uncontrolled line current in the bipolar DC distribution system.However,its potential in fault current limiting is n... DC series-parallel power flow controller(SP-PFC)is a highly efficient device to solve the problem of uncontrolled line current in the bipolar DC distribution system.However,its potential in fault current limiting is not fully explored.In this paper,a self-adaptive action strategy(SAAS)and a parameter optimization method of SP-PFC in bipolar DC distribution systems are proposed.Firstly,the common-and different-mode(CDM)equivalent circuits of the bipolar DC distribution system with SP-PFC in different fault stages are established,which avoids the line coupling inductance.Based on this,the influence of different parameters and line coupling inductance on the fault current limiting capability are investigated.It is found that the SP-PFC has the best fault current limiting capability when the capacitance and inductance of filter are inversely proportional.To realize the adaptability of fault current limiting capability under different fault severities,the SAAS of SP-PFC is proposed.The validity of the CDM equivalent circuits and parameter optimization method,and the effectiveness of the SAAS are verified by simulations and experiments. 展开更多
关键词 DC distribution system series-parallel power flow controller(SP-PFC) line coupling inductance parameter optimization fault current limiting
Thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery systems with hybrid electrical connections:Propagation induced by spontaneous overcharge without heat transfer 认领 引用
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作者 Zhizuan Zhou Maoyu Li +2 位作者 Lun Li Ping Zhang Lizhong Yang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第4期832-846,I0020,共15页
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are inevitably connected in parallel and in series to satisfy the high-voltage and high-power requirements of practical applications.However,most efforts focus on thermal runaway(TR)in the b... Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are inevitably connected in parallel and in series to satisfy the high-voltage and high-power requirements of practical applications.However,most efforts focus on thermal runaway(TR)in the batteries adopting open-circuit or single electrical connection configurations,neglecting the potential influence of hybrid electrical connections.This oversight contributes to the discrepancies between TR disasters observed at the experimental scale and those occurring in real-world scenarios.To address the issue,this study systematically investigates the TR characteristics of battery modules with different hybrid connections(open circuit,1S3P,2S3P,3S3P,and 4S3P)and elucidates the mechanisms of TR propagation in the absence of heat transfer.The results show that the initial TR in 1S3P and 2S3P battery modules can be advanced to the opening of safety valve owing to the transferred electric energy between parallel submodules.In contrast to conventional thoughts,without the involvement of heat transfer,TR propagation may still occur in battery systems with series-parallel connections.Although the heat transfer is completely blocked,the adjacent battery connected in series with the TR battery in 2S3P module still suffers from TR owing to the spontaneous overcharge,and batteries in 3S3P and 4S3P battery modules all experience severe side reactions accompanied by significant expansions.Moreover,spontaneous overcharge is driven by voltage imbalances between parallel submodules in series-parallel battery systems,driving charge transfer that results in overcharging of adjacent batteries.The severity of this effect is governed by the voltage increment between neighboring batteries,while its influence weakens as the number of series-connected batteries increases.Overall,this study reveals an additional pathway,electricity transfer,that can also result in TR disasters in practical battery systems,providing novel insights for TR disaster mechanisms and guides for safe battery system design. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium-ion battery safety Thermal runaway Series-parallel connection Spontaneous overcharge Thermal runaway propagation
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Powertrain design and energy management of a novel coaxial series-parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 认领 引用 被引量：7
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作者 ZHANG LiPeng QI BingNan +2 位作者 ZHANG RunSheng LIU JingChao WANG LiQiang 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第4期618-630,共13页
For a series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,higher working efficiency can be achieved by the drive system with two small motors in parallel than that with one big motor alone.However,the overly complex structure will... For a series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,higher working efficiency can be achieved by the drive system with two small motors in parallel than that with one big motor alone.However,the overly complex structure will inevitably lead to a substantial increase in the development cost.To improve the system price-performance ratio,a new kind of series-parallel hybrid system evolved from the series plug-in hybrid system is designed.According to the technical parameters of the selected components,the system model is established,and the vehicle dynamic property and pure electric drive economy are evaluated.Based on the dynamic programming,the energy management strategy for the drive system under the city driving cycle is developed,and the superiority validation of the system is completed.For the studied vehicle driven by the designed series-parallel plug-in hybrid system,compared with the one driven by the described series plug-in hybrid system,the dynamic property is significantly improved because of the multi-power coupling,and the fuel consumption is reduced by 11.4%with 10 city driving cycles.In a word,with the flexible configuration of the designed hybrid system and the optimized control strategy of the energy management,the vehicle performance can be obviously improved. 展开更多
关键词 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle series-parallel hybrid system multi-power coupling dynamic programming energymanagement
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Multi-objective parameter optimization for a single-shaft series-parallel plug-in hybrid electric bus using genetic algorithm 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 CHEN Zheng ZHOU LiYan +2 位作者 SUN Yong MA ZiLin HAN ZongQi 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第8期1176-1185,共10页
Recently, the single-shaft series-parallel powertrain of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus （PHEB） has become one of the most popu- lar powertrains due to its alterable operating modes, excellent fuel economy and strong ad... Recently, the single-shaft series-parallel powertrain of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus （PHEB） has become one of the most popu- lar powertrains due to its alterable operating modes, excellent fuel economy and strong adaptability for driving cycles. Never- theless, for configuring the PHEB with single-shaft series-parallel powertrain in the development stage, it still faces greater challenge than other configurations when choosing and matching the main component parameters. Motivated by this issue, a comprehensive multi-objectives optimization strategy based on Genetic Algorithm （GA） is developed for the PHEB with the typical powertrain. First, considering repeatability and regularity of bus route, the methods of off-line data processing and mathematical statistics are adopted, to obtain a representative driving cycle, which could well reflect the general characteristic of the real-world bus route. Then, the economical optimization objective is defined, which is consist of manufacturing costs of the key components and energy consumption, and combined with the dynamical optimization objective, a multi-objective op- timization function is put forward. Meanwhile, GA algorithm is used to optimize the parameters, for the optimal components combination of the novel series-parallel powertrain. Finally, a comparison with the prototype is carried out to verify the per- formance of the optimized powertrain along driving cycles. Simulation results indicate that the parameters of powertrain com- ponents obtained by the proposed comprehensive multi-objectives optimization strategy might get better fuel economy, meanwhile ensure the dynamic performance of PHEB. In contrast to the original, the costs declined by 18%. Hence, the strat- egy would provide a theoretical guidance on parameter selection for PHEB manufacturers. 展开更多
关键词 multi-objective parameter optimization single-shaft series-parallel powertrain plug-in hybrid electric bus （PHEB） genetic algorithm （GA） driving cycle city bus route
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