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Centromere architecture and sex chromosome evolution in garden asparagus revealed by a gap-free haplotype-resolved genome 认领 引用
1
作者 Ke-Li Jia Yi Wang +8 位作者 Xia Li Rui-Yan Song Chun-Xia Yang Hao-Han Ning Yan-Cun Bao Yu-Lan Zhang Lu-Xian Liu Wu-Jun Gao Shu-Fen Li 《Journal of Genetics and Genomics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第7期1340-1343,共4页
Garden asparagus(Asparagus officinalis,2n=2x=20)is a globally important vegetable crop renowned for its nutritional and economic value.It exhibits clear sexual dimorphism,with male and female individuals differentiate... Garden asparagus(Asparagus officinalis,2n=2x=20)is a globally important vegetable crop renowned for its nutritional and economic value.It exhibits clear sexual dimorphism,with male and female individuals differentiated under a genetically defined XY system.The coexistence of dioecious and hermaphroditic species within the genus Asparagus makes it an excellent model for studying the origin and diversification of sex chromosomes(Bentz et al.,2024). 展开更多
关键词 centromere architecture sexual dimorphismwith sex chromosome evolution male female individuals dioecious garden asparagus haplotype resolved genome genetically defined xy systemthe
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Cell-autonomous determination of sex dimorphism in neuromodulation of a gynandromorphic Zebra Finch 认领 引用
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作者 Yangyang Cao Zhiwen Huang +5 位作者 Wenxiang Hu Yutao Zhang Kun Zhang Jiachun Zuo Yan Zou Wei Meng 《Avian Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第1期157-171,共15页
Gynandromorphs,rare in vertebrates,exhibit distinct sex-determining gene expression on each side of the body despite sharing a uniform hormonal environment.This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the respect... Gynandromorphs,rare in vertebrates,exhibit distinct sex-determining gene expression on each side of the body despite sharing a uniform hormonal environment.This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the respective roles of genes and hormones in sex determination.We accidently obtained a gynandromorphic Zebra Finch with a male-female chimeric appearance but only with an ovary-like gonad.Its plasma estradiol was significantly higher than that of age-matched females,and its sexual partner preference was also feminine.Although it did not sing like males,its calls showed masculinization.In the brain on one side of the body with male plumage,the area of song motor nucleus,the robust nucleus of the arcopallium(RA),and the excitatory synaptic transmission of RA projection neurons showed masculinization.Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to cholinergic neuron function were significantly upregulated in the masculinized side of brain.Moreover,there were extensive and consistent expression differences of neuroactive substance receptor genes in both sides of body,indicating that cell-autonomous determination plays a key role in sex dimorphism of neuromodulation. 展开更多
关键词 Avian Cell-autonomous determination Gynandromorph Neuromodulation Sex dimorphism Sex hormone Synaptic transmission Zebra Finch
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Sex ratio variation in populations of three submerged dioecious macrophytes of Vallisneria 认领 引用
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作者 Yu Liang Yin Zhou +4 位作者 Peng Nan Yuguo Wang Wenju Zhang Ji Yang Zhiping Song 《Journal of Systematics and Evolution》 SCIE CSCD 2026年第2期203-212,共10页
Sex ratio plays a critical role in population survival.Dioecious plants may simultaneously display sexual dimorphism and deviations from the equilibrium expectation of 1:1 sex ratio in populations,that is,biased sex r... Sex ratio plays a critical role in population survival.Dioecious plants may simultaneously display sexual dimorphism and deviations from the equilibrium expectation of 1:1 sex ratio in populations,that is,biased sex ratio.However,whether biased sex ratios can be attributed to sexual dimorphism has not been well investigated.Here,we conducted experiments using a three-water-depth gradient to examine sexual dimorphism performance and population sex ratios for Vallisneria natans,and investigated the variations in natural population sex ratios for it and two other congeners V.spinulosa and V.denseserrulata along water depth changes.Females of V.natans had higher reproductive investment than males,and the degree of sexual dimorphism increased with increasing water depth.At greater water depths,increased reproductive expenditure led to higher mortality in females,resulting in a male-biased sex ratio.The sex ratios of natural V.natans and V.spinulosa populations did not significantly deviate from 1:1.In contrast,populations of V.denseserrulata exhibited markedly a female-biased sex ratio,which may be attributed to female plants producing more clonal ramets.Furthermore,no evidence was found for variation in sex ratios along water depth gradients in natural populations of any of the three species.These findings highlight the plasticity both of sexual dimorphism and sex ratios in dioecious plants,indicating that sex ratios are species-specific and depend on sex-specific life-history strategy shaped by their growth environments. 展开更多
关键词 life-history strategy sex ratio sexual dimorphism submerged macrophyte Vallisneria
Sex-specific adaptive immune responses in spinal cord injury:Observations across species 认领 引用
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作者 Reena Kumari John C.Gensel 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第8期3535-3536,共2页
Biological sex is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor in evaluating the translational value of preclinical spinal cord injury(SCI)studies.The rising incidence of SCI in females challenges the historical preced... Biological sex is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor in evaluating the translational value of preclinical spinal cord injury(SCI)studies.The rising incidence of SCI in females challenges the historical precedent of SCI being a male-dominated condition.In contrast,most basic science researchers utilize single-sex studies to minimize complications associated with bladder care in males(Stewart et al.,2020).The findings of our recent publication identify sexually dimorphic immune responses to SCI in both mice and pigs(Kumari et al.,2025).Here,we will highlight these findings and discuss the impact of sex on SCI inflammation and recovery. 展开更多
关键词 spinal cord injury adaptive immune responses pigs biological sex inflammation sex specific mice spinal cord
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Refiningg Osteoarthritis Risk Prediction:Average Sagittal Abdominal Diameter Complements and Enhances Body Mass Index With Sex-Specific Insights From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 认领 引用
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作者 Yuwei Zhang Xiaoshuai Wang +10 位作者 Hu Zhu Haowei Chen Zhaohua Zhu Liangbin Zhou Michael Tim Yun Ong Dongquan Shi Xin Zhang David JHunter Changhai Ding Rocky S.Tuan Zhong Alan Li 《Health Care Science》 CSCD 2026年第2期128-140,共13页
Background:Osteoarthritis(OA),the most prevalent joint disease and a leading cause of disability globally,has its disease burden inadequately captured by body mass index(BMI).As the sole quantified risk factor in curr... Background:Osteoarthritis(OA),the most prevalent joint disease and a leading cause of disability globally,has its disease burden inadequately captured by body mass index(BMI).As the sole quantified risk factor in current Global Burden of Disease estimates,BMI accounted for only 20%of OA burden.A critical limitation of BMI is its inability to distinguish fat distribution patterns,particularly abdominal adiposity,which is increasingly recognized as a key driver of metabolic and musculoskeletal pathologies.Herein,we hypothesize that anthropometric indicators reflecting central adiposity,such as average sagittal abdominal diameter(ASAD),may outperform BMI in predicting OA risk,especially when considering sex and age differences.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed 27,791 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants(1999-2023)with complete OA diagnosis,anthropometric,and metabolic data.Participants were stratified by sex and age(40-year cutoff).Multivariable logistic regression,adjusted for confounders,estimated predictor-OA associations via stan-dardized odds ratios(sORs),and these associations were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC).Data were split into training(70%)and validation(30%)sets,with DeLong's test comparing different predictors against BMI.Results:In the overall population,ASAD showed a stronger association with OA(sOR=1.483)than BMI(sOR=1.436),with comparable validation AUROC(ASAD:0.857;BMI:0.854).Sex-stratified analysis revealed that BMI was the optimal predictor for males(sOR=1.466;validation AUROC=0.844),while ASAD outperformed BMI in females(sOR=1.486 vs.1.450;validation AUROC=O.865 vs.0.863).Further age stratification revealed that in males under 40,both BMI(sOR=1.26l;validation AUROC=0.750)and ASAD(sOR=1.194;validation AUROC=0.889)were the strongest predictors,and that ASAD(sOR=1.490;validation AUROC=0.769)and BMI(sOR=1.482;validation AUROC=0.736)remained strong for males aged 40 and above.In age-stratified analyses of females,ASAD showed the strongest consistent association with OA risk,both in participants under 40(sOR=1.472;validation AUROC=0.801)and those aged 40 and above(sOR=1.421;validation AUROC=0.764).Conclusions:ASAD emerges as a superior predictor for females and a competitive population-level complement to BMI.BMI remains an optimal OA predictor for males.Within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey framework,these findings underscore the necessity of integrating abdominal adiposity metrics,particularly ASAD,into OA risk assessment to improve sex-specific prevention strategies. 展开更多
关键词 anthropometric predictor average sagittal abdominal diameter body mass index NHANES osteoarthritis sex differences
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Heterogeneous longitudinal trajectories of sense of coherence and associated characteristics among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men:A cohort study 认领 引用
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作者 Mimi Zhai Yamin Li +2 位作者 Jianhai Long Yunxia Li Xianyang Lei 《International Journal of Nursing Sciences》 CSCD 2026年第4期442-449,I0004,共8页
Objective:This study aimed to identify heterogeneous longitudinal trajectories of sense of coherence(SOC)among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men(MSM)and examine associated characteristics and fact... Objective:This study aimed to identify heterogeneous longitudinal trajectories of sense of coherence(SOC)among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men(MSM)and examine associated characteristics and factors across different trajectories.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted by recruiting newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM from a tertiary hospital and a social work service center in Changsha,China.Follow-up surveys were administered at baseline(T1),3 months(T2),and 6 months(T3).Data were collected on SOC,HIV stigma,perceived stress,depression,internalized homophobia,antiretroviral therapy(ART)adherence,comfort in accessing healthcare services,coping strategies,social support,and sociodemographic and sexual behavior characteristics.A latent class mixed model(LCMM)was fitted in R to identify SOC trajectories.Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine predictors of trajectory class membership,and psychosocial correlates of SOC were analyzed within each trajectory class.Results:A total of 313 participants were included.Overall SOC declined significantly over the 6-month follow-up(F=38.78,P<0.001).LCMM identified four SOC trajectories:Continuously Low(13.10%),Slow Decline(48.24%),Rapid Decline(25.24%),and Active Transition(13.42%).Significant betweentrajectory differences were observed in household registration(P=0.016),educational level(P=0.025),monthly income(P=0.021),age at first sexual activity(H=7.11,P=0.041),and condom use during anal intercourse(P=0.008).Using the Active Transition group as the reference,rural household registration increased the likelihood of belonging to the Slow Decline group(Coef=1.02,P=0.001).A lower educational level increased the likelihood of belonging to the Continuously Low group(Coef=−0.84,P=0.026).Earlier age at first sexual activity(Coef=−0.24,P=0.025)and a greater number of male partners(Coef=0.37,P=0.028)were associated with the Continuously Low group.Across trajectories,HIV stigma,perceived stress,and depression were negatively associated with SOC,with perceived stress showing a relatively stronger negative association.Social support was positively associated with SOC in the Continuously Low group(Coef=0.78,P=0.013).In the Slow Decline group,ART adherence(Coef=0.76,P<0.001)and comfort in accessing healthcare services(Coef=0.88,P<0.001)were positively associated with SOC.Conclusion:SOC among newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM declined significantly during the early postdiagnosis period and exhibited marked trajectory heterogeneity.Early trajectory-stratified interventions are warranted,particularly for the Continuously Low and Rapid Decline groups,to help sustain psychological resources and improve health outcomes. 展开更多
关键词 Human immunodeficiency virus Latent class mixed model Men who have sex with men Nursing Prospective cohort study Sense of coherence
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Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form(CRF161_0107)from CRF01_AE-C5 lineage among men who have sex with men in southwestern China 认领 引用
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作者 Min Chen Huichao Chen +2 位作者 Yanling Ma Manhong Jia Wenfei Ding 《Virologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第2期470-473,共4页
Dear Editor,The ongoing emergence of circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)of HIV-1 was recently reported among men who have sex with men(MSM)in China(Xiao et al.,2025;Xing et al.,2024).HIV-1’s global diversity is class... Dear Editor,The ongoing emergence of circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)of HIV-1 was recently reported among men who have sex with men(MSM)in China(Xiao et al.,2025;Xing et al.,2024).HIV-1’s global diversity is classified into four groups:M(Major,causing the pandemic),O(Outlier),N,and P.Group M,the most prevalent,is subdivided into subtypes(A-D,F-H and J-L).Recombinant viruses formed between subtypes are classified as either stable CRFs spreading in populations or unique recombinant forms(URFs).HIV-1 recombination significantly complicates HIV genetics and has the capacity to directly alter key viral properties. 展开更多
关键词 HIV southwestern China circulating recombinant forms crfs men who sex CRF unique recombinant forms urfs hiv circulating recombinant forms CRF AE C lineage
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Type 2 diabetes,sex and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease 认领 引用
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作者 Amedeo Lonardo Mohamad Jamalinia Ralf Weiskirchen 《World Journal of Diabetes》 SCIE 2026年第5期61-85,共25页
This review examines the role of sex in modulating the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and various components of type 2 diabetes(T2D)pathobiology.Data suggest that w... This review examines the role of sex in modulating the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and various components of type 2 diabetes(T2D)pathobiology.Data suggest that women with prediabetes and diabetes have a greater risk of MASLD compared to men.Furthermore,postmenopausal women with T2D demonstrate a high prevalence of advanced MASLD,and the female sex appears to interact with T2D to enhance the detrimental effects of the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant on adverse liver outcomes.MASLD serves as a risk factor for incident T2D,and the predictive biomarkers for diabetes onset may vary by sex.Additionally,sex may influence the likelihood of diabetic complications,while MASLD appears to more significantly impact the development of coronary artery disease in women.Finally,sex differences in the management of T2D among individuals with MASLD are analyzed. 展开更多
关键词 Steatotic liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Metabolic syndrome Sex Type 2 diabetes
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Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on sex pheromone communication behavior of male Athetis lepigone by upregulating odorant-binding protein 20 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Jian-Qiao Li Xiao-Min Wu +8 位作者 Yu-Meng Zhu Lu Xu Wen-Wen Zhu Xin-Yao Sun Jin-Bu Li Raul Narciso C.Guedes Xiu-Yun Zhu Youssef Dewer Ya-Nan Zhang 《Insect Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第4期1593-1604,共12页
Sex pheromone communication is critical for moth reproduction,relying on olfactory genes such as odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)expressed in the antennae.This study investigates how chlorantraniliprole stress impacts t... Sex pheromone communication is critical for moth reproduction,relying on olfactory genes such as odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)expressed in the antennae.This study investigates how chlorantraniliprole stress impacts the sex pheromone communication behaviors of male Athetis lepigone.We found that chlorantraniliprole inhibited calling and mating behaviors.To uncover the underlying mechanism,we identified AlepOBP20,a gene significantly upregulated under insecticide stress,and characterized its binding affinities with sex pheromones and chlorantraniliprole using a series of in vitro methods.Functional analyses through RNA interference,electrophysiology,and behavioral assays confirmed the pivotal role of AlepOBP20 in male moths responding to sublethal chlorantraniliprole stress.These findings suggest AlepOBP20 may help male moths adapt to chlorantraniliprole stress,offering a scientific basis for developing innovative pest control strategies targeting OBPs. 展开更多
关键词 Athetis lepigone chlorantraniliprole odorant-binding protein sex pheromone
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Sex differences in the global burden of autism spectrum disorders:An analysis based on GBD 2021 data 认领 引用
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作者 LIU Huiqin DING Jinfeng +7 位作者 XU Daxin YUAN Jinqiu NI Zhao LIU Bangshan CHANG Chunwei LIN Jialing JI Binbin QIN Xiwen 《中南大学学报（医学版）》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第2期299-311,共13页
Objective:Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)has become an increasingly serious global public health challenge,with a continuously rising disease burden and marked sex differences.This study aims to evaluate the long-term t... Objective:Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)has become an increasingly serious global public health challenge,with a continuously rising disease burden and marked sex differences.This study aims to evaluate the long-term trends and global distribution patterns of sex differences in the burden of ASD and to project future changes,thereby providing evidence for ASD prevention and management.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 data,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for ASD were extracted for 204 countries and territories.Combined with the sociodemographic index(SDI),the average annual percentage change(AAPC)was used to analyze sex differences in temporal trends and spatial distribution of ASD burden from 1990 to 2021,and to project trends from 2022 to 2050.Results:From 1990 to 2021,the global age-standardized DALY rate(ASDR)for ASD was significantly higher in males than in females,and this pattern is projected to persist through 2050.The absolute difference(AD)in ASDR ranged from 103.5 to 105.3 per 100000,and the relative difference(RD)ranged from 1.0 to 1.1,with the most pronounced sex differences observed in East Asia and high-SDI regions.The male ASDR showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021,whereas the female ASDR is projected to increase after 2021,particularly in Africa.In 2021,global DALYs for ASD peaked among children under 5 years of age(221.9 per 100000 in males and 112.8 per 100000 in females),and the relative difference in DALYs increased with age.The absolute difference in DALYs during adulthood generally declined but increased among young adults and those aged≥70 years,consistent with the pattern observed for relative differences.At the national level,sex differences were positively correlated with SDI and universal health coverage(UHC),and negatively correlated with the gender inequality index(GII)(all P<0.001).Spain,Japan,Singapore,South Korea,and China were identified as outliers to these associations.Conclusion:Sex differences in the burden of ASD persist globally and increase with age.Targeted prevention and control strategies tailored to different sexes and age groups are warranted. 展开更多
关键词 autism spectrum disorder sex differences Global Burden of Disease disability-adjusted life years sociodemographic factors
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Evaluation,Validation,and Application of Sex-Specific Molecular Marker in Kiwifruit(Actinidia spp.) 认领 引用
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作者 Hui Zhang Yingchun He +5 位作者 Min Hong Yang Wang Mingzhang Li Qiguo Zhuang Kui Du Yue Xie 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2026年第2期69-85,共17页
The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked m... The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked molecular markers(SyGI[Shy Girl],FrBy[Friendly Boy],and SmY1)in sex identification was evaluated in various Actinidia species.The selected marker products were subsequently cloned and sequenced in six wild Actinidia species.Ninety-six wild A.chinensis chinensis accessions and 74 A.chinensis deliciosa accessions,most of which were wild,with only one cultivated,were used for comprehensive primer validation.Thirty-three juvenile A.chinensis chinensis hybrid seedlings were used for practical application tests.The results showed that the marker SyGI accurately identified the sex of 20 samples from six Actinidia species and 96 A.chinensis chinensis accessions with 100%reliability.For Actinidia chinensis deliciosa,the identification accuracy reached 98.65%.Sequence analysis revealed that SyGI shared the highest similarity with the male-specific genomic region.Furthermore,SyGI achieved 100%accuracy in identifying the sex of 33 juvenile A.chinensis chinensis individuals.The findings confirm that the SyGI marker possesses high accuracy,strong specificity,and broad applicability,making it a valuable tool for kiwifruit breeding programs.The cloned sequences from wild Actinidia species also provide important references for future research on the mechanisms of sexual evolution and determination. 展开更多
关键词 Actinidia dioecious sex identification SyGI accuracy specificity applicability
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Gene traffic mediated by transposable elements shaped the dynamic evolution of ancient sex chromosomes of varanid lizard 认领 引用
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作者 Zexian Zhu Jason Dobry +2 位作者 Erik Wapstra Qi Zhou Tariq Ezaz 《Journal of Genetics and Genomics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第3期497-509,共13页
Lizards usually exhibit frequent turnovers and a much greater diversity of sex determination mechanisms compared to birds and mammals,with the conserved ZW sex chromosomes of anguimorph lizards originating over 115 mi... Lizards usually exhibit frequent turnovers and a much greater diversity of sex determination mechanisms compared to birds and mammals,with the conserved ZW sex chromosomes of anguimorph lizards originating over 115 million years ago a seeming exception.We previously discovered in an anguimorph lizard Varanus acanthurus(Vac)whose entire chrW,but not chrZ is homologous to part of the chr2 by cytogenetic mapping,suggesting its complex history of sex chromosome evolution yet to be elucidated.To address this,we assemble a chromosome-level genome,and provide evidence that the Vac sex chromosome pair has undergone at least two times of recombination loss,producing a pattern of evolutionary strata like that of birds and mammals.Comparison to other lizard genomes date the stepwise propagation of specific retrotransposon subfamilies enriched near the duplicated gene pairs on the chrW and chr2 to the varanid ancestor.These retrotransposons probably have mediated the recruitment and amplification of autosomal genes on the chrW,including members of a large vomeronasal chemosensory receptor gene family V2R.Our results suggest that the W or Y chromosome as a refugium of repetitive elements,may recurrently recruit short-lived functional genes responsible for sexual dimorphisms during its long-term course of degeneration. 展开更多
关键词 Varanus acanthurus Sex chromosome Retrotransposon Gene traffic V2R gene family
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Sex estimation based on multi-slice computed tomography analysis of the maxilla-frontal sinuses 认领 引用
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作者 Mohamed Bellali Syrine Azza Manoubi +5 位作者 Ghassen Abid Azza Belhaj Najla Mnif Myriam Jrad Mohamed Allouche Mehdi Ben Khelil 《Forensic Sciences Research》 CSCD 2026年第1期81-89,共9页
Radiographic identification is currently making an important contribution to forensic anthropology.Several studies have reported that evaluating the maxillary sinus(MS)and the frontal sinus(FS)can be an effective tech... Radiographic identification is currently making an important contribution to forensic anthropology.Several studies have reported that evaluating the maxillary sinus(MS)and the frontal sinus(FS)can be an effective technique for estimating sex.However,there is a lack of data on these measures for modern inhabitants of North Africa,so population-specific norms must be established.This study aims to analyse the correlation between sex and MS and FS measurements in a contemporary Tunisian population using multi-slice computed tomography(MSCT).The study involves a retrospective data collection of 354 cranial MSCTs from 188 men and 166 women.The ASiRTM software was used to create 28 landmarks and measure 24 distances as well as eight volumes.In this study,15 measurements were proposed for the first time,including seven distances and eight volumes.The data were analysed using univariate analysis and logistic regression to create and validate a discriminant equation.The results showed that males had higher mean values of the MS and FS(P<0.05).A six-variable model was able to accurately predict sex with a sensitivity of 77.9%,a specificity of 75.6%,and an accuracy of 76.8%,with a sex bias of−4%.The MS was a better predictor of sex than the FS(accuracy of 70.1%and 65.5%,respectively).The highest accuracy was associated with the minimum inter-maxillary sinus distance.The findings indicate that MS and FS MSCT measurements are highly dimorphic and can provide an accurate alternative for sex estimation in contemporary North African individuals. 展开更多
关键词 forensic sciences sex estimation computed tomography maxillary sinus frontal sinus
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fmd/fmd2/DHX16-dsx cascade in sex determination of one Hemiptera species,Laodelphax striatellus 认领 引用
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作者 Youyuan Chen Zeping Mao +9 位作者 Yangwei Gao Haiqiang Wang Jinjun Ying Lin Wang Xinghua Wang Shan Xiao Jianghua Chen Junmin Li Chuanxi Zhang Jichong Zhuo 《Insect Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第4期1331-1344,共14页
Although recent investigations have identified a novel regulatory cascade involving female determiner(fmd),female determiner 2(fmd2),and doublesex(dsx)in Hemiptera species,the evolutionary conservation and molecular m... Although recent investigations have identified a novel regulatory cascade involving female determiner(fmd),female determiner 2(fmd2),and doublesex(dsx)in Hemiptera species,the evolutionary conservation and molecular mechanisms governing the fmd/fmd2-dsx pathway remain poorly characterized.The small brown planthopper,Laodelphax striatellus(Hemiptera:Delphacidae),represents an ideal model system for elucidating the evolutionary dynamics of sex determination pathways,as its underlying mechanism remains undefined.Here,we demonstrate that the fmd2 homolog(Lsfmd2)in L.striatellus is functionally involved in sex determination through a specific splicing isoform,LsFMD2315,the protein of which contains a specific carboxylterminal sequence-GTGGGYGGGGKQRGGGRGQRHTPY.Functional characterization in 293T cells revealed that LsFMD2315 interacts with LsFMD-F to regulate femalespecific splicing of Lsdsx.Importantly,we identified DHX16,an ATP-dependent RNA helicase and pre-messenger RNA splicing factor,as a novel binding partner of LsFMD2315.RNA interference-mediated depletion of DHX16 resulted in the ectopic expression of male-specific Lsdsx isoforms in female individuals and induced significant ovipositor malformations.Intriguingly,while LsFMD2315 exhibited simultaneous binding capacity with both LsFMD-F and LsDHX16,no direct interaction was observed between LsDHX16 and LsFMD-F,indicating that LsFMD2315serves as a molecular scaffold in the fmd/fmd2/DHX16-dsx regulatory cascade.These findings provide robust evidence for the evolutionary conservation of the fmd/fmd2-dsx regulatory cascade across Hemiptera species.Moreover,the newly identified component DHXl6 significantly enhances our mechanistic understanding of this non-canonical sex determination pathway. 展开更多
关键词 DHX16 fmd/fmd2-dsx Hemiptera species Laodelphax striatellus sex determination pathway
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High-Frequency Vulnerability and Sex Differences in Age-Related Hearing Loss:A Cross-Sectional Audiometric Analysis of Older Chinese Otolaryngology Outpatients 认领 引用
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作者 Hongyi Hu Xin Huang +2 位作者 Fei Ji Jiatao Zhong Lingchao Ji 《Journal of Otology》 CSCD 2026年第3期191-196,共6页
Objective:To determine the prevalence,severity,and audiometric characteristics of age-related hearing loss(ARHL)in older Chinese adults attending a tertiary otolaryngology clinic,with emphasis on age-and sex-specific ... Objective:To determine the prevalence,severity,and audiometric characteristics of age-related hearing loss(ARHL)in older Chinese adults attending a tertiary otolaryngology clinic,with emphasis on age-and sex-specific patterns based on the updated World Health Organization(WHO 2020)cri-teria.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,1,000 adults aged≥60 years underwent otologic examination,tympanometry,and pure-tone audiometry at a tertiary medical center between March 2022 and January 2023.Individuals with abnormal tympanograms or evidence of middle ear disease were excluded.Pure-tone averages(0.5,1,2,and 4 kHz)from the better ear were used to define and grade ARHL.Age-and sex-related differences in hearing thresholds were assessed using chi-square tests,t-tests,and two-way ANOVA.Results:Within this tertiary-care outpatient cohort,the prevalence of hearing loss according to WHO 2020 criteria was 84.1%,rising from 78.3%in the 60s to 100%in those aged over 90 years.Hearing thresholds showed a consistent high-frequency-sloping configuration,with high-frequency(8,000 Hz)thresholds declining at nearly double the rate of low-to-mid frequencies(11.7 dB vs.4.5-6.3 dB per decade).The steepest decadal deterioration occurred between the 70s and 80s,characterized by a transition from high-frequency sensory loss to generalized cochlear decline.A sex-dependent"crossover"was observed:females exhibited superior hearing in their 60s and 70s but experienced more rapid deterioration in late life,resulting in comparable or poorer thresholds than males by their 80s and 90s.Conclusion:In this tertiary-care outpatient cohort of older Chinese adults,ARHL demonstrated distinct age-and sex-specific trajectories,including disproportionate high-frequency vulnerability and a late-life sex crossover effect.Adoption of WHO 2020 criteria substantially increased hearing-loss identification,particularly among adults in their 60s and 70s. 展开更多
关键词 age-related hearing loss pure-tone audiometry hearing thresholds sex differences
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Female-female Amplexus and Extremely Female-skewed Operational Sex Ratio in the Toad Duttaphrynus cyphosus During Breeding Seasons 认领 引用
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作者 Hongzhou CHEN Jinyu XIA +2 位作者 Tuo LI Buddhi DAYANANDA Wei CHEN 《Asian Herpetological Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第1期45-46,共2页
Dear Editor,Amplexus,a reproductive behavior in which the male clasps the female dorsally,is a characteristic of amphibians(Wells,2007).Most species exhibit either inguinal or axillary amplexus,although some reproduce... Dear Editor,Amplexus,a reproductive behavior in which the male clasps the female dorsally,is a characteristic of amphibians(Wells,2007).Most species exhibit either inguinal or axillary amplexus,although some reproduce without it(Wells,2007).While male-female amplexus is predominant,other forms such as male-male and multiple-male amplexus have also been documented(Soni et al.,2025).Release calls are typically produced by amplexed males to signal mating mismatches and mitigate the costs of inappropriate clasping(Kelehear and Shine,2019).Female-female amplexus,however,is rare and considered maladaptive,as it does not lead to fertilization(Chuang et al.,2019). 展开更多
关键词 amplexed males female female amplexus reproductive behavior signal mating mismatches inguinal axillary amplexusalthough operational sex ratio breeding season Duttaphrynus cyphosus
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Sex as a biological variable in nonclinical studies:Bridging scientific rigor,animal welfare,and regulatory expectations 认领 引用
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作者 Kenta Onuma Masaki Watanabe Nobuya Sasaki 《Animal Models and Experimental Medicine》 CAS CSCD 2026年第4期698-711,共14页
Nonclinical studies in animal models have often treated male animals as the default,based on the assumption that estrous-cycle hormonal variation in females increases variability and complicates interpretation.This co... Nonclinical studies in animal models have often treated male animals as the default,based on the assumption that estrous-cycle hormonal variation in females increases variability and complicates interpretation.This convention is a structural limitation in study design,particularly in therapeutic areas where sex differences in pharmacokinetics(PK),pharmacodynamics(PD),and toxicity are substantial and clinically relevant.Clinical experience shows higher adverse drug reaction rates in women and recurring examples of sex-biased toxicities,underscoring the translational cost of limited sex consideration early in development.Sex differences in nonclinical PK and toxicity arise from defined mechanisms,including sex-dependent growth hormone secretion patterns that shape hepatic and renal enzymeransporter expression,as well as sex-specific determinants of gastrointestinal absorption and cardiac electrophysiology.Omics analyses further show that sex effects are embedded in systemwide molecular networks across immune,metabolic,cardiovascular,renal,and neural systems,supporting a shift from descriptive to predictive and stratified animal study designs.Sex bias is also an animal welfare concern:male-only strategies can generate surpluses of unused females in breeding colonies,challenging the 3Rs—particularly Reduction—when evaluated at the project or facility level.Regulatory expectations are converging through International Council for Harmonization(ICH)principles,the National Institutes of Health(NIH)sex-as-a-biological-variable(SABV)policy,and reporting frameworks such as Sex and Gender Equity in Research(SAGER),with increasing emphasis on transparent sex reporting and analysis across nonclinical evidence streams.This review integrates scientific,welfare,and regulatory perspectives to provide a practical framework for sex-aware nonclinical study design,enhancing translational validity and ethical rigor. 展开更多
关键词 animal welfare nonclinical studies pharmacokinetics regulatory science sex as a biological variable
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Predictive value of triglyceride-glucose index and sex hormone-binding globulin in diabetic retinopathy 认领 引用
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作者 Min Zhang Xin-Rui Zhou +3 位作者 Wei-Guo Ma Xiao-Hong Yin Ya Li Rong Li 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2026年第5期921-926,共6页
AIM:To investigate the levels of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with diabetic retinopathy(DR),and to explore their correlations ... AIM:To investigate the levels of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with diabetic retinopathy(DR),and to explore their correlations with biochemical parameters and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in DR patients.METHODS:Patients with T2DM and healthy individuals were enrolled.Age and body mass index(BMI)of the participants were collected,TyG of the subjects was calculated using the formula,SHBG level of the subjects was detected,and blood biochemical indexes were measured at the same time.The changes of each index among the groups were statistically analyzed,and the relationship between TyG,SHBG,DR and each index was analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 150 patients with T2DM and 64 healthy individuals as normal controls(NC,28 males and 36 females,mean age 54.49±10.10y)were enrolled following ophthalmic evaluation.Patients were categorized into non-DR group(42 males and 36 females,mean age 56.68±8.02y)and DR group(35 males and 37 females,mean age,53.83±11.10y).TyG levels were significantly elevated in both non-DR(7.25±0.62)and DR groups(8.02±0.82)compared to controls(6.85±0.48),with the DR group demonstrating higher TyG values than the non-DR group(P<0.05).The level of SHBG(nmol/L)in DR group(25.05±14.06)was lower than that in control group(41.90±22.6)and non-DR group(36.27±20.00;P<0.05).TyG exhibited significant inverse correlations with SHBG(r=-0.455)and high density lipoprotein(HDL;r=-0.430)levels(P<0.05).It was positively correlated with BMI,fasting blood glucose(FBG),2h postprandial blood glucose(PBG),fasting C-peptide(FCP),glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),HOMA-IR,total cholesterol(TC)and triglycerides(TG)(r=0.406,0.768,0.386,0.393,0.475,0.250,0.242,0.888,respectively,P<0.05).SHBG was negatively correlated with BMI,FBG,FCP,HbA1c and TyG(r=-0.440,-0.304,-0.407,-0.209,-0.455,respectively,P<0.05),and positively correlated with age,TG and HDL(r=0.238,0.034,0.227,respectively,P<0.05).Further multiple regression analysis showed that SHBG was negatively correlated with TyG(P=0.006).CONCLUSION:Elevated TyG index,reduces SHBG levels,and their negative correlation in the DR group suggest potential roles of TyG and SHBG in the pathogenesis and progression of DR.Combined assessment of SHBG and TyG may provide valuable insights for DR prediction and diagnosis. 展开更多
关键词 diabetic retinopathy triglyceride-glucose index sex hormone binding globulin glycated hemoglobin insulin resistance index
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Sex specific effects of irisin on the skeleton 认领 引用
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作者 Anika Shimonty Lynda F.Bonewald 《Bone Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第3期675-687,共13页
Irisin,the circulating protein derived from cleavage of fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5(FNDC5)has attracted considerable attention regarding its positive effects on a number of organsissues such as fa... Irisin,the circulating protein derived from cleavage of fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5(FNDC5)has attracted considerable attention regarding its positive effects on a number of organsissues such as fat,brain,and heart.However,effects on bone can appear to be either positive or negative depending on context and sex.Sex differences have also been described in Alzheimer’s disease also emphasizing sex differences in response to irisin.Here in this review,we outline and focus on the effects of irisin on osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and osteocytes,murine models,and human studies.The consideration of sex effects is necessary especially in the context of irisin serving as a therapeutic. 展开更多
关键词 effects irisin osteoblasts circulating protein sex skeleton cleavage fibronectin type iii domain osteoclasts
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Sex-biased intron retention in Alzheimer’s disease 认领 引用
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作者 Ching-Thong Choo Chin-Tong Ong 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第8期3525-3526,共2页
Higher prevalence of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease in women:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the accumulation of amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and Tau neurofibrillary tangles in t... Higher prevalence of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease in women:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the accumulation of amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and Tau neurofibrillary tangles in the affected brain regions.The clearance of these pathological protein aggregates by microglia can trigger excessive neuroinflammation,which contributes to brain atrophy.AD exhibits clinical heterogeneity and is characterized by highly complex,multifactorial etiology(Lopez-Lee et al.,2024). 展开更多
关键词 alzheimer's disease brain atrophyad tau neurofibrillary tangles progressive neurodegenerative disorder excessive neuroinflammationwhich Alzheimers disease intron retention sex biased
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