Magnesium hydride serves as a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material owing to its high potential.However,its practical applications are constrained by the high enthalpy of hydrogen absorption and slow kinetic...Magnesium hydride serves as a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material owing to its high potential.However,its practical applications are constrained by the high enthalpy of hydrogen absorption and slow kinetics.In this study,we prepared a Ni/Ti3O5@graphene oxide(GO)dual-heterojunction composite material via solvent heating,electrostatic adsorption,and calcination to improve the hydrogen storage capabilities of MgH2.Adding Ni/Ti3O5@GO to MgH2 lowered the initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH2 to 183℃;at a dehydrogenation temperature of 275℃,6.4 wt.%of H2 escaped from the MgH2 bulk.In addition,the hydrogen storage material absorbed 1.8 wt.%H2 at 30℃ for 30 min.The calculated activation energy of dehydrogenation was 48.221±0.141 kJ·mol-1,which was significantly lower than that of the ball-milled MgH2(112.63±1.44 kJ·mol-1).Mechanistic analysis results revealed that the heterojunction constructed from the multiphase compound system provided a large number of active sites and hydrogen diffusion routes,resulting in a synergistic catalytic effect that enhanced the hydrogen storage capacity of MgH2.In this work,we clarified the compositions of fuzzy interfaces in heterostructured materials by conducting ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy tests and identified key composite materials for the formation of heterojunctions.展开更多
Lithium‑sulfur batteries(LSBs)offer high theoretical energy density but suffer rapid capacity fading caused by sluggish sulfur redox kinetics,polysulfide shuttling,and electrode passivation.Here,a thermally activated ...Lithium‑sulfur batteries(LSBs)offer high theoretical energy density but suffer rapid capacity fading caused by sluggish sulfur redox kinetics,polysulfide shuttling,and electrode passivation.Here,a thermally activated V2O5/multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)hybrid composite is engineered as a polar‑conductive host to regulate oxide‑carbon interfacial coordination and sulfur redox behavior via a dual‑encapsulation strategy.Structural analysis using X‑ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement reveals enhanced crystallographic coherence and reduced microstrain,accompanied by modulation of the V‑O coordination environment.Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate controlled evolution of carbon defects and V‑O bonding,while X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates an increased V4+/V5+ratio after thermal activation,indicating modification of surface electronic structure.The hybrid cathode delivers an initial capacity of 1665 mAh g-1at C/20 as well as 1596 mAh g-1at C/10,retaining~770 mAh g-1after 300 cycles at C/10.Symmetric‑cell measurements and Li2S nucleation analysis further support enhanced polysulfide conversion kinetics.Postmortem analysis confirms suppressed polysulfide deposition and preservation of conductive pathways after prolonged cycling.This study establishes a structure‑defect‑interfacial kinetics correlation,demonstrating that controlled thermal modulation of a binary oxide‑carbon framework provides an effective strategy for improving Li‑S battery performance.展开更多
构建准确可靠的热力学数据库对提钒过程优化以及钒酸盐材料的制备具有重要的应用价值和指导意义。采用封闭铂金坩埚,结合X射线衍射(XRD)与差热分析(DTA)技术,证实了K2O-V2O5体系中K3V5O14为稳定存在的化合物,并试验...构建准确可靠的热力学数据库对提钒过程优化以及钒酸盐材料的制备具有重要的应用价值和指导意义。采用封闭铂金坩埚,结合X射线衍射(XRD)与差热分析(DTA)技术,证实了K2O-V2O5体系中K3V5O14为稳定存在的化合物,并试验测定了K2V8O21和KVO3的熔化温度分别为532.4℃和516.5℃。随后采用修正的准化学模型(MQM),引入溶液中第二相邻阳离子短程有序对描述吉布斯自由能的变化。基于CALPHAD框架(CALculation of PHAse Diagram,相图计算),构建了Na2O-K2O-V2O5体系的热力学模型,重现了Na2O-K2O-V2O5体系全组分范围的实验数据和热力学性质,获得了该体系中所有物相一系列自洽的热力学模型参数,最终构建了可靠的热力学数据库。进一步探讨了当前数据库在钒渣钠化焙烧提钒中的应用,明确了含钒物相的迁移规律,确定了最佳的操作温度窗口。展开更多
Zn-based thermal charging devices,utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion,are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices,making th...Zn-based thermal charging devices,utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion,are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices,making them a highly promising technology for low-grade heat recovery and utilization.However,the low output power density and energy conversion efficiency resulted by the slow diffusion kinetics of Zn2+hinder their development.Herein,we present a highperformance thermal charging cell design using Zn2+/NH4+hybrid ion electrolyte,which not only maintains the high output voltage of the Zn-based thermoelectric system,but also significantly enhances the output power density due to the fast diffusion kinetics of NH4+.Based on this strategy,the thermal charging cell displays a high thermopower of 12.5 mV K-1and an excellent normalized power density of 19.6 mW m-2K-2at a temperature difference of 35 K.The Carnot-relative efficiency is as high as 12.74%.Moreover,it can operate continuously for over 72 h when the temperature difference persists,achieving a balance between thermoelectric conversion and output.This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the design of high-performance thermal charging cells for low-grade heat conversion and utilization.展开更多
A titania support with a large surface area was developed, which has a BET surface area of 380.5 m^2/g, four times that of a traditional titania support. The support was ultrasonically impregnated with 5 wt% vanadia. ...A titania support with a large surface area was developed, which has a BET surface area of 380.5 m^2/g, four times that of a traditional titania support. The support was ultrasonically impregnated with 5 wt% vanadia. A special heat treatment was used in the calcination to maintain the large surface area and high dispersion of vanadium species. This catalyst was compared to a common V2O5-TiO2 catalyst with the same vanadia loading prepared by a traditional method. The new catalyst has a surface area of 117.7 m^2/g, which was 38% higher than the traditional V2O5-TiO2 catalyst. The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) performance demonstrated that the new catalyst had a wider temperature window and better N2 selectivity compared to the traditional one. The NO conversion was 80% from 200 to 450 °C. The temperature window was 100 °C wider than the traditional catalyst. Raman spectra indicated that the vanadium species formed more V-O-V linkages on the catalyst prepared by the traditional method. The amount of V-O-Ti and V=O was larger for the new catalyst. Temperature programmed desorption of NH3, temperature programmed reduction by H2 and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that its redox ability and total acidity were enhanced. The results are helpful for developing a more efficient SCR catalyst for the removal of NOx in flue gases.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number U24A2044]Science and Technology Major Program of Guangxi Province[grant number GUIKEAA24206007].
摘要Magnesium hydride serves as a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material owing to its high potential.However,its practical applications are constrained by the high enthalpy of hydrogen absorption and slow kinetics.In this study,we prepared a Ni/Ti3O5@graphene oxide(GO)dual-heterojunction composite material via solvent heating,electrostatic adsorption,and calcination to improve the hydrogen storage capabilities of MgH2.Adding Ni/Ti3O5@GO to MgH2 lowered the initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH2 to 183℃;at a dehydrogenation temperature of 275℃,6.4 wt.%of H2 escaped from the MgH2 bulk.In addition,the hydrogen storage material absorbed 1.8 wt.%H2 at 30℃ for 30 min.The calculated activation energy of dehydrogenation was 48.221±0.141 kJ·mol-1,which was significantly lower than that of the ball-milled MgH2(112.63±1.44 kJ·mol-1).Mechanistic analysis results revealed that the heterojunction constructed from the multiphase compound system provided a large number of active sites and hydrogen diffusion routes,resulting in a synergistic catalytic effect that enhanced the hydrogen storage capacity of MgH2.In this work,we clarified the compositions of fuzzy interfaces in heterostructured materials by conducting ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy tests and identified key composite materials for the formation of heterojunctions.
基金financial support from the U.S.National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research(NASA-EPSCoR),Puerto Rico,under Grant No.80NSSC24M0107the Department of Science and Technology Govt.of Rajasthan,Bharat for R&D Scheme(F24(1)/DST/R&D/2024/EAC/00378/6549873/712)。
摘要Lithium‑sulfur batteries(LSBs)offer high theoretical energy density but suffer rapid capacity fading caused by sluggish sulfur redox kinetics,polysulfide shuttling,and electrode passivation.Here,a thermally activated V2O5/multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)hybrid composite is engineered as a polar‑conductive host to regulate oxide‑carbon interfacial coordination and sulfur redox behavior via a dual‑encapsulation strategy.Structural analysis using X‑ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement reveals enhanced crystallographic coherence and reduced microstrain,accompanied by modulation of the V‑O coordination environment.Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate controlled evolution of carbon defects and V‑O bonding,while X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates an increased V4+/V5+ratio after thermal activation,indicating modification of surface electronic structure.The hybrid cathode delivers an initial capacity of 1665 mAh g-1at C/20 as well as 1596 mAh g-1at C/10,retaining~770 mAh g-1after 300 cycles at C/10.Symmetric‑cell measurements and Li2S nucleation analysis further support enhanced polysulfide conversion kinetics.Postmortem analysis confirms suppressed polysulfide deposition and preservation of conductive pathways after prolonged cycling.This study establishes a structure‑defect‑interfacial kinetics correlation,demonstrating that controlled thermal modulation of a binary oxide‑carbon framework provides an effective strategy for improving Li‑S battery performance.
摘要构建准确可靠的热力学数据库对提钒过程优化以及钒酸盐材料的制备具有重要的应用价值和指导意义。采用封闭铂金坩埚,结合X射线衍射(XRD)与差热分析(DTA)技术,证实了K2O-V2O5体系中K3V5O14为稳定存在的化合物,并试验测定了K2V8O21和KVO3的熔化温度分别为532.4℃和516.5℃。随后采用修正的准化学模型(MQM),引入溶液中第二相邻阳离子短程有序对描述吉布斯自由能的变化。基于CALPHAD框架(CALculation of PHAse Diagram,相图计算),构建了Na2O-K2O-V2O5体系的热力学模型,重现了Na2O-K2O-V2O5体系全组分范围的实验数据和热力学性质,获得了该体系中所有物相一系列自洽的热力学模型参数,最终构建了可靠的热力学数据库。进一步探讨了当前数据库在钒渣钠化焙烧提钒中的应用,明确了含钒物相的迁移规律,确定了最佳的操作温度窗口。
基金supported by the Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(BK20222009-X.Z.,BK20202008-X.Z.)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of NUAA(202410287179Y).
摘要Zn-based thermal charging devices,utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion,are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices,making them a highly promising technology for low-grade heat recovery and utilization.However,the low output power density and energy conversion efficiency resulted by the slow diffusion kinetics of Zn2+hinder their development.Herein,we present a highperformance thermal charging cell design using Zn2+/NH4+hybrid ion electrolyte,which not only maintains the high output voltage of the Zn-based thermoelectric system,but also significantly enhances the output power density due to the fast diffusion kinetics of NH4+.Based on this strategy,the thermal charging cell displays a high thermopower of 12.5 mV K-1and an excellent normalized power density of 19.6 mW m-2K-2at a temperature difference of 35 K.The Carnot-relative efficiency is as high as 12.74%.Moreover,it can operate continuously for over 72 h when the temperature difference persists,achieving a balance between thermoelectric conversion and output.This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the design of high-performance thermal charging cells for low-grade heat conversion and utilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21325731,21221004)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex
摘要A titania support with a large surface area was developed, which has a BET surface area of 380.5 m^2/g, four times that of a traditional titania support. The support was ultrasonically impregnated with 5 wt% vanadia. A special heat treatment was used in the calcination to maintain the large surface area and high dispersion of vanadium species. This catalyst was compared to a common V2O5-TiO2 catalyst with the same vanadia loading prepared by a traditional method. The new catalyst has a surface area of 117.7 m^2/g, which was 38% higher than the traditional V2O5-TiO2 catalyst. The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) performance demonstrated that the new catalyst had a wider temperature window and better N2 selectivity compared to the traditional one. The NO conversion was 80% from 200 to 450 °C. The temperature window was 100 °C wider than the traditional catalyst. Raman spectra indicated that the vanadium species formed more V-O-V linkages on the catalyst prepared by the traditional method. The amount of V-O-Ti and V=O was larger for the new catalyst. Temperature programmed desorption of NH3, temperature programmed reduction by H2 and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that its redox ability and total acidity were enhanced. The results are helpful for developing a more efficient SCR catalyst for the removal of NOx in flue gases.