Four types of submicron Ag-coated Cu particles with different Ag contents were prepared as sintering paste fillers,and the Ag contents of the particles were measured to be 10,20,30,and 40 wt.%.Four types of particles(...Four types of submicron Ag-coated Cu particles with different Ag contents were prepared as sintering paste fillers,and the Ag contents of the particles were measured to be 10,20,30,and 40 wt.%.Four types of particles(in order of increasing Ag content:A10,A20,A30,and A40)were surface-modified with stearic acid,to suppress the Ag shell dewetting and improve sinterability.The surface-modified particles were mixed with a polyol-based solvent to fabricate a resin-free paste.Subsequently,the pastes were screen-printed onto a slide glass and sintered at 250°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1-10 min to form an electrode.The electrical resistivity of the sintered film as a function of sintering time was measured using a four-point probe.All the four surface-modified Cu@Ag particles with different Ag contents exhibited decreased electrical resistivity.Particularly,the largest difference in values after and before the surface modification was observed for A40 with the highest Ag content;the electrical resistivities of the initial and surface-modified particles were 1.51×10-4 and 6.67×10-5Ω·cm,respectively,after sintering for 10 min.The findings of this study confirmed that the surface modification using stearic acid effectively suppressed the dewetting of the Ag shell and improved the sinterability of the submicron Cu@Ag particles.展开更多
In this paper. zirconia is used as top mold material for Ti investment casting. Top mold samples are made by proper mold building technology. The effect of different sintering temperature on chemical composition, micr...In this paper. zirconia is used as top mold material for Ti investment casting. Top mold samples are made by proper mold building technology. The effect of different sintering temperature on chemical composition, microstructure and residual bending strength of the top mold sample is Studied. The volume and homogeneity of the air holes in the top mold are determined by sintering temperature. and finally determined the residual bending strength of the mold sample was determined.展开更多
An intensive study of the particle size distribution of four commercial ultrafine alumina powders to obtain information about the powder agglomeration and relate them to the compactibility and the sinterability has be...An intensive study of the particle size distribution of four commercial ultrafine alumina powders to obtain information about the powder agglomeration and relate them to the compactibility and the sinterability has been made.展开更多
In this paper, a quaternary system of Mn0.43Ni0.9CuFe0.67O4 negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor ceramic prepared by solid/solid reaction was sintered by microwave and conventional method, respectively....In this paper, a quaternary system of Mn0.43Ni0.9CuFe0.67O4 negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor ceramic prepared by solid/solid reaction was sintered by microwave and conventional method, respectively. To characterize the sinterability of the samples, the densification parameter, porosity and grain size distribution of the bulk were determined. The crystal structure, phase compositions, morphology and impedance of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and impedance analysis. The experimental results confirmed that the sinterability and electrical properties of ceramics were homogenously improved by microwave sintering.展开更多
The dependence of the magnetic properties on the particle size of recycled HDDR Nd-Fe-B powders was investigated,with the aim to assess the reprocessing potential of the end-of-life scrap magnets via spark plasma sint...The dependence of the magnetic properties on the particle size of recycled HDDR Nd-Fe-B powders was investigated,with the aim to assess the reprocessing potential of the end-of-life scrap magnets via spark plasma sintering(SPS).The as received recycled HDDR powder has coercivity(Hci)=830 kA/m and particles in the range from 30 to 700 μm(average 220 μm).After burr milling,the average particle size is reduced to 120 μm and subsequently the Hci of fine(milled) powder was 595 kA/m.Spark plasma sintering was exploited to consolidate the nanograined HDDR powders and limit the abnormal grain coarsening.The optimal SPS-ing of coarse HDDR powder at 750℃for 1 min produces fully dense magnets with Hci=950±100 kA/m which further increases to 1200 kA/m via thermal treatment at 750℃for 15 min.The burr milled fine HDDR powder under similar SPS conditions and after thermal treatment results in Hci=940 kA/m.The fine powder is further sieved down from 630 to less than 50 μm mesh size,to evaluate the possible reduction in Hci in relation to the particle size.The gain in oxygen content doubles for 200 μm).The XRD analysis for fractionated powder indicates an increase in Nd2O3 phase peaks in the finer(200 μm) to 460 kA/m in the fine sized particles(200 μm) is higher than 930 kA/m and it falls abruptly to just 70 kA/m for the fine sized particles(1000 kA/m only up to 100 μm sized fractions with>90% sintered density.The full densification(>99%) is observed only in the coarse fractions.The loss of coercivity and lack of sinterability in the fine sized particles(<100 μm) are attributed to a very high oxygen content.This implies that during recycling,if good magnetic properties are to be maintained or even increase the HDDR powder particles can be sized down only up to≥100 μm.展开更多
Comparison between filter pressing and isostatic pressing for submicrometer alumina powder has been systematically made. Obvious improvements in true porosity, sintering behaviour, and microstructure of green compacts...Comparison between filter pressing and isostatic pressing for submicrometer alumina powder has been systematically made. Obvious improvements in true porosity, sintering behaviour, and microstructure of green compacts without cracking and in agglomeration of final ceramics have been achieved.展开更多
Al-Si based alloys are interestingly used to produce automotive components. Fabrication of such components by powder metallurgy (PM) has been developed continuously. During PM, several parameters affect the sinterab...Al-Si based alloys are interestingly used to produce automotive components. Fabrication of such components by powder metallurgy (PM) has been developed continuously. During PM, several parameters affect the sinterability of the aluminium powder, including atmospheric dew point which is regarded as one of the crucial parameters. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the atmospheric dew point on the sinterability of AI-14.9Si-2.4Cu-0.55Mg by studying the sintering characters obtained under various atmospheric dew points. The aluminium alloy powder was pressed into tensile specimens and subsequently sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere at 560 ℃ for 60 min with varied atmospheric dew points. The results show that as the dew point decreased, the sintered properties were improved. The atmospheric dew point of -38.4 ℃ is sufficient to obtain good sintering characters and it is achievable in a commercial furnace.展开更多
Anorthite -diopside ceramics were prepared by sintering iron ore railings, calcium carbonate, and silicon dioxide. Rare-earth cerium nitrate was evaluated as a sintering additive for the ceramics, whose mass percentag...Anorthite -diopside ceramics were prepared by sintering iron ore railings, calcium carbonate, and silicon dioxide. Rare-earth cerium nitrate was evaluated as a sintering additive for the ceramics, whose mass percentage was 3% , 5%, 7% , 9% , and 11% , respectively. The sinterability of anorthite - diopside ceramics during heat treatment was confirmed hy X-ray diffiaction, transmission^scanning electron micrascopy, thermogravi- metric analysis- differential thermal analysis, and hotstage microscopy, respectively. The obtained results show that the density of ceramics gradnally increases, while the sintering temperature and sintering activation energy of anorthite -diopside ceramics are notably decreased with the increasing cerium content. Rare-earth cerium not only is beneficial to the complete reaction of raw materials, but a/so can accelerate the mass transfer process through forming eutectic phase with aluminum.展开更多
The sinterability of Portland Cement with iron tailings as raw materials are studied. Experimental results showed that iron tailings, owing to the existences of the trace elements, play an important role in improving ...The sinterability of Portland Cement with iron tailings as raw materials are studied. Experimental results showed that iron tailings, owing to the existences of the trace elements, play an important role in improving the sinterability of the raw meals and decreasing the calcination temperature.展开更多
Using analytical pure Al( OH)3 , SiO2 , TiO2 as raw materials, effect of TiO2 on the sinterability and microstructure of mullite synthesized from Al ( OH)3 and SiO2 was investigated in this paper by XRD , SEM and ...Using analytical pure Al( OH)3 , SiO2 , TiO2 as raw materials, effect of TiO2 on the sinterability and microstructure of mullite synthesized from Al ( OH)3 and SiO2 was investigated in this paper by XRD , SEM and EPAX. Results show that TiO2 can promote the sintering property when the amount is below 6%, the sinterability of samples becomes better with the increase of the amount of TiO2, microstructure of samples densify gradually, and the best effect can be achieved when the amount of TiO2 is 6%. It was shown by XRD analysis that no Al2TiO5 present when the amount of TiO2 is below 6%, TiO2 existed in the form of solid-solution and glass phase; When the amount of TiO2 is up to 6%, the sinterability of samples becomes worse with the increase of TiO2 added, microstructure of samples began to loosen, Al2TiO5 can be observed in samples and its amount increase with the increase of TiO2.展开更多
The size of BaTiO3 particles was controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of the starting materials (BaCl2 + TiO2) to mineralizer (NaOH + KOH) during a composite-hydroxide-mediated approach using a novel hydrothermal r...The size of BaTiO3 particles was controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of the starting materials (BaCl2 + TiO2) to mineralizer (NaOH + KOH) during a composite-hydroxide-mediated approach using a novel hydrothermal reaction apparatus with a rolling system. The mean particle diameter decreased from 500 to 50 nm with a decrease in the (BaCl2 + TiO2)/(NaOH + KOH) molar ratio from 0.44 to 0.04. The powders were sintered by normal one-step sintering at 1200°C for 5 h and two-step sintering in which temperature was raised to 1200°C at first and then decreased to 1100°C and kept at 1100°C for 5 h. The BaTiO3 particles prepared with the (BaCl2 + TiO2)/(NaOH + KOH) molar ratio of 0.32 and 0.22 showed excellent sinterability and could be sintered to almost full theoretical density by both method. The sintered bodies obtained by both methods showed similarly excellent dielectric and piezoelectric properties.展开更多
The optimization of microstructure represents a significant methodology for enhancing coercivity(Hcj).This paper concentrates on optimizing the microstructure of magnets through the manipulation of the composition of ...The optimization of microstructure represents a significant methodology for enhancing coercivity(Hcj).This paper concentrates on optimizing the microstructure of magnets through the manipulation of the composition of low-melting-point and high-melting-point elements,thereby achieving the objective of augmenting the comprehensive magnetic properties of magnets.The present study is concerned with the microstructure of magnets comprising three distinct Ga and B contents,and the associated changes in their magnetic properties.The findings indicate that when the Ga content is 0.5 wt%and the B content is 0.88 wt%,the coercivity of the magnets is markedly enhanced.This is evidenced by an increase in coercivity from 8.51 to 14.83 kOe,representing a 74.26%rise.Concurrently,the residual magnetization strength of the magnet remains unaltered.This finding provides a crucial foundation for optimizing the overall magnetic properties of the magnets.The microstructural analysis indicates that a reduction in B content coupled with an increase in Ga content leads to the melting of sharp angles on the surface of the main-phase grains,facilitated by low-melting-point rare-earth-rich phases.This process results in the migration of Fe from the grain boundaries(GBs)to the triple junction phases(TJPs),while Nd migrates from the TJPs to the GBs.This migration results in a reduction in the agglomeration of rare-earth-rich elements within the TJPs,thereby increasing the Nd content in the GBs.This increase enhances the wettability of the GBs,while the reduction of Fe content in this phase mitigates the exchange-coupling effect between the main-phase GBs.Consequently,the GBs become more smooth,more homogeneous and more continuous,which ultimately results in an enhancement of the coercivity of the magnets.展开更多
The mineral composition and microstructure critically affect high-basicity sinter quality.Using analytical grade reagents,the formation mechanisms of main minerals and microstructures in high-basicity sinter(hematite-...The mineral composition and microstructure critically affect high-basicity sinter quality.Using analytical grade reagents,the formation mechanisms of main minerals and microstructures in high-basicity sinter(hematite-type,magnetite-type,and vanadium-titanium magnetite-type)during mineralization were analyzed via polarized light microscopy and FactSage.The results indicated that hematite appeared as primary and secondary forms in different sinter types at 900℃.In the heating process,calcium ferrite,magnetite,and perovskite formed at 1150,1280,and 1400℃,respectively,while olivine formed at 1200℃during cooling.From room temperature to1400℃,microstructures evolved from powder-like to porphyritic and skeletal crystal forms.During cooling(1280 to 1100℃),an interlaced-erosion structure was observed.FactSage simulations show that in the low-temperature phase,the liquid composition is closer to the high-basicity CaO–Fe2O3liquid phase region,where silica-ferrite of calcium and aluminum(SFCA)binds with magnetite and hematite to form an interlaced-erosion structure.The porphyritic structure resulted from SFCA melting into the liquid phase,hematite decomposing,and the glass phase cementing magnetite upon quenching.The skeletal crystal structure forms during the high-temperature phase as the high silicate content in the liquid phase increases melting viscosity,reduces local medium concentration,and leads to incomplete crystal growth.This research aims to advance high-basicity sinter metallogenic theory and guide sintering quality improvement.展开更多
Highly thermotolerant and photostable luminescent ceramics are attracting great attention as promising luminescent materials for laser-driven lighting.Herein we report high-performance(Y1-xCex)3Al5O12ce...Highly thermotolerant and photostable luminescent ceramics are attracting great attention as promising luminescent materials for laser-driven lighting.Herein we report high-performance(Y1-xCex)3Al5O12ceramics synthesized by spark plasma sintering(SPS).Owing to the advantages of the regular grain particles and clear grain boundaries of ceramic with cubic garnet structure,the SPS-prepared(Y0.95Ce0.05)3Al5O12 ceramic shows high quantum efficiency with IQE of 98.17% and EQE of 70.42%.It also exhibits excellent luminescence thermal stability and the as-synthesized ceramic maintains 95.11% of integral PL intensity at 423 K compared to that at room temperature.Moreover,the(Y0.95Ce0.05)3Al5O12 ceramic can withstand a high laser power density of 21 W/mm2 and emits high-brightness white lighting with a luminous efficiency of 219.39 lm/W.With excellent optical performance,the fabricated (Y0.95Ce0.05)3Al5O12 ceramic can be widely applied as a reliable color converter material for high-power laser-driven lighting.展开更多
Powder paving is an intermediate process of selective laser sintering(SLS).The dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of sintered components are directly affected by the quality of the powder paving process,wh...Powder paving is an intermediate process of selective laser sintering(SLS).The dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of sintered components are directly affected by the quality of the powder paving process,which is closely related to the flow characteristics of the powder and the process parameters of powder paving.This study investigated the simulation and optimization of the nylon powder paving in SLS by combining a discrete-element-method numerical simulation with a process test.A dynamic model was established to describe the flow and paving process of nylon powder at a preheating temperature considering mesoscopic van der Waals and electrostatic forces.The effects of the physical parameters and ambient temperature on the flow characteristics of nylon powder were analyzed,and the intrinsic relationship between the physical parameters of nylon powder,the process parameters of powder paving,and the quality of the powder paving were explored.A multi-objective regression model of the quality of powder paving was established using the response surface methodology,and a genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the quality of the powder paving.A scientific and intelligent database of the nylon powder paving process in SLS was constructed by matching the process parameters of powder paving and physical parameters of the nylon powder,and the level of the SLS process was improved.展开更多
In pursuit of more efficient low-carbon ironmaking,fulfilling the requirements of blast furnace materials,four types of low-carbon cold-bound pellets were prepared from blended iron ore,which were dually strengthened ...In pursuit of more efficient low-carbon ironmaking,fulfilling the requirements of blast furnace materials,four types of low-carbon cold-bound pellets were prepared from blended iron ore,which were dually strengthened through sintered return fines and binder.The strengthening mechanism of low-carbon cold-bound pellets was discussed based on the analysis of the characterization results including optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the reduction performance detection results.The results demonstrate that,when subjected to external forces,the interlocking of returned fines with blended iron ores leads to the formation of a load-bearing skeleton.During the drying process,the binder is dehydrated and condensed to yield a gel network structure,with which the bonding effect is imposed.In contrast to the organic binder PR,the inorganic binder SS ensures a stabler thermal structure and reduction performance for the cold-bound pellets.The comparison of energy consumption and carbon emissions was estimated before and after introducing cold-bound pellets in the process,and it was ascertained that low-carbon cold-bound pellets are able to foster the low-carbon sustainable ironmaking.展开更多
Low-temperature reduction degradation(LTRD)has long been regarded as a key metallurgical property of iron ore sinter,which exhibits a significant influence on the stability and efficiency of blast furnace operation.Ho...Low-temperature reduction degradation(LTRD)has long been regarded as a key metallurgical property of iron ore sinter,which exhibits a significant influence on the stability and efficiency of blast furnace operation.However,the reduction behavior of sinter under low-temperature conditions is not yet fully understood.The low-temperature reduction behavior of sinter was investigated.The reduction mechanism of sinter under low-temperature conditions was clarified through characterization methods,including X-ray diffraction,microstructural analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.An interesting phenomenon was found that the reduction degradation index RDI+3.15 of sinter sharply decreased from 86.05%after reducing for 30 min and to 58.6%for 45 min.The reduction behavior of sinter was further investigated using a thermogravimetric furnace.The results showed that the reduction rate initially reached a peak,followed by a sharp decline to a minimum at approximately 10 min.This decrease occurred as a result of the formation of a reaction product layer,which hindered the diffusion of the reducing gas into the interior of the sinter.Subsequently,the reduction rate increased again,reaching a second peak at approximately 40 min.The increase in reduction rate was attributed to the formation of cracks rather than gas diffusion.It was further determined that the primary cause of LTRD is the volumetric expansion induced by the reduction of surface hematite.Moreover,the low-temperature reduction of sinter involved only the transformation of hematite to magnetite,with the overall reduction degree remaining low at only 6.31%.展开更多
Ceramic capacitors are critical components in advanced electronic devices,primarily due to their multi-functionalities in energy/information storage and conversion.However,poor temperature stability remains a long-sta...Ceramic capacitors are critical components in advanced electronic devices,primarily due to their multi-functionalities in energy/information storage and conversion.However,poor temperature stability remains a long-standing challenge for practical applications,especially at extremely high-or low-temperature conditions(e.g.,>200℃or<-55℃).In this work,we propose to combine the advantages of paraelectric Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3(BST)with low Curie temperature and relaxor ferroelectric Bi0.325Na0.325Ba0.105Sr0.245TiO3(BNBST)with high dielectric constant using the spark plasma sintering(SPS)method,aiming to achieve a high and relatively stable dielectric constant over a wide temperature range.The BNBST-0.6BST ceramics exhibit excellent dielectric properties:an ultrahigh dielectric constant of 3912 with the change of less than±15%over an ultrawide temperature range from-90℃to 400℃,significantly exceeding the standard of X9R.Additionally,the BNBST-0.6BST ceramics also achieve a recoverable energy storage density of 3.5 J cm-3 under a moderate electric field of 270 kV cm-1,with excellent stability and reliability.This work demonstrates the potential application of high dielectric constant BNT-based ceramics over an ultrawide temperature range,driving the development of ceramic capacitors in extremely harsh service environments.展开更多
To ensure the uniformity of the gas flow in the sintering material layer,improve the sintering efficiency,and reduce the production energy consumption,it is of great significance to predict the permeability index of t...To ensure the uniformity of the gas flow in the sintering material layer,improve the sintering efficiency,and reduce the production energy consumption,it is of great significance to predict the permeability index of the original material layer in advance.However,how to achieve accurate prediction in line with the actual production environment has always been a challenge.Based on this,deep learning was combined with finite element numerical simulation,and an integrated prediction method with high interpretability and controllability was proposed.This method used the wavelet threshold denoising technology jointly improved based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEN)to process the original data,so as to improve the data quality.Subsequently,a temporal convolutional network-long short-term memory(TCN-LSTM)model was constructed and trained for permeability prediction.Comparative analysis showed that the proposed model has a higher prediction accuracy than other comparative models,with the coefficient of determination R2 as high as 95%.In the experimental simulation stage,taking a 360 m2 sintering machine of a certain steel plant as the research object,the COMSOL finite element software was used to establish a physical model for process simulation.The results showed that the variation curve of the permeability of the material layer along the depth direction is highly consistent with the measured results,with a relative error of approximately 3.90 and the R2 of 92.38%.In addition,based on the results of finite element numerical simulation,when using the TCN-LSTM model for prediction,the difference between the predicted value and the simulated value is small,with an average relative error of only 4.92%and the R2 of 97.29%,showing a high degree of fitting and matching.Therefore,the method of combining finite element numerical simulation with CEEN-TCN-LSTM can accurately predict the permeability index of the material layer,effectively meeting the dual needs of predicting the permeability in advance and monitoring the change process of the material layer in actual production and providing technical support for the optimization of the sintering process and the production of high-quality sinter.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2021R1A2C1007400)supported,partly,by the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(Nos.NRF-2020M3H4A3106383,NRF2020M3H4A3081764)+1 种基金supported,partly,by ETRI(No.21YB1610)supported by a Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(No.P0008458,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation)。
摘要Four types of submicron Ag-coated Cu particles with different Ag contents were prepared as sintering paste fillers,and the Ag contents of the particles were measured to be 10,20,30,and 40 wt.%.Four types of particles(in order of increasing Ag content:A10,A20,A30,and A40)were surface-modified with stearic acid,to suppress the Ag shell dewetting and improve sinterability.The surface-modified particles were mixed with a polyol-based solvent to fabricate a resin-free paste.Subsequently,the pastes were screen-printed onto a slide glass and sintered at 250°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1-10 min to form an electrode.The electrical resistivity of the sintered film as a function of sintering time was measured using a four-point probe.All the four surface-modified Cu@Ag particles with different Ag contents exhibited decreased electrical resistivity.Particularly,the largest difference in values after and before the surface modification was observed for A40 with the highest Ag content;the electrical resistivities of the initial and surface-modified particles were 1.51×10-4 and 6.67×10-5Ω·cm,respectively,after sintering for 10 min.The findings of this study confirmed that the surface modification using stearic acid effectively suppressed the dewetting of the Ag shell and improved the sinterability of the submicron Cu@Ag particles.
基金Tnts work was sureorted ac Outstanding abuts dation of Harbin institute Of Twhnology (No.99004)
摘要In this paper. zirconia is used as top mold material for Ti investment casting. Top mold samples are made by proper mold building technology. The effect of different sintering temperature on chemical composition, microstructure and residual bending strength of the top mold sample is Studied. The volume and homogeneity of the air holes in the top mold are determined by sintering temperature. and finally determined the residual bending strength of the mold sample was determined.
摘要An intensive study of the particle size distribution of four commercial ultrafine alumina powders to obtain information about the powder agglomeration and relate them to the compactibility and the sinterability has been made.
基金financial support from the programs of seed money (No. K08141001)the sci-entific problem tackling (No. G06211002) foundations of Urumqi in China
摘要In this paper, a quaternary system of Mn0.43Ni0.9CuFe0.67O4 negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor ceramic prepared by solid/solid reaction was sintered by microwave and conventional method, respectively. To characterize the sinterability of the samples, the densification parameter, porosity and grain size distribution of the bulk were determined. The crystal structure, phase compositions, morphology and impedance of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and impedance analysis. The experimental results confirmed that the sinterability and electrical properties of ceramics were homogenously improved by microwave sintering.
基金Project supported by European Community’s Horizon 2020Program [H2020/2014-2019] under grant Agreement No.674973(MSCA-ETN DEMETER)
摘要The dependence of the magnetic properties on the particle size of recycled HDDR Nd-Fe-B powders was investigated,with the aim to assess the reprocessing potential of the end-of-life scrap magnets via spark plasma sintering(SPS).The as received recycled HDDR powder has coercivity(Hci)=830 kA/m and particles in the range from 30 to 700 μm(average 220 μm).After burr milling,the average particle size is reduced to 120 μm and subsequently the Hci of fine(milled) powder was 595 kA/m.Spark plasma sintering was exploited to consolidate the nanograined HDDR powders and limit the abnormal grain coarsening.The optimal SPS-ing of coarse HDDR powder at 750℃for 1 min produces fully dense magnets with Hci=950±100 kA/m which further increases to 1200 kA/m via thermal treatment at 750℃for 15 min.The burr milled fine HDDR powder under similar SPS conditions and after thermal treatment results in Hci=940 kA/m.The fine powder is further sieved down from 630 to less than 50 μm mesh size,to evaluate the possible reduction in Hci in relation to the particle size.The gain in oxygen content doubles for 200 μm).The XRD analysis for fractionated powder indicates an increase in Nd2O3 phase peaks in the finer(200 μm) to 460 kA/m in the fine sized particles(200 μm) is higher than 930 kA/m and it falls abruptly to just 70 kA/m for the fine sized particles(1000 kA/m only up to 100 μm sized fractions with>90% sintered density.The full densification(>99%) is observed only in the coarse fractions.The loss of coercivity and lack of sinterability in the fine sized particles(<100 μm) are attributed to a very high oxygen content.This implies that during recycling,if good magnetic properties are to be maintained or even increase the HDDR powder particles can be sized down only up to≥100 μm.
摘要Comparison between filter pressing and isostatic pressing for submicrometer alumina powder has been systematically made. Obvious improvements in true porosity, sintering behaviour, and microstructure of green compacts without cracking and in agglomeration of final ceramics have been achieved.
摘要Al-Si based alloys are interestingly used to produce automotive components. Fabrication of such components by powder metallurgy (PM) has been developed continuously. During PM, several parameters affect the sinterability of the aluminium powder, including atmospheric dew point which is regarded as one of the crucial parameters. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the atmospheric dew point on the sinterability of AI-14.9Si-2.4Cu-0.55Mg by studying the sintering characters obtained under various atmospheric dew points. The aluminium alloy powder was pressed into tensile specimens and subsequently sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere at 560 ℃ for 60 min with varied atmospheric dew points. The results show that as the dew point decreased, the sintered properties were improved. The atmospheric dew point of -38.4 ℃ is sufficient to obtain good sintering characters and it is achievable in a commercial furnace.
基金supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents(NCET-13-0408)
摘要Anorthite -diopside ceramics were prepared by sintering iron ore railings, calcium carbonate, and silicon dioxide. Rare-earth cerium nitrate was evaluated as a sintering additive for the ceramics, whose mass percentage was 3% , 5%, 7% , 9% , and 11% , respectively. The sinterability of anorthite - diopside ceramics during heat treatment was confirmed hy X-ray diffiaction, transmission^scanning electron micrascopy, thermogravi- metric analysis- differential thermal analysis, and hotstage microscopy, respectively. The obtained results show that the density of ceramics gradnally increases, while the sintering temperature and sintering activation energy of anorthite -diopside ceramics are notably decreased with the increasing cerium content. Rare-earth cerium not only is beneficial to the complete reaction of raw materials, but a/so can accelerate the mass transfer process through forming eutectic phase with aluminum.
摘要The sinterability of Portland Cement with iron tailings as raw materials are studied. Experimental results showed that iron tailings, owing to the existences of the trace elements, play an important role in improving the sinterability of the raw meals and decreasing the calcination temperature.
摘要Using analytical pure Al( OH)3 , SiO2 , TiO2 as raw materials, effect of TiO2 on the sinterability and microstructure of mullite synthesized from Al ( OH)3 and SiO2 was investigated in this paper by XRD , SEM and EPAX. Results show that TiO2 can promote the sintering property when the amount is below 6%, the sinterability of samples becomes better with the increase of the amount of TiO2, microstructure of samples densify gradually, and the best effect can be achieved when the amount of TiO2 is 6%. It was shown by XRD analysis that no Al2TiO5 present when the amount of TiO2 is below 6%, TiO2 existed in the form of solid-solution and glass phase; When the amount of TiO2 is up to 6%, the sinterability of samples becomes worse with the increase of TiO2 added, microstructure of samples began to loosen, Al2TiO5 can be observed in samples and its amount increase with the increase of TiO2.
摘要The size of BaTiO3 particles was controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of the starting materials (BaCl2 + TiO2) to mineralizer (NaOH + KOH) during a composite-hydroxide-mediated approach using a novel hydrothermal reaction apparatus with a rolling system. The mean particle diameter decreased from 500 to 50 nm with a decrease in the (BaCl2 + TiO2)/(NaOH + KOH) molar ratio from 0.44 to 0.04. The powders were sintered by normal one-step sintering at 1200°C for 5 h and two-step sintering in which temperature was raised to 1200°C at first and then decreased to 1100°C and kept at 1100°C for 5 h. The BaTiO3 particles prepared with the (BaCl2 + TiO2)/(NaOH + KOH) molar ratio of 0.32 and 0.22 showed excellent sinterability and could be sintered to almost full theoretical density by both method. The sintered bodies obtained by both methods showed similarly excellent dielectric and piezoelectric properties.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3503302)the Major Projects in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(20212D0035)the High-quality Development Special Funds Program Ministry of Industry Technology(TC220H06G)。
摘要The optimization of microstructure represents a significant methodology for enhancing coercivity(Hcj).This paper concentrates on optimizing the microstructure of magnets through the manipulation of the composition of low-melting-point and high-melting-point elements,thereby achieving the objective of augmenting the comprehensive magnetic properties of magnets.The present study is concerned with the microstructure of magnets comprising three distinct Ga and B contents,and the associated changes in their magnetic properties.The findings indicate that when the Ga content is 0.5 wt%and the B content is 0.88 wt%,the coercivity of the magnets is markedly enhanced.This is evidenced by an increase in coercivity from 8.51 to 14.83 kOe,representing a 74.26%rise.Concurrently,the residual magnetization strength of the magnet remains unaltered.This finding provides a crucial foundation for optimizing the overall magnetic properties of the magnets.The microstructural analysis indicates that a reduction in B content coupled with an increase in Ga content leads to the melting of sharp angles on the surface of the main-phase grains,facilitated by low-melting-point rare-earth-rich phases.This process results in the migration of Fe from the grain boundaries(GBs)to the triple junction phases(TJPs),while Nd migrates from the TJPs to the GBs.This migration results in a reduction in the agglomeration of rare-earth-rich elements within the TJPs,thereby increasing the Nd content in the GBs.This increase enhances the wettability of the GBs,while the reduction of Fe content in this phase mitigates the exchange-coupling effect between the main-phase GBs.Consequently,the GBs become more smooth,more homogeneous and more continuous,which ultimately results in an enhancement of the coercivity of the magnets.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province,China(No.23564101D)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province,China(No.246Z4102G)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51574105)the Key Research Project of North China University of Science and Technology(No.ZD-ST202308)the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province,China(No.CXZZBS2024135).
摘要The mineral composition and microstructure critically affect high-basicity sinter quality.Using analytical grade reagents,the formation mechanisms of main minerals and microstructures in high-basicity sinter(hematite-type,magnetite-type,and vanadium-titanium magnetite-type)during mineralization were analyzed via polarized light microscopy and FactSage.The results indicated that hematite appeared as primary and secondary forms in different sinter types at 900℃.In the heating process,calcium ferrite,magnetite,and perovskite formed at 1150,1280,and 1400℃,respectively,while olivine formed at 1200℃during cooling.From room temperature to1400℃,microstructures evolved from powder-like to porphyritic and skeletal crystal forms.During cooling(1280 to 1100℃),an interlaced-erosion structure was observed.FactSage simulations show that in the low-temperature phase,the liquid composition is closer to the high-basicity CaO–Fe2O3liquid phase region,where silica-ferrite of calcium and aluminum(SFCA)binds with magnetite and hematite to form an interlaced-erosion structure.The porphyritic structure resulted from SFCA melting into the liquid phase,hematite decomposing,and the glass phase cementing magnetite upon quenching.The skeletal crystal structure forms during the high-temperature phase as the high silicate content in the liquid phase increases melting viscosity,reduces local medium concentration,and leads to incomplete crystal growth.This research aims to advance high-basicity sinter metallogenic theory and guide sintering quality improvement.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFB3506600,2023YFB3506602)Guangdong Provincial Science&Technology Project (2022A0505050032)
摘要Highly thermotolerant and photostable luminescent ceramics are attracting great attention as promising luminescent materials for laser-driven lighting.Herein we report high-performance(Y1-xCex)3Al5O12ceramics synthesized by spark plasma sintering(SPS).Owing to the advantages of the regular grain particles and clear grain boundaries of ceramic with cubic garnet structure,the SPS-prepared(Y0.95Ce0.05)3Al5O12 ceramic shows high quantum efficiency with IQE of 98.17% and EQE of 70.42%.It also exhibits excellent luminescence thermal stability and the as-synthesized ceramic maintains 95.11% of integral PL intensity at 423 K compared to that at room temperature.Moreover,the(Y0.95Ce0.05)3Al5O12 ceramic can withstand a high laser power density of 21 W/mm2 and emits high-brightness white lighting with a luminous efficiency of 219.39 lm/W.With excellent optical performance,the fabricated (Y0.95Ce0.05)3Al5O12 ceramic can be widely applied as a reliable color converter material for high-power laser-driven lighting.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52375466,51975504)Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515110862)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology(Grant No.JSKL2223K06)Hunan Provincial Excellent Youth Project of Education Department(Grant No.22B0109).
摘要Powder paving is an intermediate process of selective laser sintering(SLS).The dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of sintered components are directly affected by the quality of the powder paving process,which is closely related to the flow characteristics of the powder and the process parameters of powder paving.This study investigated the simulation and optimization of the nylon powder paving in SLS by combining a discrete-element-method numerical simulation with a process test.A dynamic model was established to describe the flow and paving process of nylon powder at a preheating temperature considering mesoscopic van der Waals and electrostatic forces.The effects of the physical parameters and ambient temperature on the flow characteristics of nylon powder were analyzed,and the intrinsic relationship between the physical parameters of nylon powder,the process parameters of powder paving,and the quality of the powder paving were explored.A multi-objective regression model of the quality of powder paving was established using the response surface methodology,and a genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the quality of the powder paving.A scientific and intelligent database of the nylon powder paving process in SLS was constructed by matching the process parameters of powder paving and physical parameters of the nylon powder,and the level of the SLS process was improved.
基金financially supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.GuikeAA24263047).
摘要In pursuit of more efficient low-carbon ironmaking,fulfilling the requirements of blast furnace materials,four types of low-carbon cold-bound pellets were prepared from blended iron ore,which were dually strengthened through sintered return fines and binder.The strengthening mechanism of low-carbon cold-bound pellets was discussed based on the analysis of the characterization results including optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the reduction performance detection results.The results demonstrate that,when subjected to external forces,the interlocking of returned fines with blended iron ores leads to the formation of a load-bearing skeleton.During the drying process,the binder is dehydrated and condensed to yield a gel network structure,with which the bonding effect is imposed.In contrast to the organic binder PR,the inorganic binder SS ensures a stabler thermal structure and reduction performance for the cold-bound pellets.The comparison of energy consumption and carbon emissions was estimated before and after introducing cold-bound pellets in the process,and it was ascertained that low-carbon cold-bound pellets are able to foster the low-carbon sustainable ironmaking.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3707001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274344)+1 种基金the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(No.2023JJ20068)the Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3042).
摘要Low-temperature reduction degradation(LTRD)has long been regarded as a key metallurgical property of iron ore sinter,which exhibits a significant influence on the stability and efficiency of blast furnace operation.However,the reduction behavior of sinter under low-temperature conditions is not yet fully understood.The low-temperature reduction behavior of sinter was investigated.The reduction mechanism of sinter under low-temperature conditions was clarified through characterization methods,including X-ray diffraction,microstructural analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.An interesting phenomenon was found that the reduction degradation index RDI+3.15 of sinter sharply decreased from 86.05%after reducing for 30 min and to 58.6%for 45 min.The reduction behavior of sinter was further investigated using a thermogravimetric furnace.The results showed that the reduction rate initially reached a peak,followed by a sharp decline to a minimum at approximately 10 min.This decrease occurred as a result of the formation of a reaction product layer,which hindered the diffusion of the reducing gas into the interior of the sinter.Subsequently,the reduction rate increased again,reaching a second peak at approximately 40 min.The increase in reduction rate was attributed to the formation of cracks rather than gas diffusion.It was further determined that the primary cause of LTRD is the volumetric expansion induced by the reduction of surface hematite.Moreover,the low-temperature reduction of sinter involved only the transformation of hematite to magnetite,with the overall reduction degree remaining low at only 6.31%.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52267002)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant Nos.20252BAC250040 and 20252BEJ730247)Jiangxi Graduate Student Innovation Fund(Grant No.JYC202301)。
摘要Ceramic capacitors are critical components in advanced electronic devices,primarily due to their multi-functionalities in energy/information storage and conversion.However,poor temperature stability remains a long-standing challenge for practical applications,especially at extremely high-or low-temperature conditions(e.g.,>200℃or<-55℃).In this work,we propose to combine the advantages of paraelectric Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3(BST)with low Curie temperature and relaxor ferroelectric Bi0.325Na0.325Ba0.105Sr0.245TiO3(BNBST)with high dielectric constant using the spark plasma sintering(SPS)method,aiming to achieve a high and relatively stable dielectric constant over a wide temperature range.The BNBST-0.6BST ceramics exhibit excellent dielectric properties:an ultrahigh dielectric constant of 3912 with the change of less than±15%over an ultrawide temperature range from-90℃to 400℃,significantly exceeding the standard of X9R.Additionally,the BNBST-0.6BST ceramics also achieve a recoverable energy storage density of 3.5 J cm-3 under a moderate electric field of 270 kV cm-1,with excellent stability and reliability.This work demonstrates the potential application of high dielectric constant BNT-based ceramics over an ultrawide temperature range,driving the development of ceramic capacitors in extremely harsh service environments.
基金support from Hebei Natural Science Foundation Project(E2024209101,E2024105036)Yanzhao Golden Platform Talent Program for Key Personnel in Hebei Province(B2024005019)Hebei Provincial Steel Laboratory R&D Project(23560301D).
摘要To ensure the uniformity of the gas flow in the sintering material layer,improve the sintering efficiency,and reduce the production energy consumption,it is of great significance to predict the permeability index of the original material layer in advance.However,how to achieve accurate prediction in line with the actual production environment has always been a challenge.Based on this,deep learning was combined with finite element numerical simulation,and an integrated prediction method with high interpretability and controllability was proposed.This method used the wavelet threshold denoising technology jointly improved based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEN)to process the original data,so as to improve the data quality.Subsequently,a temporal convolutional network-long short-term memory(TCN-LSTM)model was constructed and trained for permeability prediction.Comparative analysis showed that the proposed model has a higher prediction accuracy than other comparative models,with the coefficient of determination R2 as high as 95%.In the experimental simulation stage,taking a 360 m2 sintering machine of a certain steel plant as the research object,the COMSOL finite element software was used to establish a physical model for process simulation.The results showed that the variation curve of the permeability of the material layer along the depth direction is highly consistent with the measured results,with a relative error of approximately 3.90 and the R2 of 92.38%.In addition,based on the results of finite element numerical simulation,when using the TCN-LSTM model for prediction,the difference between the predicted value and the simulated value is small,with an average relative error of only 4.92%and the R2 of 97.29%,showing a high degree of fitting and matching.Therefore,the method of combining finite element numerical simulation with CEEN-TCN-LSTM can accurately predict the permeability index of the material layer,effectively meeting the dual needs of predicting the permeability in advance and monitoring the change process of the material layer in actual production and providing technical support for the optimization of the sintering process and the production of high-quality sinter.