A 1∶2.5 scale tundish model was set up in laboratory for a six-strand billet continuous casting tundish with different configurations to investigate fluid flow characteristics under different operational conditions b...A 1∶2.5 scale tundish model was set up in laboratory for a six-strand billet continuous casting tundish with different configurations to investigate fluid flow characteristics under different operational conditions by measuring residence time distribution curves.It was found that minimum residence time,maximum concentration time and average residence time of the three strands on the same side of the tundish with the former configuration under normal operation,that is,six strands were open,were small and non-uniform and the tundish had large dead volume fraction.Vortexes easily formed on the liquid surface in the pouring zone of the tundish.The fluid flow characteristics in the tundish with the optimal turbulence inhibitor and baffles were improved and became less non-uniform among the strands.Vortexes were not found on the pouring zone surface in the optimal tundish.For non-normal operation,that is,one strand was close,it was important to choose which strand to be closed for maintaining flow characteristics of the rest two strands.It was found from this investigation that fluid flow characteristics in the optimal configuration tundish with closing strand 2 were better than those with closing strand 3 on the same side.展开更多
The accuracy of an articulated torque analysis influences the comprehensive performances of heavy-duty multi-legged robots. Currently, the extremal estimation method and some complex methods are employed to calculate ...The accuracy of an articulated torque analysis influences the comprehensive performances of heavy-duty multi-legged robots. Currently, the extremal estimation method and some complex methods are employed to calculate the articulated torques, which results in a large safety margin or a large number of calculations. To quickly obtain accurate articulated torques, an analysis method for the articulated torque is presented for an electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot. First, the rearmost leg that experiences the maximum normal contact force is confirmed when the robot transits a slope. Based on the ant-type and crab-type tripod gaits, the formulas of classical mechanics and MATLAB software are employed to theoretically analyze the relevant static torques of the joints. With the changes in the joint angles for the abductor joint, hip joint, and knee joint, variable tendency charts and extreme curves are obtained for the static articulated torques. Meanwhile, the maximum static articulated torques and the corresponding poses of the robot are also obtained. According to the poses of the robot under the maximum static articulated torques, ADAMS software is used to carry out a static simulation analysis. Based on the relevant simulation curves of the articulated torques, the maximum static articulated torques are acquired. A comparative analysis of the maximum static articulated torques shows that the theoretical calculation values are higher than the static simulation values, and the maximum error value is approximately 10%. The proposed method lays a foundation for quickly determining accurate articulated torques to develop heavy-duty six-legged robots.展开更多
Improper flow control devices in a multi-strand tundish can cause some problems, for example, liquid steel cannot reach every nozzle at the same time and the liquid steel in nozzles far away from the entry zone has a ...Improper flow control devices in a multi-strand tundish can cause some problems, for example, liquid steel cannot reach every nozzle at the same time and the liquid steel in nozzles far away from the entry zone has a lower temperature. The water model experiment of a six-strand tundish of Tianjin Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. was performed, a new "U" type baffle was obtained, and its parameters were defined by perpendicular analysis. The "U" baffle can not only improve those imperfections, but also prolong the residence time of nonmetallic inclusions, which is good for their flotation and separation.展开更多
The method to predict roll deformation precisely and efficiently is vital for the strip shape control of a six-high rolling mill. Traditional calculation methods of roll deformation, such as the finite element method ...The method to predict roll deformation precisely and efficiently is vital for the strip shape control of a six-high rolling mill. Traditional calculation methods of roll deformation, such as the finite element method and the influence function method, have been widely used due to their accuracies. However, the required calculation time is too long to be applied to the realtime control. Therefore, a rapid calculation method for predicting roll deformation of a six-high rolling mill was proposed, which employed the finite difference method to calculate the roll deflection and used a polynomial to describe the nonlinear relationship between roll flattening and roll contact pressure. Furthermore, a new correction strategy was proposed in the iteration, where the roll center flattening and the roll flattening deviation were put forward and corrected simultaneously in the iteration process according to the static equilibrium of roll. Finally, by the comparison with traditional methods, the proposed method was proved to be more efficient and it was suitable for the online calculation of the strip shape control.展开更多
Iterations in optimization and numerical simulation for the sheet metal forming process may lead to extensive computation. In addition, uncertainties in materials or processing parameters may have great influence on t...Iterations in optimization and numerical simulation for the sheet metal forming process may lead to extensive computation. In addition, uncertainties in materials or processing parameters may have great influence on the design quality. A six sigma optimization method is proposed, by combining the dual response surface method (DRSM) and six sigma philosophy, to save computation cost and improve reliability and robustness of parts. Using this method, statistical technology, including the design of experiment and analysis of variance, approximate model and six sigma philosophy are integrated together to achieve improved quality. Two sheet metal forming processes are provided as examples to illustrate the proposed method.展开更多
A new integrated measuring system with eight force-balance accelerometers is proposed to obtain a direct measurement of six degree-of freedom (DOF) ground motions, including three rotational and three actual transla...A new integrated measuring system with eight force-balance accelerometers is proposed to obtain a direct measurement of six degree-of freedom (DOF) ground motions, including three rotational and three actual translational acceleration components without gyroscopes. In the proposed measuring system, the relationship between the output from eight force-balance accelerometer and the six DOF motion of the measuring system under an earthquake are described by differential equations. These equations are derived from the positions and directions of the eight force-balance accelerometers in the measuring system. The third-order Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to guarantee the accuracy of the numerical calculation. All the algorithms used to compute the six DOF components of the ground motion are implemented in a real-time in Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The distortion of the measured results caused by position and direction errors of the accelerometers in the measuring system are reduced by multiplying a compensation coefficient C to the output and subtracting static zero drift from the measured results, respectively.展开更多
Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases is an ancient guideline for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) clinicians which classified all diseases into six meridians.In Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases, many syndromes ar...Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases is an ancient guideline for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) clinicians which classified all diseases into six meridians.In Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases, many syndromes are enunciated in simple vocabularies without physiology and pathology, which is always criticized.It seems that a bridge is necessary for physiological and pathological understanding on Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases.In past decade, two definition of life in cell and in our body are presented respectively.In both definitions, energy conversion is the core pathways for all organisms which can be regarded as motion of qi.Moreover, metabolism of energy agents can be seen as yang while gene expression and stem cell proliferation & differentiation(SCPD) should be seen as yin in cell and in our body respectively.The both definitions also outline the physiology and pathology of six meridians in Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases, which can be unveiled as followings: taiyang meridian-elimination of energy and end metabolites;yangming meridian-acquiring energy agents;shaoyin meridian-the conversions of energy agents;taiyin meridian-new born somatic cell attending the metabolism of energy agents and then going to die;shaoyin meridian-storage and activity of stem cell;jueyin meridian-proliferation & differentiation of stem cell to produce somatic cell.These definitions will ignite new physiological and pathological understandings on Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases.展开更多
Silicon is usually found to be four-coordinated when neighbored with oxygen. Six-coordinated silicon is only seen in samples at very specific composition or made at high temperature/pressure. In this study, we managed...Silicon is usually found to be four-coordinated when neighbored with oxygen. Six-coordinated silicon is only seen in samples at very specific composition or made at high temperature/pressure. In this study, we managed to synthesize calcium phosphosilicate xerogels containing six-coordinated silicon with the help of polyols by sol-gel method, without the need of treatment at high temperature or high pressure. Both phosphorus precursors and polyols were found to be essential for the formation of six-coordinated silicon species; in the absence of either species, only normal four-coordinated silicon was observed under otherwise identical conditions. Samples containing six-coordinated silicon sites were found to release silicon species faster than those without six-coordinated silicon sites upon dissolved in water, suggesting that six-coordinated silicon species have higher reactivity toward hydrolysis.展开更多
Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), an optimizing model of concurrent parameter and tolerance design is proposed where response mean equals its target in the target being best. The optimizing function of the mod...Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), an optimizing model of concurrent parameter and tolerance design is proposed where response mean equals its target in the target being best. The optimizing function of the model is the sum of quality loss and tolerance cost subjecting to the variance confidence region of which six sigma capability can be assured. An example is illustrated in order to compare the differences between the developed model and the parameter design with minimum variance. The results show that the proposed method not only achieves robustness, but also greatly reduces cost. The objectives of high quality and low cost of product and process can be achieved simultaneously by the application of six sigma concurrent parameter and tolerance design.展开更多
Objectives To analyze the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and gas exchange of 5 heart transplantation patients and to approach the variation tendency of exercise tolerance, oxygen uptake ( VO2 ) and heart rate chronot...Objectives To analyze the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and gas exchange of 5 heart transplantation patients and to approach the variation tendency of exercise tolerance, oxygen uptake ( VO2 ) and heart rate chronotropic response. Methods 5 cases of heart transplantation patients ( age 25 - 52 years) were undertaken 6MWT 6 - 30 months after operation, synchronizing gas exchanging parameters were measured by wireless portable remote sensing K4B^2 gas analyzer, 51 normal controls were compared. Results The six-minute walk distance (6MWD) of 5 patients were (592.6 ± 26.7 ) m (558 - 625 ) m, the ascending tendency during exercise was slower, the maximum heart rates were 80% ± 6% of age-predicting maximal heart rate, lower than normal control (86%) ; the end point VO2/kg were (21.8 ± 1.4 ) mL/min · kg ( 19. 94 - 23.60) mL/min · kg. Conclusions The 6WMD and VO2 of 5 patients reached normal range, but the heart rate chronotropic response and VO2 ascending tendency were slower than those of normal controls.展开更多
The electrically driven six-legged robot with high carrying capacity is an indispensable equipment for planetary exploration, but it hinders its practicability because of its low efficiency of carrying energy. Meanwhi...The electrically driven six-legged robot with high carrying capacity is an indispensable equipment for planetary exploration, but it hinders its practicability because of its low efficiency of carrying energy. Meanwhile, its load capacity also affects its application range. To reduce the power consumption, increase the load to mass ratio, and improve the stability of robot, the relationship between the walking modes and the forces of feet under the tripod gait are researched for an electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot. Based on the configuration characteristics of electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged, the typical walking modes of robot are analyzed. The mathematical models of the normal forces of feet are respectively established under the tripod gait of typical walking modes. According to the MATLAB software, the variable tendency charts are respectively gained for the normal forces of feet. The walking experiments under the typical tripod gaits are implemented for the prototype of electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot. The variable tendencies of maximum normal forces of feet are acquired. The comparison results show that the theoretical and experimental data are in the same trend. The walking modes which are most available to realize the average force of distribution of each foot are confirmed. The proposed method of analyzing the relationship between the walking modes and the forces of feet can quickly determine the optimal walking mode and gait parameters under the average distribution of foot force, which is propitious to develop the excellent heavy-duty multi-legged robots with the lower power consumption, larger load to mass ratio, and higher stability.展开更多
A dual-tone technique is used to produce multi-samples in optimising calibration of six-port junction. More accurate results are achieved by using the least-square method and excluding those samples which may cause bi...A dual-tone technique is used to produce multi-samples in optimising calibration of six-port junction. More accurate results are achieved by using the least-square method and excluding those samples which may cause bigger errors. A 0.80 -1.10 GHz microwave integrated circuit (MIC) six-port reflectometer is constructed. Nine test samples are used in the measurement. With Engen's calibration procedure, the difference between the HP8510 and the six-port reflectrometer is in the order of 0.20 dB/1.5° for most cases, above 0.50 dB/5.0° at boundary frequency. With the optimised method, the difference is less than 0. 10 dB/1.0° for most cases, and the biggest error is 0.42 dB/2.1° for boundary frequencies.展开更多
Stewart platform(SP) is a promising choice for large component alignment, and interactive force measurements are a novel and significant approach for high-precision assemblies. The designed position and orientation(P&...Stewart platform(SP) is a promising choice for large component alignment, and interactive force measurements are a novel and significant approach for high-precision assemblies. The designed position and orientation(P&O) adjusting platform, based on an SP for forceorquedriven(F/T-driven) alignment, can dynamically measure interactive forces. This paper presents an analytical algorithm of measuring six-dimensional F/T based on the screw theory for accurate determination of external forces during alignment. Dynamic gravity deviations were taken into consideration and a compensation model was developed. The P&O number was optimized as well.Given the specific appearance of repeated six-dimensional F/T measurements, an approximate cone shape was used for spatial precision analysis. The magnitudes and directions of measured F/Ts can be evaluated by a set of standards, in terms of accuracy and repeatability. Experiments were also performed using a known applied load, and the proposed analytical algorithm was able to accurately predict the F/T. A comparison between precision analysis experiments with or without assembly fixtures was performed. Experimental results show that the measurement accuracy varies under different P&O sets and higher loads lead to poorer accuracy of dynamic gravity compensation. In addition, the preferable operation range has been discussed for high-precision assemblies with smaller deviations.展开更多
Optimization of a manufacturing process results in higher productivity and reduced wastes. Production parameters of a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Pakistan is optimized by using six Sigma-Define, measure,...Optimization of a manufacturing process results in higher productivity and reduced wastes. Production parameters of a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Pakistan is optimized by using six Sigma-Define, measure, analyze, improve, and controlmethodology. Production data is collected and analyzed. After analysis, experimental design result is used to identify significant factors affecting process performance. The significant factors are controlled to optimized level using two-level factorial design method. A regression model is developed that helps in the estimation of response under multi variable input values. Model is tested, verified, and validated by using industrial data collected at a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Peshawar(Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan). The sigma level of the manufacturing process is improved to 4.01 from 3.58. The novelty of the research is the identification of the significant factors along with the optimum levels that affects the process yield, and the methodology to optimize the steel bar manufacturing process.展开更多
基金Item Sponsored by National High Technology Research and Development Plan of China(2007AA04Z194)
摘要A 1∶2.5 scale tundish model was set up in laboratory for a six-strand billet continuous casting tundish with different configurations to investigate fluid flow characteristics under different operational conditions by measuring residence time distribution curves.It was found that minimum residence time,maximum concentration time and average residence time of the three strands on the same side of the tundish with the former configuration under normal operation,that is,six strands were open,were small and non-uniform and the tundish had large dead volume fraction.Vortexes easily formed on the liquid surface in the pouring zone of the tundish.The fluid flow characteristics in the tundish with the optimal turbulence inhibitor and baffles were improved and became less non-uniform among the strands.Vortexes were not found on the pouring zone surface in the optimal tundish.For non-normal operation,that is,one strand was close,it was important to choose which strand to be closed for maintaining flow characteristics of the rest two strands.It was found from this investigation that fluid flow characteristics in the optimal configuration tundish with closing strand 2 were better than those with closing strand 3 on the same side.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program, Grant No. 2013CB035502)International Science and Technology Cooperation Project with Russia (Grant No. 2010DFR70270)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51275106)"111" Project (Grant No. B07018)Key Laboratory Opening Funding of Aerospace Mechanism and Control, China (Grant No. HIT. KLOF.2010057)
摘要The accuracy of an articulated torque analysis influences the comprehensive performances of heavy-duty multi-legged robots. Currently, the extremal estimation method and some complex methods are employed to calculate the articulated torques, which results in a large safety margin or a large number of calculations. To quickly obtain accurate articulated torques, an analysis method for the articulated torque is presented for an electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot. First, the rearmost leg that experiences the maximum normal contact force is confirmed when the robot transits a slope. Based on the ant-type and crab-type tripod gaits, the formulas of classical mechanics and MATLAB software are employed to theoretically analyze the relevant static torques of the joints. With the changes in the joint angles for the abductor joint, hip joint, and knee joint, variable tendency charts and extreme curves are obtained for the static articulated torques. Meanwhile, the maximum static articulated torques and the corresponding poses of the robot are also obtained. According to the poses of the robot under the maximum static articulated torques, ADAMS software is used to carry out a static simulation analysis. Based on the relevant simulation curves of the articulated torques, the maximum static articulated torques are acquired. A comparative analysis of the maximum static articulated torques shows that the theoretical calculation values are higher than the static simulation values, and the maximum error value is approximately 10%. The proposed method lays a foundation for quickly determining accurate articulated torques to develop heavy-duty six-legged robots.
摘要Improper flow control devices in a multi-strand tundish can cause some problems, for example, liquid steel cannot reach every nozzle at the same time and the liquid steel in nozzles far away from the entry zone has a lower temperature. The water model experiment of a six-strand tundish of Tianjin Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. was performed, a new "U" type baffle was obtained, and its parameters were defined by perpendicular analysis. The "U" baffle can not only improve those imperfections, but also prolong the residence time of nonmetallic inclusions, which is good for their flotation and separation.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51674028), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-IC- 16-001).
摘要The method to predict roll deformation precisely and efficiently is vital for the strip shape control of a six-high rolling mill. Traditional calculation methods of roll deformation, such as the finite element method and the influence function method, have been widely used due to their accuracies. However, the required calculation time is too long to be applied to the realtime control. Therefore, a rapid calculation method for predicting roll deformation of a six-high rolling mill was proposed, which employed the finite difference method to calculate the roll deflection and used a polynomial to describe the nonlinear relationship between roll flattening and roll contact pressure. Furthermore, a new correction strategy was proposed in the iteration, where the roll center flattening and the roll flattening deviation were put forward and corrected simultaneously in the iteration process according to the static equilibrium of roll. Finally, by the comparison with traditional methods, the proposed method was proved to be more efficient and it was suitable for the online calculation of the strip shape control.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50475020).
摘要Iterations in optimization and numerical simulation for the sheet metal forming process may lead to extensive computation. In addition, uncertainties in materials or processing parameters may have great influence on the design quality. A six sigma optimization method is proposed, by combining the dual response surface method (DRSM) and six sigma philosophy, to save computation cost and improve reliability and robustness of parts. Using this method, statistical technology, including the design of experiment and analysis of variance, approximate model and six sigma philosophy are integrated together to achieve improved quality. Two sheet metal forming processes are provided as examples to illustrate the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50378086the China Seismology United Foundation under Grant No.104139.
摘要A new integrated measuring system with eight force-balance accelerometers is proposed to obtain a direct measurement of six degree-of freedom (DOF) ground motions, including three rotational and three actual translational acceleration components without gyroscopes. In the proposed measuring system, the relationship between the output from eight force-balance accelerometer and the six DOF motion of the measuring system under an earthquake are described by differential equations. These equations are derived from the positions and directions of the eight force-balance accelerometers in the measuring system. The third-order Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to guarantee the accuracy of the numerical calculation. All the algorithms used to compute the six DOF components of the ground motion are implemented in a real-time in Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The distortion of the measured results caused by position and direction errors of the accelerometers in the measuring system are reduced by multiplying a compensation coefficient C to the output and subtracting static zero drift from the measured results, respectively.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY19H190004)
摘要Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases is an ancient guideline for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) clinicians which classified all diseases into six meridians.In Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases, many syndromes are enunciated in simple vocabularies without physiology and pathology, which is always criticized.It seems that a bridge is necessary for physiological and pathological understanding on Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases.In past decade, two definition of life in cell and in our body are presented respectively.In both definitions, energy conversion is the core pathways for all organisms which can be regarded as motion of qi.Moreover, metabolism of energy agents can be seen as yang while gene expression and stem cell proliferation & differentiation(SCPD) should be seen as yin in cell and in our body respectively.The both definitions also outline the physiology and pathology of six meridians in Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases, which can be unveiled as followings: taiyang meridian-elimination of energy and end metabolites;yangming meridian-acquiring energy agents;shaoyin meridian-the conversions of energy agents;taiyin meridian-new born somatic cell attending the metabolism of energy agents and then going to die;shaoyin meridian-storage and activity of stem cell;jueyin meridian-proliferation & differentiation of stem cell to produce somatic cell.These definitions will ignite new physiological and pathological understandings on Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases.
基金supported by the State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China (No.2012CB933200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51173193)
摘要Silicon is usually found to be four-coordinated when neighbored with oxygen. Six-coordinated silicon is only seen in samples at very specific composition or made at high temperature/pressure. In this study, we managed to synthesize calcium phosphosilicate xerogels containing six-coordinated silicon with the help of polyols by sol-gel method, without the need of treatment at high temperature or high pressure. Both phosphorus precursors and polyols were found to be essential for the formation of six-coordinated silicon species; in the absence of either species, only normal four-coordinated silicon was observed under otherwise identical conditions. Samples containing six-coordinated silicon sites were found to release silicon species faster than those without six-coordinated silicon sites upon dissolved in water, suggesting that six-coordinated silicon species have higher reactivity toward hydrolysis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No:70572044)New Central Elitist(No:04-0240)
摘要Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), an optimizing model of concurrent parameter and tolerance design is proposed where response mean equals its target in the target being best. The optimizing function of the model is the sum of quality loss and tolerance cost subjecting to the variance confidence region of which six sigma capability can be assured. An example is illustrated in order to compare the differences between the developed model and the parameter design with minimum variance. The results show that the proposed method not only achieves robustness, but also greatly reduces cost. The objectives of high quality and low cost of product and process can be achieved simultaneously by the application of six sigma concurrent parameter and tolerance design.
摘要Objectives To analyze the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and gas exchange of 5 heart transplantation patients and to approach the variation tendency of exercise tolerance, oxygen uptake ( VO2 ) and heart rate chronotropic response. Methods 5 cases of heart transplantation patients ( age 25 - 52 years) were undertaken 6MWT 6 - 30 months after operation, synchronizing gas exchanging parameters were measured by wireless portable remote sensing K4B^2 gas analyzer, 51 normal controls were compared. Results The six-minute walk distance (6MWD) of 5 patients were (592.6 ± 26.7 ) m (558 - 625 ) m, the ascending tendency during exercise was slower, the maximum heart rates were 80% ± 6% of age-predicting maximal heart rate, lower than normal control (86%) ; the end point VO2/kg were (21.8 ± 1.4 ) mL/min · kg ( 19. 94 - 23.60) mL/min · kg. Conclusions The 6WMD and VO2 of 5 patients reached normal range, but the heart rate chronotropic response and VO2 ascending tendency were slower than those of normal controls.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51505335,51275106)National Basic Research Program of China(973Program,Grant No.2013CB035502)
摘要The electrically driven six-legged robot with high carrying capacity is an indispensable equipment for planetary exploration, but it hinders its practicability because of its low efficiency of carrying energy. Meanwhile, its load capacity also affects its application range. To reduce the power consumption, increase the load to mass ratio, and improve the stability of robot, the relationship between the walking modes and the forces of feet under the tripod gait are researched for an electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot. Based on the configuration characteristics of electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged, the typical walking modes of robot are analyzed. The mathematical models of the normal forces of feet are respectively established under the tripod gait of typical walking modes. According to the MATLAB software, the variable tendency charts are respectively gained for the normal forces of feet. The walking experiments under the typical tripod gaits are implemented for the prototype of electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot. The variable tendencies of maximum normal forces of feet are acquired. The comparison results show that the theoretical and experimental data are in the same trend. The walking modes which are most available to realize the average force of distribution of each foot are confirmed. The proposed method of analyzing the relationship between the walking modes and the forces of feet can quickly determine the optimal walking mode and gait parameters under the average distribution of foot force, which is propitious to develop the excellent heavy-duty multi-legged robots with the lower power consumption, larger load to mass ratio, and higher stability.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60441006)
摘要A dual-tone technique is used to produce multi-samples in optimising calibration of six-port junction. More accurate results are achieved by using the least-square method and excluding those samples which may cause bigger errors. A 0.80 -1.10 GHz microwave integrated circuit (MIC) six-port reflectometer is constructed. Nine test samples are used in the measurement. With Engen's calibration procedure, the difference between the HP8510 and the six-port reflectrometer is in the order of 0.20 dB/1.5° for most cases, above 0.50 dB/5.0° at boundary frequency. With the optimised method, the difference is less than 0. 10 dB/1.0° for most cases, and the biggest error is 0.42 dB/2.1° for boundary frequencies.
基金co-supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research (No. A2120132007)the Fund of National Engineering and Research Center for Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing (No. SAMC14-JS-15-055)
摘要Stewart platform(SP) is a promising choice for large component alignment, and interactive force measurements are a novel and significant approach for high-precision assemblies. The designed position and orientation(P&O) adjusting platform, based on an SP for forceorquedriven(F/T-driven) alignment, can dynamically measure interactive forces. This paper presents an analytical algorithm of measuring six-dimensional F/T based on the screw theory for accurate determination of external forces during alignment. Dynamic gravity deviations were taken into consideration and a compensation model was developed. The P&O number was optimized as well.Given the specific appearance of repeated six-dimensional F/T measurements, an approximate cone shape was used for spatial precision analysis. The magnitudes and directions of measured F/Ts can be evaluated by a set of standards, in terms of accuracy and repeatability. Experiments were also performed using a known applied load, and the proposed analytical algorithm was able to accurately predict the F/T. A comparison between precision analysis experiments with or without assembly fixtures was performed. Experimental results show that the measurement accuracy varies under different P&O sets and higher loads lead to poorer accuracy of dynamic gravity compensation. In addition, the preferable operation range has been discussed for high-precision assemblies with smaller deviations.
摘要Optimization of a manufacturing process results in higher productivity and reduced wastes. Production parameters of a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Pakistan is optimized by using six Sigma-Define, measure, analyze, improve, and controlmethodology. Production data is collected and analyzed. After analysis, experimental design result is used to identify significant factors affecting process performance. The significant factors are controlled to optimized level using two-level factorial design method. A regression model is developed that helps in the estimation of response under multi variable input values. Model is tested, verified, and validated by using industrial data collected at a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Peshawar(Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan). The sigma level of the manufacturing process is improved to 4.01 from 3.58. The novelty of the research is the identification of the significant factors along with the optimum levels that affects the process yield, and the methodology to optimize the steel bar manufacturing process.