Ti/Sb-SnO2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol. The p...Ti/Sb-SnO2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol. The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant. The electrodes, which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks, compared with Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant, which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface. However, the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant. No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion; while for those containing more Sb dopant, intermediate species were accumulated. The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm^2 for 180 min; and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%, respectively.展开更多
Electrochemicaldegradation of2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solutionwas investigated over Ti/SnO2-Sb anode. The factors influencing thedegradation rate, such as applied currentdensity (2-40 mA/cm2 ), pH ...Electrochemicaldegradation of2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solutionwas investigated over Ti/SnO2-Sb anode. The factors influencing thedegradation rate, such as applied currentdensity (2-40 mA/cm2 ), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L)were evaluated. Thedegradation of2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. Thedegradation ratio on Ti/SnO2 -Sb anode attained 〉 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant currentdensity of 30 mA/cm2 with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4 ) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L)degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, thedegradation rate constant (k) and thedegradation half-life (t1/2 )were 0.21 min1 and (2.8 ± 0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) weredetected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for2,4-DCPdegradation (5-200 mg/L)with Ti/SnO2-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO2-Sb anodewith a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed todegrade chlorophenols, particularly2,4-DCP inwastewater.展开更多
Ti/SnO2–Sb electrode has a good effect on the removal of organic pollutants. But its short service life limits its large-scale application in industry. Electro-catalytic degradation performances and service life of t...Ti/SnO2–Sb electrode has a good effect on the removal of organic pollutants. But its short service life limits its large-scale application in industry. Electro-catalytic degradation performances and service life of the electrode can be significantly improved by doping rare earth(RE) ions into the oxide coating of Ti/SnO2–Sb electrode. Ti/SnO2–Sb electrodes doped with different RE elements(Ce, Dy, La, and Eu) were prepared by the thermal decomposition method at 550 ℃. Electro-catalytic degradation performances of electrodes doped with different RE elements were evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry(LSV) and Tafel curves. During the electrolysis,the conversion of p-nitrophenol was performed with these electrodes as anodes under galvanostatic control. The structures and morphologies of the surface coating of the electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results demonstrate that the electro-catalytic degradation performances of Ti/SnO2–Sb electrodes are improved to different levels by doping different RE ions. Improved Ti/SnO2–Sb electrodes by the introduction of different RE have higher oxygen evolution potential, better electro-catalysis ability, better coverage,and longer electrode life.展开更多
Praseodymium was selected as a promoter for SnO2/Ti electrode to improve the electrocatalytic performance by electrodeposition in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment; the micrograph and the structure were characterize...Praseodymium was selected as a promoter for SnO2/Ti electrode to improve the electrocatalytic performance by electrodeposition in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment; the micrograph and the structure were characterized by SEM and XRD. Mixture uniform design was used in the optimization of the electrolytic conditions; mathematical model was established according to the rate of wiping COD off, which revealed the relationship between the current intensity, time of electrolysis, the amount of doped Pr, and the ratio of area (SnOJTi:Al). On the basis of the analysis of the empirical model, the optimized parameters had been obtained; the rate of wiping COD off was up to 94.9%, it decreased from 392 to 20 mg/L. Experimental results showed that the electrocatalytic performance of the electrode doped with Pr was superior for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.展开更多
Au-Pt/SnO2/GC composite electrode was prepared by self-assembling Au-Pt nanoparticles on SnO2 film,which was deposited on actived glassy carbon(GC).Atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)imag...Au-Pt/SnO2/GC composite electrode was prepared by self-assembling Au-Pt nanoparticles on SnO2 film,which was deposited on actived glassy carbon(GC).Atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images revealed that dense and uniform Au-Pt particles with 25-nm diameter were dispersed on SnO2 film.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results proved that there was an interaction between Au-Pt nanoparticles and SnO2 support.Electrochemical experiments showed that Au-Pt/SnOz/GC composite electrode had a good electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of methanol.展开更多
CeO2-TiO2 films and CeO2-TiO/SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)double films were deposited on glass substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering(R.F.Sputtering),using SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)target,and CeO2-TiO2 targets with different mola...CeO2-TiO2 films and CeO2-TiO/SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)double films were deposited on glass substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering(R.F.Sputtering),using SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)target,and CeO2-TiO2 targets with different molar ratio of CeO2 to TiO2(CeO2:TiO2-0:1.0;0.1:0.9;0.2:0.8;0.3:0.7;0.4:0.6;0.5:0.5;0.6:0.4;0.7:0.3;0.8:0.2;0.9:0.1;1.0:0).The films are characterized by UV-visible transmission and infrared reflection spectra,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively.The obtained results show that the amorphous phases composed of CeO2-TiO2 play an important role in absorbing UV,there are Ce^3-,Ce^4-and Ti^4-on the surface of the films;the glass substrates coated with CeO2-TiO2(Ce/Ti=0.5:0.5;0.6:0.4)/SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)double films show high absorbing UV(〉99),high visible light transmission(75%)and good infrared reflection(〉70%).The sheet resistance of the films is 30-50Ω/□.The glass substrates coated with the double functional films can be used as window glass of buildings,automobile and so on.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Institute of Environmental Engineering,Peking University and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2005037032)
摘要Ti/Sb-SnO2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol. The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant. The electrodes, which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks, compared with Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant, which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface. However, the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant. No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion; while for those containing more Sb dopant, intermediate species were accumulated. The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm^2 for 180 min; and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%, respectively.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Innovative Research Group of China(No.51121003)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20110003110023)the special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control of China
摘要Electrochemicaldegradation of2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solutionwas investigated over Ti/SnO2-Sb anode. The factors influencing thedegradation rate, such as applied currentdensity (2-40 mA/cm2 ), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L)were evaluated. Thedegradation of2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. Thedegradation ratio on Ti/SnO2 -Sb anode attained 〉 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant currentdensity of 30 mA/cm2 with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4 ) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L)degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, thedegradation rate constant (k) and thedegradation half-life (t1/2 )were 0.21 min1 and (2.8 ± 0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) weredetected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for2,4-DCPdegradation (5-200 mg/L)with Ti/SnO2-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO2-Sb anodewith a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed todegrade chlorophenols, particularly2,4-DCP inwastewater.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51364024 and 51404124)Gansu Province Department of Education Fund (No. 2013A-029)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Nonferrous Metal Materials (Nos. SKL 1316 and SKL 1314)
摘要Ti/SnO2–Sb electrode has a good effect on the removal of organic pollutants. But its short service life limits its large-scale application in industry. Electro-catalytic degradation performances and service life of the electrode can be significantly improved by doping rare earth(RE) ions into the oxide coating of Ti/SnO2–Sb electrode. Ti/SnO2–Sb electrodes doped with different RE elements(Ce, Dy, La, and Eu) were prepared by the thermal decomposition method at 550 ℃. Electro-catalytic degradation performances of electrodes doped with different RE elements were evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry(LSV) and Tafel curves. During the electrolysis,the conversion of p-nitrophenol was performed with these electrodes as anodes under galvanostatic control. The structures and morphologies of the surface coating of the electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results demonstrate that the electro-catalytic degradation performances of Ti/SnO2–Sb electrodes are improved to different levels by doping different RE ions. Improved Ti/SnO2–Sb electrodes by the introduction of different RE have higher oxygen evolution potential, better electro-catalysis ability, better coverage,and longer electrode life.
基金the Fund of the Natural Science of Guangxi (0731015)
摘要Praseodymium was selected as a promoter for SnO2/Ti electrode to improve the electrocatalytic performance by electrodeposition in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment; the micrograph and the structure were characterized by SEM and XRD. Mixture uniform design was used in the optimization of the electrolytic conditions; mathematical model was established according to the rate of wiping COD off, which revealed the relationship between the current intensity, time of electrolysis, the amount of doped Pr, and the ratio of area (SnOJTi:Al). On the basis of the analysis of the empirical model, the optimized parameters had been obtained; the rate of wiping COD off was up to 94.9%, it decreased from 392 to 20 mg/L. Experimental results showed that the electrocatalytic performance of the electrode doped with Pr was superior for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.
基金supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2007AA03Z219)the Funding Project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality,and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.207001)
摘要Au-Pt/SnO2/GC composite electrode was prepared by self-assembling Au-Pt nanoparticles on SnO2 film,which was deposited on actived glassy carbon(GC).Atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images revealed that dense and uniform Au-Pt particles with 25-nm diameter were dispersed on SnO2 film.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results proved that there was an interaction between Au-Pt nanoparticles and SnO2 support.Electrochemical experiments showed that Au-Pt/SnOz/GC composite electrode had a good electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of methanol.
基金the program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT0547)
摘要CeO2-TiO2 films and CeO2-TiO/SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)double films were deposited on glass substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering(R.F.Sputtering),using SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)target,and CeO2-TiO2 targets with different molar ratio of CeO2 to TiO2(CeO2:TiO2-0:1.0;0.1:0.9;0.2:0.8;0.3:0.7;0.4:0.6;0.5:0.5;0.6:0.4;0.7:0.3;0.8:0.2;0.9:0.1;1.0:0).The films are characterized by UV-visible transmission and infrared reflection spectra,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively.The obtained results show that the amorphous phases composed of CeO2-TiO2 play an important role in absorbing UV,there are Ce^3-,Ce^4-and Ti^4-on the surface of the films;the glass substrates coated with CeO2-TiO2(Ce/Ti=0.5:0.5;0.6:0.4)/SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)double films show high absorbing UV(〉99),high visible light transmission(75%)and good infrared reflection(〉70%).The sheet resistance of the films is 30-50Ω/□.The glass substrates coated with the double functional films can be used as window glass of buildings,automobile and so on.