Zinc is common metal used for steel protection from corrosion.The addition of further element,such as Ni,can modify the corrosion rate and maintain sacrificial protection.The anodic dissolution behavior of Zn,Ni and Z...Zinc is common metal used for steel protection from corrosion.The addition of further element,such as Ni,can modify the corrosion rate and maintain sacrificial protection.The anodic dissolution behavior of Zn,Ni and Zn-Ni alloys with different Ni contents(from 0.5% to 10%,mass fraction) in 3.5% Na Cl solution was investigated using potentiodynamic,potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques.The composition and microstructure of the corrosion layer on Zn,Ni and Zn-Ni alloys were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis(EDX) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The galvanostatic curves show that the anodic behavior of all investigated electrodes exhibits active/passive transition and the tendency of the alloys to passivity decreases with the increase in Ni content,except for 99.5Zn-0.5Ni alloy.While the potentiodynamic curves exhibit active passive transition only for pure Zn.Surface analysis reveals the presence of oxides,chlorides and metal hydroxide chloride in corrosion products,and very small cracks are observed for 90Zn-10 Ni alloy compared with that of Zn.展开更多
Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analyt...Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.展开更多
1.Introductio n With the rapid development of automotive intelligent technologies,in-vehicle vision sensors have gained traction as essential components of intelligent driving systems,providing critical road condition...1.Introductio n With the rapid development of automotive intelligent technologies,in-vehicle vision sensors have gained traction as essential components of intelligent driving systems,providing critical road condition data,assisting driving decisions,and enabling autonomous driving functions.Compared with other in-vehicle perception sensors,vision sensors deliver more detailed and comprehensive environmental information,offering vital data to support intelligent driving decision-making and control[1].Therefore,the accuracy and reliability of visual perception directly influence the safety and performance of intelligent driving systems,making it a central factor in achieving truly intelligent and autonomous vehicles.Fig.1 illustrates the vision sensing in intelligent driving.展开更多
Seismic isolation design typically emphasizes transverse responses of tunnels,with comparatively limited research on longitudinal isolation responses.Previous analytical solutions for isolation response are inapplicab...Seismic isolation design typically emphasizes transverse responses of tunnels,with comparatively limited research on longitudinal isolation responses.Previous analytical solutions for isolation response are inapplicable to variable stiffness tunnels.To address research gaps,analytical solutions for longitudinal seismic responses of variable stiffness tunnels with isolation layers are proposed.The solution can be applied to engineering practice.The mechanical model of isolation layers is developed using the Kelvin model.The variable stiffness tunnel is simplified as two semi-infinite beams embedded in homogeneous and isotropic soil layers.Governing equations are solved using integral transformations and continuity conditions.Analytical expressions are obtained by introducing displacement phase angles to simulate traveling wave effects.The proposed analytical solutions are validated through comparisons with results from existing literature and verified using numerical simulations.Parametric sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate effects of tunnels with and without an isolation layer,isolation layer thickness and elastic modulus,tunnel stiffness ratio,and wavelength and amplitude of shear waves on seismic responses of variable stiffness tunnels.Changes in stiffness have a more significant effect on internal forces than displacements.Additionally,isolation layer's thickness and elastic modulus can be optimized through our method to balance structural performance and economic efficiency.展开更多
Simultaneously preparing sodium silicate solution with high modulus and obtaining aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio from activated roasting clinker is the key to a new method for clean utilization of coal fly...Simultaneously preparing sodium silicate solution with high modulus and obtaining aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio from activated roasting clinker is the key to a new method for clean utilization of coal fly ash.This study systematically investigates the leaching mechanism of SiO2 from activated roasting clinker in sodium silicate solution and proposes an optimized leaching process.The colloidal particles formed by the condensation of siloxane groups increase the diffusion resistance of the leaching agent in the capillary pores,and the SiO2 deep inside the pores is difficult to contact with the leaching agent,which is an important reason for the insufficient leaching of SiO2 in high modulus sodium silicate solution.A two-stage countercurrent leaching process proposed can simultaneously prepare sodium silicate solution with modulus greater than 2.5 and aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio exceeding 11.This work provides a potential application solution for the development of clean and economically feasible technologies for the utilization of fly ash.展开更多
In this study,FeCrxMnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by e...In this study,FeCrxMnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(Ecorr=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(Icorr=1.991×10−6A·cm−2),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr2O3content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.展开更多
To investigate the effect of solution treatment and aging process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TB18 titanium alloy,process optimization research was conducted based on the mixed-level ...To investigate the effect of solution treatment and aging process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TB18 titanium alloy,process optimization research was conducted based on the mixed-level orthogonal experiment design of factor levels.Results show that through range analysis,the significance order of process parameters is determined as follows:solution cooling method>solution temperature>aging time>aging temperature>solution time.Considering the strength-ductility matching and engineering application requirements,the benchmark parameters are selected as solution time of 1 h,solution cooling method of air cooling(AC),aging temperature of 525℃,and aging time of 4 h.Furthermore,the effects of solution temperature in the range of 790–870℃ on the impact toughness and micro-fracture characteristics of the alloy were studied.The results reveal that the larger the area of shear lip and fibrous zone,and the smaller the area of radiation zone,the better the toughness of the alloy.With the increase in solution temperature,the length of secondary cracks on the fracture surface increases,the number of dimples increases,and the toughness is enhanced.Based on the collaborative optimization of strength and toughness,the optimal heat treatment process for TB18 alloy is determined as 870℃/1 h,AC+525℃/4 h,AC.展开更多
Circumlunar abort trajectories constitute a vital contingency return strategy during the translunar phase of crewed lunar missions.This paper proposes a methodology for constructing the solution set of the circumlunar...Circumlunar abort trajectories constitute a vital contingency return strategy during the translunar phase of crewed lunar missions.This paper proposes a methodology for constructing the solution set of the circumlunar abort trajectory and leverages its advantageous properties to address the optimization design problem of abort trajectories.Initially,a solution set of all feasible abort trajectories,originating from an abort point on the nominal trajectory and complying with fundamental reentry constraints,is formulated through the introduction of two novel design parameters.Subsequently,the geometric characteristics of the solution set,as well as the distributional properties of key iterative constraint responses,including flight time and velocity increment,are analyzed.Finally,the characteristics exhibited in the solution set are employed to directly identify the design parameters of the abort trajectories with minimum flight time and velocity increment,thereby providing solutions to two distinct types of optimization problems.The simulation results for a variety of nominal trajectories,encompassing the reconstruction and redesign of the Apollo13 abort trajectory,validate the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to directly generate optimal abort trajectories.The method proposed in this paper investigates feasible abort trajectories from a global perspective,providing both a framework and convenience for mission planning and iterative optimization in abort trajectory design.展开更多
Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development...Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of-1.68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and-1.682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant-1),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.26-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.25-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.23-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant-1)and 8(times·d-1),0.18(L·plant-1)and 7(times·d-1),0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.49(L·plant-1)and 5(times·d-1),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.展开更多
Generalised reduced masses with a set of equations governing the three relative motions between two of 3-bodies in their gravitational field are established,of which the dynamic characteristics of 3-body dynamics,fund...Generalised reduced masses with a set of equations governing the three relative motions between two of 3-bodies in their gravitational field are established,of which the dynamic characteristics of 3-body dynamics,fundamental bases of this paper,are revealed.Based on these findings,an equivalent system is developed,which is a 2-body system with its total mass,constant angular momentum,kinetic and potential energies same as the total ones of three relative motions,so that it can be solved using the well-known theory of the 2-body system.From the solution of an equivalent system with the revealed characteristics of three relative motions,the general theoretical solutions of the 3-body system are obtained in the curve-integration forms along the orbits in the imaged radial motion space.The possible periodical orbits with generalised Kepler’s law are presented.Following the description and mathematical demonstrations of the proposed methods,the examples including Euler’s/Lagrange’s problems,and a reported numerical one are solved to validate the proposed methods.The methods derived from the 3-body system are extended to N-body problems.展开更多
This study reported the synthesis of magnetic solid solutions V2(AxBySn1-x-y)C(where A and B are Mn,Fe,or Co)MAX phases.These materials were prepared by incorporating magnetic elements into the V2SnC MAX p...This study reported the synthesis of magnetic solid solutions V2(AxBySn1-x-y)C(where A and B are Mn,Fe,or Co)MAX phases.These materials were prepared by incorporating magnetic elements into the V2SnC MAX phase via pressure-less sintering at 1000℃for 3 hours.XRD analysis reveals that the composition with x=y=0.2 exhibits a shift of diffraction peaks to higher angles,indicating lattice parameter changes,and achieves the highest phase purity with the maximum solid solution limit,further increases in the dopant content led to the formation of impurities.While the solid solution of magnetic elements preserves the characteristic layered structure of the MAX phase,it successfully induces magnetic properties.The magnetic transition temperatures for these solid solutions ranges from 61 to 200 K.Specifically,V2(MnxCoySn1-x-y)C demonstrated hard magnetic characteristics,with a high saturation magnetization(6.536 emu/g)and large remanence(4.236 emu/g).In contrast,V2(MnxFeySn1-x-y)C and V2(FexCoySn1-x-y)C exhibits soft magnetic behavior,evidenced by their narrow hysteresis loops and low coercivity.Their saturation magnetization values are 3.80 and 1.784 emu/g,respectively.The distinctly"S"-shaped hysteresis loop of V2(FexCoySn1-x-y)C further confirms its soft magnetic nature.展开更多
Heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials was a pervasive phenomenon in various engineering applications,such as nuclear waste repositories,energy piles,and abandoned oil wells.The incomplete contact between adjac...Heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials was a pervasive phenomenon in various engineering applications,such as nuclear waste repositories,energy piles,and abandoned oil wells.The incomplete contact between adjacent geomaterials will impede the heat transfer at interfaces,known as the interfacial thermal resistance effect.In this regard,a two-dimensional axisymmetric mathematical model for transient heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials with interfacial thermal resistance was established.Employing Green's function formalism,the thermal transport system was mathematically resolved through a closed-form analytical solution that provides continuum-level characterization of thermal evolution across all spatial-temporal coordinates.A numerical model for threelayered geomaterials and a benchmark test for double-layered geomaterials were constructed to verify the analytical solution.Finally,the solution was applied to simulate the temperature evolutions in a nuclear waste repository with three-and four-layered barrier systems with interfacial thermal resistance.The results indicated that the existence of interfacial thermal resistance caused heat accumulation at interfaces,thereby resulting in an increase in overall temperature within the repository.Moreover,the temperature rises in the bentonite block layer and bentonite granule layer were obviously greater than that in the surrounding rock.Due to the interfacial thermal resistance effect,a notable temperature difference was observed at the interfaces.Specifically,for every increment of 0.03(K m2)/W in interfacial thermal resistance,the temperature difference increased by 1.5℃.A comparative analysis of temperature fieldsin repositories with three-and four-layered barrier systems revealed that the gap between the canister and bentonite block significantlyaffects the peak temperature in the buffer layer.展开更多
This paper proposes the analytical solutions involving damping effects for the dynamic response of a simply supported thin-walled curved beam under uniformly variable two-axle moving loads in four directions:vertical,...This paper proposes the analytical solutions involving damping effects for the dynamic response of a simply supported thin-walled curved beam under uniformly variable two-axle moving loads in four directions:vertical,torsional,radial,and axial.The warping stiffness and damping of the thin-walled beam were comprehensively considered in the vibration control equations.Unlike traditional one-axle load cases,this study employs a more realistic two-axle vehicle load model.Based on the modal superposition method,the control vibration equations for thin-walled curved beams in-plane and out-ofplane under variable speed moving loads were solved using a combination of the Fourier sine transform method,the Galerkin method,and the Laplace transform method.Analytical solutions for the dynamic responses were derived in integral form,facilitating direct numerical computation.The proposed computational method’s effectiveness and accuracy were validated against published research.Subsequently,the dynamic responses of the thin-walled curved beam under one-axle and two-axle moving load models were compared,and the effects of initial load velocity,load acceleration,and center angle of the curved beam on the dynamic responses were investigated through extensive parameter research.The research results provide valuable insights into the structural behavior of thin-walled curved beams under the moving loading with variable speed.展开更多
In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of roc...In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.展开更多
Piezoelectric quasicrystals(PQCs),characterized by unique phonon-phason coupling and piezoelectric effects,exhibit significant potential for use in next-generation smart structural devices.However,their complex electr...Piezoelectric quasicrystals(PQCs),characterized by unique phonon-phason coupling and piezoelectric effects,exhibit significant potential for use in next-generation smart structural devices.However,their complex electrothermomechanical buckling behavior remains a challenging analytical problem.This paper presents a symplectic electrothermomechanical buckling model for two-dimensional(2D)decagonal PQC cylindrical shells.By using the symplectic mathematics and Donnell's thin shell theory,the governing buckling equations for axially compressed PQC cylindrical shells are reformulated into a Hamiltonian system.Consequently,the original buckling problem is transformed into a symplectic eigenproblem that can be solved directly,obviating the necessity of trial functions.By use of the symplectic eigenfunction expansion,analytical symplectic buckling equations are obtained,allowing the critical buckling loads and buckling mode shapes to be solved simultaneously.The results indicate that,in addition to the geometry,voltage,and temperature,the phonon-phason-electric coupling inherent in PQC materials significantly influences the critical buckling loads.These analytical results provide a reliable reference for validating other computational approaches.展开更多
The injection of substantial quantities of carbon dioxide into subsurface reservoirs may alter the stress state of geological formations,potentially reactivating pre-existing faults and triggering induced seismicity.C...The injection of substantial quantities of carbon dioxide into subsurface reservoirs may alter the stress state of geological formations,potentially reactivating pre-existing faults and triggering induced seismicity.Comprehensive hydromechanical coupling analytical approaches for predicting CO2 injectioninduced earthquakes remain underdeveloped.This study proposed an analytical solution for fullycoupled hydromechanical modeling of a saline aquifer due to CO2 injection and applied it to the assessment of fault-related seismicity induced by CO2 geological storage.Firstly,we derived the analytical solutions for pore pressure buildup and stress change,considering not only pore pressure diffusion but also poroelastic stressing and caprock stiffness.Then,we quantifiedthe relative seismicity rates from Coulomb failure stress change using Dieterich's rate-and-state seismicity model.Subsequently,we investigated the occurrence rates and exceedance probabilities of CO2 injection-induced earthquakes with different magnitudes according to a hybrid physical-statistical approach.Finally,we conducted a series of parametric studies to reveal the influenceof several factors on induced seismicity.The results demonstrate several key findings.First,the proposed analytical solutions showed good agreement with multiphysics multiphase numerical simulation.Second,the traditional pure-hydraulic diffusion model overestimated the relative seismicity rate compared to the fully-coupled hydromechanical poroelastic model under a normal faulting stress regime.Third,the newly presented formula for the radius of the perturbed region was appropriate in reflectingthe spatial-temporal evolution of seismicity rate.Finally,among the factors,the CO2 injection rate had the largest impact on the occurrence rate and exceedance probability of induced earthquakes.In summary,this study established a comprehensive framework for evaluating CO2 injection-induced seismicity according to fully-coupled hydromechanical analytical solutions.展开更多
This study investigates the dimensionless quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(QG-PV)equation with external sources.Employing the Gardner-Morikawa transformation and weakly nonlinear perturbation expansion,we derive ...This study investigates the dimensionless quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(QG-PV)equation with external sources.Employing the Gardner-Morikawa transformation and weakly nonlinear perturbation expansion,we derive the nonlinear Boussinesq equation with external sources.We demonstrate the existence of explicit zero-order and first-order Wronskian solutions for the model equation whenα4=0.Furthermore,using a modified Jacobi elliptic function method,we obtain soliton-like solutions for bothα4=0 andα4≠0.Analysis of these solutions reveals that the generalizedβ-plane approximation and shear flow are significant factors in inducing nonlinear Rossby waves,and that external sources play a crucial role in influencing Rossby wave behavior.展开更多
摘要Zinc is common metal used for steel protection from corrosion.The addition of further element,such as Ni,can modify the corrosion rate and maintain sacrificial protection.The anodic dissolution behavior of Zn,Ni and Zn-Ni alloys with different Ni contents(from 0.5% to 10%,mass fraction) in 3.5% Na Cl solution was investigated using potentiodynamic,potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques.The composition and microstructure of the corrosion layer on Zn,Ni and Zn-Ni alloys were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis(EDX) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The galvanostatic curves show that the anodic behavior of all investigated electrodes exhibits active/passive transition and the tendency of the alloys to passivity decreases with the increase in Ni content,except for 99.5Zn-0.5Ni alloy.While the potentiodynamic curves exhibit active passive transition only for pure Zn.Surface analysis reveals the presence of oxides,chlorides and metal hydroxide chloride in corrosion products,and very small cracks are observed for 90Zn-10 Ni alloy compared with that of Zn.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41941018)Shanghai Gaofeng Discipline Construction Funding.
摘要Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102438)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711803 and 2024T170482)the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility。
摘要1.Introductio n With the rapid development of automotive intelligent technologies,in-vehicle vision sensors have gained traction as essential components of intelligent driving systems,providing critical road condition data,assisting driving decisions,and enabling autonomous driving functions.Compared with other in-vehicle perception sensors,vision sensors deliver more detailed and comprehensive environmental information,offering vital data to support intelligent driving decision-making and control[1].Therefore,the accuracy and reliability of visual perception directly influence the safety and performance of intelligent driving systems,making it a central factor in achieving truly intelligent and autonomous vehicles.Fig.1 illustrates the vision sensing in intelligent driving.
基金Project(52108363)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2021M700654,2023T160074)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(2025BS0214)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China。
摘要Seismic isolation design typically emphasizes transverse responses of tunnels,with comparatively limited research on longitudinal isolation responses.Previous analytical solutions for isolation response are inapplicable to variable stiffness tunnels.To address research gaps,analytical solutions for longitudinal seismic responses of variable stiffness tunnels with isolation layers are proposed.The solution can be applied to engineering practice.The mechanical model of isolation layers is developed using the Kelvin model.The variable stiffness tunnel is simplified as two semi-infinite beams embedded in homogeneous and isotropic soil layers.Governing equations are solved using integral transformations and continuity conditions.Analytical expressions are obtained by introducing displacement phase angles to simulate traveling wave effects.The proposed analytical solutions are validated through comparisons with results from existing literature and verified using numerical simulations.Parametric sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate effects of tunnels with and without an isolation layer,isolation layer thickness and elastic modulus,tunnel stiffness ratio,and wavelength and amplitude of shear waves on seismic responses of variable stiffness tunnels.Changes in stiffness have a more significant effect on internal forces than displacements.Additionally,isolation layer's thickness and elastic modulus can be optimized through our method to balance structural performance and economic efficiency.
基金Project(52374362)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022YFC3900901)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China。
摘要Simultaneously preparing sodium silicate solution with high modulus and obtaining aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio from activated roasting clinker is the key to a new method for clean utilization of coal fly ash.This study systematically investigates the leaching mechanism of SiO2 from activated roasting clinker in sodium silicate solution and proposes an optimized leaching process.The colloidal particles formed by the condensation of siloxane groups increase the diffusion resistance of the leaching agent in the capillary pores,and the SiO2 deep inside the pores is difficult to contact with the leaching agent,which is an important reason for the insufficient leaching of SiO2 in high modulus sodium silicate solution.A two-stage countercurrent leaching process proposed can simultaneously prepare sodium silicate solution with modulus greater than 2.5 and aluminum concentrate with high Al/Si ratio exceeding 11.This work provides a potential application solution for the development of clean and economically feasible technologies for the utilization of fly ash.
基金Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Special Program(24ZDWA008)Fourth Batch of Top Leading Talents Fund Projects in Gansu Province(ZZ2023G50100013)。
摘要In this study,FeCrxMnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(Ecorr=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(Icorr=1.991×10−6A·cm−2),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr2O3content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52431001)。
摘要To investigate the effect of solution treatment and aging process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TB18 titanium alloy,process optimization research was conducted based on the mixed-level orthogonal experiment design of factor levels.Results show that through range analysis,the significance order of process parameters is determined as follows:solution cooling method>solution temperature>aging time>aging temperature>solution time.Considering the strength-ductility matching and engineering application requirements,the benchmark parameters are selected as solution time of 1 h,solution cooling method of air cooling(AC),aging temperature of 525℃,and aging time of 4 h.Furthermore,the effects of solution temperature in the range of 790–870℃ on the impact toughness and micro-fracture characteristics of the alloy were studied.The results reveal that the larger the area of shear lip and fibrous zone,and the smaller the area of radiation zone,the better the toughness of the alloy.With the increase in solution temperature,the length of secondary cracks on the fracture surface increases,the number of dimples increases,and the toughness is enhanced.Based on the collaborative optimization of strength and toughness,the optimal heat treatment process for TB18 alloy is determined as 870℃/1 h,AC+525℃/4 h,AC.
摘要Circumlunar abort trajectories constitute a vital contingency return strategy during the translunar phase of crewed lunar missions.This paper proposes a methodology for constructing the solution set of the circumlunar abort trajectory and leverages its advantageous properties to address the optimization design problem of abort trajectories.Initially,a solution set of all feasible abort trajectories,originating from an abort point on the nominal trajectory and complying with fundamental reentry constraints,is formulated through the introduction of two novel design parameters.Subsequently,the geometric characteristics of the solution set,as well as the distributional properties of key iterative constraint responses,including flight time and velocity increment,are analyzed.Finally,the characteristics exhibited in the solution set are employed to directly identify the design parameters of the abort trajectories with minimum flight time and velocity increment,thereby providing solutions to two distinct types of optimization problems.The simulation results for a variety of nominal trajectories,encompassing the reconstruction and redesign of the Apollo13 abort trajectory,validate the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to directly generate optimal abort trajectories.The method proposed in this paper investigates feasible abort trajectories from a global perspective,providing both a framework and convenience for mission planning and iterative optimization in abort trajectory design.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-D06)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2024NC2-GJHX-29 and 2024NC-ZDCYL-05-08)Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance Project(Grant No.LMZD202202).
摘要Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of-1.68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and-1.682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant-1),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.26-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.25-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.23-0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant-1)and 8(times·d-1),0.18(L·plant-1)and 7(times·d-1),0.30(L·plant-1)and 6(times·d-1),0.49(L·plant-1)and 5(times·d-1),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.
摘要Generalised reduced masses with a set of equations governing the three relative motions between two of 3-bodies in their gravitational field are established,of which the dynamic characteristics of 3-body dynamics,fundamental bases of this paper,are revealed.Based on these findings,an equivalent system is developed,which is a 2-body system with its total mass,constant angular momentum,kinetic and potential energies same as the total ones of three relative motions,so that it can be solved using the well-known theory of the 2-body system.From the solution of an equivalent system with the revealed characteristics of three relative motions,the general theoretical solutions of the 3-body system are obtained in the curve-integration forms along the orbits in the imaged radial motion space.The possible periodical orbits with generalised Kepler’s law are presented.Following the description and mathematical demonstrations of the proposed methods,the examples including Euler’s/Lagrange’s problems,and a reported numerical one are solved to validate the proposed methods.The methods derived from the 3-body system are extended to N-body problems.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(No.51302073)the Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry,Hubei University of Technology(No.202509B13)。
摘要This study reported the synthesis of magnetic solid solutions V2(AxBySn1-x-y)C(where A and B are Mn,Fe,or Co)MAX phases.These materials were prepared by incorporating magnetic elements into the V2SnC MAX phase via pressure-less sintering at 1000℃for 3 hours.XRD analysis reveals that the composition with x=y=0.2 exhibits a shift of diffraction peaks to higher angles,indicating lattice parameter changes,and achieves the highest phase purity with the maximum solid solution limit,further increases in the dopant content led to the formation of impurities.While the solid solution of magnetic elements preserves the characteristic layered structure of the MAX phase,it successfully induces magnetic properties.The magnetic transition temperatures for these solid solutions ranges from 61 to 200 K.Specifically,V2(MnxCoySn1-x-y)C demonstrated hard magnetic characteristics,with a high saturation magnetization(6.536 emu/g)and large remanence(4.236 emu/g).In contrast,V2(MnxFeySn1-x-y)C and V2(FexCoySn1-x-y)C exhibits soft magnetic behavior,evidenced by their narrow hysteresis loops and low coercivity.Their saturation magnetization values are 3.80 and 1.784 emu/g,respectively.The distinctly"S"-shaped hysteresis loop of V2(FexCoySn1-x-y)C further confirms its soft magnetic nature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52378354 and 12572457)the Talent Research Initiation Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology(Grant No.YKJ202323).
摘要Heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials was a pervasive phenomenon in various engineering applications,such as nuclear waste repositories,energy piles,and abandoned oil wells.The incomplete contact between adjacent geomaterials will impede the heat transfer at interfaces,known as the interfacial thermal resistance effect.In this regard,a two-dimensional axisymmetric mathematical model for transient heat conduction in multi-layered geomaterials with interfacial thermal resistance was established.Employing Green's function formalism,the thermal transport system was mathematically resolved through a closed-form analytical solution that provides continuum-level characterization of thermal evolution across all spatial-temporal coordinates.A numerical model for threelayered geomaterials and a benchmark test for double-layered geomaterials were constructed to verify the analytical solution.Finally,the solution was applied to simulate the temperature evolutions in a nuclear waste repository with three-and four-layered barrier systems with interfacial thermal resistance.The results indicated that the existence of interfacial thermal resistance caused heat accumulation at interfaces,thereby resulting in an increase in overall temperature within the repository.Moreover,the temperature rises in the bentonite block layer and bentonite granule layer were obviously greater than that in the surrounding rock.Due to the interfacial thermal resistance effect,a notable temperature difference was observed at the interfaces.Specifically,for every increment of 0.03(K m2)/W in interfacial thermal resistance,the temperature difference increased by 1.5℃.A comparative analysis of temperature fieldsin repositories with three-and four-layered barrier systems revealed that the gap between the canister and bentonite block significantlyaffects the peak temperature in the buffer layer.
基金supported by the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology(Grant No.HSR202302).
摘要This paper proposes the analytical solutions involving damping effects for the dynamic response of a simply supported thin-walled curved beam under uniformly variable two-axle moving loads in four directions:vertical,torsional,radial,and axial.The warping stiffness and damping of the thin-walled beam were comprehensively considered in the vibration control equations.Unlike traditional one-axle load cases,this study employs a more realistic two-axle vehicle load model.Based on the modal superposition method,the control vibration equations for thin-walled curved beams in-plane and out-ofplane under variable speed moving loads were solved using a combination of the Fourier sine transform method,the Galerkin method,and the Laplace transform method.Analytical solutions for the dynamic responses were derived in integral form,facilitating direct numerical computation.The proposed computational method’s effectiveness and accuracy were validated against published research.Subsequently,the dynamic responses of the thin-walled curved beam under one-axle and two-axle moving load models were compared,and the effects of initial load velocity,load acceleration,and center angle of the curved beam on the dynamic responses were investigated through extensive parameter research.The research results provide valuable insights into the structural behavior of thin-walled curved beams under the moving loading with variable speed.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2024ZD1700201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2034206,51974014 and 51574014)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515011631)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFC3004601)。
摘要In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12572101 and 12502105)the Fundamental Research Funds for Undergraduate Universities of Liaoning Province of China(Nos.LJ212510152007,LJBKY2024033,and LJBKY2025008)the Science and Technology Plan Joint Program of Liaoning Province of China(the Natural Science Foundation-Doctoral Research Launch Project)(No.2024-BSLH-027).
摘要Piezoelectric quasicrystals(PQCs),characterized by unique phonon-phason coupling and piezoelectric effects,exhibit significant potential for use in next-generation smart structural devices.However,their complex electrothermomechanical buckling behavior remains a challenging analytical problem.This paper presents a symplectic electrothermomechanical buckling model for two-dimensional(2D)decagonal PQC cylindrical shells.By using the symplectic mathematics and Donnell's thin shell theory,the governing buckling equations for axially compressed PQC cylindrical shells are reformulated into a Hamiltonian system.Consequently,the original buckling problem is transformed into a symplectic eigenproblem that can be solved directly,obviating the necessity of trial functions.By use of the symplectic eigenfunction expansion,analytical symplectic buckling equations are obtained,allowing the critical buckling loads and buckling mode shapes to be solved simultaneously.The results indicate that,in addition to the geometry,voltage,and temperature,the phonon-phason-electric coupling inherent in PQC materials significantly influences the critical buckling loads.These analytical results provide a reliable reference for validating other computational approaches.
基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2344226)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0128300)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4104100).
摘要The injection of substantial quantities of carbon dioxide into subsurface reservoirs may alter the stress state of geological formations,potentially reactivating pre-existing faults and triggering induced seismicity.Comprehensive hydromechanical coupling analytical approaches for predicting CO2 injectioninduced earthquakes remain underdeveloped.This study proposed an analytical solution for fullycoupled hydromechanical modeling of a saline aquifer due to CO2 injection and applied it to the assessment of fault-related seismicity induced by CO2 geological storage.Firstly,we derived the analytical solutions for pore pressure buildup and stress change,considering not only pore pressure diffusion but also poroelastic stressing and caprock stiffness.Then,we quantifiedthe relative seismicity rates from Coulomb failure stress change using Dieterich's rate-and-state seismicity model.Subsequently,we investigated the occurrence rates and exceedance probabilities of CO2 injection-induced earthquakes with different magnitudes according to a hybrid physical-statistical approach.Finally,we conducted a series of parametric studies to reveal the influenceof several factors on induced seismicity.The results demonstrate several key findings.First,the proposed analytical solutions showed good agreement with multiphysics multiphase numerical simulation.Second,the traditional pure-hydraulic diffusion model overestimated the relative seismicity rate compared to the fully-coupled hydromechanical poroelastic model under a normal faulting stress regime.Third,the newly presented formula for the radius of the perturbed region was appropriate in reflectingthe spatial-temporal evolution of seismicity rate.Finally,among the factors,the CO2 injection rate had the largest impact on the occurrence rate and exceedance probability of induced earthquakes.In summary,this study established a comprehensive framework for evaluating CO2 injection-induced seismicity according to fully-coupled hydromechanical analytical solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12362027)the Scientific Research Ability of Youth Teachers of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Grant No.BR230110)+3 种基金Inner Mongolia National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.2025YQ033)Foundation for Basic Science Research Initiation at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Grant No.JC2021001)The Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2025MS01020)Supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Science and Technology Program Projects of Hohhot(2025-rule-basic-60).
摘要This study investigates the dimensionless quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(QG-PV)equation with external sources.Employing the Gardner-Morikawa transformation and weakly nonlinear perturbation expansion,we derive the nonlinear Boussinesq equation with external sources.We demonstrate the existence of explicit zero-order and first-order Wronskian solutions for the model equation whenα4=0.Furthermore,using a modified Jacobi elliptic function method,we obtain soliton-like solutions for bothα4=0 andα4≠0.Analysis of these solutions reveals that the generalizedβ-plane approximation and shear flow are significant factors in inducing nonlinear Rossby waves,and that external sources play a crucial role in influencing Rossby wave behavior.