The mechanical properties of rigid insulation tile(RIT)materials at elevated temperatures(700~1000℃)were studied through compression tests and the digital image correlation(DIC)method.To reduce measurement error in a...The mechanical properties of rigid insulation tile(RIT)materials at elevated temperatures(700~1000℃)were studied through compression tests and the digital image correlation(DIC)method.To reduce measurement error in a thermal environment,an image gradient zero-mean normalized cross-correlation algorithm(ZNCCGI)was added to the DIC algorithm.The DIC algorithm was verified via RIT material mechanical tests at room temperature.Furthermore,the compressive stress–strain curves and Young's modulus of RIT materials at elevated temperatures were obtained.The experimental results show that the Young's modulus of RIT materials significantly increased at 800℃.Moreover,the compressive yield strength was significantly improved at 800℃,which resulted in a random distribution of ceramic fibers and viscous flow deformation at elevated temperatures.Scanning electron microscope analysis demonstrated that the compressive damage occurs due to the breaking of ceramic fibers.展开更多
Defect engineering holds great promise for tailoring the multifunctional properties of MXenes.However,quantitative correlations between defect and material performance remain largely unexplored due to the lack of a re...Defect engineering holds great promise for tailoring the multifunctional properties of MXenes.However,quantitative correlations between defect and material performance remain largely unexplored due to the lack of a reliable strategy to precisely control defect densities.Here,we demonstrate that the defect density of Ti3C2Tx MXenes—including titanium and carbon vacancies,substitutional oxygen defects,and the associated lattice strain—is precisely controlled by adjusting carbon stoichiometry during TiC precursor synthesis and aluminum content during Ti3AlC2 MAX formation.The defect densities propagate from precursors to final MXenes,enabling the fabrication of a series of Ti3C2Tx MXenes with systematically controlled defect densities.This allows a quantitative correlation between defect density and multifunctional properties including electrical and thermal conductivities,infrared emissivity,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness,Joule heating performance,and oxidation stability.The defect-minimized Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibits outstanding performance,with an electrical conductivity of 26,000 S cm−1,thermal conductivity of 57 W m−1 K−1,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 90.5 dB at 10μm,Joule heating performance of 263℃ at 1.5 V,ultralow infrared emissivity of 0.05,and superior oxidation resistance(activation energy of 72 kJ mol−1).Furthermore,this work establishes a comprehensive quantitative framework linking defect structure to multifunctional performance and stability.展开更多
Detecting the correlation between records is a basic task in data science.Today,researchers try to estimate it from an objective perspective;i.e.,they try to remain outside the investigated system and adopt a set of m...Detecting the correlation between records is a basic task in data science.Today,researchers try to estimate it from an objective perspective;i.e.,they try to remain outside the investigated system and adopt a set of measures representing all the agents precisely and completely.This enables them to answer the questions,‘how often’,‘how many’,or‘what is the relationship between variables’.In reality,the researcher is usually an agent in the investigated system;they themselves design the metrics for the system's state to answer the questions of‘how’and‘why’.In other words,the researcher conducts the investigation from a subjective perspective.Inspired by qualitative research in social science,in this paper we propose a scheme for investigating complex systems from a subjective perspective.Technically,one decomposes the researcher's output time series into intrinsic mode functions that represent their specific features.Projecting all the agents'time series onto the phase space spanned by this set of specific features,one obtains the coordinates of the agents,from which a similarity network is constructed.The properties of this network are then used to produce a portrait of the system's correlation from the researcher's perspective.As typical examples,we investigate three theoretical models,including the Lorenz system,the Rossler system,and their coupled systems.Although Takens's theorem implies that different variables should be equivalent in reconstructing the dynamical behaviors,we find significant differences between them.We also investigate a financial system composed of 22 stock markets,one crude oil market,and one gold market.The similarity networks for markets distributed across the USA,Europe,and China turn out to be largely homogeneous and dominated by star patterns,while those corresponding to markets distributed across Russia,Brazil,India,and South Africa behave inhomogeneously and are dominated by cluster patterns.展开更多
To address the demand for sub-100-nm overlay accuracy in wafer bonding for 3D integration,this study proposes an extended overlay assessment model integrating physical mechanisms and data-driven approaches,along with ...To address the demand for sub-100-nm overlay accuracy in wafer bonding for 3D integration,this study proposes an extended overlay assessment model integrating physical mechanisms and data-driven approaches,along with a correlation analysis methodology with process parameters.Rigid-body models inadequately characterize systematic deformations from crystalline anisotropy and process stresses.To overcome this,we construct an extended overlay model based on Zernike polynomials,incorporating physically meaningful terms for precise description of non-uniform wafer deformation.An innovative Zernike term selection strategy combining physics-guided pre-screening and AIC-optimized stepwise regression resolves overfitting/underfitting,enhancing generalizability and interpretability.Validation using patterned wafer geometry(PWG)data shows the model achieves R2>0.70 for both net bonding deformation and lithography-compensable components,demonstrating excellent deformation decomposition.Correlation analysis of multiple process experiments reveals strong correlations(|r|>0.85)between key process parameters(e.g.,peak bonding head force)and specific Zernike modes,providing evidence for suppressing detrimental deformations via process optimization.This research establishes a complete framework from theory to experimental verification and process traceability,laying a foundation for mechanism diagnosis,predictive compensation,and closed-loop control in high-precision wafer bonding.展开更多
The energy correlations of prompt fission neutrons have not yet been considered in the related coincidence and multiplication measurement techniques.To measure and verify the energy correlations,an experiment was perf...The energy correlations of prompt fission neutrons have not yet been considered in the related coincidence and multiplication measurement techniques.To measure and verify the energy correlations,an experiment was performed with a total measurement duration of approximately 1200 h.In the experiment,eight CLYC detectors and sixteen EJ309 liquid scintillation detectors were utilized,and the fission moment was tagged with the measured fissionγ-rays.The relative ratios of the energy spectra of the neutrons correlated with different energy neutrons to the252Cf fission neutron energy spectra were obtained.The present results may be helpful for studying fission physics and nuclear technology applications.展开更多
Rapid inference of a seismic wavefield is essential for disaster assessment and emergency rescue.Interpolation methods based on observed strong motion recordings,supported by dense seismic networks,provide a computati...Rapid inference of a seismic wavefield is essential for disaster assessment and emergency rescue.Interpolation methods based on observed strong motion recordings,supported by dense seismic networks,provide a computationally efficient alternative to traditional numerical simulations.However,these purely mathematical approaches fail to account for the physical processes of source rupture and wave propagation,as well as the spatial correlation and nonstationarity of frequency content in ground motion,thereby lacking physical interpretability.This study presents a rapid seismic wavefield inference method that incorporates the spatial correlation and nonstationarity of ground motion.We introduce a spatial correlation factor into the inverse-proportional-weighted interpolation method to infer the ground-motion Fourier amplitude spectra(FAS)at un-instrumented sites,using the FAS of nearby observed recordings.Furthermore,we apply an equivalent group velocity model to derive the ground-motion phase spectra,which are combined with the interpolated FAS to generate nonstationary ground-motion time histories.Verification results from an actual earthquake case indicate that the inferred FAS within the 0.1-25.0 Hz frequency band and ground-motion intensity measures are generally consistent with observed values.This study modestly improves the accuracy of seismic wavefield interpolation and offers a mechanistic basis for conventional mathematical interpolation methods from the perspective of engineering seismology.展开更多
Understanding the properties of warm dense hydrogen is of key importance for the modeling of compact astrophysical objects and to understand and further optimize inertial confinement fusion applications.The workhorse ...Understanding the properties of warm dense hydrogen is of key importance for the modeling of compact astrophysical objects and to understand and further optimize inertial confinement fusion applications.The workhorse of warm dense matter theory is thermal density functional theory(DFT),which,however,suffers from two limitations:(i)its accuracy can depend on the utilized exchange-correlation functional,which has to be approximated,and(ii)it is generally limited to single-electron properties such as the density distribution.Here,we present a new ansatz combining time-dependent DFT results for the dynamic structure factor See(q,ω)with static DFT results for the density response.This allows us to estimate the electron-electron static structure factor See(q)of warm dense hydrogen with high accuracy over a broad range of densities and temperatures.In addition to its value for the study of warm dense matter,our work opens up new avenues for the future study of electronic correlations exclusively within the framework of DFT for a host of applications.展开更多
The flow of molten steel at the solidification front in a continuous casting mold has a significant impact on slab quality.However,due to the high temperature and opacity of the mold,direct velocity measurements are e...The flow of molten steel at the solidification front in a continuous casting mold has a significant impact on slab quality.However,due to the high temperature and opacity of the mold,direct velocity measurements are extremely challenging.The functional relationship between flow speed at the solidification front and the temperature of the outer surface of the solidified shell is derived heat conduction equations.Subsequently,a coupled flow-heat transfer-solidification model for the mold is developed to numerically determine the flow speed and temperature distribution.Based on thermocouple installation positions and the impingement point location of the molten steel jet on the narrow face of the mold,33 sampling points are selected along both the narrow/wide face centerline and corresponding heights at the solidification front.Finally,the flow speed at the solidification front is fitted as a function of the outer surface temperature of solidified shell and the distance from the meniscus,with detailed analysis of its distribution characteristics.展开更多
The octupole correlations of the Kπ=5/2+ground state and the rotational spectrum built on it in229Th are studied using the microscopic relativistic density functional theory on a three-dimensional lattice sp...The octupole correlations of the Kπ=5/2+ground state and the rotational spectrum built on it in229Th are studied using the microscopic relativistic density functional theory on a three-dimensional lattice space and the reflection-asymmetric triaxial particle rotor model.It is found that229Th has a ground state with static axial octupole and quadrupole deformations.The occurrence of octupole correlations,driven by the octupole deformation,is analyzed through the evolution of single-particle levels around the Fermi surface.The experimental energy spectrum and the electromagnetic transition probabilities,including B(E2)and B(M1),are reasonably well reproduced.展开更多
This study proposes a method for determining earthquake focal depths by combining the sPn phase with the waveform cross-correlation technique,based on waveform data recorded by the Fujian Seismic Network from the 2024...This study proposes a method for determining earthquake focal depths by combining the sPn phase with the waveform cross-correlation technique,based on waveform data recorded by the Fujian Seismic Network from the 2024 M 7.3 Hualien offshore earthquake and the 2025 M 6.2 Tainan earthquake.The Pn phase onset was precisely aligned using waveform cross-correlation,and the arrival time difference(Δt)between the sPn and Pn phases was extracted via a sliding time-window correlation method.The focal depths were derived using a layered velocity model for the Taiwan region.Results show that the calculated focal depth for the Hualien earthquake is 23.1 km(Δt=6.9 s),with a relative error of 2.7%compared to the official result(22.5 km)from the Central Weather Administration of Taiwan.For the Tainan earthquake,the depth is 17.9 km(Δt=6.1 s),with a relative error of 13.3%.In this study,we show that a cross-correlation threshold of 0.8 and a bandpass filtering of 0.1–0.3 Hz are efficient to suppress noise and significantly improve depth accuracy for shallow earthquakes with depth<30 km.Compared to traditional travel-time location methods,this approach exhibits superior noise resistance and computational efficiency.Future work will focus on optimizing 3D velocity structures,integrating multiple phases,and applying deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks,aiming to improve the results in a more reliable and automatic way,and to provide efficient support on earthquake emergency response.展开更多
Traffic Flow Forecasting(TFF)is a foundational task in the development of Intelligent Transport Systems(ITSs).The primary challenge is to undertake a comprehensive exploration of the intrinsic dynamic spatiotemporal c...Traffic Flow Forecasting(TFF)is a foundational task in the development of Intelligent Transport Systems(ITSs).The primary challenge is to undertake a comprehensive exploration of the intrinsic dynamic spatiotemporal correlations of the road network,unveiling the long-term evolutionary traffic trends.Furthermore,most existing methods often solely depend on the single traffic condition and neglect the enhancement of correlated features collected from traffic sensors in prediction.To this end,we propose a dynamic correlation-information-fusion-based(DCIF)spatiotemporal network for TFF,which models the spatiotemporal correlations of road networks,thereby effectively capturing dynamically changing characteristics.Specifically,a spatiotemporal feature enhancement(STFE)mechanism is employed to capture the directional and location-aware characteristics of traffic flow,thereby enhancing the representation of traffic flow and the capability of spatiotemporal feature extraction.Then,a gated attention unit(GAU)is constructed to meticulously extract the deep dynamic trends inherent within traffic data.Finally,a dynamic feature matrix(DFM)is formulated,incorporating spatial graph convolution to provide comprehensive semantic contextual information.The DFM captures the dynamic topology of the deeper feature network in real time by fusing spatial node information and traffic speed features as correlation information.Extensive experiments demonstrate that DCIF significantly outperforms other baselines in prediction accuracy,thereby further substantiating its validity and reliability in TFF.展开更多
Ironmaking process(IP)is indispensable to modern iron and steel industry,where real-time monitoring is crucial for achieving high molten iron quality(MIQ)with low energy consumption.While neural network-based models s...Ironmaking process(IP)is indispensable to modern iron and steel industry,where real-time monitoring is crucial for achieving high molten iron quality(MIQ)with low energy consumption.While neural network-based models show some promising results,they are generally limited by non-negligible drawbacks such as interpretability issues of feature learning.To address these issues,we propose a novel concept based on the shallow-to-deep correlation network representation regression(Sh-to-De CNRR).Our approach,shallow correlation network representation regression(ShCNRR),combines neural network and canonical correlation analysis thoughts to generate explainable features via shallow correlation network representation(CNR).A twin inverse network is then derived to obtain the explicit model output,leveraging the shallow CNR.To capture deeper nonlinear information,we extend ShCNRR into a hierarchical deep correlation network representation regression(DeCNRR)model that features stacked neural networks,enabling us to learn deeper CNR from process data.The feasibility and advantages of our proposals are validated by theoretical derivations and practical IP cases,which contain one MIQ regression and three MIQ-related fault detection tasks.The results reveal that highly fused statistical and neural network models yield superior monitoring performance compared to current state-of-the-art models,while statistical tests verify the convincing feature mining.展开更多
An important feature of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)is that the strong force grows as the distance between partons increases,which confines partons into hadrons,commonly known as QCD confinement.Perturbative QCD(pQCD)d...An important feature of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)is that the strong force grows as the distance between partons increases,which confines partons into hadrons,commonly known as QCD confinement.Perturbative QCD(pQCD)does not work at large distance,such as the length scale of a hadron,which is the regime of non-perturbative QCD.The detailed QCD mechanisms through which confinement occurs from partons to hadrons(usually known as hadronization),and how it manifests itself in partonic structure of hadrons(usually known as parton distribution),remain unresolved puzzles of first-principle QCD calculations.展开更多
The ISRM-suggested Brazilian disc(BD)test using split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)for dynamic rock tensile strength requires central crack initiation and stress equilibrium.This study aims to re-evaluate the critical ...The ISRM-suggested Brazilian disc(BD)test using split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)for dynamic rock tensile strength requires central crack initiation and stress equilibrium.This study aims to re-evaluate the critical strain rate,ensuring a valid dynamic Brazilian disc test,and to analyse the reliable dynamic tensile behaviour of granite using high-speed digital image correlation(DIC).The comparison between the measured strain obtained through high-speed DIC analysis and the strain gauge allowed for determining the optimal subset parameters used to obtain the real-time deformation field and the stress-strain curve from DIC data.Crack initiation,crack velocity,and failure process are studied to reveal the rate dependence of granites.A unified dynamic increase factor(DIF)model is proposed for the tensile strength of rocks,and the reason for the sudden drop in DIF for high strain rates is discussed.The results reveal that the upper limit of the valid strain rate,which ensures the validity of the ISRM-suggested dynamic BD test,is co-determined by the conditions of stress equilibrium and crack initiation from the centre of the disc.At higher strain rates(75 s⁻¹),BD test results fail to capture the actual tensile behaviour of rocks,and the potential factors influencing the critical valid strain rate(CVSr),such as sample radius and boundary crack length,should also be considered.展开更多
Ferroelectricity,typically arising from ionic displacements in noncentrosymmetric lattices,enables applications in memory devices and sensors.Recent advances in two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostruct...Ferroelectricity,typically arising from ionic displacements in noncentrosymmetric lattices,enables applications in memory devices and sensors.Recent advances in two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures have revealed novel ferroelectric phenome-na,including sliding ferroelectricity and correlation-driven ferroelectricity in moirésuperlattices.In this work,we fabricate and study a MoS2/WSe2 moirésuperlattice device exhibiting a high field-effect mobility of 17650 cm2·V−1·s−1.Electrical transport measurements reveal correlated insulating states accompanied by a prominent and reproducible resistance hysteresis near half-filling.Temperature and displacement field dependence further confirms the correlation-enhanced nature of the hysteresis.Our analysis suggests that displace-ment field-induced metal-to-insulator transition at correlated insulating state coupled with interfacial dipoles enables the observed resistance hysteresis.These results establish correlation enhanced resistance hysteresis near half-filling in a MoS2/WSe2 heterobilayer,offering opportunities for exploring emergent quantum phases and device functionalities.展开更多
We report thermodynamic properties,including equation of state,principal Hugoniot,heat capacity,and Grüneisen parameter,for beryllium under density-temperature conditions of ρ=3.0-9.0 g/cm3 and T=5-10000 eV,u...We report thermodynamic properties,including equation of state,principal Hugoniot,heat capacity,and Grüneisen parameter,for beryllium under density-temperature conditions of ρ=3.0-9.0 g/cm3 and T=5-10000 eV,using an extended first-principles molecular dynamics method together with finite-temperature exchange-correlation functionals.Compared with zero-temperature exchange-correlation models,our results exhibit appreciable differences of about 3%in modeling the equation of state.Thermal excitations of K-shell electrons,delocalization of wave functions,and the merging of energy bands for beryllium along the Hugoniot curve are also presented.In addition to the application of these thermodynamic data to inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics,our results may also serve as useful benchmarks for investigating thermal exchange-correlation effects on thermodynamic properties of warm dense matter,and further help to elucidate the mechanisms of inner-shell electron excitation.展开更多
For moderately/strongly coupled plasmas,modeling of the electron screening effect remains an unresolved problem,owing to the complicated many-body correlations among the surrounding electrons and ions.In this work,we ...For moderately/strongly coupled plasmas,modeling of the electron screening effect remains an unresolved problem,owing to the complicated many-body correlations among the surrounding electrons and ions.In this work,we investigate the ion correlation effect on electron screening of moderately coupled plasmas using an atomic-state-dependent electron-screening model.It is found that the electron density around a target ion is significantly enhanced by the ion correlation effect from surrounding ions.By considering this ion correlation effect,the electron density fluctuation induced by the target ion becomes non-spherically symmetric,which causes traditional electron screening models to underestimate the screening effects,especially for moderately/strongly coupled and weakly degenerate plasmas.The present model and findings are validated by molecular dynamics simulations of moderately coupled ultracold neutral plasmas.For moderately coupled plasmas,the Coulomb logarithm is found to decrease by about 10%-30% owing to the ion correlation effect,which should be considered when modeling plasma effects on atomic processes,radiation transport,and thermodynamic properties.展开更多
The violation of the charge-parity(CP)transformation symmetry,which has been observed in numerous pure meson decay processes,was only confirmed very recently by the LHCb collaboration in the four-body decay of the hea...The violation of the charge-parity(CP)transformation symmetry,which has been observed in numerous pure meson decay processes,was only confirmed very recently by the LHCb collaboration in the four-body decay of the heavy baryonΛb0,Λb0→pK−π+π−,through a comparison of the decay branching ratio with that of the CP-conjugate process.However,the detailed dynamics behind this CP asymme-try is obviously far from clear.We propose a formalism for the full analysis of the decay angular correlations in four-body cascade decays of heavy hadrons which can provide more information about the CP violation in these decays.To illustrate this,we apply the decay angular correlation analysis of CP violation to another four-body decay channel that involves baryons,B0→ppK+π−,which has also been investigated by the LHCb collaboration with no evidence of CP violation being found.Surprisingly,based on a simple assumption on the statistical errors,and with the event yield extracted inversely from the published data of LHCb,we obtain non-zero CP asymme-tries of about 10%corresponding to the decay angular correlations,which are considerably larger than the CP asymmetries observed in theΛb0→pK−π+π−channel.We recommend that experimental collaborations conduct comprehensive decay angular correlation analyses of CP violation in four-body decays of heavy hadrons,including the two channels discussed above.展开更多
Correlation describes a relationship between two variables,where a change in one is associated with a change in the other,but it does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.Causation,by contrast,means that a change...Correlation describes a relationship between two variables,where a change in one is associated with a change in the other,but it does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.Causation,by contrast,means that a change in one variable directly pro-duces or influences a change in the other.The well-known principle that“correlation does not imply causation”under-scores that two events occurring together do not necessarily indicate that one causes the other-both could be influenced by a third,unobserved factor.展开更多
Programmable two-particle quantum walks are crucial for advancing quantum simulation,computation,and information processing.Although disorder is traditionally associated with information loss,it can also facilitate em...Programmable two-particle quantum walks are crucial for advancing quantum simulation,computation,and information processing.Although disorder is traditionally associated with information loss,it can also facilitate emergent phenomena such as enhanced energy transport.Here,we experimentally realize a 12-step discrete-time quantum walk in programmable integrated photonic circuits,introducing tunable static and dynamic disorder to explore quantum transport dynamics.In periodic lattices,disorder induces light localization and drives a transition from quantum ballistic to classical diffusive behavior.In particular,quantum walks of correlated photons exhibit a disorder-induced bunching effect,accompanied by enhanced nonclassical correlations.Our platform provides a scalable framework for investigating multiparticle quantum dynamics in engineered environments,promoting the development of quantum optics toward large-scale applications.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12472210 and 11902046)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2023-JC-YB-031)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2021T140635 and 2020M673580XB)contributed financially to this study.
摘要The mechanical properties of rigid insulation tile(RIT)materials at elevated temperatures(700~1000℃)were studied through compression tests and the digital image correlation(DIC)method.To reduce measurement error in a thermal environment,an image gradient zero-mean normalized cross-correlation algorithm(ZNCCGI)was added to the DIC algorithm.The DIC algorithm was verified via RIT material mechanical tests at room temperature.Furthermore,the compressive stress–strain curves and Young's modulus of RIT materials at elevated temperatures were obtained.The experimental results show that the Young's modulus of RIT materials significantly increased at 800℃.Moreover,the compressive yield strength was significantly improved at 800℃,which resulted in a random distribution of ceramic fibers and viscous flow deformation at elevated temperatures.Scanning electron microscope analysis demonstrated that the compressive damage occurs due to the breaking of ceramic fibers.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program(RS-2025-02215065,2021M3H4A1A03047327,2022R1A2C3006227)established by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning(MSIT)the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST),funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(CRC22031-000)+3 种基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)through the International Cooperative R&D program(P0028332)National Research Foundation of Korea’s Brain Korea 21 FOUR Postdoctoral Research Program established by the School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering,Sungkyunkwan University(2025)supported by a National Research Council of Science&Technology grant from the Government of the Republic of Korea(Ministry of Science and ICT,No.CAP22072-101)supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute(National Research Facilities and Equipment Center)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2025-02308784).
摘要Defect engineering holds great promise for tailoring the multifunctional properties of MXenes.However,quantitative correlations between defect and material performance remain largely unexplored due to the lack of a reliable strategy to precisely control defect densities.Here,we demonstrate that the defect density of Ti3C2Tx MXenes—including titanium and carbon vacancies,substitutional oxygen defects,and the associated lattice strain—is precisely controlled by adjusting carbon stoichiometry during TiC precursor synthesis and aluminum content during Ti3AlC2 MAX formation.The defect densities propagate from precursors to final MXenes,enabling the fabrication of a series of Ti3C2Tx MXenes with systematically controlled defect densities.This allows a quantitative correlation between defect density and multifunctional properties including electrical and thermal conductivities,infrared emissivity,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness,Joule heating performance,and oxidation stability.The defect-minimized Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibits outstanding performance,with an electrical conductivity of 26,000 S cm−1,thermal conductivity of 57 W m−1 K−1,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 90.5 dB at 10μm,Joule heating performance of 263℃ at 1.5 V,ultralow infrared emissivity of 0.05,and superior oxidation resistance(activation energy of 72 kJ mol−1).Furthermore,this work establishes a comprehensive quantitative framework linking defect structure to multifunctional performance and stability.
摘要Detecting the correlation between records is a basic task in data science.Today,researchers try to estimate it from an objective perspective;i.e.,they try to remain outside the investigated system and adopt a set of measures representing all the agents precisely and completely.This enables them to answer the questions,‘how often’,‘how many’,or‘what is the relationship between variables’.In reality,the researcher is usually an agent in the investigated system;they themselves design the metrics for the system's state to answer the questions of‘how’and‘why’.In other words,the researcher conducts the investigation from a subjective perspective.Inspired by qualitative research in social science,in this paper we propose a scheme for investigating complex systems from a subjective perspective.Technically,one decomposes the researcher's output time series into intrinsic mode functions that represent their specific features.Projecting all the agents'time series onto the phase space spanned by this set of specific features,one obtains the coordinates of the agents,from which a similarity network is constructed.The properties of this network are then used to produce a portrait of the system's correlation from the researcher's perspective.As typical examples,we investigate three theoretical models,including the Lorenz system,the Rossler system,and their coupled systems.Although Takens's theorem implies that different variables should be equivalent in reconstructing the dynamical behaviors,we find significant differences between them.We also investigate a financial system composed of 22 stock markets,one crude oil market,and one gold market.The similarity networks for markets distributed across the USA,Europe,and China turn out to be largely homogeneous and dominated by star patterns,while those corresponding to markets distributed across Russia,Brazil,India,and South Africa behave inhomogeneously and are dominated by cluster patterns.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105578)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2017ZX02102004)。
摘要To address the demand for sub-100-nm overlay accuracy in wafer bonding for 3D integration,this study proposes an extended overlay assessment model integrating physical mechanisms and data-driven approaches,along with a correlation analysis methodology with process parameters.Rigid-body models inadequately characterize systematic deformations from crystalline anisotropy and process stresses.To overcome this,we construct an extended overlay model based on Zernike polynomials,incorporating physically meaningful terms for precise description of non-uniform wafer deformation.An innovative Zernike term selection strategy combining physics-guided pre-screening and AIC-optimized stepwise regression resolves overfitting/underfitting,enhancing generalizability and interpretability.Validation using patterned wafer geometry(PWG)data shows the model achieves R2>0.70 for both net bonding deformation and lithography-compensable components,demonstrating excellent deformation decomposition.Correlation analysis of multiple process experiments reveals strong correlations(|r|>0.85)between key process parameters(e.g.,peak bonding head force)and specific Zernike modes,providing evidence for suppressing detrimental deformations via process optimization.This research establishes a complete framework from theory to experimental verification and process traceability,laying a foundation for mechanism diagnosis,predictive compensation,and closed-loop control in high-precision wafer bonding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12105257)the Research and Development Fund(No.JMJJ202401)。
摘要The energy correlations of prompt fission neutrons have not yet been considered in the related coincidence and multiplication measurement techniques.To measure and verify the energy correlations,an experiment was performed with a total measurement duration of approximately 1200 h.In the experiment,eight CLYC detectors and sixteen EJ309 liquid scintillation detectors were utilized,and the fission moment was tagged with the measured fissionγ-rays.The relative ratios of the energy spectra of the neutrons correlated with different energy neutrons to the252Cf fission neutron energy spectra were obtained.The present results may be helpful for studying fission physics and nuclear technology applications.
基金Key Science and Technology Project of Ministry of Emergency Management of People’s Republic of China under Grant No.2024EMST040401Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province under Grant No.LH2022E119+2 种基金National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2023YFF0725004Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2024B11National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.42404078。
摘要Rapid inference of a seismic wavefield is essential for disaster assessment and emergency rescue.Interpolation methods based on observed strong motion recordings,supported by dense seismic networks,provide a computationally efficient alternative to traditional numerical simulations.However,these purely mathematical approaches fail to account for the physical processes of source rupture and wave propagation,as well as the spatial correlation and nonstationarity of frequency content in ground motion,thereby lacking physical interpretability.This study presents a rapid seismic wavefield inference method that incorporates the spatial correlation and nonstationarity of ground motion.We introduce a spatial correlation factor into the inverse-proportional-weighted interpolation method to infer the ground-motion Fourier amplitude spectra(FAS)at un-instrumented sites,using the FAS of nearby observed recordings.Furthermore,we apply an equivalent group velocity model to derive the ground-motion phase spectra,which are combined with the interpolated FAS to generate nonstationary ground-motion time histories.Verification results from an actual earthquake case indicate that the inferred FAS within the 0.1-25.0 Hz frequency band and ground-motion intensity measures are generally consistent with observed values.This study modestly improves the accuracy of seismic wavefield interpolation and offers a mechanistic basis for conventional mathematical interpolation methods from the perspective of engineering seismology.
基金partially supported by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliamentthe European Union’s Just Transition Fund (JTF) within the project Röntgenlaser Optimierung der Laserfusion (ROLF), Contract No. 5086999001, co-financed by the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliament+3 种基金the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2022 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Agreement No. 101076233, “PREXTREME”)Computations were performed on a Bull Cluster at the Center for Information Services and High-Performance Computing (ZIH) at Technische Universität Dresden and at the Norddeutscher Verbund für Hoch- und Höchstleistungsrechnen (HLRN) under Grant No. mvp00024support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12274171support by the Advanced Materials–National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2024ZD0606900)
摘要Understanding the properties of warm dense hydrogen is of key importance for the modeling of compact astrophysical objects and to understand and further optimize inertial confinement fusion applications.The workhorse of warm dense matter theory is thermal density functional theory(DFT),which,however,suffers from two limitations:(i)its accuracy can depend on the utilized exchange-correlation functional,which has to be approximated,and(ii)it is generally limited to single-electron properties such as the density distribution.Here,we present a new ansatz combining time-dependent DFT results for the dynamic structure factor See(q,ω)with static DFT results for the density response.This allows us to estimate the electron-electron static structure factor See(q)of warm dense hydrogen with high accuracy over a broad range of densities and temperatures.In addition to its value for the study of warm dense matter,our work opens up new avenues for the future study of electronic correlations exclusively within the framework of DFT for a host of applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304348)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Liaoning Province(No.2023-MSBA-030)+1 种基金the open fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy(No.K25-11)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2425021).
摘要The flow of molten steel at the solidification front in a continuous casting mold has a significant impact on slab quality.However,due to the high temperature and opacity of the mold,direct velocity measurements are extremely challenging.The functional relationship between flow speed at the solidification front and the temperature of the outer surface of the solidified shell is derived heat conduction equations.Subsequently,a coupled flow-heat transfer-solidification model for the mold is developed to numerically determine the flow speed and temperature distribution.Based on thermocouple installation positions and the impingement point location of the molten steel jet on the narrow face of the mold,33 sampling points are selected along both the narrow/wide face centerline and corresponding heights at the solidification front.Finally,the flow speed at the solidification front is fitted as a function of the outer surface temperature of solidified shell and the distance from the meniscus,with detailed analysis of its distribution characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12205097,12141501,12475117,and 12435006)the National Key Laboratory of Neutron Science and Technology(Grant No.NST202401016)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1612600 and 2024YFE0109803)the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University。
摘要The octupole correlations of the Kπ=5/2+ground state and the rotational spectrum built on it in229Th are studied using the microscopic relativistic density functional theory on a three-dimensional lattice space and the reflection-asymmetric triaxial particle rotor model.It is found that229Th has a ground state with static axial octupole and quadrupole deformations.The occurrence of octupole correlations,driven by the octupole deformation,is analyzed through the evolution of single-particle levels around the Fermi surface.The experimental energy spectrum and the electromagnetic transition probabilities,including B(E2)and B(M1),are reasonably well reproduced.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC3012804)。
摘要This study proposes a method for determining earthquake focal depths by combining the sPn phase with the waveform cross-correlation technique,based on waveform data recorded by the Fujian Seismic Network from the 2024 M 7.3 Hualien offshore earthquake and the 2025 M 6.2 Tainan earthquake.The Pn phase onset was precisely aligned using waveform cross-correlation,and the arrival time difference(Δt)between the sPn and Pn phases was extracted via a sliding time-window correlation method.The focal depths were derived using a layered velocity model for the Taiwan region.Results show that the calculated focal depth for the Hualien earthquake is 23.1 km(Δt=6.9 s),with a relative error of 2.7%compared to the official result(22.5 km)from the Central Weather Administration of Taiwan.For the Tainan earthquake,the depth is 17.9 km(Δt=6.1 s),with a relative error of 13.3%.In this study,we show that a cross-correlation threshold of 0.8 and a bandpass filtering of 0.1–0.3 Hz are efficient to suppress noise and significantly improve depth accuracy for shallow earthquakes with depth<30 km.Compared to traditional travel-time location methods,this approach exhibits superior noise resistance and computational efficiency.Future work will focus on optimizing 3D velocity structures,integrating multiple phases,and applying deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks,aiming to improve the results in a more reliable and automatic way,and to provide efficient support on earthquake emergency response.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 62462013)the High-Level Innovative Talent Project of Guizhou Province(Grant QKHPTRC-GCC2023027)+6 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team Project of Data Science and Computational Intelligence of Guizhou Province(Grant QKHRC-CXTD2025038)the Key Project of the Basic Research Program of Guizhou Province(Grant QKHJCZD2026144)the Science and Technology Breakthrough Project of Hundred Schools and Thousand Enterprises of the Education Department of Guizhou Province(Grant QJJ2025011)the Key Project of Engineering Research Center of Micronano and Intelligent Manufacturing of Ministry of Education(Grant WZG202501)the Scientific Research Platform(Key Laboratory and Engineering Research Center)Project of Kaili University(Grants YTHPT202501 and YTH-PT202602)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grants QKHJCMS2026727,QKHJC2024QN026,and QKHJC2024QN208)the Natural Science Research Project of the Education Department of Guizhou Province(Grants QJJ2023012 and QJJ2023061)。
摘要Traffic Flow Forecasting(TFF)is a foundational task in the development of Intelligent Transport Systems(ITSs).The primary challenge is to undertake a comprehensive exploration of the intrinsic dynamic spatiotemporal correlations of the road network,unveiling the long-term evolutionary traffic trends.Furthermore,most existing methods often solely depend on the single traffic condition and neglect the enhancement of correlated features collected from traffic sensors in prediction.To this end,we propose a dynamic correlation-information-fusion-based(DCIF)spatiotemporal network for TFF,which models the spatiotemporal correlations of road networks,thereby effectively capturing dynamically changing characteristics.Specifically,a spatiotemporal feature enhancement(STFE)mechanism is employed to capture the directional and location-aware characteristics of traffic flow,thereby enhancing the representation of traffic flow and the capability of spatiotemporal feature extraction.Then,a gated attention unit(GAU)is constructed to meticulously extract the deep dynamic trends inherent within traffic data.Finally,a dynamic feature matrix(DFM)is formulated,incorporating spatial graph convolution to provide comprehensive semantic contextual information.The DFM captures the dynamic topology of the deeper feature network in real time by fusing spatial node information and traffic speed features as correlation information.Extensive experiments demonstrate that DCIF significantly outperforms other baselines in prediction accuracy,thereby further substantiating its validity and reliability in TFF.
基金supported in part by the Pioneer Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2025C01021)Zhejiang Province Postdoctoral Research Project Selection Fund(ZJ2025061)+3 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project-Intelligent Manufacturing Systems and Robotics of China(2025ZD1602000,2025ZD1601800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61933015,62273030,62573387)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province,China(LY24F030004)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(25222139-Y)。
摘要Ironmaking process(IP)is indispensable to modern iron and steel industry,where real-time monitoring is crucial for achieving high molten iron quality(MIQ)with low energy consumption.While neural network-based models show some promising results,they are generally limited by non-negligible drawbacks such as interpretability issues of feature learning.To address these issues,we propose a novel concept based on the shallow-to-deep correlation network representation regression(Sh-to-De CNRR).Our approach,shallow correlation network representation regression(ShCNRR),combines neural network and canonical correlation analysis thoughts to generate explainable features via shallow correlation network representation(CNR).A twin inverse network is then derived to obtain the explicit model output,leveraging the shallow CNR.To capture deeper nonlinear information,we extend ShCNRR into a hierarchical deep correlation network representation regression(DeCNRR)model that features stacked neural networks,enabling us to learn deeper CNR from process data.The feasibility and advantages of our proposals are validated by theoretical derivations and practical IP cases,which contain one MIQ regression and three MIQ-related fault detection tasks.The results reveal that highly fused statistical and neural network models yield superior monitoring performance compared to current state-of-the-art models,while statistical tests verify the convincing feature mining.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12575145)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1604900)。
摘要An important feature of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)is that the strong force grows as the distance between partons increases,which confines partons into hadrons,commonly known as QCD confinement.Perturbative QCD(pQCD)does not work at large distance,such as the length scale of a hadron,which is the regime of non-perturbative QCD.The detailed QCD mechanisms through which confinement occurs from partons to hadrons(usually known as hadronization),and how it manifests itself in partonic structure of hadrons(usually known as parton distribution),remain unresolved puzzles of first-principle QCD calculations.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery Grants 341275。
摘要The ISRM-suggested Brazilian disc(BD)test using split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)for dynamic rock tensile strength requires central crack initiation and stress equilibrium.This study aims to re-evaluate the critical strain rate,ensuring a valid dynamic Brazilian disc test,and to analyse the reliable dynamic tensile behaviour of granite using high-speed digital image correlation(DIC).The comparison between the measured strain obtained through high-speed DIC analysis and the strain gauge allowed for determining the optimal subset parameters used to obtain the real-time deformation field and the stress-strain curve from DIC data.Crack initiation,crack velocity,and failure process are studied to reveal the rate dependence of granites.A unified dynamic increase factor(DIF)model is proposed for the tensile strength of rocks,and the reason for the sudden drop in DIF for high strain rates is discussed.The results reveal that the upper limit of the valid strain rate,which ensures the validity of the ISRM-suggested dynamic BD test,is co-determined by the conditions of stress equilibrium and crack initiation from the centre of the disc.At higher strain rates(75 s⁻¹),BD test results fail to capture the actual tensile behaviour of rocks,and the potential factors influencing the critical valid strain rate(CVSr),such as sample radius and boundary crack length,should also be considered.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0309600)the Research Grants Council(RGC)of Hong Kong(Grant Nos.16303123,C6053-23G-D,AoE/P701/20).
摘要Ferroelectricity,typically arising from ionic displacements in noncentrosymmetric lattices,enables applications in memory devices and sensors.Recent advances in two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures have revealed novel ferroelectric phenome-na,including sliding ferroelectricity and correlation-driven ferroelectricity in moirésuperlattices.In this work,we fabricate and study a MoS2/WSe2 moirésuperlattice device exhibiting a high field-effect mobility of 17650 cm2·V−1·s−1.Electrical transport measurements reveal correlated insulating states accompanied by a prominent and reproducible resistance hysteresis near half-filling.Temperature and displacement field dependence further confirms the correlation-enhanced nature of the hysteresis.Our analysis suggests that displace-ment field-induced metal-to-insulator transition at correlated insulating state coupled with interfacial dipoles enables the observed resistance hysteresis.These results establish correlation enhanced resistance hysteresis near half-filling in a MoS2/WSe2 heterobilayer,offering opportunities for exploring emergent quantum phases and device functionalities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11904401,12105209,12175023,and 42274124)the Science Challenge Program(Grant No.TZ2016001)+1 种基金the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Computational Physicsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.104972025KFYjc0087).
摘要We report thermodynamic properties,including equation of state,principal Hugoniot,heat capacity,and Grüneisen parameter,for beryllium under density-temperature conditions of ρ=3.0-9.0 g/cm3 and T=5-10000 eV,using an extended first-principles molecular dynamics method together with finite-temperature exchange-correlation functionals.Compared with zero-temperature exchange-correlation models,our results exhibit appreciable differences of about 3%in modeling the equation of state.Thermal excitations of K-shell electrons,delocalization of wave functions,and the merging of energy bands for beryllium along the Hugoniot curve are also presented.In addition to the application of these thermodynamic data to inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics,our results may also serve as useful benchmarks for investigating thermal exchange-correlation effects on thermodynamic properties of warm dense matter,and further help to elucidate the mechanisms of inner-shell electron excitation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2430208).
摘要For moderately/strongly coupled plasmas,modeling of the electron screening effect remains an unresolved problem,owing to the complicated many-body correlations among the surrounding electrons and ions.In this work,we investigate the ion correlation effect on electron screening of moderately coupled plasmas using an atomic-state-dependent electron-screening model.It is found that the electron density around a target ion is significantly enhanced by the ion correlation effect from surrounding ions.By considering this ion correlation effect,the electron density fluctuation induced by the target ion becomes non-spherically symmetric,which causes traditional electron screening models to underestimate the screening effects,especially for moderately/strongly coupled and weakly degenerate plasmas.The present model and findings are validated by molecular dynamics simulations of moderately coupled ultracold neutral plasmas.For moderately coupled plasmas,the Coulomb logarithm is found to decrease by about 10%-30% owing to the ion correlation effect,which should be considered when modeling plasma effects on atomic processes,radiation transport,and thermodynamic properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12475096,12275024,12192261)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Grant No.22A0319).
摘要The violation of the charge-parity(CP)transformation symmetry,which has been observed in numerous pure meson decay processes,was only confirmed very recently by the LHCb collaboration in the four-body decay of the heavy baryonΛb0,Λb0→pK−π+π−,through a comparison of the decay branching ratio with that of the CP-conjugate process.However,the detailed dynamics behind this CP asymme-try is obviously far from clear.We propose a formalism for the full analysis of the decay angular correlations in four-body cascade decays of heavy hadrons which can provide more information about the CP violation in these decays.To illustrate this,we apply the decay angular correlation analysis of CP violation to another four-body decay channel that involves baryons,B0→ppK+π−,which has also been investigated by the LHCb collaboration with no evidence of CP violation being found.Surprisingly,based on a simple assumption on the statistical errors,and with the event yield extracted inversely from the published data of LHCb,we obtain non-zero CP asymme-tries of about 10%corresponding to the decay angular correlations,which are considerably larger than the CP asymmetries observed in theΛb0→pK−π+π−channel.We recommend that experimental collaborations conduct comprehensive decay angular correlation analyses of CP violation in four-body decays of heavy hadrons,including the two channels discussed above.
摘要Correlation describes a relationship between two variables,where a change in one is associated with a change in the other,but it does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.Causation,by contrast,means that a change in one variable directly pro-duces or influences a change in the other.The well-known principle that“correlation does not imply causation”under-scores that two events occurring together do not necessarily indicate that one causes the other-both could be influenced by a third,unobserved factor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2325022,U23A2074,12204462,62275240,62435009,12474494,and 12204468)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.253 YSBR-049)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.2022b1302007)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M753083)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20240353)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.WK2030000107,WK2030000108,and WK2030000081)。
摘要Programmable two-particle quantum walks are crucial for advancing quantum simulation,computation,and information processing.Although disorder is traditionally associated with information loss,it can also facilitate emergent phenomena such as enhanced energy transport.Here,we experimentally realize a 12-step discrete-time quantum walk in programmable integrated photonic circuits,introducing tunable static and dynamic disorder to explore quantum transport dynamics.In periodic lattices,disorder induces light localization and drives a transition from quantum ballistic to classical diffusive behavior.In particular,quantum walks of correlated photons exhibit a disorder-induced bunching effect,accompanied by enhanced nonclassical correlations.Our platform provides a scalable framework for investigating multiparticle quantum dynamics in engineered environments,promoting the development of quantum optics toward large-scale applications.