Single-event effects(SEEs)induced by mediumenergy protons in a 28 nm system-on-chip(SoC)were investigated at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.An on-chip memory block was irradiated with 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons,r...Single-event effects(SEEs)induced by mediumenergy protons in a 28 nm system-on-chip(SoC)were investigated at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.An on-chip memory block was irradiated with 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons,respectively.Single-bit upset and multicell upset events were observed,and an uppermost number of nine upset cells were discovered in the 90 MeV proton irradiation test.The results indicate that the SEE sensitivities of the 28 nm SoC to the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were similar.Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics Monte Carlo simulations were analyzed,and it demonstrates that protons can induce effects in a 28 nm SoC if their energies are greater than 1.4 MeV and that the lowest corresponding linear energy transfer was 0.142 MeV cm^2 mg^-1.The similarities and discrepancies of the SEEs induced by the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were analyzed.展开更多
Single event effects (SEEs) in a 28-nm system-on-chip (SoC) were assessed using heavy ion irradiations, and susceptibilities in different processor configurations with data accessing patterns were investigated. The pa...Single event effects (SEEs) in a 28-nm system-on-chip (SoC) were assessed using heavy ion irradiations, and susceptibilities in different processor configurations with data accessing patterns were investigated. The patterns included the sole processor (SP) and asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) patterns with static and dynamic data accessing. Single event upset (SEU) cross sections in static accessing can be more than twice as high as those of the dynamic accessing, and processor configuration pattern is not a critical factor for the SEU cross sections. Cross section interval of upset events was evaluated and the soft error rates in aerospace environment were predicted for the SoC. The tests also indicated that ultra-high linear energy transfer (LET) particle can cause exception currents in the 28-nm SoC, and some even are lower than the normal case.展开更多
In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity o...In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity of this method is proven theoretically.Specifically, testcases are generated according to many approaches of randomization.Moreover, the testbench for the system-level verification according to the proposed method is designed by using advanced modeling language.Therefore, under the circumstances that the testbench generates testcases quickly, the hardware/software co-simulation and co-verification can be implemented and the hardware/software partitioning planning can be evaluated easily.The comparison method is put to use in the evaluation approach of the testing validity.The evaluation result indicates that the efficiency of the partition testing is better than that of the random testing only when one or more subdomains are covered over with the area of errors, although the efficiency of the random testing is generally better than that of the partition testing.The experimental result indicates that this method has a good performance in the functional coverage and the cost of testing and can discover the functional errors as soon as possible.展开更多
Test data compression and test resource partitioning (TRP) are essential to reduce the amount of test data in system-on-chip testing. A novel variable-to-variable-length compression codes is designed as advanced fre...Test data compression and test resource partitioning (TRP) are essential to reduce the amount of test data in system-on-chip testing. A novel variable-to-variable-length compression codes is designed as advanced fre- quency-directed run-length (AFDR) codes. Different [rom frequency-directed run-length (FDR) codes, AFDR encodes both 0- and 1-runs and uses the same codes to the equal length runs. It also modifies the codes for 00 and 11 to improve the compression performance. Experimental results for ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits show that AFDR codes achieve higher compression ratio than FDR and other compression codes.展开更多
As the technology of IP-core-reused has been widely used, a lot of intellectual property (IP) cores have been embedded in different layers of system-on-chip (SOC). Although the cycles of development and overhead a...As the technology of IP-core-reused has been widely used, a lot of intellectual property (IP) cores have been embedded in different layers of system-on-chip (SOC). Although the cycles of development and overhead are reduced by this method, it is a challenge to the SOC test. This paper proposes a scheduling method based on the virtual flattened architecture for hierarchical SOC, which breaks the hierarchical architecture to the virtual flattened one. Moreover, this method has more advantages compared with the traditional one, which tests the parent cores and child cores separately. Finally, the method is verified by the ITC'02 benchmark, and gives good results that reduce the test time and overhead effectively.展开更多
IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,2019,doi:10.1109/JSSC.2018.2884349Nonvolatile processor(NVP)is promising for energy-harvesting-powered internet-of-things(IoT)devices,owing to its unique capability to sustain computation p...IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,2019,doi:10.1109/JSSC.2018.2884349Nonvolatile processor(NVP)is promising for energy-harvesting-powered internet-of-things(IoT)devices,owing to its unique capability to sustain computation progress over power outages.Recently.展开更多
Ultrasonic testing systems have been extensively used in medical imaging and non-destructive testing applications. Generally, these systems aim at a particular application or target material. To make these systems por...Ultrasonic testing systems have been extensively used in medical imaging and non-destructive testing applications. Generally, these systems aim at a particular application or target material. To make these systems portable and more adaptable to the test environments, this study presents a reconfigurable ultrasonic testing system (RUTS), which possesses dynamic reconfiguration capabilities. RUTS consists a fully programmable Analog Front-End (AFE), which facilitates beamforming and signal conditioning for variety of applications. RUTS AFE supports up to 8 transducers for phased-array implementation. Xilinx Zynq System-on-Chip (SoC) based Zedboard provides the back-end processing of RUTS. The powerful ARM embedded processor available within Zynq SoC manages the ultrasonic data acquisition/processing and overall system control, which makes RUTS a unique platform for the ultrasonic researchers to experiment and evaluate a wide range of real-time ultrasonic signal processing applications. This Linux-based system is utilized for ultra-sonic data compression implementation providing a versatile environment for further development of ultrasonic imaging and testing system. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the capabilities of RUTS by performing ultrasonic data acquisition and data compression in real-time. Thus, this reconfigurable system enables ultrasonic designers and researchers to efficiently prototype different experiments and to incorporate and analyze high performance ultrasonic signal and image processing algorithms.展开更多
This paper introduces aΔ-Σfractional output divider(FOD)designed for audio system-on-chip(SoC)applications with low design and implementation cost.In contrast to conventional FOD design methodologies that utilize a ...This paper introduces aΔ-Σfractional output divider(FOD)designed for audio system-on-chip(SoC)applications with low design and implementation cost.In contrast to conventional FOD design methodologies that utilize a multi-modulus divider(MMD)or a multi-phase multiplexer(MPM)based divider incorporating complex jitter filters,the proposed FOD adopts a feed-forward architecture employing simple circuit building blocks.It leverages aΔ-Σdigital-to-frequency converter(DFC)to generate fractionally synthesized output frequencies,eliminating the synchronous constraint associated with MMD and MPM methods.The DFC employs a fully-synthesizableΔ-Σmodulator and resistor-2 resistor(R-2R)digital-to-analog converter to generate 4-level waveform patterns containing the desired output frequency information.These patterns are then processed through an integrator and a zero-crossing detector to reconstruct the fractionally divided output clock signal.Furthermore,to minimize jitter,a simple edge combiner-based jitter filter is cascaded with the DFC output.Implemented in 180 nm digital complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process and operating at 1.2 V supply voltage,the proposed FOD offers an output frequency range of 500 kHz to 45 MHz,with Nmin=FIN/FOUT=4.Specifically,It divides a 26 MHz input to generate a 6.144 MHz(128fs=128×44.1 kHz)output,exhibiting a root-mean-square jitter of 3.68 ps,while consuming 0.22 mW of power.展开更多
With the prevalence of big-data technology,intricate,nanoscale Multi-Processor System-on-Chips(MP-SoCs)have been used in various safety-critical applications.However,with no extra countermeasures taken,this widespread...With the prevalence of big-data technology,intricate,nanoscale Multi-Processor System-on-Chips(MP-SoCs)have been used in various safety-critical applications.However,with no extra countermeasures taken,this widespread use of MP-SoCs can lead to an undesirable decrease in their dependability.This study presents a promising approach using a group of Embedded Instruments(EIs)inside a processor core for health monitoring.Multiple health monitoring datasets obtained from the employed EIs are sampled and collated via the implemented experiment and thereafter used for conducting its remaining useful lifetime prognostics.This enables MP-SoCs to undertake preventive self-repair,thus realizing a zero mean downtime system and ensuring improved dependability.In addition,a principal component analysis based algorithm is designed for realizing the EI data fusion.Subsequently,a genetic algorithm based degradation optimization is employed to create a lifetime prediction model with respect to the processor.展开更多
Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is an efficient reconfigurable integrated circuit platform and has become a core signal processing microchip device of digital systems over the last decade. With the rapid developme...Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is an efficient reconfigurable integrated circuit platform and has become a core signal processing microchip device of digital systems over the last decade. With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, the performance and system integration of FPGA devices have been significantly progressed, and at the same time new challenges arise. The design of FPGA architecture is required to evolve to meet these challenges, while also taking advantage of ever increased microchip density. This survey reviews the recent development of advanced FPGA architectures, including improvement of the programming technologies, logic blocks, interconnects, and embedded resources. Moreover, some important emerging design issues of FPGA architectures, such as novel memory based FPGAs and 3D FPGAs, are also presented to provide an outlook for future FPGA development.展开更多
A method based on programmable system-on-chip(PSoC)is proposed to realize high resolution stepping motion control of liner displacement mechanism driven by traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motors(TRUM).Intelligent con...A method based on programmable system-on-chip(PSoC)is proposed to realize high resolution stepping motion control of liner displacement mechanism driven by traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motors(TRUM).Intelligent controller of stepping ultrasonic motor consists of PSoC microprocessor.Continuous square wave signal is sent out by the pulse width modulator(PWM)module inside PSoC,and converted into sinusoidal signal which is essential to the motor′s normal working by power amplifier circuit.Subsequently,signal impulse transmission is realized by the counter control break,and the stepping motion of linear displacement mechanism based on TRUM is achieved.Running status of the ultrasonic motor is controlled by an upper computer.Control command is sent to PSoC through serial communication circuit of RS-232.Relative program and control interface are written in LabView.Finally the mechanism is tested by XL-80 laser interferometer.Test results show that the mechanism can provide a stable motion and a fixed step pitch with the displacement resolution of 6nm.展开更多
This paper describes an in-house developed language tool called VPerl used in developing a 250 MHz 32-bit high-performance low power embedded CPU core. The authors showed that use of this tool can compress the Verilog...This paper describes an in-house developed language tool called VPerl used in developing a 250 MHz 32-bit high-performance low power embedded CPU core. The authors showed that use of this tool can compress the Verilog code by more than a factor of 5, increase the efficiency of the front-end design, reduce the bug rate significantly. This tool can be used to enhance the reusability of an intellectual property model, and facilitate porting design for different platforms.展开更多
This paper presents a macroblock-level (MB-level) decoding and deblocking method for supporting the flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) and arbitrary slice ordering (ASO) bit streams in H.264 decoder and its SOC/ASIC i...This paper presents a macroblock-level (MB-level) decoding and deblocking method for supporting the flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) and arbitrary slice ordering (ASO) bit streams in H.264 decoder and its SOC/ASIC implementation. By searching the slice containing the current macroblock in the bit stream and switching slices correctly, MBs can be decoded in the raster scan order, while the decoding process can immediately begin as long as the slice containing the current MB is available. This architectural modification enables the MB-level decoding and deblocking 3-stage pipeline, and saves about 20% of SDRAM bandwidth. Implementation results showed that the design achieves real-time decoding of 1080HD (1920×1088@30 fps) at a system clock of 166 MHz.展开更多
The pattern run-length coding test data compression approach is extended by introducing don't care bit(x) propagation strategy into it.More than one core test sets for testing core-based System-on-Chip(SoC) are un...The pattern run-length coding test data compression approach is extended by introducing don't care bit(x) propagation strategy into it.More than one core test sets for testing core-based System-on-Chip(SoC) are unified into a single one,which is compressed by the extended coding technique.A reconfigurable scan test application mechanism is presented,in which test data for multiple cores are scanned and captured jointly to make SoC test application more efficient with low hardware overhead added.The proposed union test technique is applied to an academic SoC embedded by six large ISCAS'89 benchmarks,and to an ITC' 02 benchmark circuit.Experiment results show that compared with the existing schemes in which a core test set is compressed and applied independently of other cores,the proposed scheme can not only improve test data compression/decompression,but also reduce the redundant shift and capture cycles during scan testing,decreasing SoC test application time effectively.展开更多
A dual-channel access mechanism to overcome the drawback of traditional single-channel access mechanism for network-on-chip(NoC)is proposed.In traditional single-channel access mechanism,every Internet protocol(IP)has...A dual-channel access mechanism to overcome the drawback of traditional single-channel access mechanism for network-on-chip(NoC)is proposed.In traditional single-channel access mechanism,every Internet protocol(IP)has only one chan-nel to access the on-chip network.When the network is relatively idle,the injection rate is too small to make good use of the network resource.When the network is relatively busy,the ejection rate is so small that the packets in the network cannot leave immediately,and thus the probability of congestion is increased.In the dual-channel access mechanism,the injection rate of IP and the ejection rate of the network are increased by using two optional channels in network interface(NI)and local port of routers.Therefore,the communication performance is improved.Experimental results show that compared with traditional single-channel access mechanism,the proposed scheme greatly increases the throughput and cuts down the average latency with reasonable area increase.展开更多
A novel test access mechanism (TAM) architecture with multi test-channel (TC) based on IEEE Standard 1500 is proposed instead of the traditional sub-TAM structure. The cost model of an area-time associated test an...A novel test access mechanism (TAM) architecture with multi test-channel (TC) based on IEEE Standard 1500 is proposed instead of the traditional sub-TAM structure. The cost model of an area-time associated test and the corresponding lower bound of system-on-chip (SoC) test time are established based on this TAM architecture. The model provides a more reliable method to control the SoC scheduling and reduces the complexity in related algorithm research. The result based on the area time associated test cost model has been validated using the ITC02 test benchmark.展开更多
首先根据生化微传感SOC的应用场合和微传感器的特点,选定CR SAR ADC作为片内嵌入类型;基于SOC的标准CMOS工艺实现和低功耗的设计目标,分别进行了电容阵列、比较器、开关阵列和SAR控制逻辑等组成单元全定制原理图、版图设计,实现了片内嵌...首先根据生化微传感SOC的应用场合和微传感器的特点,选定CR SAR ADC作为片内嵌入类型;基于SOC的标准CMOS工艺实现和低功耗的设计目标,分别进行了电容阵列、比较器、开关阵列和SAR控制逻辑等组成单元全定制原理图、版图设计,实现了片内嵌入10位ADC的整体芯片.流片实测结果DNL、INL最大值分别为+/-1.0LSB、+/-1.5LSB,功耗仅为4.62mW,满足生化微传感SOC数据转换的片内嵌入要求.展开更多
The application-specific multiprocessor system-on-chip(MPSoC) architecture is becoming an attractive solution to deal with increasingly complex embedded applications,which require both high performance and flexible pr...The application-specific multiprocessor system-on-chip(MPSoC) architecture is becoming an attractive solution to deal with increasingly complex embedded applications,which require both high performance and flexible programmability. As an effective method for MPSoC development,we present a gradual refinement flow starting from a high-level Simulink model to a synthesizable and executable hardware and software specification. The proposed methodology consists of five different abstract levels:Simulink combined algorithm and architecture model(CAAM),virtual architecture(VA),transactional accurate architecture(TA),virtual prototype(VP) and field-programmable gate array(FPGA) emulation. Experimental results of Motion-JPEG and H.264 show that the proposed gradual refinement flow can generate various MPSoC architectures from an original Simulink model,allowing processor,communication and tasks design space exploration.展开更多
In this work,a monolithic oscillator chip is heterogeneously integrated by a film bulk acoustic resonator(FBAR)and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)chip using FlexMEMS technology.In the 3 D-stacked integ...In this work,a monolithic oscillator chip is heterogeneously integrated by a film bulk acoustic resonator(FBAR)and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)chip using FlexMEMS technology.In the 3 D-stacked integrated chip,the thin-film FBAR sits directly over the CMOS chip,between which a 4μm-thick SU-8 layer provides a robust adhesion and acoustic reflection cavity.The proposed system-on-chip(SoC)integration features a simple fabrication process,small size,and excellent performance.The oscillator outputs 2.024 GHz oscillations of-13.79 dB m and exhibits phase noises of-63,-120,and-136 dB c/Hz at 1 kHz,100 kHz,and far-from-carrier offset,respectively.FlexMEMS technology guarantees compact and accurate assembly,process compatibility,and high performance,thereby demonstrating its great potential in SoC hetero-integration applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11575138,11835006,11690040,and 11690043)
摘要Single-event effects(SEEs)induced by mediumenergy protons in a 28 nm system-on-chip(SoC)were investigated at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.An on-chip memory block was irradiated with 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons,respectively.Single-bit upset and multicell upset events were observed,and an uppermost number of nine upset cells were discovered in the 90 MeV proton irradiation test.The results indicate that the SEE sensitivities of the 28 nm SoC to the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were similar.Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics Monte Carlo simulations were analyzed,and it demonstrates that protons can induce effects in a 28 nm SoC if their energies are greater than 1.4 MeV and that the lowest corresponding linear energy transfer was 0.142 MeV cm^2 mg^-1.The similarities and discrepancies of the SEEs induced by the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were analyzed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11575138,11835006,11690040,and 11690043)the Fund from Innovation Center of Radiation Application(Grant No.KFZC2019050321)+1 种基金the Fund from the Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics(Grant No.ZWK1804)the Program of China Scholarships Council(Grant No.201906280343)。
摘要Single event effects (SEEs) in a 28-nm system-on-chip (SoC) were assessed using heavy ion irradiations, and susceptibilities in different processor configurations with data accessing patterns were investigated. The patterns included the sole processor (SP) and asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) patterns with static and dynamic data accessing. Single event upset (SEU) cross sections in static accessing can be more than twice as high as those of the dynamic accessing, and processor configuration pattern is not a critical factor for the SEU cross sections. Cross section interval of upset events was evaluated and the soft error rates in aerospace environment were predicted for the SoC. The tests also indicated that ultra-high linear energy transfer (LET) particle can cause exception currents in the 28-nm SoC, and some even are lower than the normal case.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2002AA1Z1490)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20040486049)the University Cooperative Research Fund of Huawei Technology Co., Ltd
摘要In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity of this method is proven theoretically.Specifically, testcases are generated according to many approaches of randomization.Moreover, the testbench for the system-level verification according to the proposed method is designed by using advanced modeling language.Therefore, under the circumstances that the testbench generates testcases quickly, the hardware/software co-simulation and co-verification can be implemented and the hardware/software partitioning planning can be evaluated easily.The comparison method is put to use in the evaluation approach of the testing validity.The evaluation result indicates that the efficiency of the partition testing is better than that of the random testing only when one or more subdomains are covered over with the area of errors, although the efficiency of the random testing is generally better than that of the partition testing.The experimental result indicates that this method has a good performance in the functional coverage and the cost of testing and can discover the functional errors as soon as possible.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61076019,61106018)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20115552031)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20100481134)the Jiangsu Province Key Technology R&D Program(BE2010003)the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Funding(NS2010115)the Nanjing University of Aeronatics and Astronautics Initial Funding for Talented Faculty(1004-YAH10027)~~
摘要Test data compression and test resource partitioning (TRP) are essential to reduce the amount of test data in system-on-chip testing. A novel variable-to-variable-length compression codes is designed as advanced fre- quency-directed run-length (AFDR) codes. Different [rom frequency-directed run-length (FDR) codes, AFDR encodes both 0- and 1-runs and uses the same codes to the equal length runs. It also modifies the codes for 00 and 11 to improve the compression performance. Experimental results for ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits show that AFDR codes achieve higher compression ratio than FDR and other compression codes.
基金Project supported by the Applied Materials Foundation Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Mu-nicipality (Grant No.08700741000)the System Design on Chip Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.08706201000)+1 种基金the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee(Grant No.J50104)the Innovation Foundation Project of Shanghai University
摘要As the technology of IP-core-reused has been widely used, a lot of intellectual property (IP) cores have been embedded in different layers of system-on-chip (SOC). Although the cycles of development and overhead are reduced by this method, it is a challenge to the SOC test. This paper proposes a scheduling method based on the virtual flattened architecture for hierarchical SOC, which breaks the hierarchical architecture to the virtual flattened one. Moreover, this method has more advantages compared with the traditional one, which tests the parent cores and child cores separately. Finally, the method is verified by the ITC'02 benchmark, and gives good results that reduce the test time and overhead effectively.
摘要IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,2019,doi:10.1109/JSSC.2018.2884349Nonvolatile processor(NVP)is promising for energy-harvesting-powered internet-of-things(IoT)devices,owing to its unique capability to sustain computation progress over power outages.Recently.
摘要Ultrasonic testing systems have been extensively used in medical imaging and non-destructive testing applications. Generally, these systems aim at a particular application or target material. To make these systems portable and more adaptable to the test environments, this study presents a reconfigurable ultrasonic testing system (RUTS), which possesses dynamic reconfiguration capabilities. RUTS consists a fully programmable Analog Front-End (AFE), which facilitates beamforming and signal conditioning for variety of applications. RUTS AFE supports up to 8 transducers for phased-array implementation. Xilinx Zynq System-on-Chip (SoC) based Zedboard provides the back-end processing of RUTS. The powerful ARM embedded processor available within Zynq SoC manages the ultrasonic data acquisition/processing and overall system control, which makes RUTS a unique platform for the ultrasonic researchers to experiment and evaluate a wide range of real-time ultrasonic signal processing applications. This Linux-based system is utilized for ultra-sonic data compression implementation providing a versatile environment for further development of ultrasonic imaging and testing system. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the capabilities of RUTS by performing ultrasonic data acquisition and data compression in real-time. Thus, this reconfigurable system enables ultrasonic designers and researchers to efficiently prototype different experiments and to incorporate and analyze high performance ultrasonic signal and image processing algorithms.
基金supported partially by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2022ZD0115800)the“Tianshan Talents”Training Program for Outstanding Engineer(No.TS240007)Shihezi University International Science and Technology Cooperation Promotion Project(No.GJHZ202106).
摘要This paper introduces aΔ-Σfractional output divider(FOD)designed for audio system-on-chip(SoC)applications with low design and implementation cost.In contrast to conventional FOD design methodologies that utilize a multi-modulus divider(MMD)or a multi-phase multiplexer(MPM)based divider incorporating complex jitter filters,the proposed FOD adopts a feed-forward architecture employing simple circuit building blocks.It leverages aΔ-Σdigital-to-frequency converter(DFC)to generate fractionally synthesized output frequencies,eliminating the synchronous constraint associated with MMD and MPM methods.The DFC employs a fully-synthesizableΔ-Σmodulator and resistor-2 resistor(R-2R)digital-to-analog converter to generate 4-level waveform patterns containing the desired output frequency information.These patterns are then processed through an integrator and a zero-crossing detector to reconstruct the fractionally divided output clock signal.Furthermore,to minimize jitter,a simple edge combiner-based jitter filter is cascaded with the DFC output.Implemented in 180 nm digital complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process and operating at 1.2 V supply voltage,the proposed FOD offers an output frequency range of 500 kHz to 45 MHz,with Nmin=FIN/FOUT=4.Specifically,It divides a 26 MHz input to generate a 6.144 MHz(128fs=128×44.1 kHz)output,exhibiting a root-mean-square jitter of 3.68 ps,while consuming 0.22 mW of power.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12271259,12271098,and 11971349)EU project BASTION(No.619871)+2 种基金Horizon 2020 IMMORTAL(No.644905)Recore Systems B.V.(the Netherlands)Ridgetop Group Inc.(the Netherlands)are acknowledged for their contributions to IC design and measurement。
摘要With the prevalence of big-data technology,intricate,nanoscale Multi-Processor System-on-Chips(MP-SoCs)have been used in various safety-critical applications.However,with no extra countermeasures taken,this widespread use of MP-SoCs can lead to an undesirable decrease in their dependability.This study presents a promising approach using a group of Embedded Instruments(EIs)inside a processor core for health monitoring.Multiple health monitoring datasets obtained from the employed EIs are sampled and collated via the implemented experiment and thereafter used for conducting its remaining useful lifetime prognostics.This enables MP-SoCs to undertake preventive self-repair,thus realizing a zero mean downtime system and ensuring improved dependability.In addition,a principal component analysis based algorithm is designed for realizing the EI data fusion.Subsequently,a genetic algorithm based degradation optimization is employed to create a lifetime prediction model with respect to the processor.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61271149)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2012AA-012301)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2013ZX03006004)
摘要Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is an efficient reconfigurable integrated circuit platform and has become a core signal processing microchip device of digital systems over the last decade. With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, the performance and system integration of FPGA devices have been significantly progressed, and at the same time new challenges arise. The design of FPGA architecture is required to evolve to meet these challenges, while also taking advantage of ever increased microchip density. This survey reviews the recent development of advanced FPGA architectures, including improvement of the programming technologies, logic blocks, interconnects, and embedded resources. Moreover, some important emerging design issues of FPGA architectures, such as novel memory based FPGAs and 3D FPGAs, are also presented to provide an outlook for future FPGA development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50905085,91116020)the National Science Foundation for Post-Doctoral Scientists of China(No.2012M511263)the Aviation Science Foundation of China(No.20100112005)
摘要A method based on programmable system-on-chip(PSoC)is proposed to realize high resolution stepping motion control of liner displacement mechanism driven by traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motors(TRUM).Intelligent controller of stepping ultrasonic motor consists of PSoC microprocessor.Continuous square wave signal is sent out by the pulse width modulator(PWM)module inside PSoC,and converted into sinusoidal signal which is essential to the motor′s normal working by power amplifier circuit.Subsequently,signal impulse transmission is realized by the counter control break,and the stepping motion of linear displacement mechanism based on TRUM is achieved.Running status of the ultrasonic motor is controlled by an upper computer.Control command is sent to PSoC through serial communication circuit of RS-232.Relative program and control interface are written in LabView.Finally the mechanism is tested by XL-80 laser interferometer.Test results show that the mechanism can provide a stable motion and a fixed step pitch with the displacement resolution of 6nm.
摘要This paper describes an in-house developed language tool called VPerl used in developing a 250 MHz 32-bit high-performance low power embedded CPU core. The authors showed that use of this tool can compress the Verilog code by more than a factor of 5, increase the efficiency of the front-end design, reduce the bug rate significantly. This tool can be used to enhance the reusability of an intellectual property model, and facilitate porting design for different platforms.
基金Project (No. 2002AA1Z1190) supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China
摘要This paper presents a macroblock-level (MB-level) decoding and deblocking method for supporting the flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) and arbitrary slice ordering (ASO) bit streams in H.264 decoder and its SOC/ASIC implementation. By searching the slice containing the current macroblock in the bit stream and switching slices correctly, MBs can be decoded in the raster scan order, while the decoding process can immediately begin as long as the slice containing the current MB is available. This architectural modification enables the MB-level decoding and deblocking 3-stage pipeline, and saves about 20% of SDRAM bandwidth. Implementation results showed that the design achieves real-time decoding of 1080HD (1920×1088@30 fps) at a system clock of 166 MHz.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (No.60876028)the key Project of Natural Science Foundation of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions (No.KJ2010A280)
摘要The pattern run-length coding test data compression approach is extended by introducing don't care bit(x) propagation strategy into it.More than one core test sets for testing core-based System-on-Chip(SoC) are unified into a single one,which is compressed by the extended coding technique.A reconfigurable scan test application mechanism is presented,in which test data for multiple cores are scanned and captured jointly to make SoC test application more efficient with low hardware overhead added.The proposed union test technique is applied to an academic SoC embedded by six large ISCAS'89 benchmarks,and to an ITC' 02 benchmark circuit.Experiment results show that compared with the existing schemes in which a core test set is compressed and applied independently of other cores,the proposed scheme can not only improve test data compression/decompression,but also reduce the redundant shift and capture cycles during scan testing,decreasing SoC test application time effectively.
基金supported by the High Technology Research and Development Program of Fujian Province(2010HZ0004-1,2009HZ0003-1)
摘要A dual-channel access mechanism to overcome the drawback of traditional single-channel access mechanism for network-on-chip(NoC)is proposed.In traditional single-channel access mechanism,every Internet protocol(IP)has only one chan-nel to access the on-chip network.When the network is relatively idle,the injection rate is too small to make good use of the network resource.When the network is relatively busy,the ejection rate is so small that the packets in the network cannot leave immediately,and thus the probability of congestion is increased.In the dual-channel access mechanism,the injection rate of IP and the ejection rate of the network are increased by using two optional channels in network interface(NI)and local port of routers.Therefore,the communication performance is improved.Experimental results show that compared with traditional single-channel access mechanism,the proposed scheme greatly increases the throughput and cuts down the average latency with reasonable area increase.
基金Project supported by the SDC Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.08706201000)the AM Foundation Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.08700741000)+1 种基金the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Education Commission (Grant No.J50104)the Innovation Foundation Project of Shanghai University
摘要A novel test access mechanism (TAM) architecture with multi test-channel (TC) based on IEEE Standard 1500 is proposed instead of the traditional sub-TAM structure. The cost model of an area-time associated test and the corresponding lower bound of system-on-chip (SoC) test time are established based on this TAM architecture. The model provides a more reliable method to control the SoC scheduling and reduces the complexity in related algorithm research. The result based on the area time associated test cost model has been validated using the ITC02 test benchmark.
摘要首先根据生化微传感SOC的应用场合和微传感器的特点,选定CR SAR ADC作为片内嵌入类型;基于SOC的标准CMOS工艺实现和低功耗的设计目标,分别进行了电容阵列、比较器、开关阵列和SAR控制逻辑等组成单元全定制原理图、版图设计,实现了片内嵌入10位ADC的整体芯片.流片实测结果DNL、INL最大值分别为+/-1.0LSB、+/-1.5LSB,功耗仅为4.62mW,满足生化微传感SOC数据转换的片内嵌入要求.
摘要The application-specific multiprocessor system-on-chip(MPSoC) architecture is becoming an attractive solution to deal with increasingly complex embedded applications,which require both high performance and flexible programmability. As an effective method for MPSoC development,we present a gradual refinement flow starting from a high-level Simulink model to a synthesizable and executable hardware and software specification. The proposed methodology consists of five different abstract levels:Simulink combined algorithm and architecture model(CAAM),virtual architecture(VA),transactional accurate architecture(TA),virtual prototype(VP) and field-programmable gate array(FPGA) emulation. Experimental results of Motion-JPEG and H.264 show that the proposed gradual refinement flow can generate various MPSoC architectures from an original Simulink model,allowing processor,communication and tasks design space exploration.
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)under Grant No.2015AA042603the 111 Project under Grant No.B07014Nanchang Institute for Microtechnology of Tianjin University
摘要In this work,a monolithic oscillator chip is heterogeneously integrated by a film bulk acoustic resonator(FBAR)and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)chip using FlexMEMS technology.In the 3 D-stacked integrated chip,the thin-film FBAR sits directly over the CMOS chip,between which a 4μm-thick SU-8 layer provides a robust adhesion and acoustic reflection cavity.The proposed system-on-chip(SoC)integration features a simple fabrication process,small size,and excellent performance.The oscillator outputs 2.024 GHz oscillations of-13.79 dB m and exhibits phase noises of-63,-120,and-136 dB c/Hz at 1 kHz,100 kHz,and far-from-carrier offset,respectively.FlexMEMS technology guarantees compact and accurate assembly,process compatibility,and high performance,thereby demonstrating its great potential in SoC hetero-integration applications.