Muscle atrophy can be induced by high doses or prolonged use of glucocorticoids.Kaempferol(Kae)is a naturally occurring flavonoid with a variety of biological activities and the effect of Kae on dexamethasone(Dex)indu...Muscle atrophy can be induced by high doses or prolonged use of glucocorticoids.Kaempferol(Kae)is a naturally occurring flavonoid with a variety of biological activities and the effect of Kae on dexamethasone(Dex)induced muscle atrophy in animals has not been elucidated.To explore this issue,the present experiments used a computationally assisted drug design scheme combining network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vivo experiments to investigate the mechanism of Kae against muscle atrophy.Network pharmacological analyses revealed 275 potential targets for Kae and 12294 potential targets for muscle atrophy,with a total of 228 crosstargets for Kae and muscle atrophy.GO and KEGG analyses were performed based on the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of muscle atrophy and Kae component targets.The GO results showed that the biological processes were mainly related to the metabolic process of reactive oxygen species,and the response to oxidative stress;the cellular components were mainly focused on membrane microdomains,and membrane regions;the molecular functions mainly worked on phosphatase binding;and the KEGG pathway enrichment analyses identified the pathways of interaction between Kae and muscle atrophy.Finally,as verified by in vivo experiments,Kae may reduce the onset of muscle atrophy by activating the PI3K/AKT/m TOR/signalling pathway,inhibiting Foxo1/Foxo3 activity,and inhibiting downstream production of the ubiquitination 3 ligases Atrogin1 and Mu RF1;Kae also promotes the expression of NRF2/HO-1/KEAP1 signalling pathway,enhances muscle antioxidant capacity,inhibits the release of COX-2 and TNF-αinflammatory factors,and reduces the damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory factors to muscles.Therefore,there may be a synergistic effect of PI3K/AKT/m TOR and NRF2/HO-1/KEAP1 in Kae working together to prevent muscle atrophy.The binding energy and stability of Kae to potential targets were examined by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations,implying that Kae could be used for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in patients.展开更多
Some active metal oxides(Al2O3,TiO2,and Cr2O3)were selected as dopants to the Al2O3-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,a...Some active metal oxides(Al2O3,TiO2,and Cr2O3)were selected as dopants to the Al2O3-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al2O3 doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr2O3 dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al2O3 and TiO2 dopants leads to the formation of Al2TiO5 composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO2 dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al2TiO5,which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.展开更多
Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)has become the primary cause of end-stage renal disease.However,its pathological mechanism remains incompletely understood.Ribonucleotide reductase M2(RRM2)is a small subunit of ribonucleot...Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)has become the primary cause of end-stage renal disease.However,its pathological mechanism remains incompletely understood.Ribonucleotide reductase M2(RRM2)is a small subunit of ribonucleotide reductases,which is involved in nucleotide metabolism and catalyzes the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides,thereby maintaining the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools required for DNA biosynthesis,repair,and replication.This study establishes a novel connection between the enzyme RRM2—traditionally recognized for its role in DNA synthesis—and the pathological progression of DKD,thereby filling the gap in identifying the“bridge molecule”between ferroptosis and the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway.展开更多
Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)and can increase the risk of cognitive impairment,including Alzheimer’s disease.Nuciferine,an alkaloid derived from lotus leaves,shows neuroprotective effects....Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)and can increase the risk of cognitive impairment,including Alzheimer’s disease.Nuciferine,an alkaloid derived from lotus leaves,shows neuroprotective effects.This study investigated nuciferine’s protective role in T2DM-induced cognitive impairment(T2DM-CI)and its mechanisms.Mouse models were created using high-fat diets and streptozotocin,along with high glucose-induced HT-22 cells.Nuciferine reduced blood glucose,improved cognitive function,and mitigated glial cell activation,neuron and synapse loss in T2DM mice.It enhanced insulin signaling by increasing protein levels of IR,IRS1,and IGF-1R,reversing PI3K and AKT phosphorylation,inhibiting GSK3βactivity,and reducing hyperphosphorylated Tau in HT-22 cells and T2DM mice.mRNA levels of these molecules matched their protein levels.Further studies revealed that nuciferine directly interacts with IR,knocking out IR abolished its effects on the PI3K/AKT pathway.Thus,nuciferine activates the PI3K/AKT pathway via IR,improving insulin resistance and slowing T2DM-CI progression.展开更多
基金funded by Yunnan Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program(YNWR-QNBJ2018-173)Agricultural Joint project of Yunnan Provincial S&T Programs(202301BD070001-195)+2 种基金S&T project of Yunnan provincial finance(K212020001-01)supported by Yunnan Province Education Department’s Engineering Research Center of Eco-friendly Products from Yunnan Characteristic Edible FungiYunnan Province Yongsheng County Farmer Academician Technology service station.
摘要Muscle atrophy can be induced by high doses or prolonged use of glucocorticoids.Kaempferol(Kae)is a naturally occurring flavonoid with a variety of biological activities and the effect of Kae on dexamethasone(Dex)induced muscle atrophy in animals has not been elucidated.To explore this issue,the present experiments used a computationally assisted drug design scheme combining network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vivo experiments to investigate the mechanism of Kae against muscle atrophy.Network pharmacological analyses revealed 275 potential targets for Kae and 12294 potential targets for muscle atrophy,with a total of 228 crosstargets for Kae and muscle atrophy.GO and KEGG analyses were performed based on the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of muscle atrophy and Kae component targets.The GO results showed that the biological processes were mainly related to the metabolic process of reactive oxygen species,and the response to oxidative stress;the cellular components were mainly focused on membrane microdomains,and membrane regions;the molecular functions mainly worked on phosphatase binding;and the KEGG pathway enrichment analyses identified the pathways of interaction between Kae and muscle atrophy.Finally,as verified by in vivo experiments,Kae may reduce the onset of muscle atrophy by activating the PI3K/AKT/m TOR/signalling pathway,inhibiting Foxo1/Foxo3 activity,and inhibiting downstream production of the ubiquitination 3 ligases Atrogin1 and Mu RF1;Kae also promotes the expression of NRF2/HO-1/KEAP1 signalling pathway,enhances muscle antioxidant capacity,inhibits the release of COX-2 and TNF-αinflammatory factors,and reduces the damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory factors to muscles.Therefore,there may be a synergistic effect of PI3K/AKT/m TOR and NRF2/HO-1/KEAP1 in Kae working together to prevent muscle atrophy.The binding energy and stability of Kae to potential targets were examined by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations,implying that Kae could be used for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374292)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation, China (No. BWLCF202309)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City, China (No. KQ2208271)。
摘要Some active metal oxides(Al2O3,TiO2,and Cr2O3)were selected as dopants to the Al2O3-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al2O3 doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr2O3 dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al2O3 and TiO2 dopants leads to the formation of Al2TiO5 composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO2 dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al2TiO5,which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.
摘要Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)has become the primary cause of end-stage renal disease.However,its pathological mechanism remains incompletely understood.Ribonucleotide reductase M2(RRM2)is a small subunit of ribonucleotide reductases,which is involved in nucleotide metabolism and catalyzes the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides,thereby maintaining the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools required for DNA biosynthesis,repair,and replication.This study establishes a novel connection between the enzyme RRM2—traditionally recognized for its role in DNA synthesis—and the pathological progression of DKD,thereby filling the gap in identifying the“bridge molecule”between ferroptosis and the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway.
基金support from the Scientific Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College.
摘要Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)and can increase the risk of cognitive impairment,including Alzheimer’s disease.Nuciferine,an alkaloid derived from lotus leaves,shows neuroprotective effects.This study investigated nuciferine’s protective role in T2DM-induced cognitive impairment(T2DM-CI)and its mechanisms.Mouse models were created using high-fat diets and streptozotocin,along with high glucose-induced HT-22 cells.Nuciferine reduced blood glucose,improved cognitive function,and mitigated glial cell activation,neuron and synapse loss in T2DM mice.It enhanced insulin signaling by increasing protein levels of IR,IRS1,and IGF-1R,reversing PI3K and AKT phosphorylation,inhibiting GSK3βactivity,and reducing hyperphosphorylated Tau in HT-22 cells and T2DM mice.mRNA levels of these molecules matched their protein levels.Further studies revealed that nuciferine directly interacts with IR,knocking out IR abolished its effects on the PI3K/AKT pathway.Thus,nuciferine activates the PI3K/AKT pathway via IR,improving insulin resistance and slowing T2DM-CI progression.