The expandable graphite(EG)modified TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by the high shearmethod using the TiO2 nanoparticles(NPs)and EG as precursors,in which the amount of EG doped in TiO2 was 10 wt.%.Followed...The expandable graphite(EG)modified TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by the high shearmethod using the TiO2 nanoparticles(NPs)and EG as precursors,in which the amount of EG doped in TiO2 was 10 wt.%.Followed by the impregnation method,adjusting the pH of the solution to 10,and using the electrostatic adsorption to achieve spatial confinement,the Pt elementswere mainly distributed on the exposed TiO2,thus generating the Pt/10EG-TiO2-10 catalyst.The best CO oxidation activity with the excellent resistance to H2O and SO2 was obtained over the Pt/10EG-TiO2-10 catalyst:CO conversion after 36 hr of the reaction was ca.85%under the harsh condition of 10 vol.%H2O and 100 ppm SO2 at a high gaseous hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 400,000 hr−1.Physicochemical properties of the catalystswere characterized by various techniques.The results showed that the electrostatic adsorption,which riveted the Pt elements mainly on the exposed TiO2 of the support surface,reduced the dispersion of Pt NPs on EG and achieved the effective dispersion of Pt NPs,hence significantly improving CO oxidation activity over the Pt/10EG-TiO2-10 catalyst.The 10 wt.%EG doped in TiO2 caused the TiO2 support to form a more hydrophobic surface,which reduced the adsorption of H2O and SO2 on the catalyst,greatly inhibited deposition of the TiOSO4 and formation of the PtSO4 species as well as suppressed the oxidation of SO2,thus resulting in an improvement in the resistance to H2O and SO2 of the Pt/10EG-TiO2-10 catalyst.展开更多
Nickel-rich cathodes demonstrate superior energy density in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet their thermal and structural instability remains a critical challenge.Particularly at high temperatures,intensified electroly...Nickel-rich cathodes demonstrate superior energy density in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet their thermal and structural instability remains a critical challenge.Particularly at high temperatures,intensified electrolyte side reactions generate increasing amounts of HF,which corrodes the electrode interphases and degrades battery performance.This work introduces Diphenylvinylethoxysilane(DPVS)additive,containing unsaturated bonds and Si-O bond,as a bifunctional additive to design high-performance electrolytes,thereby enhancing the cycling performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)/graphite LIBs at elevated temperatures.At 25℃,after 1200 cycles,the capacity retention of batteries using DPVScontaining electrolyte reached 92%,whereas that of batteries using blank electrolyte was only 77%.At 45℃,DPVS significantly improves the cycling stability,with the cycle numbers to reach 80%capacity retention increasing from 310 to 550.The improvement is attributed to its dual functions;the unsaturated bonds are preferentially oxidized to form a thin and dense interphase through polymerization reactions,while the Si-O bond effectively scavenges HF.Together,they suppress electrolyte decomposition,HF attack on interphases,and structural degradation of NCM811 materials.This work not only develops a functional electrolyte that enhances the long-term cycling performance of NCM811/graphite LIBs but also provides new insights into the design of functional electrolytes.展开更多
Extended light absorption and dynamic charge separation are vital factors that determine the effectivenessof photocatalysts.In this study,a nonmetallic plasmonic S‐scheme photocatalyst was fabricatedby loading 1D pla...Extended light absorption and dynamic charge separation are vital factors that determine the effectivenessof photocatalysts.In this study,a nonmetallic plasmonic S‐scheme photocatalyst was fabricatedby loading 1D plasmonic W18O49nanowires onto 2D g‐C3N4nanosheets.W18O49nanowiresplay the dual role of a light absorption antenna—that extends light adsorption—and a hot electrondonor—that assists the water reduction reaction in a wider light spectrum range.Moreover,S‐scheme charge transfer resulting from the matching bandgaps of W18O49and g‐C3N4can lead tostrong redox capability and high migration speed of the photoinduced charges.Consequently,in thisstudy,W18O49/g‐C3N4hybrids exhibited higher photocatalytic H2 generation than that of pristineg‐C3N4under light irradiation of 420–550 nm.Furthermore,the H2 production rate of thebest‐performing W18O49/g‐C3N4hybrid was 41.5μmol·g−1·h−1upon exposure to monochromaticlight at 550 nm,whereas pure g‐C3N4showed negligible activity.This study promotes novel andenvironmentally friendly hot‐electron‐assisted S‐scheme photocatalysts for the broad‐spectrumutilization of solar light.展开更多
The active site amount of photocatalysts,being the key factors in photocatalytic reactions,directly affects the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst.Pristine graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C3N4)exhibits ...The active site amount of photocatalysts,being the key factors in photocatalytic reactions,directly affects the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst.Pristine graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C3N4)exhibits moderate photocatalytic activity due to insufficient active sites.In this study,cyano‐modified porous g‐C3N4nanosheets(MCN‐0.5)were synthesized through molecular self‐assembly and alkali‐assisted strategies.The cyano group acted as the active site of the photocatalytic reaction,because the good electron‐withdrawing property of the cyano group promoted carrier separation.Benefiting from the effect of the active sites,MCN‐0.5 exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction under visible light irradiation.Notably,the photocatalytic activity of MCN‐0.5 was significantly reduced when the cyano groups were removed by hydrochloric acid(HCl)treatment,further verifying the role of cyano groups as active sites.The photoreduction of Pt nanoparticles provided an intuitive indication that the introduction of cyano groups provided more active sites for the photocatalytic reaction.Furthermore,the controlled experiments showed that g‐C3N4grafted with cyano groups using melamine as the precursor exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity,which proved the versatility of the strategy for enhancing the activity of g‐C3N4via cyano group modification.In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and theoretical calculations were used to investigate the mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction by cyano‐modified g‐C3N4.This work provides a promising route for promoting efficient solar energy conversion by designing active sites in photocatalysts.展开更多
While photoreduction of CO2 to CH 4 is an effective means of producing value-added fuels,common pho-tocatalysts have poor activity and low selectivity in photocatalytic CO2-reduction processes.Even though creati...While photoreduction of CO2 to CH 4 is an effective means of producing value-added fuels,common pho-tocatalysts have poor activity and low selectivity in photocatalytic CO2-reduction processes.Even though creating defects is an effective photocatalyst fabrication route to improve photocatalytic activity,there are some challenges with the facile photocatalyst synthesis method.In this work,an O element is in-troduced into a graphitic carbon nitride(CN)skeleton through a precursory ultraviolet light irradiation pretreatment to increase the visible light absorption and enhance the carrier density of this modified non-metal CN photocatalyst;the charge transfer dynamics thereof are also studied through electrochem-ical tests,photoluminescence spectroscopy,and nanosecond transient absorption.We verify that the op-timized sample exhibits lower charge recombination and a suppressed 84 ns electron-trapping lifetime,compared to the 103 ns electron-trapping lifetime of the CN counterpart,and thereby contributes to ro-bust detrapping and a fast transfer of active electrons.Through density functional theory calculations,we find that the improved light absorption and increased electron density are ascribed to O-element doping,which enhances the CO2 adsorption energy and improves the CO2-to-CH 4 photoreduction activity;it be-comes 17 times higher than that of the bare CN,and the selectivity is 3.8 times higher than that of CN.Moreover,the optimized sample demonstrates excellent cyclic stability in a 24-hour cycle test.展开更多
This paper reported the impedance-type humidity sensor based on Ti3C2Tx/g-C3N4nanomaterials which was fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate.The scanning electron microscopy(S...This paper reported the impedance-type humidity sensor based on Ti3C2Tx/g-C3N4nanomaterials which was fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)measurements were used to demonstrate the successful synthesis and combination of Ti3C2Txand g-C3N4nanomaterials.The performance of the humidity sensor was tested at room temperature.The experimental results showed that the Ti3C2Txnanosheets with g-C3N4nanosheets endowed the humidity sensor with an ultra-high response,rapid responseecovery time,and negligible hysteresis.The complex impedance spectroscopy(CIS)and bode diagrams were used to further analyze the sensing mechanism of the Ti3C2Tx/g-C3N4humidity sensor.The Ti3C2Tx/g-C3N4humidity sensor can monitor skin humidity and high-humidity alarm,which demonstrates great potential applications in various fields.展开更多
As a potential candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs),nickel-rich cathodes encounter significant challenges due to structural instability arising from interphases.In this work,tris(ethenyl)-tris(etheny...As a potential candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs),nickel-rich cathodes encounter significant challenges due to structural instability arising from interphases.In this work,tris(ethenyl)-tris(ethenyl)silyloxysilane (HVDS) with Si–O bonds and unsaturated bonds is introduced as additive designing functional electrolyte to enhance the long-cycle stability of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)/graphite LIBs at elevated temperature.The preferential oxidization and component of HVDS facilitate the generation of an extremely robust and ultra-thin cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) comprising a chemically bonded silane polymer.This interphase effectively suppresses side-reactions of electrolyte,mitigates HF erosion,and reduces irreversible phase transitions.Benefiting from the above merits,the batteries’capacity retention shows a remarkable increase from 20% to 92% after nearly 1550 cycles conducted at room temperature.And under elevated temperature conditions (45℃),the capacity retention remains 80%after 670 cycles,in comparison to a drop to 80%after only 250 cycles with the blank electrolyte.These findings highlight HVDS’s potential to functionalize the electrolyte,marking a breakthrough in improving the longevity and reliability of NCM811/graphite LIBs under challenging conditions.展开更多
Mixed polyanion phosphate Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7(NFPP)is regarded as the most promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),due to its high structural stability and low-cost environmental frien...Mixed polyanion phosphate Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7(NFPP)is regarded as the most promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),due to its high structural stability and low-cost environmental friendliness.However,its intrinsic low conductivity and sluggish Na+diffusion restricted the fast-charge and low-temperature sodium storage.Herein,an NFPP composite encapsulated by in-situ pyrolytic carbon and coupled with expanded graphite(NFPP@C/EG)was constructed via a sol-gel method followed by a ballmill procedure.Due to the dual-carbon modified strategy,this NFPP@C/EG only enhanced the electronic conductivity,but also endowed more channels for Na+diffusion.As cathode for SIBs,the optimized NFPP(M-NFPP@C/EG)delivers excellent rate capability(capacity of~80.5 mAh/g at 50 C)and outstanding cycling stability(11000 cycles at 50 C with capacity retention of 89.85%).Additionally,cyclic voltammetry(CV)confirmed that its sodium storage behavior is pseudocapacitance-controlled,with in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)further elucidating improvements in electrode reaction kinetics.At lower temperatures(0℃),M-NFPP@C/EG demonstrated exceptional cycling performance(8800 cycles at 10 C with capacity retention of 95.81%).Moreover,pouch cells also exhibited excellent stability.This research demonstrates the feasibility of a dual carbon modification strategy in enhancing NFPP and proposes a low-cost,high-rate,and ultra-stable cathode material for SIBs.展开更多
Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolu...Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti3+states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti3+,appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec-1 of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s-1 at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.展开更多
Four kinds of Cu-based composites with different mass ratios of graphite and WS2 as lubricants were fabricated by hot-pressing method. Electrical sliding wear behaviors of the composites were investigated using a bloc...Four kinds of Cu-based composites with different mass ratios of graphite and WS2 as lubricants were fabricated by hot-pressing method. Electrical sliding wear behaviors of the composites were investigated using a block-on-ring tribometer rubbing against Cu-5%Ag alloy ring. The results demonstrated that 800 ~C was the optimum sintering temperature for Cu-graphite-WS2 dual-lubricant composites to obtain the best comprehensive properties of mechanical strength and lubrication performance. Contact voltage drops of the Cu-based composites increased with increasing the mass ratio of WS2 to graphite. The Cu-based composite with 20% graphite and 10% WS2 showed the best wear resistance due to the excellent synergetic lubricating effect of graphite and WS2. The reasonable addition of WS2 into the Cu-graphite composite can remarkably improve the wear resistance without much rise of electrical energy loss which provides a novel principle of designing suitable sliding electrical contact materials for industrial applications.展开更多
By loading nanometer anatase onto exfoliated graphite with the sol-gel method, exfoliated graphite-TiO2 composite (EG-TiO2) can be prepared, which can adsorb oil and can also degrade oil. In a technologic condition ...By loading nanometer anatase onto exfoliated graphite with the sol-gel method, exfoliated graphite-TiO2 composite (EG-TiO2) can be prepared, which can adsorb oil and can also degrade oil. In a technologic condition for preparing EG-TiO2, the impregnated number of times is the most important factor to influence oil-adsorbing capability, that is, when the impregnated number of times increases, the amount of saturation-adsorbed oil decreases. The study of EG-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of machine oil based on the weight-loss method and infrared spectrum method indicates that EG-TiO2 has obvious effect of photocatalytic degradation for machine oil. Its performance is superior to pure nanometer TiO2 powder because nanometer TiO2 in EG-TiO2 has three-dimension laminar structure and comparatively high adsorption capability.展开更多
A Ni Fe_2O_4/expanded graphite(Ni Fe_2O_4/EG)nanocomposite was prepared via a simple and inexpensive synthesis method. Its lithium storage properties were studied with the goal of applying it as an anode in a lithium-...A Ni Fe_2O_4/expanded graphite(Ni Fe_2O_4/EG)nanocomposite was prepared via a simple and inexpensive synthesis method. Its lithium storage properties were studied with the goal of applying it as an anode in a lithium-ion battery. The obtained nanocomposite exhibited a good cycle performance, with a capacity of 601 m Ah g-1at a current of 1 A g-1after 800 cycles. This good performance may beattributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity and layered structure of the EG. Its high mechanical strength could postpone the disintegration of the nanocomposite structure,efficiently accommodate volume changes in the Ni Fe_2O_4-based anodes, and alleviate aggregation of Ni Fe_2O_4 nanoparticles.展开更多
CeO2 based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed gra...CeO2 based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO2 interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO2(CeO2-CNT),graphite-modified CeO2(CeO2-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO2 interfaces with distortion in CeO2,leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO2 interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO2-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO2)and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO2).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2017YFC0210303).
摘要The expandable graphite(EG)modified TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by the high shearmethod using the TiO2 nanoparticles(NPs)and EG as precursors,in which the amount of EG doped in TiO2 was 10 wt.%.Followed by the impregnation method,adjusting the pH of the solution to 10,and using the electrostatic adsorption to achieve spatial confinement,the Pt elementswere mainly distributed on the exposed TiO2,thus generating the Pt/10EG-TiO2-10 catalyst.The best CO oxidation activity with the excellent resistance to H2O and SO2 was obtained over the Pt/10EG-TiO2-10 catalyst:CO conversion after 36 hr of the reaction was ca.85%under the harsh condition of 10 vol.%H2O and 100 ppm SO2 at a high gaseous hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 400,000 hr−1.Physicochemical properties of the catalystswere characterized by various techniques.The results showed that the electrostatic adsorption,which riveted the Pt elements mainly on the exposed TiO2 of the support surface,reduced the dispersion of Pt NPs on EG and achieved the effective dispersion of Pt NPs,hence significantly improving CO oxidation activity over the Pt/10EG-TiO2-10 catalyst.The 10 wt.%EG doped in TiO2 caused the TiO2 support to form a more hydrophobic surface,which reduced the adsorption of H2O and SO2 on the catalyst,greatly inhibited deposition of the TiOSO4 and formation of the PtSO4 species as well as suppressed the oxidation of SO2,thus resulting in an improvement in the resistance to H2O and SO2 of the Pt/10EG-TiO2-10 catalyst.
基金financial support from the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,China(No.252102240011)。
摘要Nickel-rich cathodes demonstrate superior energy density in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet their thermal and structural instability remains a critical challenge.Particularly at high temperatures,intensified electrolyte side reactions generate increasing amounts of HF,which corrodes the electrode interphases and degrades battery performance.This work introduces Diphenylvinylethoxysilane(DPVS)additive,containing unsaturated bonds and Si-O bond,as a bifunctional additive to design high-performance electrolytes,thereby enhancing the cycling performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)/graphite LIBs at elevated temperatures.At 25℃,after 1200 cycles,the capacity retention of batteries using DPVScontaining electrolyte reached 92%,whereas that of batteries using blank electrolyte was only 77%.At 45℃,DPVS significantly improves the cycling stability,with the cycle numbers to reach 80%capacity retention increasing from 310 to 550.The improvement is attributed to its dual functions;the unsaturated bonds are preferentially oxidized to form a thin and dense interphase through polymerization reactions,while the Si-O bond effectively scavenges HF.Together,they suppress electrolyte decomposition,HF attack on interphases,and structural degradation of NCM811 materials.This work not only develops a functional electrolyte that enhances the long-term cycling performance of NCM811/graphite LIBs but also provides new insights into the design of functional electrolytes.
摘要Extended light absorption and dynamic charge separation are vital factors that determine the effectivenessof photocatalysts.In this study,a nonmetallic plasmonic S‐scheme photocatalyst was fabricatedby loading 1D plasmonic W18O49nanowires onto 2D g‐C3N4nanosheets.W18O49nanowiresplay the dual role of a light absorption antenna—that extends light adsorption—and a hot electrondonor—that assists the water reduction reaction in a wider light spectrum range.Moreover,S‐scheme charge transfer resulting from the matching bandgaps of W18O49and g‐C3N4can lead tostrong redox capability and high migration speed of the photoinduced charges.Consequently,in thisstudy,W18O49/g‐C3N4hybrids exhibited higher photocatalytic H2 generation than that of pristineg‐C3N4under light irradiation of 420–550 nm.Furthermore,the H2 production rate of thebest‐performing W18O49/g‐C3N4hybrid was 41.5μmol·g−1·h−1upon exposure to monochromaticlight at 550 nm,whereas pure g‐C3N4showed negligible activity.This study promotes novel andenvironmentally friendly hot‐electron‐assisted S‐scheme photocatalysts for the broad‐spectrumutilization of solar light.
摘要The active site amount of photocatalysts,being the key factors in photocatalytic reactions,directly affects the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst.Pristine graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C3N4)exhibits moderate photocatalytic activity due to insufficient active sites.In this study,cyano‐modified porous g‐C3N4nanosheets(MCN‐0.5)were synthesized through molecular self‐assembly and alkali‐assisted strategies.The cyano group acted as the active site of the photocatalytic reaction,because the good electron‐withdrawing property of the cyano group promoted carrier separation.Benefiting from the effect of the active sites,MCN‐0.5 exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction under visible light irradiation.Notably,the photocatalytic activity of MCN‐0.5 was significantly reduced when the cyano groups were removed by hydrochloric acid(HCl)treatment,further verifying the role of cyano groups as active sites.The photoreduction of Pt nanoparticles provided an intuitive indication that the introduction of cyano groups provided more active sites for the photocatalytic reaction.Furthermore,the controlled experiments showed that g‐C3N4grafted with cyano groups using melamine as the precursor exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity,which proved the versatility of the strategy for enhancing the activity of g‐C3N4via cyano group modification.In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and theoretical calculations were used to investigate the mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction by cyano‐modified g‐C3N4.This work provides a promising route for promoting efficient solar energy conversion by designing active sites in photocatalysts.
摘要While photoreduction of CO2 to CH 4 is an effective means of producing value-added fuels,common pho-tocatalysts have poor activity and low selectivity in photocatalytic CO2-reduction processes.Even though creating defects is an effective photocatalyst fabrication route to improve photocatalytic activity,there are some challenges with the facile photocatalyst synthesis method.In this work,an O element is in-troduced into a graphitic carbon nitride(CN)skeleton through a precursory ultraviolet light irradiation pretreatment to increase the visible light absorption and enhance the carrier density of this modified non-metal CN photocatalyst;the charge transfer dynamics thereof are also studied through electrochem-ical tests,photoluminescence spectroscopy,and nanosecond transient absorption.We verify that the op-timized sample exhibits lower charge recombination and a suppressed 84 ns electron-trapping lifetime,compared to the 103 ns electron-trapping lifetime of the CN counterpart,and thereby contributes to ro-bust detrapping and a fast transfer of active electrons.Through density functional theory calculations,we find that the improved light absorption and increased electron density are ascribed to O-element doping,which enhances the CO2 adsorption energy and improves the CO2-to-CH 4 photoreduction activity;it be-comes 17 times higher than that of the bare CN,and the selectivity is 3.8 times higher than that of CN.Moreover,the optimized sample demonstrates excellent cyclic stability in a 24-hour cycle test.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51777215 and 52005147)the Special Foundation of Taishan Scholar Project。
摘要This paper reported the impedance-type humidity sensor based on Ti3C2Tx/g-C3N4nanomaterials which was fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)measurements were used to demonstrate the successful synthesis and combination of Ti3C2Txand g-C3N4nanomaterials.The performance of the humidity sensor was tested at room temperature.The experimental results showed that the Ti3C2Txnanosheets with g-C3N4nanosheets endowed the humidity sensor with an ultra-high response,rapid responseecovery time,and negligible hysteresis.The complex impedance spectroscopy(CIS)and bode diagrams were used to further analyze the sensing mechanism of the Ti3C2Tx/g-C3N4humidity sensor.The Ti3C2Tx/g-C3N4humidity sensor can monitor skin humidity and high-humidity alarm,which demonstrates great potential applications in various fields.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Innovation Project of Graduate School of South China Normal University (No. 2024KYLX081)。
摘要As a potential candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs),nickel-rich cathodes encounter significant challenges due to structural instability arising from interphases.In this work,tris(ethenyl)-tris(ethenyl)silyloxysilane (HVDS) with Si–O bonds and unsaturated bonds is introduced as additive designing functional electrolyte to enhance the long-cycle stability of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)/graphite LIBs at elevated temperature.The preferential oxidization and component of HVDS facilitate the generation of an extremely robust and ultra-thin cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) comprising a chemically bonded silane polymer.This interphase effectively suppresses side-reactions of electrolyte,mitigates HF erosion,and reduces irreversible phase transitions.Benefiting from the above merits,the batteries’capacity retention shows a remarkable increase from 20% to 92% after nearly 1550 cycles conducted at room temperature.And under elevated temperature conditions (45℃),the capacity retention remains 80%after 670 cycles,in comparison to a drop to 80%after only 250 cycles with the blank electrolyte.These findings highlight HVDS’s potential to functionalize the electrolyte,marking a breakthrough in improving the longevity and reliability of NCM811/graphite LIBs under challenging conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB2502000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20332,51771076,U21A200970,52301266)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.2024A04J3332)。
摘要Mixed polyanion phosphate Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7(NFPP)is regarded as the most promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),due to its high structural stability and low-cost environmental friendliness.However,its intrinsic low conductivity and sluggish Na+diffusion restricted the fast-charge and low-temperature sodium storage.Herein,an NFPP composite encapsulated by in-situ pyrolytic carbon and coupled with expanded graphite(NFPP@C/EG)was constructed via a sol-gel method followed by a ballmill procedure.Due to the dual-carbon modified strategy,this NFPP@C/EG only enhanced the electronic conductivity,but also endowed more channels for Na+diffusion.As cathode for SIBs,the optimized NFPP(M-NFPP@C/EG)delivers excellent rate capability(capacity of~80.5 mAh/g at 50 C)and outstanding cycling stability(11000 cycles at 50 C with capacity retention of 89.85%).Additionally,cyclic voltammetry(CV)confirmed that its sodium storage behavior is pseudocapacitance-controlled,with in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)further elucidating improvements in electrode reaction kinetics.At lower temperatures(0℃),M-NFPP@C/EG demonstrated exceptional cycling performance(8800 cycles at 10 C with capacity retention of 95.81%).Moreover,pouch cells also exhibited excellent stability.This research demonstrates the feasibility of a dual carbon modification strategy in enhancing NFPP and proposes a low-cost,high-rate,and ultra-stable cathode material for SIBs.
基金support from the European Union Horizon 2020 program(project HERMES,nr.952184)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic for supporting CEMNAT(LM2023037)+1 种基金Czech-NanoLab(LM2023051)infrastructures for providing ALD,SEM,EDX,XPS,TEM,and XRDCzech Science Foundation(project 23-08019X,EXPRO).
摘要Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti3+states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti3+,appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec-1 of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s-1 at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.
基金Projects(9102601860979017) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20110111110015) supported by the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China
摘要Four kinds of Cu-based composites with different mass ratios of graphite and WS2 as lubricants were fabricated by hot-pressing method. Electrical sliding wear behaviors of the composites were investigated using a block-on-ring tribometer rubbing against Cu-5%Ag alloy ring. The results demonstrated that 800 ~C was the optimum sintering temperature for Cu-graphite-WS2 dual-lubricant composites to obtain the best comprehensive properties of mechanical strength and lubrication performance. Contact voltage drops of the Cu-based composites increased with increasing the mass ratio of WS2 to graphite. The Cu-based composite with 20% graphite and 10% WS2 showed the best wear resistance due to the excellent synergetic lubricating effect of graphite and WS2. The reasonable addition of WS2 into the Cu-graphite composite can remarkably improve the wear resistance without much rise of electrical energy loss which provides a novel principle of designing suitable sliding electrical contact materials for industrial applications.
摘要By loading nanometer anatase onto exfoliated graphite with the sol-gel method, exfoliated graphite-TiO2 composite (EG-TiO2) can be prepared, which can adsorb oil and can also degrade oil. In a technologic condition for preparing EG-TiO2, the impregnated number of times is the most important factor to influence oil-adsorbing capability, that is, when the impregnated number of times increases, the amount of saturation-adsorbed oil decreases. The study of EG-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of machine oil based on the weight-loss method and infrared spectrum method indicates that EG-TiO2 has obvious effect of photocatalytic degradation for machine oil. Its performance is superior to pure nanometer TiO2 powder because nanometer TiO2 in EG-TiO2 has three-dimension laminar structure and comparatively high adsorption capability.
基金support from the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB239702)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21371121, 21506126 and 51502174)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Foundation (Grant Nos. JCYJ20150324141711645,JCYJ20150324141711616 and JCYJ20150626090504916)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015 M582401 and 2015 M572349)
摘要A Ni Fe_2O_4/expanded graphite(Ni Fe_2O_4/EG)nanocomposite was prepared via a simple and inexpensive synthesis method. Its lithium storage properties were studied with the goal of applying it as an anode in a lithium-ion battery. The obtained nanocomposite exhibited a good cycle performance, with a capacity of 601 m Ah g-1at a current of 1 A g-1after 800 cycles. This good performance may beattributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity and layered structure of the EG. Its high mechanical strength could postpone the disintegration of the nanocomposite structure,efficiently accommodate volume changes in the Ni Fe_2O_4-based anodes, and alleviate aggregation of Ni Fe_2O_4 nanoparticles.
摘要CeO2 based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO2 interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO2(CeO2-CNT),graphite-modified CeO2(CeO2-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO2 interfaces with distortion in CeO2,leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO2 interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO2-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO2)and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO2).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.