The ZnO-modified TiO2 electrode was prepared by adding Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O to the TiO2 colloid during the sol-gel production process, and was used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The open circuit voltage ...The ZnO-modified TiO2 electrode was prepared by adding Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O to the TiO2 colloid during the sol-gel production process, and was used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (if) of the cells were improved sig- nificantly. The performances of the ZnO-modified TiO2 electrode such as dark current, transient photocurrent, impedance, absorption spectra, and fiat band potential (Vfb) were investigated. It is found that the interface charge recombination impedance increases and Vfb shifts about 200 mV toward the cathodic potential. The effect mechanism of ZnO modification on the performance of DSCs may be that ZnO occupies the surface states of the TiO2 film.展开更多
TiO2 nanotube (TINT) electrodes anodized in fluorinated organic solutions were successfully prepared on Ti sheets. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed ...TiO2 nanotube (TINT) electrodes anodized in fluorinated organic solutions were successfully prepared on Ti sheets. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to characterize the TiNT electrodes. The linear voltammetry results under irradiation showed that the TiNT electrode annealed at 450℃ presented the highest photoelectrochemical activity. By combining photocatalytic with electrochemical process, a significantly synergetic effect on ammonia degradation was observed with Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte at pH 10.7. Furthermore, the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency on the ammonia degradation was greatly enhanced in presence of chloride ions without the limitation ofpH. The degradation rate was improved by 14.8 times reaching 4.98 × 10^-2 min^-1 at pH 10.7 and a faster degradation rate of 6.34 × 10^-2 min^-1 was obtained at pH 3.01. The in situ photoelectrocatalytic generated active chlorine was proposed to be responsible for the improved efficiency. On the other hand, an enhanced degradation of ammonia using TiNT electrode fabricated in fluorinated organic solution was also confirmed compared to TiNT electrode anodized in fluorinated water solution and TiO2 film electrode fabricated by sol-gel method. Finally, the effect of chloride concentration was also discussed.展开更多
Particular kinds of TiO2 nanocrystalline electrodes were sensitized by aluminum phthalocyanines modified with sulfonate groups [ Al(OH) PcSm ]. It was found that in the red region, the electrodes show obvious photoe...Particular kinds of TiO2 nanocrystalline electrodes were sensitized by aluminum phthalocyanines modified with sulfonate groups [ Al(OH) PcSm ]. It was found that in the red region, the electrodes show obvious photoelectrical responses. The surface photovoltage spectra and photocurrent action spectra indicate that in the red region, the monomers of aluminum phthalocyanines have a greater influence on the determination of the photoelectrical response of TiO2 electrodes than the dimers. The dye-sensitized solar cells were obtained by using the aluminum phthalocyaninessensitized TiO2 electrodes and Pt electrodes, which have an open circuit photovoltage of 360 mV, a short circuit photocurrent of 39. 4 μA/cm^2 , a fill factor of 0. 54 and a maximum power output of 7.65 μW/cm^2 under a light intensity of 50 mW/cm^2.展开更多
The microporous nanocry'sta1line TiO2 electrode with large surface roughness factor hasbeen prepared on a conducting glass support. Modification of the TiO2 electrode by in situ preparingquantum sized RuS2 particl...The microporous nanocry'sta1line TiO2 electrode with large surface roughness factor hasbeen prepared on a conducting glass support. Modification of the TiO2 electrode by in situ preparingquantum sized RuS2 particles on the surface of TiO2 electrode extends the optical absorptionspectrum and photocurrent action specmim into visible region. In addition, compared with RuS2 bulknlaterials- a blue shifi in both absorption spectrum and photocurrent action speCtrum of RuS2rriO2elcctrode is obserived and explained in terms of quantum sized effect.展开更多
A dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO 2 solar cell(DYSC) was assembled, of which counter electrode was modified already by platinum, nickel and carbon. It was found that the DYSC had better photoelectric performance wh...A dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO 2 solar cell(DYSC) was assembled, of which counter electrode was modified already by platinum, nickel and carbon. It was found that the DYSC had better photoelectric performance when the electrode was modified by platinum than by nickel and carbon. The influence of the incidence light wavelength on the incidence monochromatic photoelectric conversion efficiency(IPCE) was investigated. The result shows that the IPCE mainly depends on the short-circuit current density(I SC) of a DYSC, and the IPCE reaches 48.32% under the irradiation with the wavelength of 560 nm when the counter electrode of a DYSC was modified by platinum. The influence of incident light intensity on the photoelectric properties of a DYSC was also investigated. It was found that the I SC and open-circuit voltage(V OC) increased and the fill factor(f f) of the DYSC decreased with the increase of the incident light intensity.展开更多
The electrochemical behavior of vitamin C(ascorbic acid or AA) is investigated on the surface of a carbon-paste electrode modified with TiO2 nanoparticles and 2,2'-(1,2 butanediylbis(nitriloethylidyne))-bis-hyd...The electrochemical behavior of vitamin C(ascorbic acid or AA) is investigated on the surface of a carbon-paste electrode modified with TiO2 nanoparticles and 2,2'-(1,2 butanediylbis(nitriloethylidyne))-bis-hydroquinone(BBNBH).The prepared modified electrode showed an efficient catalytic role in the electrochemical oxidation of AA,leading to remarkable decrease in oxidation overpotential and enhancement of the kinetics of the electrode reaction.This modified electrode exhibits well-separated oxidation peaks for AA and uric acid(UA).The modified electrode is successfully applied for the accurate determination of AA in pharmaceutical preparations.展开更多
Pd-MnO2/TiO2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO2/TiO2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electro...Pd-MnO2/TiO2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO2/TiO2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.展开更多
A photoelectrochemical process in the degradation of an azodye (Acid Orange II) on a Pt/TiO 2 film electrode was investigated. By using the glass device and the voltage stabilized source of direct current, decolorizat...A photoelectrochemical process in the degradation of an azodye (Acid Orange II) on a Pt/TiO 2 film electrode was investigated. By using the glass device and the voltage stabilized source of direct current, decolorization ratios higher than 78% were observed during a period of 5h. Comparing this value with the sum of the decolorization ratios obtained by a sole application of electrochemical(lower than 3%) and photochemical(about 23%) procedures, a significant synergic effect between both processes was observed. The effects of adscititious voltage and pH value on the decolorization ratios were obvious while the effect of the amount of aeration was minor.展开更多
Nano sized powders of TiO2 (titanium dioxide) and Nb2O5 (Niobium (V) oxide) were used to fabricate TiO2/Nb2O5 composites thin films by EPD (electrophoretic deposition) technique. The metal oxide powders, toget...Nano sized powders of TiO2 (titanium dioxide) and Nb2O5 (Niobium (V) oxide) were used to fabricate TiO2/Nb2O5 composites thin films by EPD (electrophoretic deposition) technique. The metal oxide powders, together with magnesium nitrate hexahydrate pellets, were suspended in propan-2-ol inside an EPD cell. The electrodes, placed 1.2 cm apart, were partially immersed in the suspension and a DC potential applied across them. Key EPD process parameters, which include applied DC electric field, deposition time and solid concentration in suspension, were optimized through visual inspection and from UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer spectra. The highest (55%) transmittance was obtained for films with deposition time of 90 s, powder concentration of 0.01 g/40 mL, and 35 V DC (direct current) voltage. XRD micrographs confirmed that TiO2 and Nb2O5 particles were presented in the composite film. SEM (scanning electron microscope) micrographs of the composite electrode thin films showed that porous films of high quality with well controlled morphology were deposited by using the EPD technique.展开更多
Larger amounts of alkalis, alkali earth metals and sulfides in flue gas from glass furnace were easier to deactivate selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst compared to the flue gases from other stationary sour...Larger amounts of alkalis, alkali earth metals and sulfides in flue gas from glass furnace were easier to deactivate selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst compared to the flue gases from other stationary sources. Catalyst regeneration has been an emerging research topic for flue gas denitrification in glass furnace. Regeneration of the deactivated TiO2-ZrO2-CeO2 /Al2TiO 5 -TiO2-SiO2 (ATS) complex phase ceramics catalysts used for NH3 -SCR of NO x in glass furnace was studied in this work. Effects of regeneration methods, including washing with different aqueous solutions and sulfuric acid, thermal regeneration, thermal reduction regeneration, and thermal regeneration with SO2 , on catalytic performance were comparatively investigated. In comparison of catalytic activities between the catalysts before and after regeneration, results showed that washing was the most effective regeneration method, and the sulfuric acid concentration of the washing solution was an important factor. Washing time directly affected catalyst regeneration efficiency and catalyst life. The regenerated TiO2-ZrO2 -CeO2 /ATS catalyst regained more than 90% NO conversion after being washed with 10 wt.% H2SO4 for 30 min.展开更多
The preparation of peroxodisulfated zirconia titania(PSZT) solid super acid has been investigated as function of molar ratio of Ti to Zr, impregnation time, calcination time and temperature in esterification of maleic...The preparation of peroxodisulfated zirconia titania(PSZT) solid super acid has been investigated as function of molar ratio of Ti to Zr, impregnation time, calcination time and temperature in esterification of maleic anhydride with n octanol. The highest yield of dioctyl maleate was 98 2% at the optimum reaction conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No.2006CB202605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50473055)
摘要The ZnO-modified TiO2 electrode was prepared by adding Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O to the TiO2 colloid during the sol-gel production process, and was used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (if) of the cells were improved sig- nificantly. The performances of the ZnO-modified TiO2 electrode such as dark current, transient photocurrent, impedance, absorption spectra, and fiat band potential (Vfb) were investigated. It is found that the interface charge recombination impedance increases and Vfb shifts about 200 mV toward the cathodic potential. The effect mechanism of ZnO modification on the performance of DSCs may be that ZnO occupies the surface states of the TiO2 film.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21277134, 21107103)the State Key Laboratory of Environmental, Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
摘要TiO2 nanotube (TINT) electrodes anodized in fluorinated organic solutions were successfully prepared on Ti sheets. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to characterize the TiNT electrodes. The linear voltammetry results under irradiation showed that the TiNT electrode annealed at 450℃ presented the highest photoelectrochemical activity. By combining photocatalytic with electrochemical process, a significantly synergetic effect on ammonia degradation was observed with Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte at pH 10.7. Furthermore, the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency on the ammonia degradation was greatly enhanced in presence of chloride ions without the limitation ofpH. The degradation rate was improved by 14.8 times reaching 4.98 × 10^-2 min^-1 at pH 10.7 and a faster degradation rate of 6.34 × 10^-2 min^-1 was obtained at pH 3.01. The in situ photoelectrocatalytic generated active chlorine was proposed to be responsible for the improved efficiency. On the other hand, an enhanced degradation of ammonia using TiNT electrode fabricated in fluorinated organic solution was also confirmed compared to TiNT electrode anodized in fluorinated water solution and TiO2 film electrode fabricated by sol-gel method. Finally, the effect of chloride concentration was also discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 60271020 and 20125513)
摘要Particular kinds of TiO2 nanocrystalline electrodes were sensitized by aluminum phthalocyanines modified with sulfonate groups [ Al(OH) PcSm ]. It was found that in the red region, the electrodes show obvious photoelectrical responses. The surface photovoltage spectra and photocurrent action spectra indicate that in the red region, the monomers of aluminum phthalocyanines have a greater influence on the determination of the photoelectrical response of TiO2 electrodes than the dimers. The dye-sensitized solar cells were obtained by using the aluminum phthalocyaninessensitized TiO2 electrodes and Pt electrodes, which have an open circuit photovoltage of 360 mV, a short circuit photocurrent of 39. 4 μA/cm^2 , a fill factor of 0. 54 and a maximum power output of 7.65 μW/cm^2 under a light intensity of 50 mW/cm^2.
摘要The microporous nanocry'sta1line TiO2 electrode with large surface roughness factor hasbeen prepared on a conducting glass support. Modification of the TiO2 electrode by in situ preparingquantum sized RuS2 particles on the surface of TiO2 electrode extends the optical absorptionspectrum and photocurrent action specmim into visible region. In addition, compared with RuS2 bulknlaterials- a blue shifi in both absorption spectrum and photocurrent action speCtrum of RuS2rriO2elcctrode is obserived and explained in terms of quantum sized effect.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 5 0 0 82 0 0 3,5 0 372 0 2 2 ) and the Natural ScienceFoundation of Fujian Province,China(No. 2 0 0 1I0 0 6,E0 2 10 0 2 3)
摘要A dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO 2 solar cell(DYSC) was assembled, of which counter electrode was modified already by platinum, nickel and carbon. It was found that the DYSC had better photoelectric performance when the electrode was modified by platinum than by nickel and carbon. The influence of the incidence light wavelength on the incidence monochromatic photoelectric conversion efficiency(IPCE) was investigated. The result shows that the IPCE mainly depends on the short-circuit current density(I SC) of a DYSC, and the IPCE reaches 48.32% under the irradiation with the wavelength of 560 nm when the counter electrode of a DYSC was modified by platinum. The influence of incident light intensity on the photoelectric properties of a DYSC was also investigated. It was found that the I SC and open-circuit voltage(V OC) increased and the fill factor(f f) of the DYSC decreased with the increase of the incident light intensity.
摘要The electrochemical behavior of vitamin C(ascorbic acid or AA) is investigated on the surface of a carbon-paste electrode modified with TiO2 nanoparticles and 2,2'-(1,2 butanediylbis(nitriloethylidyne))-bis-hydroquinone(BBNBH).The prepared modified electrode showed an efficient catalytic role in the electrochemical oxidation of AA,leading to remarkable decrease in oxidation overpotential and enhancement of the kinetics of the electrode reaction.This modified electrode exhibits well-separated oxidation peaks for AA and uric acid(UA).The modified electrode is successfully applied for the accurate determination of AA in pharmaceutical preparations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51178138)the National Creative Research Groups of China (No. 51121062)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (No. 2010DX03)
摘要Pd-MnO2/TiO2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO2/TiO2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.
摘要A photoelectrochemical process in the degradation of an azodye (Acid Orange II) on a Pt/TiO 2 film electrode was investigated. By using the glass device and the voltage stabilized source of direct current, decolorization ratios higher than 78% were observed during a period of 5h. Comparing this value with the sum of the decolorization ratios obtained by a sole application of electrochemical(lower than 3%) and photochemical(about 23%) procedures, a significant synergic effect between both processes was observed. The effects of adscititious voltage and pH value on the decolorization ratios were obvious while the effect of the amount of aeration was minor.
摘要Nano sized powders of TiO2 (titanium dioxide) and Nb2O5 (Niobium (V) oxide) were used to fabricate TiO2/Nb2O5 composites thin films by EPD (electrophoretic deposition) technique. The metal oxide powders, together with magnesium nitrate hexahydrate pellets, were suspended in propan-2-ol inside an EPD cell. The electrodes, placed 1.2 cm apart, were partially immersed in the suspension and a DC potential applied across them. Key EPD process parameters, which include applied DC electric field, deposition time and solid concentration in suspension, were optimized through visual inspection and from UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer spectra. The highest (55%) transmittance was obtained for films with deposition time of 90 s, powder concentration of 0.01 g/40 mL, and 35 V DC (direct current) voltage. XRD micrographs confirmed that TiO2 and Nb2O5 particles were presented in the composite film. SEM (scanning electron microscope) micrographs of the composite electrode thin films showed that porous films of high quality with well controlled morphology were deposited by using the EPD technique.
摘要采用溶胶-凝胶法制备高活性Ti基纳米TiO2-ZrO2膜电极.通过X射线衍射分析表明,纳米TiO2-ZrO2粉体呈微-纳二级结构.扫描电子显微镜测试表明,颗粒平均尺寸约为30 nm.通过循环伏安和恒电流电解技术研究发现,TianoTiO2-ZrO2电极对马来酸电催化还原制备丁二酸的活性要高于TianoTiO2电极,反应过程受扩散控制.以钛基氧化钌电极为阳极,Tiano TiO2-ZrO2膜电极为阴极进行恒电流电解实验.结果表明,控制电流密度20 mA cm-2,温度60℃,丁二酸的产率达到96%.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51272105,51172107,21106071)the New Teachers'Fund for Doctor Stations Sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China(20113221120004)+1 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAE01B03)the Supporting Program for Sci&Tech Research of Jiangsu Province of China(2011023)
摘要Larger amounts of alkalis, alkali earth metals and sulfides in flue gas from glass furnace were easier to deactivate selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst compared to the flue gases from other stationary sources. Catalyst regeneration has been an emerging research topic for flue gas denitrification in glass furnace. Regeneration of the deactivated TiO2-ZrO2-CeO2 /Al2TiO 5 -TiO2-SiO2 (ATS) complex phase ceramics catalysts used for NH3 -SCR of NO x in glass furnace was studied in this work. Effects of regeneration methods, including washing with different aqueous solutions and sulfuric acid, thermal regeneration, thermal reduction regeneration, and thermal regeneration with SO2 , on catalytic performance were comparatively investigated. In comparison of catalytic activities between the catalysts before and after regeneration, results showed that washing was the most effective regeneration method, and the sulfuric acid concentration of the washing solution was an important factor. Washing time directly affected catalyst regeneration efficiency and catalyst life. The regenerated TiO2-ZrO2 -CeO2 /ATS catalyst regained more than 90% NO conversion after being washed with 10 wt.% H2SO4 for 30 min.
摘要The preparation of peroxodisulfated zirconia titania(PSZT) solid super acid has been investigated as function of molar ratio of Ti to Zr, impregnation time, calcination time and temperature in esterification of maleic anhydride with n octanol. The highest yield of dioctyl maleate was 98 2% at the optimum reaction conditions.