Automatic vectorization of topographic map elements is a core task for the rapid update and intelligent upgrade of map data in the surveying, mapping and geographic information industry. Traditional vectorization meth...Automatic vectorization of topographic map elements is a core task for the rapid update and intelligent upgrade of map data in the surveying, mapping and geographic information industry. Traditional vectorization methods, when dealing with complex terrain features, generally have problems of insufficient accuracy and low degree of automation, highly rely on manual post-processing, and the production efficiency is difficult to meet the demand for large-scale data update. With the technological breakthroughs of deep learning in image recognition and segmentation, a new path has been provided for the intelligent extraction and vectorization of topographic map features. This paper presents a deep learning-based framework for automatic vectorization of topographic map features. It first analyzes the morphology and distribution patterns of point, line, and surface topographic features, standardizes the construction process of the training sample set, and focuses on improving the recognition effect of fine and dense linear features by improving the network core structure and introducing multi-scale feature fusion and context information utilization strategies. Build a full-process post-processing system from pixel recognition results to complete vectorization results, covering key links such as geometric vectorization reconstruction, topological relationship construction, and automatic assignment of semantic attributes. Verified by multiple sets of comparative experiments, this solution has significant advantages over traditional methods in terms of element recognition integrity and vectorization geometry accuracy, greatly enhancing the level of job automation and providing practical and feasible technical support for large-scale high-precision geographic information data production.展开更多
Chemical processes are complex, for which traditional neural network models usually can not lead to satisfactory accuracy. Selective neural network ensemble is an effective way to enhance the generalization accuracy o...Chemical processes are complex, for which traditional neural network models usually can not lead to satisfactory accuracy. Selective neural network ensemble is an effective way to enhance the generalization accuracy of networks, but there are some problems, e.g., lacking of unified definition of diversity among component neural networks and difficult to improve the accuracy by selecting if the diversities of available networks are small. In this study, the output errors of networks are vectorized, the diversity of networks is defined based on the error vectors, and the size of ensemble is analyzed. Then an error vectorization based selective neural network ensemble (EVSNE) is proposed, in which the error vector of each network can offset that of the other networks by training the component networks orderly. Thus the component networks have large diversity. Experiments and comparisons over standard data sets and actual chemical process data set for production of high-density polyethylene demonstrate that EVSNE performs better in generalization ability.展开更多
MacCormack explicit scheme and Baldwin-Lomax algebraic turbulent model are employed to solve the axisymmetric compressible Navier-Stokes equations for the numerical simulation of the supersonic mustanl floats interact...MacCormack explicit scheme and Baldwin-Lomax algebraic turbulent model are employed to solve the axisymmetric compressible Navier-Stokes equations for the numerical simulation of the supersonic mustanl floats interacted with transverse injection at the base of a cone. A temperature switch function must be added to the artificial viscous model suggested by jameson etc to enhance the scheme's ability to eliminate oscillation for some injection case.The typical code optimization techniques about vectorization and some useful concepts and terminology about multiprocessing of YH-2 parallel supercmputer is given and explatined with some examples After reconstruction and optimization the code gets a spedup 5 .973 on pipeline computer YH- 1 and gets a speedup 1 886 for 2 processors and 3.545 for 4 processors on YH-2 parallel supeercomputer by using domain decomposition method..展开更多
The advantages of genome selection(GS) in animal and plant breeding are self-evident.Traditional parametric models have disadvantage in better fit the increasingly large sequencing data and capture complex effects acc...The advantages of genome selection(GS) in animal and plant breeding are self-evident.Traditional parametric models have disadvantage in better fit the increasingly large sequencing data and capture complex effects accurately.Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable potential in addressing these challenges.In this study,we introduced the concept of mixed kernel functions to explore the performance of support vector machine regression(SVR) in GS.Six single kernel functions(SVR_L,SVR_C,SVR_G,SVR_P,SVR_S,SVR_L) and four mixed kernel functions(SVR_GS,SVR_GP,SVR_LS,SVR_LP) were used to predict genome breeding values.The prediction accuracy,mean squared error(MSE) and mean absolute error(MAE) were used as evaluation indicators to compare with two traditional parametric models(GBLUP,BayesB) and two popular machine learning models(RF,KcRR).The results indicate that in most cases,the performance of the mixed kernel function model significantly outperforms that of GBLUP,BayesB and single kernel function.For instance,for T1 in the pig dataset,the predictive accuracy of SVR_GS is improved by 10% compared to GBLUP,and by approximately 4.4 and 18.6% compared to SVR_G and SVR_S respectively.For E1 in the wheat dataset,SVR_GS achieves 13.3% higher prediction accuracy than GBLUP.Among single kernel functions,the Laplacian and Gaussian kernel functions yield similar results,with the Gaussian kernel function performing better.The mixed kernel function notably reduces the MSE and MAE when compared to all single kernel functions.Furthermore,regarding runtime,SVR_GS and SVR_GP mixed kernel functions run approximately three times faster than GBLUP in the pig dataset,with only a slight increase in runtime compared to the single kernel function model.In summary,the mixed kernel function model of SVR demonstrates speed and accuracy competitiveness,and the model such as SVR_GS has important application potential for GS.展开更多
Reconstructing accurate urban building models remains challenging because of large-scale variability and complex topologies.We introduce a practical multi-step framework that reconstructs a single building from a dens...Reconstructing accurate urban building models remains challenging because of large-scale variability and complex topologies.We introduce a practical multi-step framework that reconstructs a single building from a dense triangular mesh by explicitly exploiting its block-wise composition.The pipeline first partitioned the mesh into spatially coherent regions,then extracted height-aware contours,and classified the geometry into facades,roofs,and appurtenances.For each part,we performed contour-guided vectorized modeling with profile fitting and consistency constraints,producing watertight,semantically structured models at the level of detail(LOD)2.3.The interactive refinement module further supported user adjustments to resolve rare failures and enforced design regularity.The proposed decomposition and layered fitting yielded compact outputs while preserving the salient geometry and made the reconstruction robust across scales and moderate noise.We also analyzed the modeling assumptions and implementation details to ensure reproducibility.Overall,this study offers a component-aware,engineering-ready solution for converting unstructured meshes into structured building models that are amenable to downstream urban modeling and visualization.展开更多
Safeguarding modern networks from cyber intrusions has become increasingly challenging as attackers continually refine their evasion tactics.Although numerousmachine-learning-based intrusion detection systems(IDS)have...Safeguarding modern networks from cyber intrusions has become increasingly challenging as attackers continually refine their evasion tactics.Although numerousmachine-learning-based intrusion detection systems(IDS)have been developed,their effectiveness is often constrained by high dimensionality and redundant features that degrade both accuracy and efficiency.This study introduces a hybrid feature-selection framework that integrates the exploration capability of Prairie Dog Optimization(PDO)with the exploitation behavior of Ant Colony Optimization(ACO).The proposed PDO–ACO algorithm identifies a concise yet discriminative subset of features from the NSLKDD dataset and evaluates them using a Support Vector Machine(SVM)classifier.Experimental analyses reveal that the PDO–ACO model achieves superior detection accuracy of 98%while significantly lowering false alarms and computational overhead.Further validation on the CEC2017 benchmark suite confirms the robustness and adaptability of the hybrid model across diverse optimization landscapes,positioning PDO–ACO as an efficient and scalable approach for intelligent intrusion detection.展开更多
Support vector clustering(SVC)has emerged as a powerful unsupervised learning technique,derived from support vector machines(SVMs),offering a robust solution to a wide range of complex clustering challenges.Its unique...Support vector clustering(SVC)has emerged as a powerful unsupervised learning technique,derived from support vector machines(SVMs),offering a robust solution to a wide range of complex clustering challenges.Its unique ability to handle noise,outliers,and clusters of diverse,irregular shapes sets it apart from traditional clustering methods.SVC's distinct advantage lies in its capacity to autonomously determine the optimal number of clusters without prior topological knowledge of the data.SVC maps data to a higher-dimensional space,encloses it in a minimal sphere,and identifies clusters when mapped back,supporting complex shapes and ensuring optimality through kernel functions.This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the SVC algorithms,exploring their variants such as robust,sparse,and fuzzy-based models and adaptations for large-scale data.Moreover,we analyze the potential of twin support vector clustering(TWSVC),with an emphasis on the use of various loss functions.Finally,the paper explores emerging trends and outlines promising future research directions for both SVC and twin SVC.These include advancements in feature engineering,extension to semi-supervised and weakly supervised learning,and the integration of multi-view and multi-modal data.Our work aims to deepen the understanding of SVC,fostering advancements that address the evolving needs of clustering in real-world scenarios.展开更多
Shield attitude control is a critical aspect that must be continuously monitored during shield tunneling.To achieve scientifically rational settings for shield tunneling parameters,this study constructed multiple mach...Shield attitude control is a critical aspect that must be continuously monitored during shield tunneling.To achieve scientifically rational settings for shield tunneling parameters,this study constructed multiple machine learning prediction models,including shield attitude deviations and tunneling speed,and optimized the hyperparameters of these models using Bayesian algorithms.Subsequently,a constrained grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm was employed to establish a real-time safety control method for attitude that considers tunneling efficiency,by dynamically updating the upper and lower bounds for adjustable parameters.The results indicate that the k-nearest neighbors(KNN)model achieved the highest prediction accuracy;however,due to its specific algorithmic principles,KNN is unsuitable for optimization tasks.Embedding the extreme gradient boosting model into the GWO algorithm yielded the best attitude control performance:the absolute attitude deviations were reduced by an average of 45.1%compared to actual values,while the rate of change for adjustable parameters did not exceed 30%.This approach ensures safety and tunneling efficiency during attitude correction and exhibits universal applicability.Compared with other optimization algorithms,GWO demonstrated significant advantages in both optimization effectiveness and computational time.展开更多
Object tracking in 3D space is a classical problem in computer vision.In this paper,an efficient and robust X-Triplet detection method is proposed based on the support vector machine(SVM) and an adjacent matrix for lo...Object tracking in 3D space is a classical problem in computer vision.In this paper,an efficient and robust X-Triplet detection method is proposed based on the support vector machine(SVM) and an adjacent matrix for locating and tracking objects through stereo vision with minimal feature points.The X-Triplet,denoted as Tri-X,is a composite marker consisting of three sequential X-corners.The definition and types of Tri-X markers are introduced at first.Then a fast and robust X-corner detector based on the block search strategy and SVM is proposed to extract X-corner candidates with sub-pixel locations and orientations.Thereafter the X-corner adjacent matrix(XAM) is constructed using the orientation angle error to describe the possibility that any X-corner pair form a valid edge vector.The Tri-X candidates are then extracted efficiently from the XAM.Finally once the Tri-X markers are detected in binocular images,their 6D pose information can be recovered through stereo matching and triangulation technique.When multiple targets are involved simultaneously,different Tri-X markers can be utilized to identify different objects.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperformed the state-of-the-art in terms of both accuracy and efficiency for Tri-X marker detection.In localization precision test,it achieved 0.1 mm error for the position and 1° error for the orientation.Our method exhibits great potential for utilization in user-defined specific tracking tasks,offering flexibility and adaptability to various tracking requirements,especially multi-tool tracking in medical robotics.展开更多
The von Neumann bottleneck in conventional computing architectures presents a significant challenge for data-inten-sive artificial intelligence applications.A promising approach involves designing specialized hardware...The von Neumann bottleneck in conventional computing architectures presents a significant challenge for data-inten-sive artificial intelligence applications.A promising approach involves designing specialized hardware with on-chip parameter tunability,which directly accelerates machine learning functions.This work demonstrates a continuously tunable mixed-kernel function physically realized within a van der Waals heterostructure.We designed and fabricated a MoTe2/MoS2type-Ⅱvertical heterojunction phototransistor,which exhibits a non-monotonic,Gaussian-like optoelectronic response owing to its unique inter-layer charge transfer mechanism.This intrinsic physical behavior directly maps to a mixed-kernel function combining Gaussian and Sigmoid characteristics.Furthermore,the hardware kernel can be continuously modulated by in-situ tuning of external opti-cal stimuli.The mixed-kernel exhibited exceptional performance,achieving precision,accuracy,and area under the curve(AUC)values of 95.8%,96%,and 0.9986,respectively,significantly outperforming conventional kernels.By successfully embedding a complex,adaptable mathematical function into the intrinsic physical properties of a single device,this work pioneers a novel pathway toward next-generation,energy-efficient intelligent systems with hardware-level adaptability.展开更多
Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are significant respiratory pathogens characterized by high mutation rates and frequent genetic reassortments,underscoring the need for vaccines that can induce robust and broadly protective m...Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are significant respiratory pathogens characterized by high mutation rates and frequent genetic reassortments,underscoring the need for vaccines that can induce robust and broadly protective mucosal immunity.While replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)vectors have the potential to elicit mucosal immunity,their neurovirulence raises significant safety concerns.Herein,we report that a semi-replicating VSV(srVSV)vector,composed of one VSV with the glycoprotein(G)gene deleted(rVSVΔG)and another with the L gene deleted(rVSVΔL),has improved safety.Using srVSV,we constructed a monovalent vaccine(srVSV-N1),expressing the neuraminidase 1(N1)of IAV.A single intranasal dose of srVSV-N1 elicited both systemic and mucosal immune responses against N1,and provided sterilizing immunity against homologous influenza virus.We further generated a bivalent IAV vaccine(srVSV-N1/N2),co-expressing N1 and N2.A single intranasal dose of srVSV-N1/N2 conferred 80%protection against heterologous IAVs(H1N1 and H3N2).Notably,low-dose priming immunization followed by a high-dose boost with srVSV-N1/N2 fully protected mice against lethal heterologous IAV challenges.These findings demonstrate the potential of the srVSV platform for developing mucosal vaccines against IAVs and other respiratory viruses.展开更多
In deep underground engineering design,the true-triaxial compressive strength of intact rocks is a critical evaluation index.Traditional methods for acquiring true-triaxial strength data are hampered by labor-intensiv...In deep underground engineering design,the true-triaxial compressive strength of intact rocks is a critical evaluation index.Traditional methods for acquiring true-triaxial strength data are hampered by labor-intensive manual operations.To mitigate the time-consuming nature of true-triaxial experiments,this study leverages the unique capabilities of the relevance vector machine(RVM)to develop machine learning prediction models.These models aim to streamline the process and enhance predictive accuracy,thereby offering a more efficient alternative to conventional experimental approaches.The proposed models establish a correlation between the major principal stress(σ1)and the material constants,alongside other Hoek–Brown(H–B)strength parameters.A comprehensive data set,encompassing 408 sets of true-triaxial experimental data from 12 different rock types,was collated from previous studies.This true-triaxial strength data set was systematically divided into three groups based on the intact rock material content(mi),facilitating subsequent validation efforts.To enhance prediction accuracy and generalization capability,particle swarm optimization(PSO)is employed to optimize the hybrid kernel function parameters of the RVM.This study introduces a dynamic inertia weight decreasing method,demonstrating superior prediction accuracy compared to conventional PSO improvement techniques.In comparison with five three-dimensional H–B type criteria and two other machine learning models,the improved PSO-RVM model demonstrated superior performance across three distinct mi groups.Additionally,the proposed model is capable of generating probabilistic predictions,thereby effectively capturing the inherent uncertainty associated with rock strength.The probability distribution of model prediction errors closely aligns with that indicated by the generalized Zhang–Zhu criterion,underscoring the improved PSO-RVM model's ability to capture the uncertainty in true-triaxial compressive strength.Furthermore,this study explores sample selection for combined tests integrating true-triaxial experiments and the proposed improved PSO-RVM model,providing a tentative optimal ratio for predicting the true-triaxial compressive strength of intact rocks.展开更多
Conventional methods for evaluating landslide stability based on physical-mechanical properties and deformation often fail to accurately capture engineering geological conditions and spatiotemporal kinematic evolution...Conventional methods for evaluating landslide stability based on physical-mechanical properties and deformation often fail to accurately capture engineering geological conditions and spatiotemporal kinematic evolution across entire slopes.In this study,we propose a pixel-level landslide stability mapping method that uses three-dimensional time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)monitoring and dynamic factor extraction.The method was applied to two reactivated landslides,Xiongba and Sela,in Gongjue County,Xizang.Using 212 Sentinel-1 ascending and descending orbit images(acquired between 2017 and 2021),we derived line-of-sight(LOS)deformation velocities using the Small Baseline Subset(SBAS)InSAR technique.Subsequently,these velocities were decomposed into full three-dimensional displacements based on a surface-parallel flow assumption and Helmert variance component estimation.A dual-parameter stability criterion combining the displacement vector angle and rate was established and compared with the traditional tangential angle method by integrating kinematics with elastoplastic principles.The results show that the new criterion effectively reduces sensitivity to deformation fluctuationsand reveals dominant elastic deformation in both landslides,controlled by Poisson’s ratio and stress proportionality.The Xiongba source area,platform,and front edges correspond to the plastic,initial,and elastic stages,respectively,while the Sela landslide exhibits elastic,plastic,and sliding stages,both of which contain secondary deformation zones.Meteorological data analysis identifiedthe Jinsha River’s scouring erosion and seasonal heavy rainfall as the primary external factors triggering landslide reactivation.Additionally,the 2018 Baige landslide-dam burst disaster chain further worsened the Xiongba landslide deformation.These findingsoffer valuable insights for future disaster prevention efforts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB)relies on invasive endoscopy and laboratory tests,which carry procedural risks and diagnostic delays.The pathophysiological relationship between bowel...BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB)relies on invasive endoscopy and laboratory tests,which carry procedural risks and diagnostic delays.The pathophysiological relationship between bowel sounds(BSs)as a noninvasive monitoring metric and UGIB remains to be elucidated.AIM To investigate the feasibility of BS acoustic signatures as UGIB screening biomarkers,analyze their pathological correlations with hematological indices,and construct a machine learning-assisted diagnostic model.METHODS A prospective study enrolled 40 UGIB patients(endoscopy-confirmed within 24 hours)and 40 age-/sex-matched healthy controls.BS signals were recorded at the right lower umbilical quadrant using a G-200 device(60 seconds/subject,4 kHz sampling).After denoising via variational mode decomposition,78-dimensional features were extracted across four domains:Time-domain,frequency-domain,time-frequency domain,and nonlinear dynamics.Weighted feature importance was calculated using an integrated strategy and gradient-optimized feature subsets were used to train four classifiers:Support vector machine,random forest,logistic regression,and K-nearest neighbor.SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis was conducted on the features of the optimal model.Model performance was evaluated by fivefold cross-validation.Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to assess key BS features against red blood cell count,hemoglobin,hematocrit,C-reactive protein(CRP),and high-sensitivity CRP.RESULTS The support vector machine classifier with 25-feature subsets achieved optimal performance(area under the curve>0.89),significantly outperforming other models.Acoustic feature importance analysis identified band_Energy and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient variance as core biomarkers(cumulative contribution>60%).Key pathological correlations included:(1)Significant negative correlations between spectral centroid and red blood cell count/hemoglobin/hematocrit(P<0.01);(2)Positive correlation between wavelet entropy and these hematological parameters(P<0.05),suggesting multiscale microcirculatory flow fluctuations;and(3)Positive wavelet energy correlations with CRP/high-sensitivity-CRP(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Multidimensional BS features enable noninvasive UGIB screening.Their strong correlation with anemia/inflammation indicators reveals an acoustic-hemato-physiological coupling mechanism,providing a novel paradigm for early UGIB monitoring.展开更多
Reverse Time Migration(RTM)stands as one of the foremost advanced seismic wave imaging techniques.For elastic wave RTM,the separation of P-and S-waves prior to imaging is crucial to eectively prevent cross-talk interf...Reverse Time Migration(RTM)stands as one of the foremost advanced seismic wave imaging techniques.For elastic wave RTM,the separation of P-and S-waves prior to imaging is crucial to eectively prevent cross-talk interference between these wave modes.While more sophisticated P-and S-wave separation methods based on decoupled wave equations currently exist,the approach utilizing divergence and curl operators retains signicant practical value in elastic RTM due to its inherent simplicity in implementation and lower computational demand.However,existing P-and S-wave separation methods founded on divergence and curl operators lack a corresponding methodology for calculating decoupled P-and S-wave Poynting vectors.These decoupled Poynting vectors are vital as they can respectively indicate the propagation directions of P-and S-waves,and their application within elastic RTM can markedly improve imaging quality.This paper derives new formulas for calculating P-and S-wave Poynting vectors that correspond to the wave separation achieved through divergence and curl operators.This approach permits the accurate determination of P-and S-wave propagation directions without altering the original wave equations and has been applied to elastic RTM,ensuring higher computational efciency throughout the imaging process.Imaging test results from both the Graben and Marmousi models demonstrate that,compared to traditional coupled Poynting vectors,the decoupled P-and S-wave Poynting vectors proposed herein achieve superior suppression of migration noise and artifacts in elastic RTM.Furthermore,they facilitate accurate S-wave polarity correction,leading to clearer imaging interfaces in migration proles and more reliable overall results.The methodology presented in this paper broadens the application scenarios for elastic RTM under current computational resource constraints and is poised to stimulate further development of P-and S-wave separation methods based on divergence and curl operators within the eld of RTM.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of laser photocoagulation on transfection efficiency of lentivirus(LV)vectors injected intravitreally.METHODS:The rat retina was photocoagulated prior to intravitreal injection of LV vectors...AIM:To evaluate the effect of laser photocoagulation on transfection efficiency of lentivirus(LV)vectors injected intravitreally.METHODS:The rat retina was photocoagulated prior to intravitreal injection of LV vectors encoding red fluorescent protein.Rats given intravitreal injection or photocoagulation alone served as controls.The transduction efficiency was analyzed by fundus angiography,histopathology,and immunofluorescence staining.Potential adverse effect of laser photocoagulation was evaluated in choroid flat mounts by observing the morphology of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)that formed the outer blood-retina barrier.RESULTS:Laser photocoagulation enhanced the retinal area transduced by LV vectors in fundus images and increased the maximum transduction thickness in histopathological sections.Choroid flat mounts showed the RPE transduced by LV vectors maintained normal morphology.CONCLUSION:Laser photocoagulation improves the transduction efficiency of LV vectors injected intravitreally,identifying this as a promising gene therapy strategy for inherited retinal dystrophies caused by gene mutations in RPE and photoreceptor cells.展开更多
With recent advances in synthetic biology methods,the genomes of several large DNA viruses have been de novo synthesized and assembled,leading to the functional rescue of the respective viruses.Pseudorabies virus(PRV)...With recent advances in synthetic biology methods,the genomes of several large DNA viruses have been de novo synthesized and assembled,leading to the functional rescue of the respective viruses.Pseudorabies virus(PRV),a large DNA virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae,causes severe diseases in swine,resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig farming industry.Genome editing is crucial for attenuating virulence and developing safer vaccines for PRV.However,its complex repetitive sequences and extremely high GC-rich genome pose significant challenges for genetic manipulation.In this study,we developed a PRV genome assembly platform using yeast-based transformation-associated recombination(TAR)technology.The genome of a prevalent genotype Ⅱ variant strain,PRV-GX-2011(GenBank number PV405324.1),was divided into nine A-level fragments and cloned into vectors via TAR.Subsequently,three B-level fragments were generated by recombining three A-level fragments each.In vitro CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing was introduced to insert an egfp gene into the non-coding intergenic region between UL23 and UL22 genes.Infectious viruses were rescued by co-transfection of linearized B-level fragments in Vero cells,and an isolated virus,PRV-GX-Syn1,was purified via plaque assay.While PRV-GX-Syn1 exhibited reduced viral titer and smaller plaque size compared to the parental strain,its morphological characteristics remained indistinguishable from the parental virus.In BALB/c mice,PRV-GX-Syn1 caused lethal infection,producing lung pathology comparable to the parental strain.This TAR-based platform offers faster and more flexible genomic modification of PRV,facilitating both basic research and PRV-based vaccine vectors.展开更多
We present the geodesic nature and quantization of geometric shift vector in quantum systems,with the parameter space defined by the Bloch momentum,using the Wilson loop approach.Our analysis extends to include bosoni...We present the geodesic nature and quantization of geometric shift vector in quantum systems,with the parameter space defined by the Bloch momentum,using the Wilson loop approach.Our analysis extends to include bosonic phonon drag shift vectors with non-vertical transitions.We demonstrate that the gauge invariant shift vector can be quantized as integer values,analogous to the Euler characteristic based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for a manifold with a smooth boundary.We reveal intricate relationships among geometric quantities such as the shift vector,Berry curvature,and quantum metric.Our findings demonstrate that the loop integral of the shift vector in the quantized interband formula contributes to the non-quantized component of the trace of conductivity in the circular photogalvanic effect.The Wilson loop method facilitates first-principles calculations,providing insights in the geometric underpinnings of these interband gauge invariant quantities and shedding light on their nonlinear optical manifestations in real materials.展开更多
The Navier-Stokes(NS)equation with Coriolis force and density-dependent viscosity is an important physical model,which has been widely used to understand and analyze a wide array of phenomena,including behaviors of th...The Navier-Stokes(NS)equation with Coriolis force and density-dependent viscosity is an important physical model,which has been widely used to understand and analyze a wide array of phenomena,including behaviors of the Gulf stream,dynamics of hurricanes,operation of chemical reactors and functionality of rotating machines.In this paper,based on the matrix and curve integration techniques,we build a sufficient condition for the existence of Cartesian vector solutions u=b(t)+A(t)x for the N-dimensional NS equation,in which A satisfies appropriate matrix equations.Then,we discuss two special cases of A and thereby explicit analytical solutions are obtained.To shed light on these solutions,we give some illustrative examples.Among them,some examples form the generalization previously obtained by other authors and some examples are quite new.Finally,we analyze the properties of Cartesian vector solutions in a special case.展开更多
摘要Automatic vectorization of topographic map elements is a core task for the rapid update and intelligent upgrade of map data in the surveying, mapping and geographic information industry. Traditional vectorization methods, when dealing with complex terrain features, generally have problems of insufficient accuracy and low degree of automation, highly rely on manual post-processing, and the production efficiency is difficult to meet the demand for large-scale data update. With the technological breakthroughs of deep learning in image recognition and segmentation, a new path has been provided for the intelligent extraction and vectorization of topographic map features. This paper presents a deep learning-based framework for automatic vectorization of topographic map features. It first analyzes the morphology and distribution patterns of point, line, and surface topographic features, standardizes the construction process of the training sample set, and focuses on improving the recognition effect of fine and dense linear features by improving the network core structure and introducing multi-scale feature fusion and context information utilization strategies. Build a full-process post-processing system from pixel recognition results to complete vectorization results, covering key links such as geometric vectorization reconstruction, topological relationship construction, and automatic assignment of semantic attributes. Verified by multiple sets of comparative experiments, this solution has significant advantages over traditional methods in terms of element recognition integrity and vectorization geometry accuracy, greatly enhancing the level of job automation and providing practical and feasible technical support for large-scale high-precision geographic information data production.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61074153, 61104131)the Fundamental Research Fundsfor Central Universities of China (ZY1111, JD1104)
摘要Chemical processes are complex, for which traditional neural network models usually can not lead to satisfactory accuracy. Selective neural network ensemble is an effective way to enhance the generalization accuracy of networks, but there are some problems, e.g., lacking of unified definition of diversity among component neural networks and difficult to improve the accuracy by selecting if the diversities of available networks are small. In this study, the output errors of networks are vectorized, the diversity of networks is defined based on the error vectors, and the size of ensemble is analyzed. Then an error vectorization based selective neural network ensemble (EVSNE) is proposed, in which the error vector of each network can offset that of the other networks by training the component networks orderly. Thus the component networks have large diversity. Experiments and comparisons over standard data sets and actual chemical process data set for production of high-density polyethylene demonstrate that EVSNE performs better in generalization ability.
摘要MacCormack explicit scheme and Baldwin-Lomax algebraic turbulent model are employed to solve the axisymmetric compressible Navier-Stokes equations for the numerical simulation of the supersonic mustanl floats interacted with transverse injection at the base of a cone. A temperature switch function must be added to the artificial viscous model suggested by jameson etc to enhance the scheme's ability to eliminate oscillation for some injection case.The typical code optimization techniques about vectorization and some useful concepts and terminology about multiprocessing of YH-2 parallel supercmputer is given and explatined with some examples After reconstruction and optimization the code gets a spedup 5 .973 on pipeline computer YH- 1 and gets a speedup 1 886 for 2 processors and 3.545 for 4 processors on YH-2 parallel supeercomputer by using domain decomposition method..
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARAthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872337 and 31501919)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (ASTIP-IAS02)。
摘要The advantages of genome selection(GS) in animal and plant breeding are self-evident.Traditional parametric models have disadvantage in better fit the increasingly large sequencing data and capture complex effects accurately.Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable potential in addressing these challenges.In this study,we introduced the concept of mixed kernel functions to explore the performance of support vector machine regression(SVR) in GS.Six single kernel functions(SVR_L,SVR_C,SVR_G,SVR_P,SVR_S,SVR_L) and four mixed kernel functions(SVR_GS,SVR_GP,SVR_LS,SVR_LP) were used to predict genome breeding values.The prediction accuracy,mean squared error(MSE) and mean absolute error(MAE) were used as evaluation indicators to compare with two traditional parametric models(GBLUP,BayesB) and two popular machine learning models(RF,KcRR).The results indicate that in most cases,the performance of the mixed kernel function model significantly outperforms that of GBLUP,BayesB and single kernel function.For instance,for T1 in the pig dataset,the predictive accuracy of SVR_GS is improved by 10% compared to GBLUP,and by approximately 4.4 and 18.6% compared to SVR_G and SVR_S respectively.For E1 in the wheat dataset,SVR_GS achieves 13.3% higher prediction accuracy than GBLUP.Among single kernel functions,the Laplacian and Gaussian kernel functions yield similar results,with the Gaussian kernel function performing better.The mixed kernel function notably reduces the MSE and MAE when compared to all single kernel functions.Furthermore,regarding runtime,SVR_GS and SVR_GP mixed kernel functions run approximately three times faster than GBLUP in the pig dataset,with only a slight increase in runtime compared to the single kernel function model.In summary,the mixed kernel function model of SVR demonstrates speed and accuracy competitiveness,and the model such as SVR_GS has important application potential for GS.
摘要Reconstructing accurate urban building models remains challenging because of large-scale variability and complex topologies.We introduce a practical multi-step framework that reconstructs a single building from a dense triangular mesh by explicitly exploiting its block-wise composition.The pipeline first partitioned the mesh into spatially coherent regions,then extracted height-aware contours,and classified the geometry into facades,roofs,and appurtenances.For each part,we performed contour-guided vectorized modeling with profile fitting and consistency constraints,producing watertight,semantically structured models at the level of detail(LOD)2.3.The interactive refinement module further supported user adjustments to resolve rare failures and enforced design regularity.The proposed decomposition and layered fitting yielded compact outputs while preserving the salient geometry and made the reconstruction robust across scales and moderate noise.We also analyzed the modeling assumptions and implementation details to ensure reproducibility.Overall,this study offers a component-aware,engineering-ready solution for converting unstructured meshes into structured building models that are amenable to downstream urban modeling and visualization.
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2026R500)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
摘要Safeguarding modern networks from cyber intrusions has become increasingly challenging as attackers continually refine their evasion tactics.Although numerousmachine-learning-based intrusion detection systems(IDS)have been developed,their effectiveness is often constrained by high dimensionality and redundant features that degrade both accuracy and efficiency.This study introduces a hybrid feature-selection framework that integrates the exploration capability of Prairie Dog Optimization(PDO)with the exploitation behavior of Ant Colony Optimization(ACO).The proposed PDO–ACO algorithm identifies a concise yet discriminative subset of features from the NSLKDD dataset and evaluates them using a Support Vector Machine(SVM)classifier.Experimental analyses reveal that the PDO–ACO model achieves superior detection accuracy of 98%while significantly lowering false alarms and computational overhead.Further validation on the CEC2017 benchmark suite confirms the robustness and adaptability of the hybrid model across diverse optimization landscapes,positioning PDO–ACO as an efficient and scalable approach for intelligent intrusion detection.
基金supported in part by the National Supercomputing Mission(NSM),Department of Science and Technology(DST),the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology(Meit Y),Government of India(DST/NSM/R&D_HPC_Appl/2021/03.29)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62576178,U2433216)the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB)for additional support through the Mathematical Research Impact-Centric Support(MATRICS)scheme(MTR/2021/000787)。
摘要Support vector clustering(SVC)has emerged as a powerful unsupervised learning technique,derived from support vector machines(SVMs),offering a robust solution to a wide range of complex clustering challenges.Its unique ability to handle noise,outliers,and clusters of diverse,irregular shapes sets it apart from traditional clustering methods.SVC's distinct advantage lies in its capacity to autonomously determine the optimal number of clusters without prior topological knowledge of the data.SVC maps data to a higher-dimensional space,encloses it in a minimal sphere,and identifies clusters when mapped back,supporting complex shapes and ensuring optimality through kernel functions.This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the SVC algorithms,exploring their variants such as robust,sparse,and fuzzy-based models and adaptations for large-scale data.Moreover,we analyze the potential of twin support vector clustering(TWSVC),with an emphasis on the use of various loss functions.Finally,the paper explores emerging trends and outlines promising future research directions for both SVC and twin SVC.These include advancements in feature engineering,extension to semi-supervised and weakly supervised learning,and the integration of multi-view and multi-modal data.Our work aims to deepen the understanding of SVC,fostering advancements that address the evolving needs of clustering in real-world scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52378386 and 52178336).
摘要Shield attitude control is a critical aspect that must be continuously monitored during shield tunneling.To achieve scientifically rational settings for shield tunneling parameters,this study constructed multiple machine learning prediction models,including shield attitude deviations and tunneling speed,and optimized the hyperparameters of these models using Bayesian algorithms.Subsequently,a constrained grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm was employed to establish a real-time safety control method for attitude that considers tunneling efficiency,by dynamically updating the upper and lower bounds for adjustable parameters.The results indicate that the k-nearest neighbors(KNN)model achieved the highest prediction accuracy;however,due to its specific algorithmic principles,KNN is unsuitable for optimization tasks.Embedding the extreme gradient boosting model into the GWO algorithm yielded the best attitude control performance:the absolute attitude deviations were reduced by an average of 45.1%compared to actual values,while the rate of change for adjustable parameters did not exceed 30%.This approach ensures safety and tunneling efficiency during attitude correction and exhibits universal applicability.Compared with other optimization algorithms,GWO demonstrated significant advantages in both optimization effectiveness and computational time.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.92148206)National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2024YFC2418102)。
摘要Object tracking in 3D space is a classical problem in computer vision.In this paper,an efficient and robust X-Triplet detection method is proposed based on the support vector machine(SVM) and an adjacent matrix for locating and tracking objects through stereo vision with minimal feature points.The X-Triplet,denoted as Tri-X,is a composite marker consisting of three sequential X-corners.The definition and types of Tri-X markers are introduced at first.Then a fast and robust X-corner detector based on the block search strategy and SVM is proposed to extract X-corner candidates with sub-pixel locations and orientations.Thereafter the X-corner adjacent matrix(XAM) is constructed using the orientation angle error to describe the possibility that any X-corner pair form a valid edge vector.The Tri-X candidates are then extracted efficiently from the XAM.Finally once the Tri-X markers are detected in binocular images,their 6D pose information can be recovered through stereo matching and triangulation technique.When multiple targets are involved simultaneously,different Tri-X markers can be utilized to identify different objects.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperformed the state-of-the-art in terms of both accuracy and efficiency for Tri-X marker detection.In localization precision test,it achieved 0.1 mm error for the position and 1° error for the orientation.Our method exhibits great potential for utilization in user-defined specific tracking tasks,offering flexibility and adaptability to various tracking requirements,especially multi-tool tracking in medical robotics.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62222404,T2450054,62304084,62504087,62361136587 and 92248304)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Grant No.2021YFB3601200)+3 种基金the Major Program of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023BAA009)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme(Grant No.PDFS2223-4S06)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(Grant No.2025M770530)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20250136).
摘要The von Neumann bottleneck in conventional computing architectures presents a significant challenge for data-inten-sive artificial intelligence applications.A promising approach involves designing specialized hardware with on-chip parameter tunability,which directly accelerates machine learning functions.This work demonstrates a continuously tunable mixed-kernel function physically realized within a van der Waals heterostructure.We designed and fabricated a MoTe2/MoS2type-Ⅱvertical heterojunction phototransistor,which exhibits a non-monotonic,Gaussian-like optoelectronic response owing to its unique inter-layer charge transfer mechanism.This intrinsic physical behavior directly maps to a mixed-kernel function combining Gaussian and Sigmoid characteristics.Furthermore,the hardware kernel can be continuously modulated by in-situ tuning of external opti-cal stimuli.The mixed-kernel exhibited exceptional performance,achieving precision,accuracy,and area under the curve(AUC)values of 95.8%,96%,and 0.9986,respectively,significantly outperforming conventional kernels.By successfully embedding a complex,adaptable mathematical function into the intrinsic physical properties of a single device,this work pioneers a novel pathway toward next-generation,energy-efficient intelligent systems with hardware-level adaptability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472267,32571715)Shenzhen Medical Research Funds(A2302023)+3 种基金the grant of State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease(SKLRD-Z-202419)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2021B1212040017,2022B1212060001,2023B1212130001,2024B1212160001)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(ZDSYS20230626091203007)High-level project of Medicine in Nanshan,Shenzhen(SZSM202103008).
摘要Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are significant respiratory pathogens characterized by high mutation rates and frequent genetic reassortments,underscoring the need for vaccines that can induce robust and broadly protective mucosal immunity.While replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)vectors have the potential to elicit mucosal immunity,their neurovirulence raises significant safety concerns.Herein,we report that a semi-replicating VSV(srVSV)vector,composed of one VSV with the glycoprotein(G)gene deleted(rVSVΔG)and another with the L gene deleted(rVSVΔL),has improved safety.Using srVSV,we constructed a monovalent vaccine(srVSV-N1),expressing the neuraminidase 1(N1)of IAV.A single intranasal dose of srVSV-N1 elicited both systemic and mucosal immune responses against N1,and provided sterilizing immunity against homologous influenza virus.We further generated a bivalent IAV vaccine(srVSV-N1/N2),co-expressing N1 and N2.A single intranasal dose of srVSV-N1/N2 conferred 80%protection against heterologous IAVs(H1N1 and H3N2).Notably,low-dose priming immunization followed by a high-dose boost with srVSV-N1/N2 fully protected mice against lethal heterologous IAV challenges.These findings demonstrate the potential of the srVSV platform for developing mucosal vaccines against IAVs and other respiratory viruses.
基金supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42277158,41972277,41602300)the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(SKLGDUEK2006).
摘要In deep underground engineering design,the true-triaxial compressive strength of intact rocks is a critical evaluation index.Traditional methods for acquiring true-triaxial strength data are hampered by labor-intensive manual operations.To mitigate the time-consuming nature of true-triaxial experiments,this study leverages the unique capabilities of the relevance vector machine(RVM)to develop machine learning prediction models.These models aim to streamline the process and enhance predictive accuracy,thereby offering a more efficient alternative to conventional experimental approaches.The proposed models establish a correlation between the major principal stress(σ1)and the material constants,alongside other Hoek–Brown(H–B)strength parameters.A comprehensive data set,encompassing 408 sets of true-triaxial experimental data from 12 different rock types,was collated from previous studies.This true-triaxial strength data set was systematically divided into three groups based on the intact rock material content(mi),facilitating subsequent validation efforts.To enhance prediction accuracy and generalization capability,particle swarm optimization(PSO)is employed to optimize the hybrid kernel function parameters of the RVM.This study introduces a dynamic inertia weight decreasing method,demonstrating superior prediction accuracy compared to conventional PSO improvement techniques.In comparison with five three-dimensional H–B type criteria and two other machine learning models,the improved PSO-RVM model demonstrated superior performance across three distinct mi groups.Additionally,the proposed model is capable of generating probabilistic predictions,thereby effectively capturing the inherent uncertainty associated with rock strength.The probability distribution of model prediction errors closely aligns with that indicated by the generalized Zhang–Zhu criterion,underscoring the improved PSO-RVM model's ability to capture the uncertainty in true-triaxial compressive strength.Furthermore,this study explores sample selection for combined tests integrating true-triaxial experiments and the proposed improved PSO-RVM model,providing a tentative optimal ratio for predicting the true-triaxial compressive strength of intact rocks.
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42371460)the NationalKeyResearchand Development Programof China(Grant No.2023YFB2604001)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2023ZDZX0030).
摘要Conventional methods for evaluating landslide stability based on physical-mechanical properties and deformation often fail to accurately capture engineering geological conditions and spatiotemporal kinematic evolution across entire slopes.In this study,we propose a pixel-level landslide stability mapping method that uses three-dimensional time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)monitoring and dynamic factor extraction.The method was applied to two reactivated landslides,Xiongba and Sela,in Gongjue County,Xizang.Using 212 Sentinel-1 ascending and descending orbit images(acquired between 2017 and 2021),we derived line-of-sight(LOS)deformation velocities using the Small Baseline Subset(SBAS)InSAR technique.Subsequently,these velocities were decomposed into full three-dimensional displacements based on a surface-parallel flow assumption and Helmert variance component estimation.A dual-parameter stability criterion combining the displacement vector angle and rate was established and compared with the traditional tangential angle method by integrating kinematics with elastoplastic principles.The results show that the new criterion effectively reduces sensitivity to deformation fluctuationsand reveals dominant elastic deformation in both landslides,controlled by Poisson’s ratio and stress proportionality.The Xiongba source area,platform,and front edges correspond to the plastic,initial,and elastic stages,respectively,while the Sela landslide exhibits elastic,plastic,and sliding stages,both of which contain secondary deformation zones.Meteorological data analysis identifiedthe Jinsha River’s scouring erosion and seasonal heavy rainfall as the primary external factors triggering landslide reactivation.Additionally,the 2018 Baige landslide-dam burst disaster chain further worsened the Xiongba landslide deformation.These findingsoffer valuable insights for future disaster prevention efforts.
基金Supported by Key Project of Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program,No.2024JC-ZDXM-49The Integration of Basic Shaanxi Wisdom Medical Common Technology Platform,No.2023GXJS-01.
摘要BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB)relies on invasive endoscopy and laboratory tests,which carry procedural risks and diagnostic delays.The pathophysiological relationship between bowel sounds(BSs)as a noninvasive monitoring metric and UGIB remains to be elucidated.AIM To investigate the feasibility of BS acoustic signatures as UGIB screening biomarkers,analyze their pathological correlations with hematological indices,and construct a machine learning-assisted diagnostic model.METHODS A prospective study enrolled 40 UGIB patients(endoscopy-confirmed within 24 hours)and 40 age-/sex-matched healthy controls.BS signals were recorded at the right lower umbilical quadrant using a G-200 device(60 seconds/subject,4 kHz sampling).After denoising via variational mode decomposition,78-dimensional features were extracted across four domains:Time-domain,frequency-domain,time-frequency domain,and nonlinear dynamics.Weighted feature importance was calculated using an integrated strategy and gradient-optimized feature subsets were used to train four classifiers:Support vector machine,random forest,logistic regression,and K-nearest neighbor.SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis was conducted on the features of the optimal model.Model performance was evaluated by fivefold cross-validation.Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to assess key BS features against red blood cell count,hemoglobin,hematocrit,C-reactive protein(CRP),and high-sensitivity CRP.RESULTS The support vector machine classifier with 25-feature subsets achieved optimal performance(area under the curve>0.89),significantly outperforming other models.Acoustic feature importance analysis identified band_Energy and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient variance as core biomarkers(cumulative contribution>60%).Key pathological correlations included:(1)Significant negative correlations between spectral centroid and red blood cell count/hemoglobin/hematocrit(P<0.01);(2)Positive correlation between wavelet entropy and these hematological parameters(P<0.05),suggesting multiscale microcirculatory flow fluctuations;and(3)Positive wavelet energy correlations with CRP/high-sensitivity-CRP(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Multidimensional BS features enable noninvasive UGIB screening.Their strong correlation with anemia/inflammation indicators reveals an acoustic-hemato-physiological coupling mechanism,providing a novel paradigm for early UGIB monitoring.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42574160)the Natural Science Foundation of Huzhou(Grant No.2024YZ41)+2 种基金the Open Fund(Grant No.36750000-24-FW0399-0011)of SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysicsthe Basic Scientific Research Fund of the Institute of Earthquake Prediction,China Earthquake Administration(Grant No.CEAIEF2024030205)supported by the Center for Computational Science and Engineering at Southern University of Science and Technology.
摘要Reverse Time Migration(RTM)stands as one of the foremost advanced seismic wave imaging techniques.For elastic wave RTM,the separation of P-and S-waves prior to imaging is crucial to eectively prevent cross-talk interference between these wave modes.While more sophisticated P-and S-wave separation methods based on decoupled wave equations currently exist,the approach utilizing divergence and curl operators retains signicant practical value in elastic RTM due to its inherent simplicity in implementation and lower computational demand.However,existing P-and S-wave separation methods founded on divergence and curl operators lack a corresponding methodology for calculating decoupled P-and S-wave Poynting vectors.These decoupled Poynting vectors are vital as they can respectively indicate the propagation directions of P-and S-waves,and their application within elastic RTM can markedly improve imaging quality.This paper derives new formulas for calculating P-and S-wave Poynting vectors that correspond to the wave separation achieved through divergence and curl operators.This approach permits the accurate determination of P-and S-wave propagation directions without altering the original wave equations and has been applied to elastic RTM,ensuring higher computational efciency throughout the imaging process.Imaging test results from both the Graben and Marmousi models demonstrate that,compared to traditional coupled Poynting vectors,the decoupled P-and S-wave Poynting vectors proposed herein achieve superior suppression of migration noise and artifacts in elastic RTM.Furthermore,they facilitate accurate S-wave polarity correction,leading to clearer imaging interfaces in migration proles and more reliable overall results.The methodology presented in this paper broadens the application scenarios for elastic RTM under current computational resource constraints and is poised to stimulate further development of P-and S-wave separation methods based on divergence and curl operators within the eld of RTM.
基金Supported by the Joint Laboratory Special Project Foundation of People’s Hospital of Beijing Daxing District(No.4202440531).
摘要AIM:To evaluate the effect of laser photocoagulation on transfection efficiency of lentivirus(LV)vectors injected intravitreally.METHODS:The rat retina was photocoagulated prior to intravitreal injection of LV vectors encoding red fluorescent protein.Rats given intravitreal injection or photocoagulation alone served as controls.The transduction efficiency was analyzed by fundus angiography,histopathology,and immunofluorescence staining.Potential adverse effect of laser photocoagulation was evaluated in choroid flat mounts by observing the morphology of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)that formed the outer blood-retina barrier.RESULTS:Laser photocoagulation enhanced the retinal area transduced by LV vectors in fundus images and increased the maximum transduction thickness in histopathological sections.Choroid flat mounts showed the RPE transduced by LV vectors maintained normal morphology.CONCLUSION:Laser photocoagulation improves the transduction efficiency of LV vectors injected intravitreally,identifying this as a promising gene therapy strategy for inherited retinal dystrophies caused by gene mutations in RPE and photoreceptor cells.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1800800 to P.Q.,and 2023YFC2306600 to Z.H.)Wuhan Natural Science Foundation(202404071010067 to M.W.)Hubei Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(2021CFA050 to M.W.).
摘要With recent advances in synthetic biology methods,the genomes of several large DNA viruses have been de novo synthesized and assembled,leading to the functional rescue of the respective viruses.Pseudorabies virus(PRV),a large DNA virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae,causes severe diseases in swine,resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig farming industry.Genome editing is crucial for attenuating virulence and developing safer vaccines for PRV.However,its complex repetitive sequences and extremely high GC-rich genome pose significant challenges for genetic manipulation.In this study,we developed a PRV genome assembly platform using yeast-based transformation-associated recombination(TAR)technology.The genome of a prevalent genotype Ⅱ variant strain,PRV-GX-2011(GenBank number PV405324.1),was divided into nine A-level fragments and cloned into vectors via TAR.Subsequently,three B-level fragments were generated by recombining three A-level fragments each.In vitro CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing was introduced to insert an egfp gene into the non-coding intergenic region between UL23 and UL22 genes.Infectious viruses were rescued by co-transfection of linearized B-level fragments in Vero cells,and an isolated virus,PRV-GX-Syn1,was purified via plaque assay.While PRV-GX-Syn1 exhibited reduced viral titer and smaller plaque size compared to the parental strain,its morphological characteristics remained indistinguishable from the parental virus.In BALB/c mice,PRV-GX-Syn1 caused lethal infection,producing lung pathology comparable to the parental strain.This TAR-based platform offers faster and more flexible genomic modification of PRV,facilitating both basic research and PRV-based vaccine vectors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12522411,12304049,and 12474240 for H.W.,92265203 and 12488101 for K.C.)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB28000000 and XDB0460000 for K.C.)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2024ZD0300104 for K.C.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(for H.W.)。
摘要We present the geodesic nature and quantization of geometric shift vector in quantum systems,with the parameter space defined by the Bloch momentum,using the Wilson loop approach.Our analysis extends to include bosonic phonon drag shift vectors with non-vertical transitions.We demonstrate that the gauge invariant shift vector can be quantized as integer values,analogous to the Euler characteristic based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for a manifold with a smooth boundary.We reveal intricate relationships among geometric quantities such as the shift vector,Berry curvature,and quantum metric.Our findings demonstrate that the loop integral of the shift vector in the quantized interband formula contributes to the non-quantized component of the trace of conductivity in the circular photogalvanic effect.The Wilson loop method facilitates first-principles calculations,providing insights in the geometric underpinnings of these interband gauge invariant quantities and shedding light on their nonlinear optical manifestations in real materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos.12371250,42375002Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation under grant No.BK20221508 and No.2024-JSS-GF-095-06by Hong Kong General Research Fund(GRF)under grant No.18300821,18300622 and 18300424。
摘要The Navier-Stokes(NS)equation with Coriolis force and density-dependent viscosity is an important physical model,which has been widely used to understand and analyze a wide array of phenomena,including behaviors of the Gulf stream,dynamics of hurricanes,operation of chemical reactors and functionality of rotating machines.In this paper,based on the matrix and curve integration techniques,we build a sufficient condition for the existence of Cartesian vector solutions u=b(t)+A(t)x for the N-dimensional NS equation,in which A satisfies appropriate matrix equations.Then,we discuss two special cases of A and thereby explicit analytical solutions are obtained.To shed light on these solutions,we give some illustrative examples.Among them,some examples form the generalization previously obtained by other authors and some examples are quite new.Finally,we analyze the properties of Cartesian vector solutions in a special case.