The threshold cryptography provides a new approach to building intrusion tolerance applications. In this paper, a threshold decryption scheme based elliptic curve cryptography is presented. A zero-knowledge test appro...The threshold cryptography provides a new approach to building intrusion tolerance applications. In this paper, a threshold decryption scheme based elliptic curve cryptography is presented. A zero-knowledge test approach based on elliptic curve cryptography is designed. The application of these techniques in Web security is studied. Performance analysis shows that our scheme is characterized by excellent security as well as high efficiency.展开更多
Considering the escalating frequency and sophistication of cyber threats targeting web applications, this paper proposes the development of an automated web security analysis tool to address the accessibility gap for ...Considering the escalating frequency and sophistication of cyber threats targeting web applications, this paper proposes the development of an automated web security analysis tool to address the accessibility gap for non-security professionals. This paper presents the design and implementation of an automated web security analysis tool, AWSAT, aimed at enabling individuals with limited security expertise to effectively assess and mitigate vulnerabilities in web applications. Leveraging advanced scanning techniques, the tool identifies common threats such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), SQL Injection, and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), providing detailed reports with actionable insights. By integrating sample payloads and reference study links, the tool facilitates informed decision-making in enhancing the security posture of web applications. Through its user-friendly interface and robust functionality, the tool aims to democratize web security practices, empowering a wider audience to proactively safeguard against cyber threats.展开更多
With the widespread adoption of web applications and cloud services,the OAuth 2.0-based OpenID Connect(OIDC)Single Sign-on(SSO)protocol has become the core of modern digital identity authentication.Although the OIDC p...With the widespread adoption of web applications and cloud services,the OAuth 2.0-based OpenID Connect(OIDC)Single Sign-on(SSO)protocol has become the core of modern digital identity authentication.Although the OIDC protocol itself has strict security specifications,its implementation in real-world web frameworks can introduce critical vulnerabilities,particularly the improper omission of the state parameter,which leads to severe authentication forgery risks.Existing research often overlooks these implementation-level flaws,especially from a formal analysis perspective.This paper addresses this gap by formally analyzing the authentication forgery attack resulting from the missing state parameter.We construct a high-fidelity web framework model and,using the Tamarin formal analysis tool,systematically analyze the flawed OIDC implementation.Specifically,we demonstrate an attack path where cross-site request forgery is leveraged as a vector to deceive the relying party,ultimately achieving identity binding forgery—linking the attacker’s identity to the victim’s session.In response to this forgery vulnerability,this article proposes and formally verifies corresponding patches to successfully defend against such attacks.Finally,this paper provides concrete guidance for developers.This research,through formal methods,characterizes a replicable authentication forgery pattern within modern web architectures,providing a robust theoretical and practical foundation for hardening SSO systems against such advanced forgery threats.展开更多
In order to protect the website and assess the security risk of website, a novel website security risk assessment method is proposed based on the improved Bayesian attack graph(I-BAG) model. First, the Improved Bayesi...In order to protect the website and assess the security risk of website, a novel website security risk assessment method is proposed based on the improved Bayesian attack graph(I-BAG) model. First, the Improved Bayesian attack graph model is established, which takes attack benefits and threat factors into consideration. Compared with the existing attack graph models, it can better describe the website's security risk. Then, the improved Bayesian attack graph is constructed with optimized website attack graph, attack benefit nodes, threat factor nodes and the local conditional probability distribution of each node, which is calculated accordingly. Finally, website's attack probability and risk value are calculated on the level of nodes, hosts and the whole website separately. The experimental results demonstrate that the risk evaluating method based on I-BAG model proposed is a effective way for assessing the website security risk.展开更多
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape,web application security has become paramount as organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.This work presents a comprehensive methodology for implementi...In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape,web application security has become paramount as organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.This work presents a comprehensive methodology for implementing robust security measures in modern web applications and the proof of the Methodology applied to Vue.js,Spring Boot,and MySQL architecture.The proposed approach addresses critical security challenges through a multi-layered framework that encompasses essential security dimensions including multi-factor authentication,fine-grained authorization controls,sophisticated session management,data confidentiality and integrity protection,secure logging mechanisms,comprehensive error handling,high availability strategies,advanced input validation,and security headers implementation.Significant contributions are made to the field of web application security.First,a detailed catalogue of security requirements specifically tailored to protect web applications against contemporary threats,backed by rigorous analysis and industry best practices.Second,the methodology is validated through a carefully designed proof-of-concept implementation in a controlled environment,demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the security measures.The validation process employs cutting-edge static and dynamic analysis tools for comprehensive dependency validation and vulnerability detection,ensuring robust security coverage.The validation results confirm the prevention and avoidance of security vulnerabilities of the methodology.A key innovation of this work is the seamless integration of DevSecOps practices throughout the secure Software Development Life Cycle(SSDLC),creating a security-first mindset from initial design to deployment.By combining proactive secure coding practices with defensive security approaches,a framework is established that not only strengthens application security but also fosters a culture of security awareness within development teams.This hybrid approach ensures that security considerations are woven into every aspect of the development process,rather than being treated as an afterthought.展开更多
Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniq...Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.展开更多
Along with the development of Internet, Web Services technology is a new branch of Web application program, and it has become a hotspot in computer science. However, it has not made great progress in research on Web S...Along with the development of Internet, Web Services technology is a new branch of Web application program, and it has become a hotspot in computer science. However, it has not made great progress in research on Web Services security. Traditional security solutions cannot satisfy the Web Services security require of selective protection, end-to-end security and application layer security. Web Services technology needs a solution integrated in Web Services framework to realize end-to-end security. Based on cryptography and Web Services technology and according to W3C, XML encryption specification, XML digital Signature specification and WS-Security, which proposed by IBM and Microsoft, a new Web services security model based on message layer is put forward in this paper. The message layer is composed of message handlers. It is inserted into the message processing sequence and provides transparent security services for Web Services. To verify the model, a Web Services security system is realized on, net platform. The implementation version of the model can provide various security services, and has advantages such as security, scalability, security controllability and end-to-end security in message level. Key words Web services - Web services security - message layer CLC number TP 393.08 Biography: WANG Cui-ru (1954-), female, Professor, research direction: database and information management system.展开更多
The backdoor or information leak of Web servers can be detected by using Web Mining techniques on some abnormal Web log and Web application log data. The security of Web servers can be enhanced and the damage of illeg...The backdoor or information leak of Web servers can be detected by using Web Mining techniques on some abnormal Web log and Web application log data. The security of Web servers can be enhanced and the damage of illegal access can be avoided. Firstly, the system for discovering the patterns of information leakages in CGI scripts from Web log data was proposed. Secondly, those patterns for system administrators to modify their codes and enhance their Web site security were provided. The following aspects were described: one is to combine web application log with web log to extract more information,so web data mining could be used to mine web log for discovering the information that firewall and Information Detection System cannot find. Another approach is to propose an operation module of web site to enhance Web site security. In cluster server session, Density -Based Clustering technique is used to reduce resource cost and obtain better efficiency.展开更多
This paper investigates whether security headers are enforced to mitigate cyber-attacks in web-based systems in cyberspace. The security headers examined include X-Content-Type-Options, X-Frame-Options, Strict-Transpo...This paper investigates whether security headers are enforced to mitigate cyber-attacks in web-based systems in cyberspace. The security headers examined include X-Content-Type-Options, X-Frame-Options, Strict-Transport-Security, Referrer-Policy, Content-Security-Policy, and Permissions-Policy. The study employed a controlled experiment using a security header analysis tool. The web-based applications (websites) were analyzed to determine whether security headers have been correctly implemented. The experiment was iterated for 100 universities in Africa which are ranked high. The purposive sampling technique was employed to understand the status quo of the security headers implementations. The results revealed that 70% of the web-based applications in Africa have not enforced security headers in web-based applications. The study proposes a secure system architecture design for addressing web-based applications’ misconfiguration and insecure design. It presents security techniques for securing web-based applications through hardening security headers using automated threat modelling techniques. Furthermore, it recommends adopting the security headers in web-based applications using the proposed secure system architecture design.展开更多
The sudden growth of harmful web pages,including spam and phishing URLs,poses a greater threat to global cybersecurity than ever before.These URLs are commonly utilised to trick people into divulging confidential deta...The sudden growth of harmful web pages,including spam and phishing URLs,poses a greater threat to global cybersecurity than ever before.These URLs are commonly utilised to trick people into divulging confidential details or to stealthily deploy malware.To address this issue,we aimed to assess the efficiency of popular machine learning and neural network models in identifying such harmful links.To serve our research needs,we employed two different datasets:the PhiUSIIL dataset,which is specifically designed to address phishing URL detection,and another dataset developed to uncover spam links by examining the wording and structure of every URL.Our strategy was to train and evaluate four classificationmodels,namely RandomForest,SupportVectorMachine(SVM),Naive Bayes,and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),under two different feature engineering approaches:statistical text-based analysis and heuristic-based structural features.The results are in,and they are stunning:Random Forest and ANN models were always the best.During our research,we achieved some outstanding results.On the PhiUSIIL phishing dataset,the model achieved an accuracy of 99.99%,and on the spam dataset,it attained an accuracy of 99.62%.Studies surpass any previously reported findings,firmly establishing the efficacy of machine learning and neural networks in detecting malicious URLs.Not only does this work reinforce the superiority of these in-demand models,but it also sets a high bar for subsequent research and development in the field.In general,this provides the direction for building smarter,faster,and more precise tools that can spot online threats as they develop.展开更多
Fileless webshell attacks against Java web applications have becomemore frequent in recent years as Java has gained market share. Webshell is amalicious script that can remotely execute commands and invade servers. It...Fileless webshell attacks against Java web applications have becomemore frequent in recent years as Java has gained market share. Webshell is amalicious script that can remotely execute commands and invade servers. Itis widely used in attacks against web applications. In contrast to traditionalfile-based webshells, fileless webshells leave no traces on the hard drive, whichmeans they are invisible to most antivirus software. To make matters worse,although there are some studies on fileless webshells, almost all of themare aimed at web applications developed in the PHP language. The complexmechanism of Java makes researchers face more challenges. To mitigate thisattack, this paper proposes JShellDetector, a fileless webshell detector forJava web applications based on program analysis. JShellDetector uses methodprobes to capture dynamic characteristics of web applications in the JavaVirtual Machine (JVM). When a suspicious class tries to call a specificsensitive method, JShellDetector catches it and converts it from the JVMto a bytecode file. Then, JShellDetector builds a Jimple-based control flowgraph and processes it using taint analysis techniques. A suspicious classis considered malicious if there is a valid path from sources to sinks. Todemonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we manually collect35 test cases (all open source on GitHub) and test JShellDetector and onlytwo other Java fileless webshell detection tools. The experimental results showthat the detection rate of JShellDetector reaches 77.1%, which is about 11%higher than the other two tools.展开更多
With the rapid development of the Internet,the types of webpages are more abundant than in previous decades.However,it becomes severe that people are facing more and more significant network security risks and enormou...With the rapid development of the Internet,the types of webpages are more abundant than in previous decades.However,it becomes severe that people are facing more and more significant network security risks and enormous losses caused by phishing webpages,which imitate the interface of real webpages and deceive the victims.To better identify and distinguish phishing webpages,a visual feature extraction method and a visual similarity algorithm are proposed.First,the visual feature extraction method improves the Visionbased Page Segmentation(VIPS)algorithm to extract the visual block and calculate its signature by perceptual hash technology.Second,the visual similarity algorithm presents a one-to-one correspondence based on the visual blocks’coordinates and thresholds.Then the weights are assigned according to the tree structure,and the similarity of the visual blocks is calculated on the basis of the measurement of the visual features’Hamming distance.Further,the visual similarity of webpages is generated by integrating the similarity and weight of different visual blocks.Finally,multiple pairs of phishing webpages and legitimate webpages are evaluated to verify the feasibility of the algorithm.The experimental results achieve excellent performance and demonstrate that our method can achieve 94%accuracy.展开更多
The fourth international conference on Web information systems and applications (WISA 2007) has received 409 submissions and has accepted 37 papers for publication in this issue. The papers cover broad research area...The fourth international conference on Web information systems and applications (WISA 2007) has received 409 submissions and has accepted 37 papers for publication in this issue. The papers cover broad research areas, including Web mining and data warehouse, Deep Web and Web integration, P2P networks, text processing and information retrieval, as well as Web Services and Web infrastructure. After briefly introducing the WISA conference, the survey outlines the current activities and future trends concerning Web information systems and applications based on the papers accepted for publication.展开更多
How to protect the security of web application code and sensitive data has become one of the primary concerns in web services.In this paper,symmetric cryptosystem combined with identity-based public key cryptosystem i...How to protect the security of web application code and sensitive data has become one of the primary concerns in web services.In this paper,symmetric cryptosystem combined with identity-based public key cryptosystem is proposed to protect web application programs and sensitive data.The key generation center generates the private and public key pairs for the web server and users,which are used to implement identity authentication and data integrity.Whenweb application code and sensitive data are transmitted between the web server and the user’s browser,a random session key is generated for encrypting the web application code and sensitive data.Meanwhile,a digital signature is generated and added to the encrypted program code and sensitive data.The security analysis shows that the proposed security scheme can ensure the confidentiality,integrity and authentication of web application code and sensitive data.展开更多
Logic flaws within web applications will allow malicious operations to be triggered towards back-end database. Existing approaches to identifying logic flaws of database accesses are strongly tied to structured query ...Logic flaws within web applications will allow malicious operations to be triggered towards back-end database. Existing approaches to identifying logic flaws of database accesses are strongly tied to structured query language (SQL) statement construction and cannot be applied to the new generation of web applications that use not only structured query language (NoSQL) databases as the storage tier. In this paper, we present Lom, a black-box approach for discovering many categories of logic flaws within MongoDB- based web applications. Our approach introduces a MongoDB operation model to support new features of MongoDB and models the application logic as a mealy finite state machine. During the testing phase, test inputs which emulate state violation attacks are constructed for identifying logic flaws at each application state. We apply Lom to several MongoDB-based web applications and demonstrate its effectiveness.展开更多
Enhancing website security is crucial to combat malicious activities,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has become a key method to distinguish humans from bots.Whil...Enhancing website security is crucial to combat malicious activities,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has become a key method to distinguish humans from bots.While text-based CAPTCHAs are designed to challenge machines while remaining human-readable,recent advances in deep learning have enabled models to recognize them with remarkable efficiency.In this regard,we propose a novel two-layer visual attention framework for CAPTCHA recognition that builds on traditional attention mechanisms by incorporating Guided Visual Attention(GVA),which sharpens focus on relevant visual features.We have specifically adapted the well-established image captioning task to address this need.Our approach utilizes the first-level attention module as guidance to the second-level attention component,incorporating two LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)layers to enhance CAPTCHA recognition.Our extensive evaluation across four diverse datasets—Weibo,BoC(Bank of China),Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3—shows the adaptability and efficacy of our method.Our approach demonstrated impressive performance,achieving an accuracy of 96.70%for BoC and 95.92%for Webo.These results underscore the effectiveness of our method in accurately recognizing and processing CAPTCHA datasets,showcasing its robustness,reliability,and ability to handle varied challenges in CAPTCHA recognition.展开更多
Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing huma...Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing human users from automated bots.Text-based CAPTCHAs,designed to be easily decipherable by humans yet challenging for machines,are a common form of this verification.However,advancements in deep learning have facilitated the creation of models adept at recognizing these text-based CAPTCHAs with surprising efficiency.In our comprehensive investigation into CAPTCHA recognition,we have tailored the renowned UpDown image captioning model specifically for this purpose.Our approach innovatively combines an encoder to extract both global and local features,significantly boosting the model’s capability to identify complex details within CAPTCHA images.For the decoding phase,we have adopted a refined attention mechanism,integrating enhanced visual attention with dual layers of Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks to elevate CAPTCHA recognition accuracy.Our rigorous testing across four varied datasets,including those from Weibo,BoC,Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3,demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of our method.The results not only highlight the efficiency of our approach but also offer profound insights into its applicability across different CAPTCHA types,contributing to a deeper understanding of CAPTCHA recognition technology.展开更多
Due to the rapid development of electronic information technology,the development of Internet technology and system software development technology has become more and more common.Especially,along with the development...Due to the rapid development of electronic information technology,the development of Internet technology and system software development technology has become more and more common.Especially,along with the development of public security,there are more and more provisions for standard administrative department management system,improving office efficiency and enhancing decision encouragement.Therefore,it is of great practical value to design and complete a comprehensive public security business information system.Based on java technology,this paper designs and builds a comprehensive information management platform for public security through the analysis of comprehensive public security business,and also gets good feedback during the actual test,which confirms the feasibility of the system.展开更多
A URL(Uniform Resource Locator)is used to locate a digital resource.With this URL,an attacker can perform a variety of attacks,which can lead to serious consequences for both individuals and organizations.Therefore,at...A URL(Uniform Resource Locator)is used to locate a digital resource.With this URL,an attacker can perform a variety of attacks,which can lead to serious consequences for both individuals and organizations.Therefore,attackers create malicious URLs to gain access to an organization’s systems or sensitive information.It is crucial to secure individuals and organizations against these malicious URLs.A combination of machine learning and deep learning was used to predict malicious URLs.This research contributes significantly to the field of cybersecurity by proposing a model that seamlessly integrates the accuracy of machine learning with the swiftness of deep learning.The strategic fusion of Random Forest(RF) and Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)with an accuracy of 81% represents a noteworthy advancement,offering a balanced solution for robust cybersecurity.This study found that by combining RF and MLP,an efficient model was developed with an accuracy of 81%and a training time of 33.78 s.展开更多
In the area of secure Web information system, mutual authentication and key agreement are essential between Web clients and servers. An efficient certificateless authenticated key agreement protocol for Web client/ser...In the area of secure Web information system, mutual authentication and key agreement are essential between Web clients and servers. An efficient certificateless authenticated key agreement protocol for Web client/server setting is proposed, which uses pairings on certain elliptic curves. We show that the newly proposed key agreement protocol is practical and of great efficiency, meanwhile, it satisfies every desired security require ments for key agreement protocols.展开更多
基金Supported by the Foundation of National 863 Programme of China (No. 2002AA142040)
摘要The threshold cryptography provides a new approach to building intrusion tolerance applications. In this paper, a threshold decryption scheme based elliptic curve cryptography is presented. A zero-knowledge test approach based on elliptic curve cryptography is designed. The application of these techniques in Web security is studied. Performance analysis shows that our scheme is characterized by excellent security as well as high efficiency.
摘要Considering the escalating frequency and sophistication of cyber threats targeting web applications, this paper proposes the development of an automated web security analysis tool to address the accessibility gap for non-security professionals. This paper presents the design and implementation of an automated web security analysis tool, AWSAT, aimed at enabling individuals with limited security expertise to effectively assess and mitigate vulnerabilities in web applications. Leveraging advanced scanning techniques, the tool identifies common threats such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), SQL Injection, and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), providing detailed reports with actionable insights. By integrating sample payloads and reference study links, the tool facilitates informed decision-making in enhancing the security posture of web applications. Through its user-friendly interface and robust functionality, the tool aims to democratize web security practices, empowering a wider audience to proactively safeguard against cyber threats.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China No.2023YFB2705000Blockchain System Security Key Technology Research of Henan Province Major Public Welfare Project No.201300210200National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Distribution and Exchange Technologies.
摘要With the widespread adoption of web applications and cloud services,the OAuth 2.0-based OpenID Connect(OIDC)Single Sign-on(SSO)protocol has become the core of modern digital identity authentication.Although the OIDC protocol itself has strict security specifications,its implementation in real-world web frameworks can introduce critical vulnerabilities,particularly the improper omission of the state parameter,which leads to severe authentication forgery risks.Existing research often overlooks these implementation-level flaws,especially from a formal analysis perspective.This paper addresses this gap by formally analyzing the authentication forgery attack resulting from the missing state parameter.We construct a high-fidelity web framework model and,using the Tamarin formal analysis tool,systematically analyze the flawed OIDC implementation.Specifically,we demonstrate an attack path where cross-site request forgery is leveraged as a vector to deceive the relying party,ultimately achieving identity binding forgery—linking the attacker’s identity to the victim’s session.In response to this forgery vulnerability,this article proposes and formally verifies corresponding patches to successfully defend against such attacks.Finally,this paper provides concrete guidance for developers.This research,through formal methods,characterizes a replicable authentication forgery pattern within modern web architectures,providing a robust theoretical and practical foundation for hardening SSO systems against such advanced forgery threats.
基金supported by the project of the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90818021)supported by a grant from the national high technology research and development program of China (863program) (No.2012AA012903)
摘要In order to protect the website and assess the security risk of website, a novel website security risk assessment method is proposed based on the improved Bayesian attack graph(I-BAG) model. First, the Improved Bayesian attack graph model is established, which takes attack benefits and threat factors into consideration. Compared with the existing attack graph models, it can better describe the website's security risk. Then, the improved Bayesian attack graph is constructed with optimized website attack graph, attack benefit nodes, threat factor nodes and the local conditional probability distribution of each node, which is calculated accordingly. Finally, website's attack probability and risk value are calculated on the level of nodes, hosts and the whole website separately. The experimental results demonstrate that the risk evaluating method based on I-BAG model proposed is a effective way for assessing the website security risk.
摘要In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape,web application security has become paramount as organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.This work presents a comprehensive methodology for implementing robust security measures in modern web applications and the proof of the Methodology applied to Vue.js,Spring Boot,and MySQL architecture.The proposed approach addresses critical security challenges through a multi-layered framework that encompasses essential security dimensions including multi-factor authentication,fine-grained authorization controls,sophisticated session management,data confidentiality and integrity protection,secure logging mechanisms,comprehensive error handling,high availability strategies,advanced input validation,and security headers implementation.Significant contributions are made to the field of web application security.First,a detailed catalogue of security requirements specifically tailored to protect web applications against contemporary threats,backed by rigorous analysis and industry best practices.Second,the methodology is validated through a carefully designed proof-of-concept implementation in a controlled environment,demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the security measures.The validation process employs cutting-edge static and dynamic analysis tools for comprehensive dependency validation and vulnerability detection,ensuring robust security coverage.The validation results confirm the prevention and avoidance of security vulnerabilities of the methodology.A key innovation of this work is the seamless integration of DevSecOps practices throughout the secure Software Development Life Cycle(SSDLC),creating a security-first mindset from initial design to deployment.By combining proactive secure coding practices with defensive security approaches,a framework is established that not only strengthens application security but also fosters a culture of security awareness within development teams.This hybrid approach ensures that security considerations are woven into every aspect of the development process,rather than being treated as an afterthought.
摘要Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.
摘要Along with the development of Internet, Web Services technology is a new branch of Web application program, and it has become a hotspot in computer science. However, it has not made great progress in research on Web Services security. Traditional security solutions cannot satisfy the Web Services security require of selective protection, end-to-end security and application layer security. Web Services technology needs a solution integrated in Web Services framework to realize end-to-end security. Based on cryptography and Web Services technology and according to W3C, XML encryption specification, XML digital Signature specification and WS-Security, which proposed by IBM and Microsoft, a new Web services security model based on message layer is put forward in this paper. The message layer is composed of message handlers. It is inserted into the message processing sequence and provides transparent security services for Web Services. To verify the model, a Web Services security system is realized on, net platform. The implementation version of the model can provide various security services, and has advantages such as security, scalability, security controllability and end-to-end security in message level. Key words Web services - Web services security - message layer CLC number TP 393.08 Biography: WANG Cui-ru (1954-), female, Professor, research direction: database and information management system.
摘要The backdoor or information leak of Web servers can be detected by using Web Mining techniques on some abnormal Web log and Web application log data. The security of Web servers can be enhanced and the damage of illegal access can be avoided. Firstly, the system for discovering the patterns of information leakages in CGI scripts from Web log data was proposed. Secondly, those patterns for system administrators to modify their codes and enhance their Web site security were provided. The following aspects were described: one is to combine web application log with web log to extract more information,so web data mining could be used to mine web log for discovering the information that firewall and Information Detection System cannot find. Another approach is to propose an operation module of web site to enhance Web site security. In cluster server session, Density -Based Clustering technique is used to reduce resource cost and obtain better efficiency.
摘要This paper investigates whether security headers are enforced to mitigate cyber-attacks in web-based systems in cyberspace. The security headers examined include X-Content-Type-Options, X-Frame-Options, Strict-Transport-Security, Referrer-Policy, Content-Security-Policy, and Permissions-Policy. The study employed a controlled experiment using a security header analysis tool. The web-based applications (websites) were analyzed to determine whether security headers have been correctly implemented. The experiment was iterated for 100 universities in Africa which are ranked high. The purposive sampling technique was employed to understand the status quo of the security headers implementations. The results revealed that 70% of the web-based applications in Africa have not enforced security headers in web-based applications. The study proposes a secure system architecture design for addressing web-based applications’ misconfiguration and insecure design. It presents security techniques for securing web-based applications through hardening security headers using automated threat modelling techniques. Furthermore, it recommends adopting the security headers in web-based applications using the proposed secure system architecture design.
摘要The sudden growth of harmful web pages,including spam and phishing URLs,poses a greater threat to global cybersecurity than ever before.These URLs are commonly utilised to trick people into divulging confidential details or to stealthily deploy malware.To address this issue,we aimed to assess the efficiency of popular machine learning and neural network models in identifying such harmful links.To serve our research needs,we employed two different datasets:the PhiUSIIL dataset,which is specifically designed to address phishing URL detection,and another dataset developed to uncover spam links by examining the wording and structure of every URL.Our strategy was to train and evaluate four classificationmodels,namely RandomForest,SupportVectorMachine(SVM),Naive Bayes,and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),under two different feature engineering approaches:statistical text-based analysis and heuristic-based structural features.The results are in,and they are stunning:Random Forest and ANN models were always the best.During our research,we achieved some outstanding results.On the PhiUSIIL phishing dataset,the model achieved an accuracy of 99.99%,and on the spam dataset,it attained an accuracy of 99.62%.Studies surpass any previously reported findings,firmly establishing the efficacy of machine learning and neural networks in detecting malicious URLs.Not only does this work reinforce the superiority of these in-demand models,but it also sets a high bar for subsequent research and development in the field.In general,this provides the direction for building smarter,faster,and more precise tools that can spot online threats as they develop.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Number 62001055.
摘要Fileless webshell attacks against Java web applications have becomemore frequent in recent years as Java has gained market share. Webshell is amalicious script that can remotely execute commands and invade servers. Itis widely used in attacks against web applications. In contrast to traditionalfile-based webshells, fileless webshells leave no traces on the hard drive, whichmeans they are invisible to most antivirus software. To make matters worse,although there are some studies on fileless webshells, almost all of themare aimed at web applications developed in the PHP language. The complexmechanism of Java makes researchers face more challenges. To mitigate thisattack, this paper proposes JShellDetector, a fileless webshell detector forJava web applications based on program analysis. JShellDetector uses methodprobes to capture dynamic characteristics of web applications in the JavaVirtual Machine (JVM). When a suspicious class tries to call a specificsensitive method, JShellDetector catches it and converts it from the JVMto a bytecode file. Then, JShellDetector builds a Jimple-based control flowgraph and processes it using taint analysis techniques. A suspicious classis considered malicious if there is a valid path from sources to sinks. Todemonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we manually collect35 test cases (all open source on GitHub) and test JShellDetector and onlytwo other Java fileless webshell detection tools. The experimental results showthat the detection rate of JShellDetector reaches 77.1%, which is about 11%higher than the other two tools.
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016QY05X1000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(201561402137).
摘要With the rapid development of the Internet,the types of webpages are more abundant than in previous decades.However,it becomes severe that people are facing more and more significant network security risks and enormous losses caused by phishing webpages,which imitate the interface of real webpages and deceive the victims.To better identify and distinguish phishing webpages,a visual feature extraction method and a visual similarity algorithm are proposed.First,the visual feature extraction method improves the Visionbased Page Segmentation(VIPS)algorithm to extract the visual block and calculate its signature by perceptual hash technology.Second,the visual similarity algorithm presents a one-to-one correspondence based on the visual blocks’coordinates and thresholds.Then the weights are assigned according to the tree structure,and the similarity of the visual blocks is calculated on the basis of the measurement of the visual features’Hamming distance.Further,the visual similarity of webpages is generated by integrating the similarity and weight of different visual blocks.Finally,multiple pairs of phishing webpages and legitimate webpages are evaluated to verify the feasibility of the algorithm.The experimental results achieve excellent performance and demonstrate that our method can achieve 94%accuracy.
摘要The fourth international conference on Web information systems and applications (WISA 2007) has received 409 submissions and has accepted 37 papers for publication in this issue. The papers cover broad research areas, including Web mining and data warehouse, Deep Web and Web integration, P2P networks, text processing and information retrieval, as well as Web Services and Web infrastructure. After briefly introducing the WISA conference, the survey outlines the current activities and future trends concerning Web information systems and applications based on the papers accepted for publication.
基金This work was supported by project of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company(No.520627200001).
摘要How to protect the security of web application code and sensitive data has become one of the primary concerns in web services.In this paper,symmetric cryptosystem combined with identity-based public key cryptosystem is proposed to protect web application programs and sensitive data.The key generation center generates the private and public key pairs for the web server and users,which are used to implement identity authentication and data integrity.Whenweb application code and sensitive data are transmitted between the web server and the user’s browser,a random session key is generated for encrypting the web application code and sensitive data.Meanwhile,a digital signature is generated and added to the encrypted program code and sensitive data.The security analysis shows that the proposed security scheme can ensure the confidentiality,integrity and authentication of web application code and sensitive data.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council,Tianjin Science and Technology Committee(No.12JCZDJC20800)Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin(No.13ZCZDGX01098)+2 种基金NSF TRUST(The Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Technology)Science and Technology Center(No.CCF-0424422)National High Technology Research and Development Program of Chia(863Program)(No.2013BAH01B05)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61402264)
摘要Logic flaws within web applications will allow malicious operations to be triggered towards back-end database. Existing approaches to identifying logic flaws of database accesses are strongly tied to structured query language (SQL) statement construction and cannot be applied to the new generation of web applications that use not only structured query language (NoSQL) databases as the storage tier. In this paper, we present Lom, a black-box approach for discovering many categories of logic flaws within MongoDB- based web applications. Our approach introduces a MongoDB operation model to support new features of MongoDB and models the application logic as a mealy finite state machine. During the testing phase, test inputs which emulate state violation attacks are constructed for identifying logic flaws at each application state. We apply Lom to several MongoDB-based web applications and demonstrate its effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A2034,62177047)High Caliber Foreign Experts Introduction Plan funded by MOST,and Central South University Research Programme of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies(No.2023QYJC020).
摘要Enhancing website security is crucial to combat malicious activities,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has become a key method to distinguish humans from bots.While text-based CAPTCHAs are designed to challenge machines while remaining human-readable,recent advances in deep learning have enabled models to recognize them with remarkable efficiency.In this regard,we propose a novel two-layer visual attention framework for CAPTCHA recognition that builds on traditional attention mechanisms by incorporating Guided Visual Attention(GVA),which sharpens focus on relevant visual features.We have specifically adapted the well-established image captioning task to address this need.Our approach utilizes the first-level attention module as guidance to the second-level attention component,incorporating two LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)layers to enhance CAPTCHA recognition.Our extensive evaluation across four diverse datasets—Weibo,BoC(Bank of China),Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3—shows the adaptability and efficacy of our method.Our approach demonstrated impressive performance,achieving an accuracy of 96.70%for BoC and 95.92%for Webo.These results underscore the effectiveness of our method in accurately recognizing and processing CAPTCHA datasets,showcasing its robustness,reliability,and ability to handle varied challenges in CAPTCHA recognition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A2034,62177047)High Caliber Foreign Experts Introduction Plan funded by MOST,and Central South University Research Programme of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies(No.2023QYJC020).
摘要Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing human users from automated bots.Text-based CAPTCHAs,designed to be easily decipherable by humans yet challenging for machines,are a common form of this verification.However,advancements in deep learning have facilitated the creation of models adept at recognizing these text-based CAPTCHAs with surprising efficiency.In our comprehensive investigation into CAPTCHA recognition,we have tailored the renowned UpDown image captioning model specifically for this purpose.Our approach innovatively combines an encoder to extract both global and local features,significantly boosting the model’s capability to identify complex details within CAPTCHA images.For the decoding phase,we have adopted a refined attention mechanism,integrating enhanced visual attention with dual layers of Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks to elevate CAPTCHA recognition accuracy.Our rigorous testing across four varied datasets,including those from Weibo,BoC,Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3,demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of our method.The results not only highlight the efficiency of our approach but also offer profound insights into its applicability across different CAPTCHA types,contributing to a deeper understanding of CAPTCHA recognition technology.
摘要Due to the rapid development of electronic information technology,the development of Internet technology and system software development technology has become more and more common.Especially,along with the development of public security,there are more and more provisions for standard administrative department management system,improving office efficiency and enhancing decision encouragement.Therefore,it is of great practical value to design and complete a comprehensive public security business information system.Based on java technology,this paper designs and builds a comprehensive information management platform for public security through the analysis of comprehensive public security business,and also gets good feedback during the actual test,which confirms the feasibility of the system.
摘要A URL(Uniform Resource Locator)is used to locate a digital resource.With this URL,an attacker can perform a variety of attacks,which can lead to serious consequences for both individuals and organizations.Therefore,attackers create malicious URLs to gain access to an organization’s systems or sensitive information.It is crucial to secure individuals and organizations against these malicious URLs.A combination of machine learning and deep learning was used to predict malicious URLs.This research contributes significantly to the field of cybersecurity by proposing a model that seamlessly integrates the accuracy of machine learning with the swiftness of deep learning.The strategic fusion of Random Forest(RF) and Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)with an accuracy of 81% represents a noteworthy advancement,offering a balanced solution for robust cybersecurity.This study found that by combining RF and MLP,an efficient model was developed with an accuracy of 81%and a training time of 33.78 s.
基金Supported bythe National Natural Science Foundationof China (60225007 ,60572155) the Science and Technology ResearchProject of Shanghai (04DZ07067)
摘要In the area of secure Web information system, mutual authentication and key agreement are essential between Web clients and servers. An efficient certificateless authenticated key agreement protocol for Web client/server setting is proposed, which uses pairings on certain elliptic curves. We show that the newly proposed key agreement protocol is practical and of great efficiency, meanwhile, it satisfies every desired security require ments for key agreement protocols.